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Williams ZJ, Pezzanite LM, Chow L, Rockow M, Dow SW. Evaluation of stem-cell therapies in companion animal disease models: a concise review (2015-2023). Stem Cells 2024; 42:677-705. [PMID: 38795363 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Companion animals in veterinary medicine develop multiple naturally occurring diseases analogous to human conditions. We previously reported a comprehensive review on the feasibility, safety, and biologic activity of using novel stem cell therapies to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions in dogs and cats (2008-2015) [Hoffman AM, Dow SW. Concise review: stem cell trials using companion animal disease models. Stem Cells. 2016;34(7):1709-1729. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2377]. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of current studies in companion animal disease models that have evaluated stem cell therapeutics that are relevant to human disease. Here we have reviewed the literature from 2015 to 2023 for publications on stem cell therapies that have been evaluated in companion animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. The review excluded case reports or studies performed in experimentally induced models of disease, studies involving cancer, or studies in purpose-bred laboratory species such as rodents. We identified 45 manuscripts meeting these criteria, an increase from 19 that were described in the previous review [Hoffman AM, Dow SW. Concise review: stem cell trials using companion animal disease models. Stem Cells. 2016;34(7):1709-1729. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.2377]. The majority of studies were performed in dogs (n = 28), with additional studies in horses (n = 9) and cats (n = 8). Disease models included those related to musculoskeletal disease (osteoarthritis and tendon/ligament injury), neurologic disease (canine cognitive dysfunction, intervertebral disc disease, spinal cord injury) gingival/dental disease (gingivostomatitis), dermatologic disease (atopic dermatitis), chronic multi-drug resistant infections, ophthalmic disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, eosinophilic keratitis, immune-mediated keratitis), cardiopulmonary disease (asthma, degenerative valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy), gastrointestinal disease (inflammatory bowel disease, chronic enteropathy), and renal disease (chronic kidney disease). The majority of studies reported beneficial responses to stem cell treatment, with the exception of those related to more chronic processes such as spinal cord injury and chronic kidney disease. However, it should also be noted that 22 studies were open-label, baseline-controlled trials and only 12 studies were randomized and controlled, making overall study interpretation difficult. As noted in the previous review, improved regulatory oversight and consistency in manufacturing of stem cell therapies are needed. Enhanced understanding of the temporal course of disease processes using advanced-omics approaches may further inform mechanisms of action and help define appropriate timing of interventions. Future directions of stem-cell-based therapies could include use of stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles, or cell conditioning approaches to direct cells to specific pathways that are tailored to individual disease processes and stages of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë J Williams
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Lynn M Pezzanite
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Meagan Rockow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
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Coelho JC, Duarte N, Bento da Silva A, Bronze MDR, Mestrinho LA. Placebo-Controlled Trial of Daily Oral Cannabidiol as Adjunctive Treatment for Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2716. [PMID: 37684980 PMCID: PMC10487179 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A placebo-controlled study evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of a commercially available cannabidiol (CBD) oral formulation as an adjunctive treatment for pain management for feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS). CBD was included in a multimodal treatment routinely performed on client-owned cats with FCGS that were submitted to dental extractions. Twenty-two cats were consecutively included in the study. The first group was treated using a fixed dosage of 4 mg per cat every 12 h for 15 consecutive days, and the second received a placebo of similar features. Treatments began 2 h before dental extractions. Pain and disease severity were assessed at days 0 and 15 using the Composite Oral Pain Scale (COPS-C/F) and the Stomatitis Disease Activity Index score (SDAI). Weight, vital and biochemistry parameters, and analgesic reinforcement needs were also registered at the same time points. In the treated cats, blood was collected after 4, 8, and 12 h to determine CBD serum concentrations using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). After data analysis using mixed models, a significant improvement in the SDAI scores of cats medicated with CBD was found. The protocol is safe since severe adverse effects and biochemical changes were not observed during the treatment period. This study suggests that the cats benefited from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Chambel Coelho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Noélia Duarte
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (N.D.); (A.B.d.S.)
- DCFM—Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, FFULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Andreia Bento da Silva
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (N.D.); (A.B.d.S.)
- DCFM—Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, FFULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Maria do Rosário Bronze
- DCFM—Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, FFULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
- IBET—Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Quinta-do-Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Apartado 12, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lisa Alexandra Mestrinho
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal;
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- All4AnimalS—Laboratório Associado para a Ciência Animal e Veterinária, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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3
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Peralta S, Grenier JK, Webb SM, Miller AD, Miranda IC, Parker JSL. Transcriptomic signatures of feline chronic gingivostomatitis are influenced by upregulated IL6. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13437. [PMID: 37596310 PMCID: PMC10439118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a relatively common and debilitating disease characterized by bilateral inflammation and ulceration of the caudal oral mucosa, alveolar and buccal mucosa, and varying degrees of periodontal disease. The etiopathogenesis of FCGS remains unresolved. In this study, we performed bulk RNA-seq molecular profiling of affected tissues derived from a cohort of client-owned cats with FCGS compared to tissues from unaffected animals, to identify candidate genes and pathways that can help guide future exploration of novel clinical solutions. We complemented transcriptomic findings with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays to better understand the biological significance of the results and performed RNA-seq validation of biologically relevant differentially expressed genes using qPCR assays to demonstrate technical reproducibility. Transcriptomic profiles of oral mucosal tissues in cats with FCGS are enriched with immune- and inflammation-related genes and pathways that appear to be largely influenced by IL6, and include NFKB, JAK/STAT, IL-17 and IFN type I and II signaling, offering new opportunities to develop novel clinical applications based on a more rational understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Clinical Programs Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Box 31, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Jennifer K Grenier
- Transcriptional Regulation and Expression Facility, Biotechnology Resource Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Suzin M Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ileana C Miranda
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John S L Parker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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4
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Soltero-Rivera M, Goldschmidt S, Arzi B. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis current concepts in clinical management. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231186834. [PMID: 37548475 PMCID: PMC10811996 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231186834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating disease for cats and a challenge for veterinarians and cat caregivers alike. Recent literature indicates that the disease is immune-mediated in nature and likely associated with a chronic viral infection in patients with higher alpha diversity of their subgingival microbiome. The immune-mediated nature of FCGS includes both local as well as systemic effects, and the transcriptomic analysis of affected patients supports these findings. TREATMENT OPTIONS Localized therapy in the form of surgical extraction of all, or nearly all, teeth continues to be the mainstay of treatment. For cats that do not respond to surgical management, medical management, in the form of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory therapy, remains an option. Analgesia is of fundamental importance. Immunomodulation utilizing mesenchymal stromal cell therapy provides an alternative treatment avenue for refractory patients and likely targets the chronic viral infection present in this disease. The potential for treatment stratification and use of novel systemic treatment options may be revealed as the molecular pathways involved in this disease are better described. AIMS This review outlines current and emerging concepts linking available science pertaining to FCGS and clinical management of the disease. EVIDENCE BASE The article draws on the best evidence base at this juncture and is also driven by the authors' collective experience of working on the disease for over a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Goldschmidt
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; and Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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5
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Fontes AC, Vieira MC, Oliveira M, Lourenço L, Viegas C, Faísca P, Seixas F, Requicha JF, Pires MA. Feline calicivirus and natural killer cells: A study of its relationship in chronic gingivostomatitis. Vet World 2023; 16:1708-1713. [PMID: 37766702 PMCID: PMC10521170 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1708-1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a frequent chronic inflammatory condition in the oral cavity with an etiopathogenesis not completely identified. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of FCGS by identifying the presence of feline calicivirus (FCV) antigens and natural killer (NK) cells and comparing them. Materials and Methods Forty biopsies from the oral mucosa of cats diagnosed with chronic gingivostomatitis were subjected to immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate cells with FCV antigens and NK cells positive for CD56. Results NK cells were identified in all samples, with an average of 725.3 ± 409.1 cells. Regarding FCV, it was identified in 18 out of 30 samples (60%), with a different number of cells with virus in between the analyzed cases. In all cases, the number of cells infected with FCV was lower than the number of NK cells present in the same samples, but there was no statistical association between them. Conclusion This preliminary study shows that NK cells are present in gingivostomatitis lesions not exclusively caused by FCV-stimulus, as only 60% of all cases were positive for this virus, but other antigens should be considered in the etiology of FCGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Fontes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Vieira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Marcela Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lígia Lourenço
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) and AL4AnimalS, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faísca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Research Centre for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
- DNAtech, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) and AL4AnimalS, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - João F. Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) and AL4AnimalS, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria A. Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) and AL4AnimalS, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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6
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Rivas IL, Soltero-Rivera M, Vapniarsky N, Arzi B. Stromal cell therapy in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis: current perspectives and future direction. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231185395. [PMID: 37548494 PMCID: PMC10811994 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231185395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful, immune-mediated, oral mucosal inflammatory disease in cats. The etiology of FCGS remains unclear, with evidence pointing potentially toward a viral cause. Full-mouth tooth extraction is the current standard of care, and cats that are non-responsive to extraction therapy may need lifelong medical management and, in some cases, euthanasia. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (adMSCs) have been demonstrated to have advantages in the treatment and potentially the cure of non-responsive FCGS in cats. Therefore, adMSCs have attracted a series of ongoing clinical trials in the past decade. AdMSC therapy immediately after full-mouth tooth extraction was not explored, and we postulate that it may benefit the overall success rate of FCGS therapy. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge and impact of adMSCs for the therapeutic management of FCGS and to suggest a novel modified approach to further increase the efficacy of FCGS treatment in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris L Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Soltero-Rivera
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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7
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Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050348. [PMID: 37235430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as the major endocrine organ, potentially acting as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for various applications in regenerative medicine. Athletic horses are often exposed to traumatic injuries, resulting in severe financial losses. The development of adipose-derived stem cells' regenerative potential depends on many factors. The extraction of stem cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue is non-invasive, non-traumatic, cheaper, and safer than other sources. Since there is a lack of unique standards for identification, the isolated cells and applied differentiation protocols are often not species-specific; therefore, the cells cannot reveal their multipotent properties, so their stemness features remain questionable. The current review discusses some aspects of the specificity of equine adipose stem cells concerning their features, immunophenotyping, secretome profile, differentiation abilities, culturing conditions, and consequent possibilities for clinical application in concrete disorders. The presented new approaches elucidate the possibility of the transition from cell-based to cell-free therapy with regenerative purposes in horses as an alternative treatment to cellular therapy. In conclusion, their clinical benefits should not be underestimated due to the higher yield and the physiological properties of adipose-derived stem cells that facilitate the healing and tissue regeneration process and the ability to amplify the effects of traditional treatments. More profound studies are necessary to apply these innovative approaches when treating traumatic disorders in racing horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
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8
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Peralta S, Grenier JK, Webb SM, Miller AD, Miranda IC, Parker JSL. Transcriptomic signatures of feline chronic gingivostomatitis are influenced by upregulated IL6. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2852140. [PMID: 37205490 PMCID: PMC10187381 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2852140/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a relatively common and debilitating disease characterized by bilateral inflammation and ulceration of the caudal oral mucosa, alveolar and buccal mucosa, and varying degrees of periodontal disease. The etiopathogenesis of FCGS remains unresolved. In this study, we performed bulk RNA-seq molecular profiling of affected tissues derived from a cohort of client-owned cats with FCGS compared to tissues from unaffected animals, to identify candidate genes and pathways that can help guide future exploration of novel clinical solutions. We complemented transcriptomic findings with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays to better understand the biological significance of the results and performed RNA-seq validation of selected differentially expressed genes using qPCR assays to demonstrate technical reproducibility. Transcriptomic profiles of oral mucosal tissues in cats with FCGS are enriched with immune- and inflammation-related genes and pathways that appear to be largely influenced by IL6 , and include NFKB, JAK/STAT, IL-17 and IFN type I and II signaling, offering new opportunities to develop novel clinical applications based on a more rational understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ileana C Miranda
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, The Rockefeller University
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9
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Soltero-Rivera M, Groborz S, Janeczek M, Kornicka J, Wierzgon M, Arzi B, Marycz K. Gingiva-derived Stromal Cells Isolated from Cats Affected with Tooth Resorption Exhibit Increased Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress while Experiencing Deteriorated Expansion and Anti-Oxidative Defense. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10537-x. [PMID: 37039946 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (GMSCs) are multipotent cells characterized by multilineage differentiation potential, proliferative expansion, and unique immunomodulatory ability, making them attractive as a new treatment of periodontal regeneration. In this study, GMSCs obtained from the gingiva of healthy cats (HE) as well as from cats affected by tooth resorption (TR) were isolated and characterized. Feline GMSCs (fGMSCs) from HE patients exhibited fibroblast-like morphology, developed cellular body, specific growth pattern, high expansion, and proliferative potential as well as reduced senescence signature. fGMSCs demonstrated high s-100 and IL-10 positive cells, while simultaneously having low activity of IL-1. Moreover, high activity of ki-67 combined with reduced senescence markers were noted. In comparison, GMSCs from cats with TR exhibited enlarged nuclei and flat, irregular shape along with increased expression of CD44, s-100 and CD45 and downregulation of CD73. GMSCs from TR cats showed lower ability to form colonies, increased incidence of apoptosis, higher number of senescent cells, and reduced cell migration. Upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also noted in the TR group along with lower expression of mTOR and miR-17 and upregulation of miR-378. Mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis and antioxidant properties are also negatively impacted in this group. Collectively, our findings suggest that GMSCs isolated from the gingiva of cats affected with TR have deteriorated functionality caused by impaired proliferation and growth and possibly mediated via mitochondrial dysfunction. fGMSCs or their EV's should be further investigated for their role in the pathophysiology of TR in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soltero-Rivera
- Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sylwia Groborz
- International Institute of Translational Medicine (MIMT), Jesionowa 16 Str, 55-114, Wisznia Mala, Poland
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Kornicka
- International Institute of Translational Medicine (MIMT), Jesionowa 16 Str, 55-114, Wisznia Mala, Poland
| | - Monika Wierzgon
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kozuchowska 1/3, 51-631, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- International Institute of Translational Medicine (MIMT), Jesionowa 16 Str, 55-114, Wisznia Mala, Poland.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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10
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Febre M, Saulnier N, Roux P, Boutoille F, Girard N, Robert C, Rakic R, Rosset E, Maddens S. Placenta‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells as a treatment for refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in cats: eight cases (2018). J Small Anim Pract 2022; 64:296-305. [PMID: 36573276 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this case series was to collect preliminary data on safety and efficacy of treating cats suffering from refractory feline chronic gingivostomatitis with a single intravenous therapy of cryopreserved placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We planned the prospective inclusion of cats suffering from refractory chronic gingivostomatitis in three veterinary clinics. All cats received a single infusion of 10×106 cryopreserved cells. Follow-up evaluations were done at day 15 and at 2-, 3- and 6-months following infusion. Clinical disease severity was evaluated by dental specialists using a published stomatitis disease activity index scoring system coupled with an owners' assessment questionnaire. RESULTS All eight cats attended all follow up visits. Cryopreserved ready-to-use placenta-derived cells administered systemically were safe and resulted in notable clinical improvement in all cats as reported by stomatitis disease activity index scoring and owner's survey. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Infusion of cryopreserved freshly thawed placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells appears to promote clinical and consequently behavioural benefits in cats with refractory chronic gingivostomatitis after having undergone full-mouth or premolar-molar tooth extraction. Future randomised studies are required to confirm safety and efficacy of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Febre
- Vetbiobank SASMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
| | | | - P. Roux
- DentovetLausanne, SuisseSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | - R. Rakic
- Vetbiobank SASMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
| | - E. Rosset
- CHUVAC—VetAgro sup‐campus vétérinaireMarcy‐l'ÉtoileFrance
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11
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El-Husseiny HM, Mady EA, Helal MAY, Tanaka R. The Pivotal Role of Stem Cells in Veterinary Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. Vet Sci 2022; 9:648. [PMID: 36423096 PMCID: PMC9698002 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of new regenerative therapeutic modalities in the veterinary practice has recently picked up a lot of interest. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with a high capacity to self-renew and develop into tissue cells with specific roles. Hence, they are an effective therapeutic option to ameliorate the ability of the body to repair and engineer damaged tissues. Currently, based on their facile isolation and culture procedures and the absence of ethical concerns with their use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising stem cell type for therapeutic applications. They are becoming more and more well-known in veterinary medicine because of their exceptional immunomodulatory capabilities. However, their implementation on the clinical scale is still challenging. These limitations to their use in diverse affections in different animals drive the advancement of these therapies. In the present article, we discuss the ability of MSCs as a potent therapeutic modality for the engineering of different animals' tissues including the heart, skin, digestive system (mouth, teeth, gastrointestinal tract, and liver), musculoskeletal system (tendons, ligaments, joints, muscles, and nerves), kidneys, respiratory system, and eyes based on the existing knowledge. Moreover, we highlighted the promises of the implementation of MSCs in clinical use in veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M. El-Husseiny
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mady
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Y. Helal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Antiviral Effects of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome against Feline Calicivirus and Feline Herpesvirus Type 1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081687. [PMID: 36016308 PMCID: PMC9415135 DOI: 10.3390/v14081687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have excellent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities and therapeutic effects in some viral diseases. The therapeutic impact of MSCs mainly relies on the paracrine effects of various secreted substances. Feline calicivirus (FCV) and feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV1) are common and highly prevalent pathogens causing upper respiratory diseases, and FCV is associated with gingivostomatitis in cats. Recently, feline MSC treatment has been reported to improve the clinical symptoms of feline chronic gingivostomatitis, but the antiviral effects of feline MSCs on FCV and FHV1 are not known. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of using feline MSC secretome as a conditioned medium on FCV and FHV1 viral replication in Crandell–Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells, and RNA sequencing was used to analyze how the CRFK cells were altered by the MSC secretomes. The feline MSC secretome did not inhibit FCV or FHV1 viral entry into the CRFK cells but had antiviral effects on the replication of both FCV and FHV1 in a dose-dependent manner.
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13
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Creamer DG, Schmiedt CW, Bullington AC, Caster CM, Schmiedt JM, Hurley DJ, Berghaus RD. Influence of exposure to microbial ligands, immunosuppressive drugs and chronic kidney disease on endogenous immunomodulatory gene expression in feline adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e43-e56. [PMID: 35302413 PMCID: PMC11104253 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221083074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for immunomodulatory activity, but the functional impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD), concurrent immunosuppressive drug administration or infection is unknown. The study objectives compare endogenous cytokine gene expression (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-18 and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) in adipose-derived MSCs (aMSCs) from cats with and without CKD, following in vitro exposure to microbial ligands and treatment with common immunosuppressive drugs. METHODS Previously obtained aMSCs, phenotype CD44+, CD90+, CD105+ and MHCII-, from cats with (n = 6) and without (n = 6) CKD were compared via real-time PCR (RT-PCR) for immunomodulatory gene expression. aMSCs were exposed in vitro to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), simulating bacterial or viral exposure, respectively. aMSCs were also exposed to ciclosporin, dexamethasone or methotrexate. Gene expression was measured using RT-PCR, and Cq was utilized after each run to calculate the delta cycle threshold. RESULTS aMSCs isolated from healthy and CKD cats showed no significant differences in gene expression in the five measured cytokines. No significant changes in measured gene expression after drug treatment or microbial ligand stimulation were observed between normal or CKD affected cats. Proinflammatory genes (IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-18) showed altered expression in aMSCs from both groups when compared with the same cells in standard culture after exposure to methotrexate. Poly I:C altered IL-6 and TGF-β gene expression in aMSCs from both healthy and CKD cats when compared with the same cells in standard culture. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The five genes tested showed no statistical differences between aMSCs from healthy or CKD cats. There was altered cytokine gene expression between the control and treatment groups of both healthy and CKD cats suggesting feline aMSCs have altered function with immunosuppressive treatment or microbial ligand exposure. Although the current clinical relevance of this pilot study comparing brief exposure to select agents in vitro in aMSCs from a small number of cats is unknown, the study highlights a need for continued investigation into the effects of disease and concurrent therapies on use of cell-based therapies in feline patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Creamer
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Chad W Schmiedt
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anna Claire Bullington
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Courtney M Caster
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Schmiedt
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David J Hurley
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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14
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Villatoro AJ, Martín-Astorga MDC, Alcoholado C, Kazantseva L, Cárdenas C, Fariñas F, Becerra J, Visser R. Secretory Profile of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cats with Calicivirus-Positive Severe Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061146. [PMID: 35746618 PMCID: PMC9228153 DOI: 10.3390/v14061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The feline calicivirus (FCV) causes infections in cats all over the world and seems to be related to a broad variety of clinical presentations, such as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a severe oral pathology in cats. Although its etiopathogeny is largely unknown, FCV infection is likely to be a main predisposing factor for developing this pathology. During recent years, new strategies for treating FCGS have been proposed, based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The main mechanism of action of MSC seems to be paracrine, due to the secretion of many biomolecules with different biological functions (secretome). Currently, several pathologies in humans have been shown to be related to functional alterations of the patient’s MSCs. However, the possible roles that altered MSCs might have in different diseases, including virus-mediated diseases, remain unknown. We have recently demonstrated that the exosomes produced by the adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from cats suffering from FCV-positive severe and refractory FCGS showed altered protein contents. Based on these findings, the goal of this work was to analyze the proteomic profile of the secretome produced by feline adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from FCV-positive patients with FCGS, in order to identify differences between them and to increase our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry and functional enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology to compare the secretomes produced by the fAd-MSCs of healthy and calicivirus-positive FCGS cats. We found that the fAd-MSCs from cats with FCGS had an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an altered proteomic profile compared to the secretome produced by cells from healthy cats. These findings help us gain insight on the roles of MSCs and their possible relation to FCGS, and may be useful for selecting specific biomarkers and for identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J. Villatoro
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Grupo Ynmun, Inmunología Clínica y Terapia Celular (IMMUNESTEM), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Martín-Astorga
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Alcoholado
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Liliya Kazantseva
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
| | - Casimiro Cárdenas
- Research Support Central Services (SCAI) of the University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Fariñas
- Grupo Ynmun, Spanish Association for the Research in Immunological and Infectious Diseases, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - José Becerra
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rick Visser
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.J.V.); (M.d.C.M.-A.); (C.A.); (L.K.); (J.B.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952-131-858
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15
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Arzi B, Nolta JA, Vapniarsky N. The oromaxillofacial region as a model for a one-health approach in regenerative medicine. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:291-297. [PMID: 35175935 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.12.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of a one-health approach in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum in the scientific and public communities in recent years. Knowledge derived from this approach informs innovative biomedical research, clinical trials, and practice. The ultimate goal is to translate regenerative strategies for curing diseases and improving the quality of life in animals and people. Building and fostering strong and enthusiastic interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration between teams with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds is the cornerstone to the success of the one-health approach and translational sciences. The veterinarian's role in conducting clinical trials in client-owned animals with naturally occurring diseases is critical and unique as it may potentially inform human clinical trials. The veterinary regenerative medicine and surgery field is on a steep trajectory of discoveries and innovations. This manuscript focuses on oromaxillofacial-region regeneration to exemplify how the concept of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration and the one-health approach influenced the authors' work experience at the University of California-Davis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Natalia Vapniarsky
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
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16
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Arzi B, Webb TL, Koch TG, Volk SW, Betts DH, Watts A, Goodrich L, Kallos MS, Kol A. Cell Therapy in Veterinary Medicine as a Proof-of-Concept for Human Therapies: Perspectives From the North American Veterinary Regenerative Medicine Association. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:779109. [PMID: 34917671 PMCID: PMC8669438 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.779109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the potential to translate scientific discoveries in the area of regenerative therapeutics in veterinary species to novel, effective human therapies has gained interest from the scientific and public domains. Translational research using a One Health approach provides a fundamental link between basic biomedical research and medical clinical practice, with the goal of developing strategies for curing or preventing disease and ameliorating pain and suffering in companion animals and humans alike. Veterinary clinical trials in client-owned companion animals affected with naturally occurring, spontaneous disease can inform human clinical trials and significantly improve their outcomes. Innovative cell therapies are an area of rapid development that can benefit from non-traditional and clinically relevant animal models of disease. This manuscript outlines cell types and therapeutic applications that are currently being investigated in companion animals that are affected by naturally occurring diseases. We further discuss how such investigations impact translational efforts into the human medical field, including a critical evaluation of their benefits and shortcomings. Here, leaders in the field of veterinary regenerative medicine argue that experience gained through the use of cell therapies in companion animals with naturally occurring diseases represent a unique and under-utilized resource that could serve as a critical bridge between laboratory/preclinical models and successful human clinical trials through a One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tracy L Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Susan W Volk
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ashlee Watts
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, Killeen, TX, United States
| | - Laurie Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Michael S Kallos
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amir Kol
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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17
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Abstract
Severe oral inflammatory disease is not uncommon in the mouths of canine and feline patients. An approach to oral diagnosis is offered. This article discusses a brief review of important points in the oral diagnosis and management of main canine (canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CCUS), eosinophilic stomatitis, and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG)) and feline diseases (feline gingivostomatitis/caudal stomatitis, oral eosinophilic lesions, pyogenic granuloma, and autoimmune diseases with oral manifestations), and-whereby possible-information about the current understanding of disease pathogenesis and treatment is offered.
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18
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A Case Series Analysis of Dental Extractions' Outcome in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis Carrying Retroviral Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113306. [PMID: 34828037 PMCID: PMC8614259 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a chronic, painful, oral inflammatory disease, which can be associated with retroviral disease comorbidity’s, namely feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A total 111 case series of cats affected by this oral disease, treated with dental extractions, were analyzed retrospectively, considering if they carried or not one of these retroviral diseases. Cats with lingual ulcers, independently from their retroviral status, were 2.7 times more prone to have a worse response to dental extractions than cats without lingual ulcers. When compared with cats without retroviral disease, FeLV-positive cats presented less proliferative lesions and tended to have more lingual ulcers. Furthermore, these cats had a significantly worse outcome, with 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement. Abstract This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome after dental extractions of cats with FCGS infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A retrospective case series included cats with diagnosis of FCGS, availability of detailed clinical records, full-mouth dental radiographs, and retroviral disease test results. Effectiveness of surgical treatment (EOT) was registered. Three groups were defined: control, FIV and FeLV. In this study, 111 cats were included: 60 controls, 29 FIV- and 22 FeLV-positive cats. When compared with control cases, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less proliferative stomatitis lesions, and they tended to have more lingual ulcers. Concurrently, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less tooth resorptive lesions. No other significant differences in FCGS clinical signs were found between groups. FeLV-positive cats had a significantly worse outcome after dental extractions compared to the other groups. In fact, FeLV-positive cats had 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement after dental extractions. This study concludes that the response to dental extractions in FeLV-positive cats is significantly worse, when comparing to cats that do not carry retroviral disease. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the effect of FeLV status on the prognosis of these cats.
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19
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Arzi B, Taechangam N, Lommer MJ, Walker NJ, Loscar MR, Borjesson DL. Stem cell therapy prior to full-mouth tooth extraction lacks substantial clinical efficacy in cats affected by chronic gingivostomatitis. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:604-608. [PMID: 33118849 PMCID: PMC10741287 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20967172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to determine the safety, efficacy and immunomodulatory function of systemically administered adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) in cats affected by feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) prior to full-mouth tooth extractions. METHODS Five client-owned cats affected with FCGS that did not undergo full-mouth tooth extractions for FCGS treatment received two intravenous injections of 20 million fresh, allogeneic or autologous ASCs. An oral examination with photographs, a complete blood count, blood immune cell phenotyping and a biochemical profile were completed at 0 and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS Four cats completed the study and one cat exited the study 3 months after treatment. While the treatment was determined to be clinically safe, no positive clinical response was observed in three cats and a mild response was noted in two cats. Furthermore, none of the cats exhibited immune modulation, as evidenced by no alteration in circulating CD8+ T cells, normalization of the CD4:CD8 ratio or neutrophil counts. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Unlike the reported efficacy of ASCs in treating cats with non-responsive FCGS after full-mouth tooth extraction, the systemic administration of ASCs prior to full-mouth tooth extraction lacks substantial clinical efficacy and is not recommended at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA,
USA
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative
Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nopmanee Taechangam
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative
Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA,
USA
| | - Milinda J Lommer
- Department of Surgical and Radiological
Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA,
USA
- Aggie Animal Dental Center, Mill Valley,
CA, USA
| | - Naomi J Walker
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative
Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA,
USA
| | - Megan R Loscar
- William R Pritchard Veterinary Medical
Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- Veterinary Institute for Regenerative
Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology
and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA,
USA
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20
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Fried WA, Soltero-Rivera M, Ramesh A, Lommer MJ, Arzi B, DeRisi JL, Horst JA. Use of unbiased metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between feline calicivirus and feline chronic gingivostomatitis in domestic cats. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:381-394. [PMID: 33904799 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify associations between microbes and host genes in cats with feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a debilitating inflammatory oral mucosal disease with no known cause, compared with healthy cats and cats with periodontitis (control cats). ANIMALS 19 control cats and 23 cats with FCGS. PROCEDURES At least 1 caudal oral mucosal swab specimen was obtained from each cat. Each specimen underwent unbiased metatranscriptomic next-generation RNA sequencing (mNGS). Filtered mNGS reads were aligned to all known genetic sequences from all organisms and to the cat transcriptome. The relative abundances of microbial and host gene read alignments were compared between FCGS-affected cats and control cats and between FCGS-affected cats that did and did not clinically respond to primary treatment. Assembled feline calicivirus (FCV) genomes were compared with reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) primers commonly used to identify FCV. RESULTS The only microbe strongly associated with FCGS was FCV, which was detected in 21 of 23 FCGS-affected cats but no control cats. Problematic base pair mismatches were identified between the assembled FCV genomes and RT-PCR primers. Puma feline foamy virus was detected in 9 of 13 FCGS-affected cats that were refractory to treatment and 5 healthy cats but was not detected in FCGS-affected cats that responded to tooth extractions. The most differentially expressed genes in FCGS-affected cats were those associated with antiviral activity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that FCGS pathogenesis has a viral component. Many FCV strains may yield false-negative results on RT-PCR-based assays. Coinfection of FCGS-affected cats with FCV and puma feline foamy virus may adversely affect response to treatment.
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21
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Voga M, Kovač V, Majdic G. Comparison of Canine and Feline Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Medicinal Signaling Cells With Regard to Cell Surface Marker Expression, Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation Potential. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:610240. [PMID: 33521084 PMCID: PMC7838367 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkable immunomodulatory abilities of mesenchymal stem cells, also called multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells (MSCs), have entailed significant advances in veterinary regenerative medicine in recent years. Despite positive outcomes from MSC therapies in various diseases in dogs and cats, differences in MSC characteristics between small animal veterinary patients are not well-known. We performed a comparative study of cells' surface marker expression, viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) from dogs and domestic cats. The same growth media and methods were used to isolate, characterize, and culture canine and feline ADMSCs. Adipose tissue was collected from 11 dogs and 8 cats of both sexes. The expression of surface markers CD44, CD90, and CD34 was detected by flow cytometry. Viability at passage 3 was measured with the hemocytometer and compared to the viability measured by flow cytometry after 1 day of handling. The proliferation potential of MSCs was measured by calculating cell doubling and cell doubling time from second to eighth passage. Differentiation potential was determined at early and late passages by inducing cells toward adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation using commercial media. Our study shows that the percentage of CD44+CD90+ and CD34−/− cells is higher in cells from dogs than in cells from cats. The viability of cells measured by two different methods at passage 3 differed between the species, and finally, canine ADMSCs possess greater proliferation and differentiation potential in comparison to the feline ADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Voga
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Valerija Kovač
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Majdic
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute for Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Medical Faculty, Institute for Physiology, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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22
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Dye C. Adipose‐derived autologous mesenchymal stem cell transfusion for the treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis in a domestic shorthair cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2020-001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Dye
- Department of Internal MedicinePride Veterinary Centre, Scarsdale Vets LLPDerbyDerbyshireUK
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23
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Vapniarsky N, Simpson DL, Arzi B, Taechangam N, Walker NJ, Garrity C, Bulkeley E, Borjesson DL. Histological, Immunological, and Genetic Analysis of Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:310. [PMID: 32582783 PMCID: PMC7283503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition affecting the oral mucosa that results in substantial pain and suffering. The goal of this study was to complete an in-depth immunohistochemistry analysis of affected FCGS mucosa, to perform and compare immune cell phenotypes in the blood of FCGS and healthy controls cats, and to determine a transcriptomic profile of the affected and normal oral mucosa of FCGS cats. We hypothesized that cats with FCGS would have circulating activated CD8+ T cells and that tissues would be infiltrated with activated B and T cells with a highly proinflammatory transcriptome. We found that oral mucosal tissues from cats with FCGS have high tissue infiltration of B cells and that T cells include both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Cells positive for CD25 (IL2 receptor, indicative of lymphocyte activation) and FOXP3 (indicative of regulatory T cells) were scattered throughout the mucosa. Compared to healthy individuals, cats with FCGS had high circulating CD8+ effector memory cells with a concurrent decrease in central memory cells and evidence of circulating activated CD8+ T cells (CD25+, CD62L−). Gene expression in the affected tissues was enriched for genes associated with T-cell signaling, cell adhesion molecules, leukocyte migration, inflammatory signaling pathways, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, among others. These data are essential to understand disease pathogenesis, to inform mechanism of action studies for future and current therapies, and to help select prognostic biomarkers and potency assays for stem cell treatment of FCGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vapniarsky
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David L Simpson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Boaz Arzi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nopmanee Taechangam
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Naomi J Walker
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Garrity
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Evelyn Bulkeley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Dori L Borjesson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:278. [PMID: 32656249 PMCID: PMC7326035 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that develops methods to grow, repair, or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. It has gained significant momentum in recent years. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to self—renew and differentiate into tissue cells with specialized functions. Stem cell therapies are therefore used to overcome the body's inability to regenerate damaged tissues and metabolic processes after acute or chronic insult. The concept of stem cell therapy was first introduced in 1991 by Caplan, who proposed that massive differentiation of cells into the desired tissue could be achieved by isolation, cultivation, and expansion of stem cells in in vitro conditions. Among different stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) currently seem to be the most suitable for therapeutic purposes, based on their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and lack of ethical issues regarding their usage. Because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are increasingly gaining recognition in veterinary medicine. Developments are primarily driven by the limitations of current treatment options for various medical problems in different animal species. MSCs represent a possible therapeutic option for many animal diseases, such as orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract diseases, liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, dermal, olfactory, and reproductive system diseases. Although we are progressively gaining an understanding of MSC behavior and their mechanisms of action, some of the issues considering their use for therapy are yet to be resolved. The aim of this review is first to summarize the current knowledge and stress out major issues in stem cell based therapies in veterinary medicine and, secondly, to present results of clinical usage of stem cells in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metka Voga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neza Adamic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Modest Vengust
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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