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Wellmerling JH, Dresler SR, Meridew JA, Choi KM, Tschumperlin DJ, Tan Q. RNA-sequencing reveals differential fibroblast responses to bleomycin and pneumonectomy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16148. [PMID: 38991987 PMCID: PMC11239319 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by pathological accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Many of the processes that are implicated in fibrosis, including increased extracellular matrix synthesis, also occur following pneumonectomy (PNX), but PNX instead results in regenerative compensatory growth of the lung. As fibroblasts are the major cell type responsible for extracellular matrix production, we hypothesized that comparing fibroblast responses to PNX and bleomycin (BLM) would unveil key differences in the role they play during regenerative versus fibrotic lung responses. RNA-sequencing was performed on flow-sorted fibroblasts freshly isolated from mouse lungs 14 days after BLM, PNX, or sham controls. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed highly similar biological processes to be involved in fibroblast responses to both BLM and PNX, including TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Interestingly, we observed smaller changes in gene expression after PNX than BLM at Day 14, suggesting that the fibroblast response to PNX may be muted by expression of transcripts that moderate pro-fibrotic pathways. Itpkc, encoding inositol triphosphate kinase C, was a gene uniquely up-regulated by PNX and not BLM. ITPKC overexpression in lung fibroblasts antagonized the pro-fibrotic effect of TGF-β1. RNA-sequencing analysis has identified considerable overlap in transcriptional changes between fibroblasts following PNX and those overexpressing ITPKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack H. Wellmerling
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Sara R. Dresler
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jeffrey A. Meridew
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Kyoung M. Choi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Daniel J. Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Qi Tan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo Clinic College of Medicine and ScienceRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- The Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustinMinnesotaUSA
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Tanahashi H, Iwamoto H, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Horimasu Y, Masuda T, Nakashima T, Ohshimo S, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. Lipocalin-2 as a prognostic marker in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:195. [PMID: 38704585 PMCID: PMC11070072 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a secretory glycoprotein upregulated by oxidative stress; moreover, patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have shown increased LCN2 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). This study aimed to determine whether circulatory LCN2 could be a systemic biomarker in patients with IPF and to investigate the role of LCN2 in a bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model. METHODS We measured serum LCN2 levels in 99 patients with stable IPF, 27 patients with acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF, 51 patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and 67 healthy controls. Further, LCN2 expression in lung tissue was evaluated in a bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model, and the role of LCN2 was investigated using LCN2-knockout (LCN2 -/-) mice. RESULTS Serum levels of LCN2 were significantly higher in patients with AE-IPF than in the other groups. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that elevated serum LCN2 level was an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with AE-IPF. In the bleomycin-induced lung injury mouse model, a higher dose of bleomycin resulted in higher LCN2 levels and shorter survival. Bleomycin-treated LCN2 -/- mice exhibited increased BALF cell and protein levels as well as hydroxyproline content. Moreover, compared with wild-type mice, LCN2-/- mice showed higher levels of circulatory 8-isoprostane as well as lower Nrf-2, GCLC, and NQO1 expression levels in lung tissue following bleomycin administration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that serum LCN2 might be a potential prognostic marker of AE-IPF. Moreover, LCN2 expression levels may reflect the severity of lung injury, and LCN2 may be a protective factor against bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanahashi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ohshimo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Ptasinski V, Monkley SJ, Öst K, Tammia M, Alsafadi HN, Overed-Sayer C, Hazon P, Wagner DE, Murray LA. Modeling fibrotic alveolar transitional cells with pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201853. [PMID: 37230801 PMCID: PMC10213712 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated injury of the lung epithelium is proposed to be the main driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, available therapies do not specifically target the epithelium and human models of fibrotic epithelial damage with suitability for drug discovery are lacking. We developed a model of the aberrant epithelial reprogramming observed in IPF using alveolar organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells stimulated with a cocktail of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory cytokines. Deconvolution of RNA-seq data of alveolar organoids indicated that the fibrosis cocktail rapidly increased the proportion of transitional cell types including the KRT5 - /KRT17 + aberrant basaloid phenotype recently identified in the lungs of IPF patients. We found that epithelial reprogramming and extracellular matrix (ECM) production persisted after removal of the fibrosis cocktail. We evaluated the effect of the two clinically approved compounds for IPF, nintedanib and pirfenidone, and found that they reduced the expression of ECM and pro-fibrotic mediators but did not completely reverse epithelial reprogramming. Thus, our system recapitulates key aspects of IPF and is a promising system for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ptasinski
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susan J Monkley
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Öst
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Tammia
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hani N Alsafadi
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catherine Overed-Sayer
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Petra Hazon
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lynne A Murray
- Bioscience COPD/IPF, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Wei PL, Prince GMSH, Batzorig U, Huang CY, Chang YJ. ALDH2 promotes cancer stemness and metastasis in colorectal cancer through activating β-catenin signaling. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 37183314 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary cause of death from gastrointestinal cancers. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a crucial mitochondrial enzyme for the oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism, plays a dual role in cancer progression. In some cancers, it is tumor suppressive; in others, it drives cancer progression. However, whether targeting ALDH2 has any therapeutic implications or prognostic value in CRC is still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of ALDH2 in CRC progression by targeting its enzymatic activity rather than gene expression. We found that inhibiting ALDH2 by CVT-10216 and daidzein significantly decrease migration and stemness properties of both DLD-1 and HCT 116 cells, whereas activating ALDH2 by Alda-1 enhances migration rate. Concomitantly, ALDH2 inhibition by both CVT-10216 and daidzein downregulates the mRNA levels of fibronectin, snail, twist, MMP7, CD44, c-Myc, SOX2, and OCT-4, which are oncogenic in the advanced stage of CRC. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) on ALDH2 co-expressed genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that MYC target gene sets are upregulated. We found that ALDH2 inhibition decreased the nuclear protein levels of pGSK3β serine 9 and c-Myc. This suggests that ALDH2 probably targets β-catenin signaling in CRC cells. Together, our results demonstrate the prognostic value of ALDH2 in CRC as it regulates both CRC stemness and migration. Our findings also propose that the plant-derived isoflavone daidzein could be a potential chemotherapeutic drug targeting ALDH2 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Li Wei
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - G M Shazzad Hossain Prince
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Uyanga Batzorig
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Chang
- Cancer Research Center and Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mao Y, Wang M, Xiong Y, Wen X, Zhang M, Ma L, Zhang Y. MELTF Might Regulate Ferroptosis, Pyroptosis, and Autophagy in Platelet-Rich Plasma-Mediated Endometrial Epithelium Regeneration. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1506-1520. [PMID: 36303086 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The endometrial basal layer is essential for endometrial regeneration, whose disruption leads to thin endometrium or intrauterine adhesion (IUA) with an unsatisfactory prognosis. Emerging data indicate that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can promote endometrial proliferation, but the mechanism by which PRP regulates endometrial regeneration remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of PRP on endometrial regeneration. IUA animal model was generated by sham, mechanically damaging endometrium with or without PRP for 10 days. The uterine section in the model group showed degenerative changes with a narrow endometrial lumen, atrophic columnar epithelium, decreased number of endometrial glands, decreased endometrial thickness, and increased collagen deposition. The above disruption could be ameliorated by the PRP. Transcriptome sequencing analysis displayed that the retinol metabolism pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction pathway were up-regulated and enriched in differential expression genes (DEGs). Melanotransferrin (MELTF) was the key up-regulated gene in PRP-induced endometrial regeneration, which was verified in vivo and in vitro. Ferroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis were down-regulated in PRP-treated Ishikawa cells. Conclusively, PRP promotes endometrium regeneration by up-regulating the retinol metabolism and ECM receptor interaction pathway with MELTF. Meanwhile, PRP could also inhibit endometrial epithelial cell death by regulating ferroptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Mao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yao Xiong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, NO. 169, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan City, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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