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Angrisani N, von der Ahe C, Willumeit-Römer R, Windhagen H, Scheper V, Schwarze M, Wiese B, Helmholz H, Reifenrath J. Treatment of osteoarthritis by implantation of Mg- and WE43-cylinders - A preclinical study on bone and cartilage changes and their influence on pain sensation in rabbits. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:366-377. [PMID: 38978802 PMCID: PMC11228885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With its main features of cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone sclerosis and osteophyte formation, osteoarthritis represents a multifactorial disease with no effective treatment options. As biomechanical shift in the trabecular network may be a driver for further cartilage degeneration, bone enhancement could possibly delay OA progression. Magnesium is known to be osteoconductive and already showed positive effects in OA models. We aimed to use magnesium cylinders to enhance subchondral bone quality, condition of cartilage and pain sensation compared to sole drilling in vivo. After eight weeks of implantation in rabbits, significant increase in subchondral bone volume and trabecular thickness with constant bone mineral density was found indicating favored biomechanics. As representative for pain, a higher number of CD271+ vessels were present in control samples without magnesium. However, this result could not be confirmed by sensitive, objective lameness evaluation using a pressure sensing mat and no positive effect could be shown on either cartilage degeneration evaluated by OARSI score nor the presence of regenerative cells in CD271-stained samples. The presented results show a relevant impact of implanted magnesium on key structures in OA pain with missing clinical relevance regarding pain. Further studies with shifted focus should examine additional structures as joint capsule or osteophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Angrisani
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Christin von der Ahe
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Henning Windhagen
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Verena Scheper
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarze
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Björn Wiese
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Janin Reifenrath
- Hannover Medical School, Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Zupan J, Stražar K. Synovium-Derived and Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells from Early OA Patients Show Comparable In Vitro Properties to Those of Non-OA Patients. Cells 2024; 13:1238. [PMID: 39120270 PMCID: PMC11311703 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disorders like osteoarthritis (OA) might impair the ability of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) for tissue regeneration. As primary cells with MSC-like properties are exploited for patient-derived stem cell therapies, a detailed evaluation of their in vitro properties is needed. Here, we aimed to compare synovium-derived and bone-derived MSCs in early hip OA with those of patients without OA (non-OA). Tissues from three synovial sites of the hip (paralabral synovium, cotyloid fossa, inner surface of peripheral capsule) were collected along with peripheral trabecular bone from 16 patients undergoing hip arthroscopy (8 early OA and 8 non-OA patients). Primary cells isolated from tissues were compared using detailed in vitro analyses. Gene expression profiling was performed for the skeletal stem cell markers podoplanin (PDPN), CD73, CD164 and CD146 as well as for immune-related molecules to assess their immunomodulatory potential. Synovium-derived and bone-derived MSCs from early OA patients showed comparable clonogenicity, cumulative population doublings, osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic potential, and immunophenotype to those of non-OA patients. High PDPN/low CD146 profile (reminiscent of skeletal stem cells) was identified mainly for non-OA MSCs, while low PDPN/high CD146 mainly defined early OA MSCs. These data suggest that MSCs from early OA patients are not affected by degenerative changes in the hip. Moreover, the synovium represents an alternative source of MSCs for patient-derived stem cell therapies, which is comparable to bone. The expression profile reminiscent of skeletal stem cells suggests the combination of low PDPN and high CD146 as potential biomarkers in early OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Klemen Stražar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 9, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Li X, Sun H, Li D, Cai Z, Xu J, Ma R. CD34+ synovial fibroblasts exhibit high osteogenic potential in synovial chondromatosis. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 397:37-50. [PMID: 38602543 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a disorder of the synovium characterized by the formation of osteochondral nodules within the synovium. This study aimed to identify the abnormally differentiated progenitor cells and possible pathogenic signaling pathways. Loose bodies and synovium were obtained from patients with SC during knee arthroplasty. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to identify cell subsets and their gene signatures in SC synovium. Cells derived from osteoarthritis (OA) synovium were used as controls. Multi-differentiation and colony-forming assays were used to identify progenitor cells. The roles of transcription factors and signaling pathways were investigated through computational analysis and experimental verification. We identified an increased proportion of CD34+ sublining fibroblasts in SC synovium. CD34+CD31- cells and CD34-CD31- cells were sorted from SC synovium. Compared with CD34- cells, CD34+ cells had larger alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-stained area and calcified area after osteogenic induction. In addition, CD34+ cells exhibited a stronger tube formation ability than CD34- cells. Our bioinformatic analysis suggested the expression of TWIST1, a negative regulator of osteogenesis, in CD34- sublining fibroblasts and was regulated by the TGF-β signaling pathway. The experiment showed that CD34+ cells acquired the TWIST1 expression during culture and the combination of TGF-β1 and harmine, an inhibitor of Twist1, could further stimulate the osteogenesis of CD34+ cells. Overall, CD34+ synovial fibroblasts in SC synovium have multiple differentiation potentials, especially osteogenic differentiation potential, and might be responsible for the pathogenesis of SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Qingdao in Medicine and Engineering, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqing Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruofan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Boboryko D, Bratborska AW, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3901. [PMID: 38612710 PMCID: PMC11011548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and include several vascular and cardiac disorders, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure. Multiple treatment strategies exist for CVDs, but there is a need for regenerative treatment of damaged heart. Stem cells are a broad variety of cells with a great differentiation potential that have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Multiple studies have evaluated the efficacy of stem cells in CVDs, such as mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. These studies have demonstrated that stem cells can improve the left ventricle ejection fraction, reduce fibrosis, and decrease infarct size. Other studies have investigated potential methods to improve the survival, engraftment, and functionality of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of stem cells in the treatment of CVDs, and how to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Dominika Boboryko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Joanna Olejnik-Wojciechowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (E.B.); (K.K.); (D.B.); (J.O.-W.); (M.R.)
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Poblano-Pérez LI, Castro-Manrreza ME, González-Alva P, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Dental Tissues: Immunomodulatory Properties and Clinical Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1986. [PMID: 38396665 PMCID: PMC10888494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells located in different areas of the human body. The oral cavity is considered a potential source of MSCs because they have been identified in several dental tissues (D-MSCs). Clinical trials in which cells from these sources were used have shown that they are effective and safe as treatments for tissue regeneration. Importantly, immunoregulatory capacity has been observed in all of these populations; however, this function may vary among the different types of MSCs. Since this property is of clinical interest for cell therapy protocols, it is relevant to analyze the differences in immunoregulatory capacity, as well as the mechanisms used by each type of MSC. Interestingly, D-MSCs are the most suitable source for regenerating mineralized tissues in the oral region. Furthermore, the clinical potential of D-MSCs is supported due to their adequate capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. There is also evidence for their potential application in protocols against autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory conditions due to their immunosuppressive capacity. Therefore, in this review, the immunoregulatory mechanisms identified at the preclinical level in combination with the different types of MSCs found in dental tissues are described, in addition to a description of the clinical trials in which MSCs from these sources have been applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Marta Elena Castro-Manrreza
- Immunology and Stem Cells Laboratory, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 09230, Mexico;
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Guadalupe R. Fajardo-Orduña
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (L.I.P.-P.); (G.R.F.-O.)
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Goshima A, Etani Y, Hirao M, Yamakawa S, Okamura G, Miyama A, Takami K, Miura T, Fukuda Y, Kurihara T, Ochiai N, Oyama S, Otani S, Tamaki M, Ishibashi T, Tomita T, Kanamoto T, Nakata K, Okada S, Ebina K. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes meniscus regeneration through the cultivation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells via the CXCL6-CXCR2 pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1581-1593. [PMID: 37562758 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in promoting meniscus regeneration by cultivating synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) and to validate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Human SMSCs were collected from patients with osteoarthritis. Eight-week-old nude rats underwent hemi-meniscectomy, and SMSCs in pellet form, either with or without bFGF (1.0 × 106 cells per pellet), were implanted at the site of meniscus defects. Rats were divided into the control (no transplantation), FGF (-) (pellet without bFGF), and FGF (+) (pellet with bFGF) groups. Different examinations, including assessment of the regenerated meniscus area, histological scoring of the regenerated meniscus and cartilage, meniscus indentation test, and immunohistochemistry analysis, were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS Transplanted SMSCs adhered to the regenerative meniscus. Compared with the control group, the FGF (+) group had larger regenerated meniscus areas, superior histological scores of the meniscus and cartilage, and better meniscus mechanical properties. RNA sequencing of SMSCs revealed that the gene expression of chemokines that bind to CXCR2 was upregulated by bFGF. Furthermore, conditioned medium derived from SMSCs cultivated with bFGF exhibited enhanced cell migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation, which were specifically inhibited by CXCR2 or CXCL6 inhibitors. CONCLUSION SMSCs cultured with bFGF promoted the expression of CXCL6. This mechanism may enhance cell migration, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation, thereby resulting in superior meniscus regeneration and cartilage preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Etani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Osaka Minami Medical Center, 2-1 Kidohigashi-machi, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-8521, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamakawa
- Department of Sports Medical Biomechanics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gensuke Okamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, 1179-3 Nagasone-cho, Kita-ku, Sakai 591-8025, Japan
| | - Akira Miyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka Toneyama Medical Center, 5-1-1 Toneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8552, Japan
| | - Kenji Takami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nippon Life Hospital, 2-1-54 Enokojima, Nishi-ku, Osaka 550-0006, Japan
| | - Taihei Miura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Kurihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Ochiai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shohei Oyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shunya Otani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masashi Tamaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teruya Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tomita
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, 1-26-16, Nankou-kita, Suminoe, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanamoto
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Nakata
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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7
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蔡 武, 李 箭, 李 棋. [Research progress on bioactive strategies for promoting tendon graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2023; 37:1292-1299. [PMID: 37848327 PMCID: PMC10581880 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202306088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the bioactive strategies that enhance tendon graft healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to provide insights for improving the therapeutic outcomes of ACLR. Methods The domestic and foreign literature related to the bioactive strategies for promoting the healing of tendon grafts after ACLR was extensively reviewed and summarized. Results At present, there are several kinds of bioactive materials related to tendon graft healing after ACLR: growth factors, cells, biodegradable implants/tissue derivatives. By constructing a complex interface simulating the matrix, environment, and regulatory factors required for the growth of native anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the growth of transplanted tendons is regulated at different levels, thus promoting the healing of tendon grafts. Although the effectiveness of ACLR has been significantly improved in most studies, most of them are still limited to the early stage of animal experiments, and there is still a long way to go from the real clinical promotion. In addition, limited by the current preparation technology, the bionics of the interface still stays at the micron and millimeter level, and tends to be morphological bionics, and the research on the signal mechanism pathway is still insufficient. Conclusion With the further study of ACL anatomy, development, and the improvement of preparation technology, the research of bioactive strategies to promote the healing of tendon grafts after ACLR is expected to be further promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- 武峰 蔡
- 四川大学华西医院骨科 骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - 箭 李
- 四川大学华西医院骨科 骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - 棋 李
- 四川大学华西医院骨科 骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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8
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Zou Z, Li H, Yu K, Ma K, Wang Q, Tang J, Liu G, Lim K, Hooper G, Woodfield T, Cui X, Zhang W, Tian K. The potential role of synovial cells in the progression and treatment of osteoarthritis. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220132. [PMID: 37933282 PMCID: PMC10582617 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the commonest arthritis, is characterized by the progressive destruction of cartilage, leading to disability. The Current early clinical treatment strategy for OA often centers on anti-inflammatory or analgesia medication, weight loss, improved muscular function and articular cartilage repair. Although these treatments can relieve symptoms, OA tends to be progressive, and most patients require arthroplasty at the terminal stages of OA. Recent studies have shown a close correlation between joint pain, inflammation, cartilage destruction and synovial cells. Consequently, understanding the potential mechanisms associated with the action of synovial cells in OA could be beneficial for the clinical management of OA. Therefore, this review comprehensively describes the biological functions of synovial cells, the synovium, together with the pathological changes of synovial cells in OA, and the interaction between the cartilage and synovium, which is lacking in the present literature. Additionally, therapeutic approaches based on synovial cells for OA treatment are further discussed from a clinical perspective, highlighting a new direction in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijun Zou
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Han Li
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Kai Yu
- Department of Bone and JointCentral Hospital of Zhuang He CityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Clinical MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Gary Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)ShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group (CReaTE)Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic DiseasesLiaoning ProvinceDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Sports MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopaedic DiseasesLiaoning ProvinceDalianLiaoningChina
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9
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Li S, Siengdee P, Oster M, Reyer H, Wimmers K, Ponsuksili S. Transcriptome changes during osteogenesis of porcine mesenchymal stem cells derived from different types of synovial membranes and genetic background. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10048. [PMID: 37344635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) often serve as in vitro model for bone disease, but the molecular mechanisms driving osteogenesis in SMSCs from different donor cells of various sources and breeds remain unclear. In this study, porcine SMSCs isolated from adipose synovium (FP) and fibrous synovium (FS) of Angeln Saddleback (AS) and German Landrace (DL) were used to discover the signaling network change after osteogenic induction. During osteogenic differentiation, mineral deposition was first observed at day 14 and further increased until day 21. Transcriptional changes between day 1 and day 21 were enriched in several signaling pathways, including Wnt, PI3K-Akt, and TGF-beta pathway. Certain pathways related to osteogenesis, including osteoblast differentiation, regulation of bone mineralization, and BMP signaling pathway, were enriched at late time points, as confirmed by the osteogenic markers ALPL, COL1A1, and NANOG. A fraction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between FP and FS, while DEGs between AS and DL increased during the differentiation phase until day 7 and then decreased from day 14 to day 21. These genes are involved in several important signaling pathways, including TGF-beta, Wnt, and lipid-related signaling pathways, suggesting that SMSCs from these two breeds have different osteogenic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichen Li
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Puntita Siengdee
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Program in Applied Biological Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Michael Oster
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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10
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Mizuno M, Sugahara Y, Iwayama D, Miyashita N, Katano H, Sekiya I. Stress and motivation of cell processing operators: A pilot study of an online questionnaire survey. Regen Ther 2022; 21:547-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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11
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Mizuno M, Ozeki N, Sekiya I. Safety of using cultured cells with trisomy 7 in cell therapy for treating osteoarthritis. Regen Ther 2022; 21:81-86. [PMID: 35785042 PMCID: PMC9234008 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a promising alternative treatment approach currently under study for osteoarthritis (OA), the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease. However, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) used in cell therapy to treat OA are usually expanded in vitro to obtain sufficient numbers for transplantation, and their safety has not been fully assessed from multiple perspectives. Analysis of karyotypic abnormalities, in particular, is important to ensure the safety of cells; however, chromosomal mutations may also occur during the cell-expansion process. In addition, there have been many reports showing chromosome abnormalities, mainly trisomy 7, in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA as well as in normal tissues. The suitability of cells with these karyotypic abnormalities as cells for cell therapy has not been evaluated. Recently, we assessed the safety of using cells with trisomy 7 from the osteoarthritic joint of a patient for transplantation, and we followed up with the patient for 5 years. This study showed analysis for copy number variant and whole-genome sequencing, compared with blood DNA from the same patient. We did not find any abnormalities in the genes regardless of trisomy 7. No side effects were observed for at least 5 years in the human clinical study. This suggests that the transplantation of cultured cells with trisomy 7 isolated from an osteoarthritic joint and transplanted into the osteoarthritic joints of the same person is not expected to cause serious adverse events. However, it is unclear what problems may arise in the case of allogeneic transplantation. Different types of risks will also exist depending on other transplantation routes, such as localization to the knee-joint only or circulation inflow and lung entrapment. In addition, since the cause of trisomy 7 occurrence remains unclear, it is necessary to clarify the mechanism of trisomy 7 in OA to perform cell therapy for OA patients in a safe manner. Trisomy 7 is frequently observed in the cartilage and synovium of patients with OA. MSCs with trisomy 7 did not form tumor after transplantation into mice. No side effects were observed 5 years after transplantation of MSCs with trisomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Corresponding author. Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan. Fax: +81 3 5803-0192.
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12
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Satake T, Komura S, Aoki H, Hirakawa A, Imai Y, Akiyama H. Induction of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of superficial zone chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:30. [PMID: 35870887 PMCID: PMC9308249 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lubricin, a proteoglycan encoded by the PRG4 gene, is synthesised by superficial zone (SFZ) chondrocytes and synovial cells. It reduces friction between joints and allows smooth sliding of tendons. Although lubricin has been shown to be effective against osteoarthritis and synovitis in animals, its clinical application remains untested. In this study, we aimed to induce lubricin-expressing cells from pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and applied them locally via cell transplantation. Methods To generate iPSCs, OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and L-MYC were transduced into fibroblasts derived from Prg4-mRFP1 transgenic mice. We established a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells and characterised their mRNA expression profile. Finally, we injected Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells into the paratenon, surrounding the Achilles tendons and knee joints of severe combined immunodeficient mice and assessed lubricin expression. Result Wnt3a, activin A, TGF-β1, and bFGF were applied to induce the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells. Markers related to SFZ chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) were expressed during differentiation. RNA-sequencing indicated that iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells manifested expression profiles typical of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplanted iPSC-derived Prg4-mRFP1-positive cells survived around the Achilles tendons and in knee joints. Conclusions The present study describes a protocol for the differentiation of iPSC-derived Prg4-positive cells with characteristics of SFZ chondrocytes and FLSs. Transplantation of lubricin-expressing cells offers promise as a therapy against arthritis and synovitis.
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13
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Chijimatsu R, Takeda T, Tsuji S, Sasaki K, Kato K, Kojima R, Michihata N, Tsubaki T, Matui A, Watanabe M, Tanaka S, Saito T. Development of hydroxyapatite-coated nonwovens for efficient isolation of somatic stem cells from adipose tissues. Regen Ther 2022; 21:52-61. [PMID: 35765544 PMCID: PMC9192701 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an attractive cell source for cell therapy. Despite the increasing number of clinical applications, the methodology for ASC isolation is not optimized for every individual. In this study, we developed an effective material to stabilize explant cultures from small-fragment adipose tissues. Methods Polypropylene/polyethylene nonwoven sheets were coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) particles. Adipose fragments were then placed on these sheets, and their ability to trap tissue was monitored during explant culture. The yield and properties of the cells were compared to those of cells isolated by conventional collagenase digestion. Results Hydroxyapatite-coated nonwovens immediately trapped adipose fragments when placed on the sheets. The adhesion was stable even in culture media, leading to cell migration and proliferation from the tissue along with the nonwoven fibers. A higher fiber density further enhanced cell growth. Although cells on nonwoven explants could not be fully collected with cell dissociation enzymes, the cell yield was significantly higher than that of conventional monolayer culture without impacting stem cell properties. Conclusions Hydroxyapatite-coated nonwovens are useful for the effective primary explant culture of connective tissues without enzymatic cell dissociation. Hydroxyapatite-coated nonwovens enable explant culture of adipose tissue. ASCs migrated and proliferated from the tissue explants along the fibers in nonwovens. Nonwoven explants had significantly higher cell yield than conventional culture. Nonwoven culture did not impact stem cell properties of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- The University of Tokyo, Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,Okayama University Hospital, Center for Comprehensive Genomic Medicine, 2-5-1, Shikada-chou, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Taiga Takeda
- The University of Tokyo, Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.,CPC Corporation, 3-18-16 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Tsuji
- CPC Corporation, 3-18-16 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan.,Avenue Cell Clinic, 3-18-16 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Sasaki
- Japan Vilene Company, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 7 Kita-tone, Koga-shi, Ibaraki, 306-0213, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Japan Vilene Company, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 7 Kita-tone, Koga-shi, Ibaraki, 306-0213, Japan
| | - Rie Kojima
- Japan Vilene Company, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 7 Kita-tone, Koga-shi, Ibaraki, 306-0213, Japan
| | - Noriko Michihata
- Japan Vilene Company, Ltd., Central Research Laboratory, 7 Kita-tone, Koga-shi, Ibaraki, 306-0213, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tsubaki
- The University of Tokyo, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aya Matui
- CPC Corporation, 3-18-16 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Miharu Watanabe
- CPC Corporation, 3-18-16 Minami-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- The University of Tokyo, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- The University of Tokyo, Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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14
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Kurenkova AD, Romanova IA, Kibirskiy PD, Timashev P, Medvedeva EV. Strategies to Convert Cells into Hyaline Cartilage: Magic Spells for Adult Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11169. [PMID: 36232468 PMCID: PMC9570095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged hyaline cartilage gradually decreases joint function and growing pain significantly reduces the quality of a patient's life. The clinically approved procedure of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for treating knee cartilage lesions has several limits, including the absence of healthy articular cartilage tissues for cell isolation and difficulties related to the chondrocyte expansion in vitro. Today, various ACI modifications are being developed using autologous chondrocytes from alternative sources, such as the auricles, nose and ribs. Adult stem cells from different tissues are also of great interest due to their less traumatic material extraction and their innate abilities of active proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation. According to the different adult stem cell types and their origin, various strategies have been proposed for stem cell expansion and initiation of their chondrogenic differentiation. The current review presents the diversity in developing applied techniques based on autologous adult stem cell differentiation to hyaline cartilage tissue and targeted to articular cartilage damage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia D. Kurenkova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Irina A. Romanova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel D. Kibirskiy
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Medvedeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia or
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15
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Liu J, Gao J, Liang Z, Gao C, Niu Q, Wu F, Zhang L. Mesenchymal stem cells and their microenvironment. STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2022; 13:429. [PMID: 35987711 PMCID: PMC9391632 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), coming from a wide range of sources, have multi-directional differentiation ability. MSCs play vital roles in immunomodulation, hematopoiesis and tissue repair. The microenvironment of cells often refers to the intercellular matrix, other cells, cytokines and humoral components. It is also the place for cells’ interaction. The stability of the microenvironment is pivotal for maintaining cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism and functional activities. Abnormal changes in microenvironment components can interfere cell functions. In some diseases, MSCs can interact with the microenvironment and accelerate disease progression. This review will discuss the characteristics of MSCs and their microenvironment, as well as the interaction between MSCs and microenvironment in disease.
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16
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Wu M, Liu F, Yan L, Huang R, Hu R, Zhu J, Li S, Long C. MiR-145-5p restrains chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells by suppressing TLR4. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:625-642. [PMID: 35403567 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2057535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degeneration of articular cartilage with involvement of synovial membrane, and subchondral bone. Recently, cell-based therapies, including the application of stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have been introduced for restoration of the articular cartilage. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were reported to participate in OA progression and MSC chondrogenesis. Here, the role and molecular mechanism of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived MSCs (SMSCs) were investigated. Molecular markers (CD44, CD90, CD45 and CD14) on SMSC surfaces were identified by flow cytometry. Multi-potential differentiation capacities of SMSCs for chondrogenesis, adipogenesis and osteogenesis were examined by Alcian blue, oil red O and Alizarin red staining, respectively. TLR4 and miR-145-5p levels in SMSCs were assessed using RT-qPCR. The protein expression of TGFB3, Col II, SOX9 and Aggrecan in SMSCs was tested by western blotting. Cytokine secretions were analyzed with ELISA for IL-1β and IL-6. Intracellular NAD+ content and NAD+/NADH ratio were assessed. The interaction between miR-145-5p and TLR4 was confirmed by RNA pulldown and luciferase reporter assays. In this study, SMSCs were identified to have immunophenotypic characteristics of MSCs. TLR4 knockdown inhibited chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of SMSCs. Mechanistically, TLR4 was targeted by miR-145-5p in SMSCs. Moreover, TLR4 elevation offset the inhibitory impact of miR-145-5p upregulation on chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs. Overall, miR-145-5p restrains chondrogenesis of SMSCs by suppressing TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruokun Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Long
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital (Wuhan Puai Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei, China
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17
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Joint Tissue Protective and Immune-Modulating miRNA Landscape of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles under Different Osteoarthritis-Mimicking Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071400. [PMID: 35890296 PMCID: PMC9321932 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine related to orthopedic conditions, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as innovative clinical options. The definition of EV-shuttled signals and their modulation under orthopedic settings, such as osteoarthritis (OA), is crucial for MSC-related research, both for basic science and for use in clinical settings, either as therapeutics or as producers of cell-free products such as EVs or secretome. The objective of this work is to compare the literature available on high-throughput EV-miRNA data obtained from adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) in standard conditions or cultured in high levels of IFNγ, low-level inflammatory conditions mimicking OA synovial fluid (SF), and OA-SF. The first result was that both IFNγ and low-level inflammatory treatment led to an increase, whereas SF led to a reduction in EV release. Second, more than 200 EV-miRNAs were found to be shared across the different conditions. After a bioinformatics search through experimentally validated and OA-related targets, pathways and tissues, several miRNAs resulted in the restoration of cartilage and synovium stability and the homeostasis of inflammatory cells, including macrophages, promoting their switch towards an M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Third, IFNγ and especially SF culturing were able to modulate the overall EV-miRNA fingerprint, although the main molecular messages related to OA resulted conserved between treatments with the majority of modulations within 2-fold range. In conclusion, ASC EV-miRNAs may be modulated in their overall landscape by OA-related culturing conditions albeit resulted largely stable in their specific OA-protective signals allowing for a faster clinical translation of these new cell-free therapies for joint diseases.
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18
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Gonzalez-Vilchis RA, Piedra-Ramirez A, Patiño-Morales CC, Sanchez-Gomez C, Beltran-Vargas NE. Sources, Characteristics, and Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Cells in Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:325-361. [PMID: 35092596 PMCID: PMC8971271 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a therapeutic option within regenerative medicine that allows to mimic the original cell environment and functional organization of the cell types necessary for the recovery or regeneration of damaged tissue using cell sources, scaffolds, and bioreactors. Among the cell sources, the utilization of mesenchymal cells (MSCs) has gained great interest because these multipotent cells are capable of differentiating into diverse tissues, in addition to their self-renewal capacity to maintain their cell population, thus representing a therapeutic alternative for those diseases that can only be controlled with palliative treatments. This review aimed to summarize the state of the art of the main sources of MSCs as well as particular characteristics of each subtype and applications of MSCs in TE in seven different areas (neural, osseous, epithelial, cartilage, osteochondral, muscle, and cardiac) with a systemic revision of advances made in the last 10 years. It was observed that bone marrow-derived MSCs are the principal type of MSCs used in TE, and the most commonly employed techniques for MSCs characterization are immunodetection techniques. Moreover, the utilization of natural biomaterials is higher (41.96%) than that of synthetic biomaterials (18.75%) for the construction of the scaffolds in which cells are seeded. Further, this review shows alternatives of MSCs derived from other tissues and diverse strategies that can improve this area of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angelica Gonzalez-Vilchis
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Angelica Piedra-Ramirez
- Molecular Biology Undergraduate Program, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, 05340, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cesar Patiño-Morales
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Concepcion Sanchez-Gomez
- Research Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, 06720, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Nohra E Beltran-Vargas
- Department of Processes and Technology, Natural Science and Engineering Division, Cuajimalpa Unit, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Cuajimalpa. Vasco de Quiroga 4871. Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, CDMX, Mexico.
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19
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Kohno Y, Mizuno M, Endo K, Ozeki N, Katano H, Matsumoto M, Kaneko H, Takazawa Y, Koga H, Sekiya I. Yields of mesenchymal stromal cells from synovial fluid reflect those from synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Cell 2022; 75:101727. [PMID: 34998163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The yield of primary synovial mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly variable, but cell transplantation therapy with autologous synovial MSCs requires accurate prediction of the synovial MSC yield per synovium weight. Here, we determined whether the yield of synovial fluid MSCs might predict the ultimate yield of primary MSCs from the synovium of RA knees. Synovial fluid and synovium were harvested during total knee arthroplasty from the knee joints of 10 patients with RA. Synovial fluid (1.5 mL) was diluted fourfold and plated equally into six 60 cm2 dishes. Nucleated cells from digested synovium were similarly plated at 1 × 104 cells in 6 dishes. All dishes were cultured for 14 days and analyzed for MSC yields and properties, including in vitro chondrogenesis. The cultured synovial cell number was correlated with the cultured synovial fluid cell number (n = 10, R2 = 0.64, p < 0.01). Synovial fluid cells formed cell colonies and showed MSC-like surface epitopes and multi-differentiation potential. However, the cartilage pellet weight indicated a greater chondrogenic potential of the synovial MSCs (n = 8). The primary MSC yields from synovial fluid and synovium were correlated, indicating that the synovial fluid MSC yield can predict the ultimate synovial MSC yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kohno
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mikio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Haruka Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Yuji Takazawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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20
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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CD34 +THY1 + synovial fibroblast subset in arthritic joints has high osteoblastic and chondrogenic potentials in vitro. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:45. [PMID: 35168627 PMCID: PMC8845288 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) play biphasic roles in joint destruction and regeneration of bone/cartilage as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although MSCs contribute to joint homeostasis, such function is impaired in arthritic joints. We have identified functionally distinct three SF subsets characterized by the expression of CD34 and THY1 as follows: CD34+THY1+, CD34−THY1−, and CD34−THY1+. The objective of this study was to clarify the differentiation potentials as MSCs in each SF subset since both molecules would be associated with the MSC function. Methods SF subsets were isolated from synovial tissues of 70 patients (RA: 18, OA: 52). Expressions of surface markers associated with MSCs (THY1, CD34, CD73, CD271, CD54, CD44, and CD29) were evaluated in fleshly isolated SF subsets by flow cytometry. The differentiation potentials of osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis were evaluated with histological staining and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction of differentiation marker genes. Small interfering RNA was examined to deplete THY1 in SFs. Results The expression levels of THY1+, CD73+, and CD271+ were highest and those of CD54+ and CD29+ were lowest in CD34+THY1+ among three subsets. Comparing three subsets, the calcified area, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-stained area, and cartilage matrix subset were the largest in the CD34+THY1+ subset. Consistently, the expressions of differentiation markers of the osteoblasts (RUNX2, ALPL, and OCN) or chondrocytes (ACAN) were the highest in the CD34+THY1+ subset, indicating that the CD34+THY1+ subset possessed the highest osteogenic and chondrogenic potential among three subsets, while the differentiation potentials to adipocytes were comparable among the subsets regarding lipid droplet formations and the expression of LPL and PPARγ. The knockdown of THY1 in bulk SFs resulted in impaired osteoblast differentiation indicating some functional aspects in this stem-cell marker. Conclusion The CD34+THY1+ SF subset has high osteogenic and chondrogenic potentials. The preferential enhancement of MSC functions in the CD34+THY1+ subset may provide a new treatment strategy for regenerating damaged bone/cartilage in arthritic joints. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02736-7.
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Jeyaraman N, Ranjan R, Jha SK, Mishra P. Synovium Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (Sy-MSCs): A Promising Therapeutic Paradigm in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:1-15. [PMID: 35070137 PMCID: PMC8748553 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00439-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (Sy-MSC) is a newer member of the mesenchymal stromal cell families. The first successful demonstration of the mesenchymal stromal cell from the human synovial membrane was done in 2001 and since then its potential role for musculoskeletal regeneration has been keenly documented. The regenerative effects of Sy-MSCs are through paracrine signaling, direct cell-cell interactions, and extracellular vehicles. Sy-MSCs possess superior chondrogenicity than other sources of mesenchymal stromal cells. This article aims to outline the advancement of synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells along with a specific insight into the application for managing osteoarthritis knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College & Hospital, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE University, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh India
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhu Mishra
- International Association of Stemcell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), New Delhi, India
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Sun Z, Xu X, Lv Z, Li J, Shi T, Sun H, Sun K, Tan G, Yan W, Yang YX, Wu R, Xu J, Guo H, Jiang Q, Shi D. Intraarticular injection of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 promotes the repair of rabbit full-thickness cartilage defect. J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:112-120. [PMID: 35228993 PMCID: PMC8857578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilage repair has been a challenge in the field of orthopaedics for decades, highlighting the significance of investigating potential therapeutic drugs. In this study, we explored the effect of the SHP2 inhibitor SHP099, a small-molecule drug, on cartilage repair. Methods Human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were isolated, and their three-way differentiation potential was examined. After treatment with chondrogenic medium, the chondrogenic effect of SHP099 on SMSCs was examined by western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence (IF). Micro-mass culture was also used to detect the effect of SHP099. To explore the chondrogenic effects of SHP099 in vivo, full-thickness cartilage defects with microfractures were constructed in the right femoral trochlea of New Zealand White rabbits. Intraarticular injection of SHP099 or normal saline was performed twice a week for 6 weeks. Cartilage repair was evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and safranin O/fast green staining. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for collagen II (COL2) was also conducted to verify the abundance of cartilage extracellular matrix after SHP099 treatment. The mechanism involving yes-associated protein (YAP) and WNT signalling was investigated in vitro. Results SMSCs isolated from human synovium have optimal multi-differentiation potential. SHP099 increased chondrogenic marker (SOX9, COL2) expression and decreased hypertrophic marker (COL10, RUNX2) expression in SMSCs. In micro-mass culture, the SHP099-induced cartilage tissues had a better result of Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining and are enriched in cartilage-specific collagen II. Inhibition of YAP and WNT signalling was also observed. Moreover, compared to the normal saline group at 6 weeks, intraarticular injection of SHP099 resulted in better defect filling, forming increased hyaline cartilage-like tissue with higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and COL2. Conclusion SHP099 promotes the repair of rabbit full-thickness cartilage defects, representing a potential therapeutic drug for cartilage repair. The Translational potential of this article This study provides evidence that SHP2 inhibition promotes chondrogenesis and the repair of cartilage in defect area, which could be a novel therapeutic approach for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhongyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tianshu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Heng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Kuoyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yannick Xiaofan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Disease, Model Animal Research Center (MARC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Malaise O, Paulissen G, Deroyer C, Ciregia F, Poulet C, Neuville S, Plener Z, Daniel C, Gillet P, Lechanteur C, Brondello JM, de Seny D, Malaise M. Influence of Glucocorticoids on Cellular Senescence Hallmarks in Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225331. [PMID: 34830613 PMCID: PMC8617749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is recognized as being a cellular senescence-linked disease. Intra-articular injections of glucocorticoids (GC) are frequently used in knee OA to treat synovial effusion but face controversies about toxicity. We investigated the influence of GC on cellular senescence hallmarks and senescence induction in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from OA patients and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Methods: Cellular senescence was assessed via the proliferation rate, β-galactosidase staining, DNA damage and CKI expression (p21, p16INK4A). Experimental senescence was induced by irradiation. Results: The GC prednisolone did not induce an apparent senescence phenotype in FLS, with even higher proliferation, no accumulation of β-galactosidase-positive cells nor DNA damage and reduction in p21mRNA, only showing the enhancement of p16INK4A. Prednisolone did not modify experimental senescence induction in FLS, with no modulation of any senescence parameters. Moreover, prednisolone did not induce a senescence phenotype in MSC: despite high β-galactosidase-positive cells, no reduction in proliferation, no DNA damage and no CKI enhancement was observed. Conclusions: We provide reassuring in vitro data about the use of GC regarding cellular senescence involvement in OA: the GC prednisolone did not induce a senescent phenotype in OA FLS (the proliferation ratio was even higher) and in MSC and did not worsen cellular senescence establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-366-7863
| | - Geneviève Paulissen
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Céline Deroyer
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Christophe Poulet
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Sophie Neuville
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Zelda Plener
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Christophe Daniel
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Gillet
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Chantal Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Hematology, CHU de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Marc Brondello
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Univ Montpellier, INSERM UMR1183, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - Dominique de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michel Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.C.); (C.P.); (S.N.); (Z.P.); (D.d.S.); (M.M.)
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Shin DI, Kim M, Park DY, Min BH, Yun HW, Chung JY, Min KJ. Motorized Shaver Harvest Results in Similar Cell Yield and Characteristics Compared With Rongeur Biopsy During Arthroscopic Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Harvest. Arthroscopy 2021; 37:2873-2882. [PMID: 33798652 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare cell yield and character of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SDMSC) harvested by 2 different techniques using rongeur and motorized shaver during knee arthroscopy. METHODS This study was performed in 15 patients undergoing partial meniscectomy. Two different techniques were used to harvest SDMSCs in each patient from the synovial membrane at 2 different locations overlying the anterior fat pad, each within 1 minute of harvest time. Cell yield and proliferation rates were evaluated. Cell surface marker analysis was done after passage 2 (P2). Trilineage differentiation potential was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology. Statistical analysis between the 2 methods was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Wet weight of total harvested tissue was 69.93 (± 20.02) mg versus 378.91 (± 168.87) mg for the rongeur and shaver group, respectively (P < .0001). Mononucleated cell yield was 3.32 (± 0.89) versus 3.18 (± 0.97) × 103 cells/mg, respectively (P = .67). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis revealed similar SDMSC-related cell surface marker expression levels in both groups, with positive expression for CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 and decreased expression for CD34 and CD45. Both groups showed similar trilineage differentiation potential in histology. Chondrogenic (SOX9, ACAN, COL2), adipogenic (LPL, PLIN1, PPAR-γ), and osteogenic (OCN, OSX, RUNX2) gene marker expression levels also were similar between both groups. CONCLUSIONS No difference was observed between rongeur biopsy and motorized shaver harvest methods regarding SDMSC yield and cell characteristics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current study shows that both rongeur and motorized shaver harvest are safe and effective methods for obtaining SDMSCs. Motorized shaver harvest results in higher volume of tissue acquisition per time, thereby leading to higher number of SDMSCs which may be useful during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Il Shin
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Hyun Min
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Woong Yun
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jun Min
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Mizuno M, Endo K, Katano H, Amano N, Nomura M, Hasegawa Y, Ozeki N, Koga H, Takasu N, Ohara O, Morio T, Sekiya I. Transplantation of human autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells with trisomy 7 into the knee joint and 5 years of follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1530-1543. [PMID: 34342383 PMCID: PMC8550709 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can show trisomy 7; however, the safety of these cells has not been fully investigated. The purposes of this study were to determine the ratio of patients whose synovial MSCs were transplanted clinically, to intensively investigate MSCs with trisomy 7 from a safety perspective, and to follow up the patients for 5 years after transplantation. Synovial MSCs at passage 0 were transplanted into a knee for degenerative meniscus tears in 10 patients, and the patients were checked at 5 years. The synovial MSCs were evaluated at passages 0 to 15 by G‐bands and digital karyotyping, and trisomy 7 was found in 3 of 10 patients. In those three patients, 5% to 10% of the synovial MSCs showed trisomy 7. The mRNA expressions of representative oncogenes and genes on chromosome 7 did not differ between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Whole‐genome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis showed similar results for MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Transplantation of human synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 into eight mouse knees did not result in tumor formation under the skin or in the knees after 8 weeks in any mouse, whereas transplanted HT1080 cells formed tumors. In vitro chondrogenic potentials were similar between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Five‐year follow‐ups revealed no serious adverse events in all 10 human patients, including 3 who had received MSCs with trisomy 7. Overall, our findings indicated that synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 were comparable with MSCs without trisomy 7 from a safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports MedicineGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied GenomicsKazusa DNA Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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Optimal Pore Size of Honeycomb Polylactic Acid Films for In Vitro Cartilage Formation by Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9239728. [PMID: 34394358 PMCID: PMC8356005 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9239728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering of cartilage requires the selection of an appropriate artificial scaffold. Polylactic acid (PLA) honeycomb films are expected to be highly biodegradable and cell adhesive due to their high porosity. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal pore size of honeycomb PLA films for in vitro cartilage formation using synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Suspensions of human synovial MSCs were plated on PLA films with different pore sizes (no pores, or with 5 μm or 20 μm pores) and then observed by scanning electron microscopy. The numbers of cells remaining in the film and passing through the film were quantified. One day after plating, the medium was switched to chondrogenic induction medium, and the films were time-lapse imaged and observed histologically. Results The 5 μm pore film showed MSCs with pseudopodia that extended between several pores, while the 20 μm pore film showed MSC bodies submerged into the pores. The number of adhered MSCs was significantly lower for the film without pores, while the number of MSCs that passed through the film was significantly higher for the 20 μm pore film. MSCs that were induced to form cartilage peeled off as a sheet from the poreless film after one day. MSCs formed thicker cartilage at two weeks when growing on the 5 μm pore films than on the 20 μm pore films. Conclusions Honeycomb PLA films with 5 μm pores were suitable for in vitro cartilage formation by synovial MSCs.
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Chijimatsu R, Miwa S, Okamura G, Miyahara J, Tachibana N, Ishikura H, Higuchi J, Maenohara Y, Tsuji S, Sameshima S, Takagi K, Nakazato K, Kawaguchi K, Yamagami R, Inui H, Taketomi S, Tanaka S, Saito T. Divergence in chondrogenic potential between in vitro and in vivo of adipose- and synovial-stem cells from mouse and human. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:405. [PMID: 34266496 PMCID: PMC8281654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic stem cell transplantation has been performed for cartilage injury, but the reparative mechanisms are still conflicting. The chondrogenic potential of stem cells are thought as promising features for cartilage therapy; however, the correlation between their potential for chondrogenesis in vitro and in vivo remains undefined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intrinsic chondrogenic condition depends on cell types and explore an indicator to select useful stem cells for cartilage regeneration. METHODS The chondrogenic potential of two different stem cell types derived from adipose tissue (ASCs) and synovium (SSCs) of mice and humans was assessed using bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). Their in vivo chondrogenic potential was validated through transplantation into a mouse osteochondral defect model. RESULTS All cell types showed apparent chondrogenesis under the combination of BMP2 and TGFβ1 in vitro, as assessed by the formation of proteoglycan- and type 2 collagen (COL2)-rich tissues. However, our results vastly differed with those observed following single stimulation among species and cell types; apparent chondrogenesis of mouse SSCs was observed with supplementation of BMP2 or TGFβ1, whereas chondrogenesis of mouse ASCs and human SSCs was observed with supplementation of BMP2 not TGFβ1. Human ASCs showed no obvious chondrogenesis following single stimulation. Mouse SSCs showed the formation of hyaline-like cartilage which had less fibrous components (COL1/3) with supplementation of TGFβ1. However, human cells developed COL1/3+ tissues with all treatments. Transcriptomic analysis for TGFβ receptors and ligands of cells prior to chondrogenic induction did not indicate their distinct reactivity to the TGFβ1 or BMP2. In the transplanted site in vivo, mouse SSCs formed hyaline-like cartilage (proteoglycan+/COL2+/COL1-/COL3-) but other cell types mainly formed COL1/3-positive fibrous tissues in line with in vitro reactivity to TGFβ1. CONCLUSION Optimal chondrogenic factors driving chondrogenesis from somatic stem cells are intrinsically distinct among cell types and species. Among them, the response to TGFβ1 may possibly represent the fate of stem cells when locally transplanted into cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Miwa
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Junya Miyahara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Tachibana
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Ishikura
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Higuchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Maenohara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shin Sameshima
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiu Nakazato
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawaguchi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamagami
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Taketomi
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Endo K, Horiuchi K, Katano H, Ozeki N, Sakamaki Y, Koga H, Sekiya I. Intra-articular Injection of PDGF-BB Explored in a Novel in Vitro Model Mobilizes Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Synovium Into Synovial Fluid in Rats. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1768-1779. [PMID: 33772387 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drugs that can induce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) mobilization from synovium into synovial fluid will enable regenerative medicine in joints without use of exogenous MSCs. An in vitro synovial MSC migration model had previously been developed for screening but had problems in practical application. We herein developed a novel in vitro model, explored cytokines for synovial MSC mobilization with this model, and verified whether MSCs in synovial fluid increase following intra-articular injection of the cytokine. METHODS Human synovial MSCs embedded in a mixture of Matrigel and type 1 collagen hydrogel were placed on a culture insert and then put in medium containing migration factor. Of the six cytokines, we identified the one that mobilizes the highest number of MSCs. PDGF-BB or PBS was injected into rat knees, and 48 h later, synovial fluid was collected and cultured. The cells were examined for MSC properties. RESULTS PDGF-BB was the most effective for synovial MSC mobilization among six cytokines. The effect of PDGF-BB was inhibited by a PRGFR inhibitor. Injection of PDGF-BB into rat knees increased colony-forming cells in the synovial fluid. These cells had surface epitopes and multipotency comparable to MSCs and a higher capacity for proliferation, colony formation, and chondrogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This novel in vitro model recapitulated the migration of MSCs from synovium into synovial fluid. Our exploration of cytokines revealed that PDGF-BB strongly induced in vitro synovial MSC migration, while intra-articular injection of PDGF-BB increased in vivo MSC numbers in synovial fluid in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Horiuchi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Research Core Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Morouço P, Fernandes C, Lattanzi W. Challenges and Innovations in Osteochondral Regeneration: Insights from Biology and Inputs from Bioengineering toward the Optimization of Tissue Engineering Strategies. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:17. [PMID: 33673516 PMCID: PMC7931100 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the extremely high incidence of lesions and diseases in aging population, it is critical to put all efforts into developing a successful implant for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Many of the patients undergoing surgery present osteochondral fissure extending until the subchondral bone (corresponding to a IV grade according to the conventional radiographic classification by Berndt and Harty). Therefore, strategies for functional tissue regeneration should also aim at healing the subchondral bone and joint interface, besides hyaline cartilage. With the ambition of contributing to solving this problem, several research groups have been working intensively on the development of tailored implants that could promote that complex osteochondral regeneration. These implants may be manufactured through a wide variety of processes and use a wide variety of (bio)materials. This review aimed to examine the state of the art regarding the challenges, advantages, and drawbacks of the current strategies for osteochondral regeneration. One of the most promising approaches relies on the principles of additive manufacturing, where technologies are used that allow for the production of complex 3D structures with a high level of control, intended and predefined geometry, size, and interconnected pores, in a reproducible way. However, not all materials are suitable for these processes, and their features should be examined, targeting a successful regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wanda Lattanzi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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31
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Jeyaraman M, John A, Koshy S, Ranjan R, Anudeep TC, Jain R, Swati K, Jha NK, Sharma A, Kesari KK, Prakash A, Nand P, Jha SK, Reddy PH. Fostering mesenchymal stem cell therapy to halt cytokine storm in COVID-19. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166014. [PMID: 33232817 PMCID: PMC7680525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been threatening the globe since the end of November 2019. The disease revealed cracks in the health care system as health care providers across the world were left without guidelines on definitive usage of pharmaceutical agents or vaccines. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. Individuals with underlying systemic disorders have reported complications, such as cytokine storms, when infected with the virus. As the number of positive cases and the death toll across the globe continue to rise, various researchers have turned to cell based therapy using stem cells to combat COVID-19. The field of stem cells and regenerative medicine has provided a paradigm shift in treating a disease with minimally invasive techniques that provides maximal clinical and functional outcome for patients. With the available evidence of immunomodulatory and immune-privilege actions, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can repair, regenerate and remodulate the native homeostasis of pulmonary parenchyma with improved pulmonary compliance. This article revolves around the usage of novel MSCs therapy for combating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - Santhosh Koshy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talagavadi Channaiah Anudeep
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Jain
- School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Swati
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Anand Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Parma Nand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Neuroscience/Pharmacology, Neurology, Public Health Departments and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street/MS/9410/4B 207, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States of America.
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32
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Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Altaie A, Mastbergen S, Baboolal T, Welting T, Lafeber F, Pandit H, McGonagle D, Jones E. Gene Expression Signatures of Synovial Fluid Multipotent Stromal Cells in Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis and Following Knee Joint Distraction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:579751. [PMID: 33178674 PMCID: PMC7591809 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. Although joint replacement remains the standard of care for knee OA patients, knee joint distraction (KJD), which works by temporarily off-loading the joint for 6–8 weeks, is becoming a novel joint-sparing alternative for younger OA sufferers. The biological mechanisms behind KJD structural improvements remain poorly understood but likely involve joint-resident regenerative cells including multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). In this study, we hypothesized that KJD leads to beneficial cartilage-anabolic and anti-catabolic changes in joint-resident MSCs and investigated gene expression profiles of synovial fluid (SF) MSCs following KJD as compared with baseline. To obtain further insights into the effects of local biomechanics on MSCs present in late OA joints, SF MSC gene expression was studied in a separate OA arthroplasty cohort and compared with subchondral bone (SB) MSCs from medial (more loaded) and lateral (less loaded) femoral condyles from the same joints. In OA arthroplasty cohort (n = 12 patients), SF MSCs expressed lower levels of ossification- and hypotrophy-related genes [bone sialoprotein (IBSP), parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)] than did SB MSCs. Interestingly, SF MSCs expressed 5- to 50-fold higher levels of transcripts for classical extracellular matrix turnover molecules matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3), all (p < 0.05) potentially indicating greater cartilage remodeling ability of OA SF MSCs, compared with SB MSCs. In KJD cohort (n = 9 patients), joint off-loading resulted in sustained, significant increase in SF MSC colonies’ sizes and densities and a notable transcript upregulation of key cartilage core protein aggrecan (ACAN) (weeks 3 and 6), as well as reduction in pro-inflammatory C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression (weeks 3 and 6). Additionally, early KJD changes (week 3) were marked by significant increases in MSC chondrogenic commitment markers gremlin 1 (GREM1) and growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5). In combination, our results reveal distinct transcriptomes on joint-resident MSCs from different biomechanical environments and show that 6-week joint off-loading leads to transcriptional changes in SF MSCs that may be beneficial for cartilage regeneration. Biomechanical factors should be certainly considered in the development of novel MSC-based therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences department, CIBER-BBN, Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC)-Centre of Advanced Scientific Researches (CICA), University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ala Altaie
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mastbergen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Baboolal
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Floris Lafeber
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hemant Pandit
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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33
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Bedoui Y, Lebeau G, Guillot X, Dargai F, Guiraud P, Neal JW, Ralandison S, Gasque P. Emerging Roles of Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Synovial Joint Inflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:838-851. [PMID: 32964324 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the significant advances in our understanding of the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations in bone marrow (BM), little is known about the MSCs that are resident in the synovial joint and their possible roles in the tissue homeostasis, chronic inflammation as well as in repair. Neural crest is a transient embryonic structure, generating multipotential MSC capable of migrating along peripheral nerves and blood vessels to colonize most tissue types. In adult, these MSC can provide functional stromal support as a stem cell niche for lymphocyte progenitors for instance in the BM and the thymus. Critically, MSC have major immunoregulatory activities to control adverse inflammation and infection. These MSC will remain associated to vessels (perivascular (p) MSC) and their unique expression of markers such as myelin P0 and transcription factors (e.g. Gli1 and FoxD1) has been instrumental to develop transgenic mice to trace the fate of these cells in health and disease conditions. Intriguingly, recent investigations of chronic inflammatory diseases argue for an emerging role of pMSC in several pathological processes. In response to tissue injuries and with the release of host cell debris (e.g. alarmins), pMSC can detach from vessels and proliferate to give rise to either lipofibroblasts, osteoblasts involved in the ossification of arteries and myofibroblasts contributing to fibrosis. This review will discuss currently available data that suggest a role of pMSC in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis of the synovial tissue and joints. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bedoui
- Unité de recherche EPI (Etudes Pharmacoimmunologiques), Université de la Réunion, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- Unité de recherche EPI (Etudes Pharmacoimmunologiques), Université de la Réunion, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Xavier Guillot
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Bellepierre, Felix Guyon et Unité de recherche EPI, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Farouk Dargai
- Chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie, CHU Bellepierre, Felix Guyon, St Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Unité de recherche EPI (Etudes Pharmacoimmunologiques), Université de la Réunion, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Jim W Neal
- Infection and Immunity, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Stéphane Ralandison
- Service de Rhumatologie- Médecine Interne, CHU Morafeno, Toamasina, Madagascar
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de recherche EPI (Etudes Pharmacoimmunologiques), Université de la Réunion, 97400, St Denis, La Réunion, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Laboratoire d'Immunologique Clinique et expérimentale ZOI, LICE-OI, CHU Bellepierre, Felix Guyon, St Denis, La Réunion, France.
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34
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Li N, Gao J, Mi L, Zhang G, Zhang L, Zhang N, Huo R, Hu J, Xu K. Synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells: past life, current situation, and application in bone and joint diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:381. [PMID: 32894205 PMCID: PMC7487958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from not only bone marrow, but also various adult mesenchymal tissues such as periosteum, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs from different tissue sources have different molecular phenotypes and differentiation potential. Synovial membrane (SM) is an important and highly specific component of synovial joints. Previous studies have suggested that the synovium is a structure with a few cell layers thick and consists mainly of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which forms a layer that lining the synovial membrane on the joint cavity and synovial fluid through cell-cell contact. In recent years, studies have found that there are also mesenchymal stem cells in the synovium, and as an important part of the mesenchymal stem cell family, it has strong capabilities of cartilage forming and tissue repairing. This article reviews the sources, surface markers, subtypes, influencing factors, and applications in inflammatory joints of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (SM-MSCs) in recent years, aiming to clarify the research status and existing problems of SM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Liangyu Mi
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Gailian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongxiu Huo
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Rheumatology, Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
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35
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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36
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Morphological changes in synovial mesenchymal stem cells during their adhesion to the meniscus. J Transl Med 2020; 100:916-927. [PMID: 32238905 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for transplantation because of their high chondrogenic potential, especially in areas like the meniscus of the knee. A synovial MSC suspension placed onto the meniscus for 10 min promoted healing of repaired meniscal tears that generally do not heal. Here, we quantified the proportion of human synovial MSCs that adhered to a porcine abraded meniscus, clarified their morphological changes, and revealed the mechanism by which the synovial MSCs adhered to the meniscus. The numbers of adhering cells at immediately after 10, 60 min and 6, 24 h after suspension placement were calculated. The meniscus surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and 50 cells were randomly selected at each time period, classified, and quantified for each of the six donors. Approximately 28% of the synovial MSCs immediately adhered to the meniscus after placement and the proportion of adhered cells increased further with time. All cells maintained a round shape for 60 min, and then transformed to a mixture of round and semi-flattened cells. By 24 h, flattened cells covered the meniscus. Microspikes were observed in 36% of the floating synovial MSCs and in 76% of the cells on the meniscus shortly after placement on the meniscus, then the proportion of cells with pseudopodia increased. The bleb-dominant cell proportion significantly decreased, and the smooth-dominant cell proportion increased within 60 min. Microspikes or the bodies of synovial MSCs were trapped by meniscal fibers immediately after placement. The proportion of adhered cells increased with time, and the cell morphology changed dynamically for 24 h as the synovial MSCs adhered to the meniscus. The MSCs in the round morphological state had a heterogeneous morphology. The microspikes, and the subsequent development of pseudopodia, may play an important role in adhesion onto the meniscus.
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Khan MR, Smith RK, David F, Lam R, Hughes G, De Godoy R, Carr AJ, Goodship AE, Dudhia J. Evaluation of the Effects of Synovial Multipotent Cells on Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Repair in a Large Animal Model of Intra-Synovial Tendinopathy. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:128-138. [PMID: 31329308 PMCID: PMC6973225 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intra-synovial tendon injuries are a common orthopedic problem with limited treatment options. The synovium is a specialized connective tissue forming the inner encapsulating lining of diarthrodial joints and intra-synovial tendons. It contains multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells that render it a viable source of progenitors for tendon repair. This study evaluated the effects of autologous implantation of cells derived from normal synovium (synovial membrane cells [SMCs]) in augmenting repair in an ovine model of intra-synovial tendon injury. For this purpose, synovial biopsies were taken from the right digital flexor tendon sheath following creation of a defect to the lateral deep digital flexor tendon. Mononuclear cells were isolated by partial enzymatic digestion and assessed for MSC characteristics. Cell tracking and tendon repair were assessed by implanting 5 × 106 cells into the digital flexor tendon sheath under ultrasound guidance with the effects evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Synovial biopsies yielded an average 4.0 × 105 ± 2.7 × 105 SMCs that exhibited a fibroblastic morphology, variable osteogenic, and adipogenic responses but were ubiquitously strongly chondrogenic. SMCs displayed high expression of CD29 with CD271NEGATIVE and MHC-IILOW cell-surface marker profiles, and variable expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, and MHC-I. Implanted SMCs demonstrated engraftment within the synovium, though a lack of repair of the tendon lesion over 24 weeks was observed. We conclude healthy synovium is a viable source of multipotent cells, but that the heterogeneity of synovium underlies the variability between different SMC populations, which while capable of engraftment and persistence within the synovium exhibit limited capacity of influencing tendon repair. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:128-138, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Khan
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Roger K. Smith
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Frederic David
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard Lam
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
| | - Roberta De Godoy
- Writtle Agricultural CollegeLordship RoadChelmsfordEssexCM1 3RRUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX3 7LDUnited Kingdom
| | - Allen E. Goodship
- UCL Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science (IOMS)StanmoreHA7 4LPUnited Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeHawkshead LaneHertfordshireAL9 7TAUnited Kingdom
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Koevoet WJLM, Hakimiyan AA, Sande M, Farrell E, Hoogduijn MJ, Verhaar JAN, Chubinskaya S, Bühring HJ, van Osch GJVM. Cell-surface markers identify tissue resident multipotential stem/stromal cell subsets in synovial intimal and sub-intimal compartments with distinct chondrogenic properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1831-1840. [PMID: 31536814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovium contains multipotent progenitor/stromal cells (MPCs) with potential to participate in cartilage repair. Understanding the identity of these MPCs will allow their therapeutic potential to be fully exploited. Hence this study aimed to identify primary synovial MPCs and characterize them in the context of cartilage regeneration. METHODS Primary MPC/MPC-subset specific markers in synovium were identified by FACS analysis of uncultured cells. MPC-subsets from human synovium obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were FACS sorted, cultured, immunophenotyped and chondrogenically differentiated. The anatomical localization of MPCs in synovium was examined using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the presence of these MPC subsets in healthy synovium obtained from human organ donors was examined. RESULTS A combination of CD45, CD31, CD73 and CD90 can isolate two distinct MPC-subsets in synovium. These MPC-subsets, freshly isolated from synovium, did not express CD45 or CD31, but expressed CD73. Additionally, a sub-population of CD73+ cells also expressed CD90. CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90- cells were significantly more chondrogenic than CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90+ cells in the presence of TGFβ1. Interestingly, reduced chondrogenic ability of CD73+CD90+ cells could be reversed by the addition of BMP2, showing discrete chondrogenic factor requirements by distinct cell-subsets. In addition, these MPCs had distinct anatomical localization; CD73 was expressed both in intimal and sub-intimal region while CD90 was enriched in the sub-intimal region. We further demonstrated that these subsets are also present in healthy synovium. CONCLUSIONS We provide indications that primary MPCs in synovial intima and sub-intima are phenotypically and functionally distinct with different chondrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasubramaniyan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A A Hakimiyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sande
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H-J Bühring
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mizuno M, Katano H, Shimozaki Y, Sanami S, Ozeki N, Koga H, Sekiya I. Time-lapse image analysis for whole colony growth curves and daily distribution of the cell number per colony during the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16835. [PMID: 31728017 PMCID: PMC6856116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells from the synovium (synovial MSCs) are attractive for cartilage and meniscus regeneration therapy. We developed a software program that can distinguish individual colonies and automatically count the cell number per colony using time-lapse images. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of the software and analyzed colony formation in cultured synovial MSCs. Time-lapse image data were obtained for 14-day-expanded human synovial MSCs. The cell number per colony (for 145 colonies) was automatically counted from phase-contrast and nuclear-stained images. Colony growth curves from day 1 to day 14 (for 140 colonies) were classified using cluster analysis. Correlation analysis of the distribution of the cell number per colony at 14 days versus that number at 1–14 days revealed a correlation at 7 and 14 days. We obtained accurate cell number counts from phase-contrast images. Individual colony growth curves were classified into three main groups and subgroups. Our image analysis software has the potential to improve the evaluation of cell proliferation and to facilitate successful clinical applications using MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Shimozaki
- Research & Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Sanami
- Research & Development Center, Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan.
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Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells by epigenetically inhibiting TRIB2 via methyltransferase EZH2. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109379. [PMID: 31376524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent skeletal disease. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived cartilage tissue engineering is a clinical method used for OA treatment. Investigations on the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the chondrogenic differentiation of synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells(SMSCs) will help promote its clinical applications. In this study, bioinformatics analysis from three different databases indicated that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 may regulate the chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs by targeting TRIB2. We then performed assays and found that both knockdown of MEG3 or overexpression of TRIB2 can stimulate the chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs and increase Col2A1 and aggrecan expression. Knockdown of MEG3 can induce the expression of TRIB2; conversely, overexpression of MEG3 can inhibit the expression of TRIB2. Futhermore, knockdown of the TRIB2 can rescue the MEG3 silencing-mediated promotion of chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation(RIP) and RNA pull-down assays demonstrated that MEG3 can interact with EZH2, thus recruiting it to induce H3K27me3, which promotes the methylation of TRIB2 by binding with the promoter of TRIB2 in SMSCs. Additionally, EZH2 silencing significantly rescued the MEG3 overexpression-mediated inhibition of TRIB2 expression and chondrogenic differentiation of SMSCs. Taken together, these data indicated that MEG3 regulates chondrogenic differentiation by inhibiting TRIB2 expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3.
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Fujisawa R, Mizuno M, Katano H, Otabe K, Ozeki N, Tsuji K, Koga H, Sekiya I. Cryopreservation in 95% serum with 5% DMSO maintains colony formation and chondrogenic abilities in human synovial mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:316. [PMID: 31279341 PMCID: PMC6612159 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage and meniscus regeneration. The optimum cryopreservation medium has not been determined, but dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) should be excluded, if possible, because of its toxicity. The purposes of our study were to examine the possible benefits of higher concentrations of serum and the effectiveness of 100% serum (without DMSO) for the cryopreservation of synovial MSCs. Methods Human synovium was harvested from the knees of four donors with osteoarthritis during total knee arthroplasty. Synovial MSCs (8 × 105 cells) were suspended in 400 μL medium and used as a Time 0 control. The same number of synovial MSCs was also suspended in 400 μL α-MEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (5% DMSO, and 1% antibiotic), 95% FBS (and 5% DMSO), or 100% FBS (no DMSO) and cryopreserved at − 80 °C for 7 days. After thawing, the cell suspensions (1.5 μL; 3 × 103 cells) were cultured in 60 cm2 dishes for 14 days for colony formation assays. Additional 62.5 μL samples of cell suspensions (1.25 × 105 cells) were added to tubes and cultured for 21 days for chondrogenesis assays. Results Colony numbers were significantly higher in the Time 0 and 95% FBS groups than in the 10% FBS group (n = 24). Colony numbers were much lower in the 100% FBS group than in the other three groups. The cell numbers per dish reflected the colony numbers. Cartilage pellet weights were significantly heavier in the 95% FBS group than in the 10% FBS group, whereas no difference was observed between the Time 0 and the 95% FBS groups (n = 24). No cartilage pellets formed at all in the 100% FBS group. Conclusion Synovial MSCs cryopreserved in 95% FBS with 5% DMSO maintained their colony formation and chondrogenic abilities to the same levels as observed in the cells before cryopreservation. Synovial MSCs cryopreserved in 100% FBS lost their colony formation and chondrogenic abilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-019-2700-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Fujisawa
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Otabe
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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Synovium-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and their Promise for Cartilage Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1212:87-106. [PMID: 31069722 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult tissues are reservoirs of rare populations of cells known as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) that have tissue-regenerating features retained from embryonic development. As well as building up the musculoskeletal system in early life, MSCs also replenish and repair tissues in adult life, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. Cells that show regenerative features at least in vitro have been identified from several connective tissues. Bone marrow and adipose tissue are the most well recognized sources of MSCs that are already used widely in clinical practice. Regenerative medicine aims to exploit MSCs and their tissue regeneration even though the underlying mechanisms for their beneficial effects are largely unknown. Despite many studies that have used various tissue-derived MSCs, the most effective tissue source for orthopedic procedures still remains to be identified. Another question that needs to be addressed is how to evaluate autologous MSCs (i.e., patient derived). Previous studies have suggested the features of bone-marrow-derived MSCs can differ widely between individuals, and can be changed in particular in patients suffering from some forms of degenerative disorder, such as osteoarthritis. The synovium is a thin membrane that protects the synovial joints, and it is a rich source of MSCs that show great potential for regenerative medicine. Here, we review synovium-derived MSCs from reports on basic and clinical studies. We discuss their potential to treat cartilage defects caused by either degeneration or trauma, and what needs to be done in further research toward their better exploitation for joint regeneration.
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Kouroupis D, Sanjurjo-Rodriguez C, Jones E, Correa D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Functionalization for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:55-77. [PMID: 30165783 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Culture expansion of MSCs has detrimental effects on various cell characteristics and attributes (e.g., phenotypic changes and senescence), which, in addition to inherent interdonor variability, negatively impact the standardization and reproducibility of their therapeutic potential. The identification of innate distinct functional MSC subpopulations, as well as the description of ex vivo protocols aimed at maintaining phenotypes and enhancing specific functions have the potential to overcome these limitations. The incorporation of those approaches into cell-based therapy would significantly impact the field, as more reproducible clinical outcomes may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,2 Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Clara Sanjurjo-Rodriguez
- 3 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, Saint James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medicine and Physiotherapy, University of A Coruña, CIBER-BBN-Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena Jones
- 3 Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disease, Saint James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Correa
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,2 Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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