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Sadr S, Ahmadi Simab P, Niazi M, Yousefsani Z, Lotfalizadeh N, Hajjafari A, Borji H. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on parasitic drug resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2024; 22:435-451. [PMID: 38804866 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2024.2360684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The emergence of antiparasitic drug resistance poses a concerning threat to animals and humans. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been widely used to treat infections in humans, pets, and livestock. Although this is an emerging field of study, the current review outlines possible mechanisms and examines potential synergism in combination therapies and the possible harmful effects of such an approach. AREAS COVERED The present study delved into the latest pre-clinical research on utilizing MSCs to treat parasitic infections. As per investigations, the introduction of MSCs to patients grappling with parasitic diseases like schistosomiasis, malaria, cystic echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis has shown a reduction in parasite prevalence. This intervention also alters the levels of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the combined administration of MSCs and antiparasitic drugs has demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combating parasites and modulating the immune response. EXPERT OPINION Mesenchymal stem cells are a potential solution for addressing parasitic drug resistance. This is mainly because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, which can potentially help combat parasites' resistance to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Ahmadi Simab
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahta Niazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Yousefsani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Lotfalizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ashkan Hajjafari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Borji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Khodkar I, Saki J, Arjmand R, Saki G, Khorsandi L. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells' Secretome Attenuates Lesion Size and Parasite Loading in Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania Major in Mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:121-129. [PMID: 38356483 PMCID: PMC10862109 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.96413.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Stem cell-derived secretome (SE) released into the extracellular space contributes to tissue repair. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of isolated secretome (SE) from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on Leishmania major (L. major) lesions in BALB/c mice. Methods This experimental study was conducted at Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences (Ahvaz, Iran) in 2021. Forty female BALB/c mice were infected with stationary phase promastigotes through intradermal injection in the bottom of their tail and randomly divided into four groups (n=10 per group). The mice were given SE (20 mg/mL), either alone or in combination with Glucantime (GC, 20 mg/mL/Kg), meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/mL/Kg) for the GC group, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for the control group. After eight weeks, the lesion size, histopathology, the levels of Interleukin 10 (IL-10), and Interleukin 12 (IL-12) were assessed. For the comparison of values between groups, the parametric one-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance. Results At the end of the experiment, the mice that received SE had smaller lesions (4.56±0.83 mm versus 3.62±0.59 mm, P=0.092), lower levels of IL-10 (66.5±9.7 pg/mL versus 285.4±25.2 pg/mL, P<0.001), and higher levels of IL-12 (152.2±14.2 pg/mL versus 24.2±4.4 pg/mL, P<0.001) than the control. Histopathology findings revealed that mice treated with SE had a lower parasite burden in lesions and spleen than the control group. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that ADSC-derived SE could protect mice infected with L. major against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Khodkar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jasem Saki
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Arjmand
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abpeikar Z, Safaei M, Akbar Alizadeh A, Goodarzi A, Hatam G. The novel treatments based on tissue engineering, cell therapy and nanotechnology for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2023; 633:122615. [PMID: 36657555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health issue. Conventional treatments have substantial costs, side effects, and parasite resistance. Due to easy application and inexpensive cost, topical treatment is the optimal approach for CL. It could be used alone or with systemic treatments. Electrospun fibers as drug release systems in treating skin lesions have various advantages such as adjustable drug release rate, maintaining appropriate humidity and temperature, gas exchange, plasticity at the lesion site, similarity with the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) and drug delivery with high efficiency. Hydrogels are valuable scaffolds in the treatment of skin lesions. The important features of hydrogels include preserving unstable drugs from degradation, absorption of wound secretions, high biocompatibility, improving the re-epithelialization of the wound and preventing the formation of scars. One of the issues in local drug delivery systems for the skin is the low permeability of drugs in the skin. Polymeric scaffolds that are designed as microneedle patches can penetrate the skin and overcome this challenge. Also, drug delivery using nanocarriers increases the effectiveness of drugs in lower and more tolerable doses and reduces the toxicity of drugs. The application of cell therapy in the treatment of parasitic and infectious diseases has been widely investigated. The complexity of leishmaniasis treatment requires identifying new treatment options like cell therapy to overcome the disease. Topics investigated in this study include drug delivery systems based on tissue engineering scaffolds, nanotechnology and cell therapy-based studies to reduce the complications of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Science and Technology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Goodarzi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Shimizu Y, Ntege EH, Sunami H. Current regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration: A review of literature and a report on clinical applications in Japan. Regen Ther 2022; 21:73-80. [PMID: 35785041 PMCID: PMC9213559 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current trends indicate a growing interest among healthcare specialists and the public in the use of regenerative medicine-based approaches for skin regeneration. The approaches are categorised in either cell-based or cell-free therapies and are reportedly safe and effective. Cell-based therapies include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tissue induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), fibroblast-based products, and blood-derived therapies, such as those employing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) products. Cell-free therapies primarily involve the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles/exosomes. MSCs are isolated from various tissues, such as fat, bone marrow, umbilical cord, menstrual blood, and foetal skin, and expanded ex vivo before transplantation. In cell-free therapies, MSC exosomes, MSC-derived cultured media, and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles are collected from MSC-conditioned media or supernatant. In this review, a literature search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Scopus was conducted using several combinations of terms, such as ‘stem’, ‘cell’, ‘aging’, ‘wrinkles’, ‘nasolabial folds’, ‘therapy’, ‘mesenchymal stem cells’, and ‘skin’, to identify relevant articles providing a comprehensive update on the different regenerative medicine-based therapies and their application to skin regeneration. In addition, the regulatory perspectives on the clinical application of some of these therapies in Japan are highlighted. The use of regenerative medicine-based therapy for skin rejuvenation is expanding. Therapies can be categorised as either cell-based or cell-free therapies. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues for cosmetic applications. MSC-derived exosomes increase skin cell proliferation and migration. In Japan, most cell-based treatments carry class II/III regenerative medicine risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Shimizu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 903-0215 Okinawa, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Edward Hosea Ntege
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 903-0215 Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunami
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, 903-0215 Okinawa, Japan
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Kian M, Mirzavand S, Sharifzadeh S, Kalantari T, Ashrafmansouri M, Nasri F. Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy in Parasitic Infections: Are Anti-parasitic Drugs Combined with MSCs More Effective? Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1487-1499. [DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Segarra S. Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2601. [PMID: 34946204 PMCID: PMC8703464 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an emerging, uncontrolled, and neglected zoonotic disease. Climate change is contributing to its ongoing global expansion. The dog is the main reservoir; hence the importance of implementing effective treatment, prevention, and control measures in this animal species to protect public health. However, although the standard treatment for canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is effective, it does not provide full parasitological clearance, and side effects and drug resistance have been described. The host's immune system plays a key role in the establishment and evolution of leishmaniasis. Dietary nucleotides modulate the immune response and, given their reported efficacy and safety in sick and clinically healthy Leishmania-infected dogs and because they represent a sustainable option with no associated side effects or resistance, they could be included within the prevention, treatment, and control strategies for leishmaniasis. This article briefly summarizes the scientific literature on CanL management, including unresolved issues, and reviews the scientific evidence on immunomodulatory effects of dietary nucleotides in different animal species. It also proposes a CanL management algorithm, including nucleotides. It is concluded that nutritional modulation of the immune response with nucleotides can contribute to better management of leishmaniasis following a One Health approach, especially in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Segarra
- R&D Bioiberica S.A.U., 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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The potential therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major in BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2021; 222:108063. [PMID: 33412170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.108063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical infectious diseases in the world. The emergence of drug resistance and toxicity and the high cost of the available drugs with a lack of new anti-leishmanial drugs highlight the need to search for newer therapies with anti-leishmanial activities. Due to the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) immunomodulatory capacity, they have been applied in a wide variety of disorders. In this study, the potential effects of adipose-derived MSC (AD-MSCs) therapy and its combination with glucantime were evaluated in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by L. major. The results showed that AD-MSCs improved wound healing and decreased parasite burden. The real-time PCR results obtained from mice treated with AD-MSCs showed that IL-12 and TNF-α genes were upregulated. IL-10, arginase, and FOXP3 genes were downregulated whereas no differences in expression of the IL-4 gene were found. Overall, it seems that AD-MSCs therapy enhances Th1 immune response in L. major infected BALB/c mice. Unexpectedly, our results showed that the association of glucantime to AD-MSCs treatments did not lead to an increment in the anti-leishmanial activity.
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