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Yang Y, Liu Q, Deng S, Shao Q, Peng L, Ling Y, Huang Y, Zheng S, Jiang Q, Nie D, Chen J. Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing HO-1 attenuate neural injury and enhance functional recovery by inhibiting inflammation in stroke mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14412. [PMID: 37592866 PMCID: PMC10848045 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current evidence demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear how changes in the secretion of MSC cytokines following the overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) impact excessive inflammatory activation in a mouse ischemic stroke model. This study investigated this aspect and provided further insights. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was established, and subsequent injections of MSC, MSCHO-1 , or PBS solutions of equal volume were administered via the mice's tail vein. Histopathological analysis was conducted on Days 3 and 28 post-MCAO to observe morphological changes in brain slices. mRNA expression levels of various factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, were quantified. The effects of MSCHO-1 treatment on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes were observed using immunofluorescence after transplantation. The polarization direction of macrophages/microglia was also detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of anti-inflammatory factors in the MSCHO-1 group increased while that of pro-inflammatory factors decreased. Small animal fluorescence studies and immunofluorescence assays showed that the homing function of MSCsHO-1 was unaffected, leading to a substantial accumulation of MSCsHO-1 in the cerebral ischemic region within 24 h. Neurons were less damaged, activation and proliferation of microglia were reduced, and polarization of microglia to the M2 type increased after MSCHO-1 transplantation. Furthermore, after transplantation of MSCsHO-1 , the mortality of mice decreased, and motor function improved significantly. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that MSCs overexpressing HO-1 exhibited significant therapeutic effects against hyper-inflammatory injury after stroke in mice, ultimately promoting recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Song Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qian Shao
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Long Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuejuan Ling
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qiaoji Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityThe First People's Hospital of YanchengYanchengChina
| | - Dekang Nie
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityThe First People's Hospital of YanchengYanchengChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Feng F, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Chen YY, Tang YP. Neuroprotection by tetramethylpyrazine and its synthesized analogues for central nervous system diseases: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:159. [PMID: 38252346 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the global increase in aging populations and changes in modern lifestyles, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, neuropsychiatrcic conditions, and related ailments is rising, placing an increasing burden on the global public health system. MATERIALS AND METHODS All studies on tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and its derivatives were obtained from reputable sources such as PubMed, Elsevier, Library Genesis, and Google Scholar. Comprehensive data on TMP and its derivatives was meticulously compiled. RESULTS This comprehensive analysis explains the neuroprotective effects demonstrated by TMP and its derivatives in diseases of the central nervous system. These compounds exert their influence on various targets and signaling pathways, playing crucial roles in the development of various central nervous system diseases. Their multifaceted mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative damage, inflammation, cell apoptosis, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSION This review provides a brief summary of the most recent advancements in research on TMP and its derivatives in the context of central nervous system diseases. It involves synthesizing analogs of TMP and evaluating their effectiveness in models of central nervous system diseases. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the practical application of TMP and its derivatives in the future treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Hao Z, Yin C, Wang X, Huo Z, Zhang G, Jiang D, An M. Tetramethylpyrazine promotes angiogenesis and nerve regeneration and nerve defect repair in rats with spinal cord injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21549. [PMID: 38027809 PMCID: PMC10656251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the regulatory effect of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model and clarified the neuroprotective mechanism of TMP on SCI. Methods An SCI rat model was generated and treated with TMP injections for two weeks. miR-497-5p and EGFL7 expression changes were evaluated, motor function recovery after SCI was assessed by BBB score test and footprint analysis, lesions of rat spinal cord were assessed by HE staining and TUNEL staining; angiogenesis was assessed by immunoblotting for CD31; inflammatory factor levels were detected by ELISA. EGFL7 was verified as a target of miR-497-5p by bioinformatics website analysis and luciferase reporter gene assay. H2O2-injured neurons were cultured in vitro to explore the effect of TMP. Results After SCI, miR-497-5p was upregulated while EGFL7 was downregulated in rats. TMP inhibited apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis, nerve regeneration, and repair of nerve defects by reducing miR-497-5p and increasing EGFL7 expression. miR-497-5p targeted EGFL7. In addition, TMP hindered neuronal inflammation and apoptosis induced by H2O2in vitro. Conclusion TMP promotes angiogenesis by downregulating miR-497-5p to target EGFL7, and promotes nerve regeneration and repair of nerve defects in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZengTao Hao
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Chao Yin
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - XiaoLong Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - ZhiQi Huo
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - GuoRong Zhang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
| | - Min An
- Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, 010000, China
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Gao Q, Zhao Y, Luo R, Su M, Zhang C, Li C, Liu B, Zhou X. Intrathecal umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells injection alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis rats through the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 331:122045. [PMID: 37634813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroinflammation in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) region plays an important role in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS). Oxidative stress is an important etiological factor for inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells UMSCs on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in IC and the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg bodyweight) to establish the IC animal model. Additionally, rats were intrathecally injected with a Sirt1-specific agonist (SRT1720; 8 μg/rat) or inhibitor (EX527; 8 μg/rat). Furthermore, rats were intrathecally injected with human UMSCs (hUMSCS; 8 × 105 cells/rat). Rat behavior was examined using the mechanical allodynia test, novel object recognition test, sucrose preference test, and urodynamics analysis. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress the SDH region were examined using western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and commercial kits. KEY FINDINGS The Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was downregulated in IC rats. Sirt1 activation and inhibition differentially affected the behavior of IC rats. hUMSCs effectively mitigated the upregulation of oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and glial activation in the SDH region. Additionally, hUMSCs suppressed mechanical allodynia, dysregulated urodynamics, memory deficits, and depressive-like behavior in IC rats. hUMSCs exerted therapeutic effects through the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. SIGNIFICANCE intrathecal hUMSCs injection alleviated behavioral deficits of IC rats by mitigating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through the Sirt1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and can be potentially an effective therapeutic strategy for IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Gao
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixiang Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Minzhi Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Bolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China.
| | - Xiangfu Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital and Lingnan Hospital of the Sun Yat-Sen University, 2693 Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou 510700, China.
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Monsour M, Gordon J, Lockard G, Borlongan CV. Stem Cells Attenuate the Inflammation Crosstalk Between Ischemic Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231184596. [PMID: 37515536 PMCID: PMC10387781 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231184596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense neuroinflammation induced by multiple sclerosis (MS) promotes a favorable environment for ischemic stroke (IS) development, making IS a deadly complication of MS. The overlapping inflammation in MS and IS is a prelude to the vascular pathology, and an inherent cell death mechanism that exacerbates neurovascular unit (NVU) impairment in the disease progression. Despite this consequence, no therapies focus on reducing IS incidence in patients with MS. To this end, the preclinical and clinical evidence we review here argues for cell-based regenerative medicine that will augment the NVU dysfunction and inflammation to ameliorate IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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6
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Jujuboside A inhibits oxidative stress damage and enhances immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through up-regulating IDO expression. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:494-505. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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8
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Gong P, Zhang W, Zou C, Han S, Tian Q, Wang J, He P, Guo Y, Li M. Andrographolide Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Neuronal Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress Through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:508-519. [PMID: 35305248 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Andro), a diterpene of the labdane family extracted from the Asian plant Andrographis paniculata, is neuroprotective against stroke and Alzheimer's disease. However, whether Andro protected the brain against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was still unknown. Thus, we explored whether Andro attenuated blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal apoptosis and inhibited oxidative stress to protect the brain against SAH both in vitro and in vivo and detected underlying mechanisms of Andro's neuroprotective effects in the present study. Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb)-treated neuronal PC12 cells were used as an in vitro model. An in vivo model was established using Sprague-Dawley rats. Moreover, we used an inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (ZnPPIX) in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate whether the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) cascade acted as one protective molecular mechanism of Andro against SAH. Our results revealed that, in vitro, Andro increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and activated Nrf2/HO-1 cascade of neuronal PC12 cells treated with OxyHb. In vivo, Andro attenuated the neurological dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, BBB disruption, brain edema, and oxidative stress and activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ZnPPIX reversed the effects of Andro in vitro and in vivo. Our research suggested that Andro alleviated BBB disruption, neuronal apoptosis, and oxidative stress in SAH, possibly via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoumeng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peibang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Chen B, An J, Guo YS, Tang J, Zhao JJ, Zhang R, Yang H. Tetramethylpyrazine induces the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2429-2442. [PMID: 34374467 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Compelling evidences suggest that transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can be therapeutically effective for central nervous system (CNS) injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs mainly attributes to their differentiation into neuron-like cells which replace injured and degenerative neurons. Importantly, the neurotrophic factors released from BM-MSCs can also rescue injured and degenerative neurons, which plays a biologically pivotal role in enhancing neuroregeneration and neurological functional recovery. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the main bioactive ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Chuanxiong, has been reported to promote the neuronal differentiation of BM-MSCs. This study aimed to investigate whether TMP regulates the release of neurotrophic factors from BM-MSCs. We examined the effect of TMP on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) released from BM-MSCs and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism. Our results demonstrated that TMP at concentrations of lower than 200 μM increased the release of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the effect of TMP on increasing the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs was blocked by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway. Therefore, we concluded that TMP could induce the release of BDNF from BM-MSCs through activation of the PI3K/AKT/CREB pathway, leading to the formation of neuroprotective and proneurogenic microenvironment. These findings suggest that TMP possesses novel therapeutic potential to promote neuroprotection and neurogenesis through improving the neurotrophic ability of BM-MSCs, which provides a promising nutritional prevention and treatment strategy for CNS injuries and neurodegenerative diseases via the transplantation of TMP-treated BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing An
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun-Shan Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Lin X, Zhu Y, Le G. Tetramethylpyrazine Alleviates Tight Junction Disruption of Bronchial Mucosal Epithelial Cells Caused by Interleukin-17 via Inhibiting Nuclear Factor-κB-p65/Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling Pathway. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:415-424. [PMID: 34698528 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial mucosal epithelial dysregulation and barrier disruption are involved in the initiation and development of acute lung injury (ALI). Some inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) contribute to the pathological changes of ALI. However, the roles and relationship between TNF-α and IL-17 during the disruption of bronchial epithelial tight junction remain unclear. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is confirmed to have beneficial functions in hemostasis, inflammation, and cell growth. Here, we demonstrated the protective effects of TMP on bronchial mucosal epithelial injury induced by IL-17. We showed that IL-17 stimulation in vitro markedly reduced occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in bronchial mucosal epithelial cells via the nuclear factor-κB-p65/TNF-α signaling pathway, including NF-κB-p65-triggered TNF-α gene transcription and expression. TMP obviously rescued IL-17-induced occludin and ZO-1 downregulation. Mechanically, TMP substantially suppressed NF-κB-p65 activation and NF-κB-p65-induced TNF-α production in bronchial mucosal epithelial cells caused by IL-17. Taken together, this study indicates that TMP has a protective effect on bronchial mucosal epithelial cell injury due to IL-17 induction by inhibiting the NF-κB-p65/TNF-α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kunshan Sixth People's Hospital, Kunshan, P.R. China
| | - Guohui Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, P.R. China
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11
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Aishwarya L, Arun D, Kannan S. Stem cells as a potential therapeutic option for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:590-605. [PMID: 35135464 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In future, neurodegenerative diseases will take over cancer's place and become the major cause of death in the world, especially in developed countries. Advancements in the medical field and its facilities have led to an increase in the old age population, and thus contributing to the increase in number of people suffering from neurodegenerative diseases. Economically it is of a great burden to society and the affected family. No current treatment aims to replace, protect, and regenerate lost neurons; instead, it alleviates the symptoms, extends the life span by a few months and creates severe side effects. Moreover, people who are affected are physically dependent for performing their basic activities, which makes their life miserable. There is an urgent need for therapy that could be able to overcome the deficits of conventional therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells, the unspecialized cells with the properties of self-renewing and potency to differentiate into various cells types can become a potent therapeutic option for neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells have been widely used in clinical trials to evaluate their potential in curing different types of ailments. In this review, we discuss the various types of stem cells and their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease based on published preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya L
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
| | - Dharmarajan Arun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
| | - Suresh Kannan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai-600 116. India
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12
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Mirzaei S, Mohammadi AT, Gholami MH, Hashemi F, Zarrabi A, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Makvandi P, Samec M, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Nabavi N, Aref AR, Ashrafizadeh M, Khan H, Najafi M. Nrf2 signaling pathway in cisplatin chemotherapy: Potential involvement in organ protection and chemoresistance. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105575. [PMID: 33771701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a vital transcription factor and its induction is of significant importance for protecting against oxidative damage. Increased levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) stimulate Nrf2 signaling, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. These enzymes are associated with retarding oxidative stress. On the other hand, Nrf2 activation in cancer cells is responsible for the development of chemoresistance due to disrupting oxidative mediated-cell death by reducing ROS levels. Cisplatin (CP), cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), is a potent anti-tumor agent extensively used in cancer therapy, but its frequent application leads to the development of chemoresistance as well. In the present study, association of Nrf2 signaling with chemoresistance to CP and protection against its deleterious effects is discussed. Anti-tumor compounds, mainly phytochemicals, retard chemoresistance by suppressing Nrf2 signaling. Upstream mediators such as microRNAs can regulate Nrf2 expression during CP chemotherapy regimens. Protection against side effects of CP is mediated via activating Nrf2 signaling and its downstream targets activating antioxidant defense system. Protective agents that activate Nrf2 signaling, can ameliorate CP-mediated ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Reducing ROS levels and preventing cell death are the most important factors involved in alleviating CP toxicity upon Nrf2 activation. As pre-clinical experiments advocate the role of Nrf2 in chemoprotection and CP resistance, translating these findings to the clinic can provide a significant progress in treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Tabatabaei Mohammadi
- Asu Vanda Gene Research Company, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Science Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interface, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pisa, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6 Canada
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Translational Sciences, Xsphera Biosciences Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanashah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran; Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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13
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Yang C, Wu M, You M, Chen Y, Luo M, Chen Q. The therapeutic applications of mesenchymal stromal cells from human perinatal tissues in autoimmune diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:103. [PMID: 33541422 PMCID: PMC7859900 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune diseases are characterized by overactivation of immune cells, chronic inflammation, and immune response to self-antigens, leading to the damage and dysfunction of multiple organs. Patients still do not receive desired clinical outcomes while suffer from various adverse effects imparted by current therapies. The therapeutic strategies based on mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation have become the promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to the immunomodulation property of MSCs. MSCs derived from perinatal tissues are collectively known as perinatal MSCs (PMSCs), which can be obtained via painless procedures from donors with lower risk of being contaminated by viruses than those MSCs from adult tissue sources. Therefore, PMSCs may be the ideal cell source for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes recent progress and possible mechanisms of PMSCs in treating autoimmune diseases in animal experiments and clinical studies. This review also presents existing challenges and proposes solutions, which may provide new hints on PMSC transplantation as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Mingjun Wu
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Min You
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China. .,Center for Stem Cell Research & Application, Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Kahroba H, Ramezani B, Maadi H, Sadeghi MR, Jaberie H, Ramezani F. The role of Nrf2 in neural stem/progenitors cells: From maintaining stemness and self-renewal to promoting differentiation capability and facilitating therapeutic application in neurodegenerative disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101211. [PMID: 33186670 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neurons in nervous system. NDs are categorized as acute NDs such as stroke and head injury, besides chronic NDs including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's diseases, Friedreich's Ataxia, Multiple Sclerosis. The exact etiology of NDs is not understood but oxidative stress, inflammation and synaptic dysfunction are main hallmarks. Oxidative stress leads to free radical attack on neural cells which contributes to protein misfolding, glia cell activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, impairment of DNA repair system and subsequently cellular death. Neural stem cells (NSCs) support adult neurogenesis in nervous system during injuries which is limited to certain regions in brain. NSCs can differentiate into the neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. Impaired neurogenesis and inadequate induction of neurogenesis are the main obstacles in treatment of NDs. Protection of neural cells from oxidative damages and supporting neurogenesis are promising strategies to treat NDs. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcriptional master regulator that maintains the redox homeostasis in cells by provoking expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 can strongly influence the NSCs function and fate determination by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species in benefit of NSC survival and neurogenesis. In this review we will summarize the role of Nrf2 in NSC function, and exogenous and endogenous therapeutic strategies in treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houman Kahroba
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Luo Y, Wang B, Liu J, Ma F, Luo D, Zheng Z, Lu Q, Zhou W, Zheng Y, Zhang C, Wang Q, Sha W, Chen H. Ginsenoside RG1 enhances the paracrine effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation induced intestinal injury. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1132-1152. [PMID: 33293477 PMCID: PMC7835034 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Content and aims: Ginsenoside RG1 (RG1) is thought to enhance proliferation and differentiation of stem cell, however, its role on paracrine efficacy of stem cell remains unclear. Here we examined if and how RG1 enhances the paracrine effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on radiation induced intestinal injury (RIII). METHOD Irradiated rats randomly received intraperitoneal injection of conditioned medium (CM) derived from non-activated BM-MSCs (MSC-CM) or BM-MSCs pre-activated by RG-1 (RG1-MSC-CM). Intestinal samples were collected, followed by the evaluation of histological and functional change, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and stem cell regeneration. The effects of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were investigated using HO-1 inhibitor or siRNA. RESULT RG1 enhanced the paracrine efficacy of BM-MSCs partially through upregulation of HO-1. RG1-MSC-CM rather than MSC-CM significantly improved the survival and intestinal damage of irradiated rats via improvement of intestinal proliferation/apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and stem cell regeneration in a HO-1 dependent mechanism. The mechanism for the superior paracrine efficacy of RG1-MSC-CM is related to a higher release of two pivotal cytokines VEGF and IL-6. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that RG1 enhances paracrine effects of BM-MSCs on RIII, providing a novel method for maximizing the paracrine potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Luo
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Faxin Ma
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwen Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Quan Lu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiyi Wang
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Sha
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Evidence from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228662. [PMID: 33212873 PMCID: PMC7698327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Nowadays, available therapies for MS can help to manage MS course and symptoms, but new therapeutic approaches are required. Stem cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) appeared promising in different neurodegenerative conditions, thanks to their beneficial capacities, including the immunomodulation ability, and to their secretome. The secretome is represented by growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs. In this review, we focused on studies performed on in vivo MS models involving the administration of MSCs and on clinical trials evaluating MSCs administration. Experimental models of MS evidenced that MSCs were able to reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and disease score. Moreover, MSCs engineered to express different genes, preconditioned with different compounds, differentiated or in combination with other compounds also exerted beneficial actions in MS models, in some cases also superior to native MSCs. Secretome, both conditioned medium and EVs, also showed protective effects in MS models and appeared promising to develop new approaches. Clinical trials highlighted the safety and feasibility of MSC administration and reported some improvements, but other trials using larger cohorts of patients are needed.
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