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Guo D, Yao Y, Liu X, Han Y. Clemastine improves emotional and social deficits in adolescent social isolation mice by reversing demyelination. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 242:173824. [PMID: 39002803 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period for social experience-dependent oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. Adolescent stress predisposes to cause irreversible changes in brain structure and function with lasting effects on adulthood or beyond. However, the molecular mechanisms linking adolescent social isolation stress with emotional and social competence remain largely unknown. In our study, we found that social isolation during adolescence leads to anxiety-like behaviors, depression-like behaviors, impaired social memory and altered patterns of social ultrasonic vocalizations in mice. In addition, adolescent social isolation stress induces demyelination in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice, with decreased myelin-related gene expression and disrupted myelin structure. More importantly, clemastine was sufficient to rescue the impairment of emotional and social memory by promoting remyelination. These findings reveal the demyelination mechanism of emotional and social deficits caused by social isolation stress in adolescence, and provides potential therapeutic targets for treating stress-related mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiumin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Liu J, Kong G, Lu C, Wang J, Li W, Lv Z, Tong J, Liu Y, Xiong W, Li H, Fan J. IPSC-NSCs-derived exosomal let-7b-5p improves motor function after spinal cord Injury by modulating microglial/macrophage pyroptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:403. [PMID: 38982427 PMCID: PMC11232148 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02697-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the inflammatory storm initiated by microglia/macrophages poses a significant impediment to the recovery process. Exosomes play a crucial role in the transport of miRNAs, facilitating essential cellular communication through the transfer of genetic material. However, the miRNAs from iPSC-NSCs-Exos and their potential mechanisms leading to repair after SCI remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of iPSC-NSCs-Exos in microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and reveal their potential mechanisms. METHODS iPSC-NSCs-Exos were characterized and identified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and Western blot. A mouse SCI model and a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the therapeutic effects of iPSC-NSCs-Exos. Subsequently, miRNA microarray analysis and rescue experiments were performed to confirm the role of miRNAs in iPSC-NSCs-Exos in SCI. Mechanistic studies were carried out using Western blot, luciferase activity assays, and RNA-ChIP. RESULTS Our findings revealed that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes inhibited microglia/macrophage pyroptosis at 7 days post-SCI, maintaining myelin integrity and promoting axonal growth, ultimately improving mice motor function. The miRNA microarray showed let-7b-5p to be highly enriched in iPSC-NSCs-Exos, and LRIG3 was identified as the target gene of let-7b-5p. Through a series of rescue experiments, we uncovered the connection between iPSC-NSCs and microglia/macrophages, revealing a novel target for treating SCI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we discovered that iPSC-NSCs-derived exosomes can package and deliver let-7b-5p, regulating the expression of LRIG3 to ameliorate microglia/macrophage pyroptosis and enhance motor function in mice after SCI. This highlights the potential of combined therapy with iPSC-NSCs-Exos and let-7b-5p in promoting functional recovery and limiting inflammation following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenlin Lu
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of human anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengming Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Songjiang Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jin Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, 366 Taihu Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Perussolo MC, Mogharbel BF, Saçaki CS, da Rosa NN, Irioda AC, de Oliveira NB, Appel JM, Lührs L, Meira LF, Guarita-Souza LC, Nagashima S, de Paula CBV, de Noronha L, Zotarelli-Filho IJ, Abdelwahid E, de Carvalho KAT. Cellular Therapy in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis as an Adjuvant Treatment to Translate for Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6996. [PMID: 39000105 PMCID: PMC11241124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate and compare cellular therapy with human Wharton's jelly (WJ) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neural precursors (NPs) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a preclinical model of Multiple Sclerosis. MSCs were isolated from WJ by an explant technique, differentiated to NPs, and characterized by cytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis after ethical approval. Forty-eight rats were EAE-induced by myelin basic protein and Freund's complete adjuvant. Forty-eight hours later, the animals received intraperitoneal injections of 250 ng/dose of Bordetella pertussis toxin. Fourteen days later, the animals were divided into the following groups: a. non-induced, induced: b. Sham, c. WJ-MSCs, d. NPs, and e. WJ-MSCs plus NPs. 1 × 105. Moreover, the cells were placed in a 10 µL solution and injected via a stereotaxic intracerebral ventricular injection. After ten days, the histopathological analysis for H&E, Luxol, interleukins, and CD4/CD8 was carried out. Statistical analyses demonstrated a higher frequency of clinical manifestation in the Sham group (15.66%) than in the other groups; less demyelination was seen in the treated groups than the Sham group (WJ-MSCs, p = 0.016; NPs, p = 0.010; WJ-MSCs + NPs, p = 0.000), and a lower cellular death rate was seen in the treated groups compared with the Sham group. A CD4/CD8 ratio of <1 showed no association with microglial activation (p = 0.366), astrocytes (p = 0.247), and cell death (p = 0.577) in WJ-MSCs. WJ-MSCs and NPs were immunomodulatory and neuroprotective in cellular therapy, which would be translated as an adjunct in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Carolina Perussolo
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Bassam Felipe Mogharbel
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Cláudia Sayuri Saçaki
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Nádia Nascimento da Rosa
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Ana Carolina Irioda
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Nathalia Barth de Oliveira
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Julia Maurer Appel
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Larissa Lührs
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Leanderson Franco Meira
- Experimental Laboratory of the Institute of Biology and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba P.O. Box 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Luiz Cesar Guarita-Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of the Institute of Biology and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba P.O. Box 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (L.F.M.); (L.C.G.-S.)
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba P.O. Box 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (S.N.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (L.d.N.)
| | - Caroline Busatta Vaz de Paula
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba P.O. Box 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (S.N.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (L.d.N.)
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba P.O. Box 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil; (S.N.); (C.B.V.d.P.); (L.d.N.)
| | - Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Food Engineering, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto P.O. Box 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Eltyeb Abdelwahid
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho
- Advanced Therapy and Cellular Biotechnology in Regenerative Medicine Department, The Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Child and Adolescent Health Research & Pequeno Príncipe Faculties, Curitiba P.O. Box 80240-020, Paraná, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (B.F.M.); (C.S.S.); (N.N.d.R.); (A.C.I.); (N.B.d.O.); (J.M.A.); (L.L.)
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Wu L, Lu J, Lan T, Zhang D, Xu H, Kang Z, Peng F, Wang J. Stem cell therapies: a new era in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1389697. [PMID: 38784908 PMCID: PMC11111935 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1389697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated condition that persistently harms the central nervous system. While existing treatments can slow its course, a cure remains elusive. Stem cell therapy has gained attention as a promising approach, offering new perspectives with its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This article reviews the application of stem cells in MS, encompassing various stem cell types, therapeutic potential mechanisms, preclinical explorations, clinical research advancements, safety profiles of clinical applications, as well as limitations and challenges, aiming to provide new insights into the treatment research for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Lu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianye Lan
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hanying Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zezheng Kang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Liu J, Qi L, Bao S, Yan F, Chen J, Yu S, Dong C. The acute spinal cord injury microenvironment and its impact on the homing of mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114682. [PMID: 38199509 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly debilitating condition that inflicts devastating harm on the lives of affected individuals, underscoring the urgent need for effective treatments. By activating inflammatory cells and releasing inflammatory factors, the secondary injury response creates an inflammatory microenvironment that ultimately determines whether neurons will undergo necrosis or regeneration. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential in SCI. MSCs not only possess multipotent differentiation capabilities but also have homing abilities, making them valuable as carriers and mediators of therapeutic agents. The inflammatory microenvironment induced by SCI recruits MSCs to the site of injury through the release of various cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes. However, this mechanism has not been previously reported. Thus, a comprehensive exploration of the molecular mechanisms and cellular behaviors underlying the interplay between the inflammatory microenvironment and MSC homing is crucial. Such insights have the potential to provide a better understanding of how to harness the therapeutic potential of MSCs in treating inflammatory diseases and facilitating injury repair. This review aims to delve into the formation of the inflammatory microenvironment and how it influences the homing of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Longju Qi
- Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shengzhe Bao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fangsu Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanming Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Yang Y, Liu Q, Deng S, Shao Q, Peng L, Ling Y, Huang Y, Zheng S, Jiang Q, Nie D, Chen J. Human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing HO-1 attenuate neural injury and enhance functional recovery by inhibiting inflammation in stroke mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14412. [PMID: 37592866 PMCID: PMC10848045 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current evidence demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold therapeutic potential for ischemic stroke. However, it remains unclear how changes in the secretion of MSC cytokines following the overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) impact excessive inflammatory activation in a mouse ischemic stroke model. This study investigated this aspect and provided further insights. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model was established, and subsequent injections of MSC, MSCHO-1 , or PBS solutions of equal volume were administered via the mice's tail vein. Histopathological analysis was conducted on Days 3 and 28 post-MCAO to observe morphological changes in brain slices. mRNA expression levels of various factors, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-1Ra, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, were quantified. The effects of MSCHO-1 treatment on neurons, microglia, and astrocytes were observed using immunofluorescence after transplantation. The polarization direction of macrophages/microglia was also detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of anti-inflammatory factors in the MSCHO-1 group increased while that of pro-inflammatory factors decreased. Small animal fluorescence studies and immunofluorescence assays showed that the homing function of MSCsHO-1 was unaffected, leading to a substantial accumulation of MSCsHO-1 in the cerebral ischemic region within 24 h. Neurons were less damaged, activation and proliferation of microglia were reduced, and polarization of microglia to the M2 type increased after MSCHO-1 transplantation. Furthermore, after transplantation of MSCsHO-1 , the mortality of mice decreased, and motor function improved significantly. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that MSCs overexpressing HO-1 exhibited significant therapeutic effects against hyper-inflammatory injury after stroke in mice, ultimately promoting recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Song Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qian Shao
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Long Peng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yuejuan Ling
- Research Center of Clinical MedicineAffiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Siqi Zheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Qiaoji Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityThe First People's Hospital of YanchengYanchengChina
| | - Dekang Nie
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical UniversityThe First People's Hospital of YanchengYanchengChina
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongChina
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Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Schirò G, Sorbello G, Di Liegro I. Involvement of Astrocytes in the Formation, Maintenance, and Function of the Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38247841 PMCID: PMC10813980 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a fundamental structure that protects the composition of the brain by determining which ions, metabolites, and nutrients are allowed to enter the brain from the blood or to leave it towards the circulation. The BBB is structurally composed of a layer of brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) bound to each other through tight junctions (TJs). However, its development as well as maintenance and properties are controlled by the other brain cells that contact the BCECs: pericytes, glial cells, and even neurons themselves. Astrocytes seem, in particular, to have a very important role in determining and controlling most properties of the BBB. Here, we will focus on these latter cells, since the comprehension of their roles in brain physiology has been continuously expanding, even including the ability to participate in neurotransmission and in complex functions such as learning and memory. Accordingly, pathological conditions that alter astrocytic functions can alter the BBB's integrity, thus compromising many brain activities. In this review, we will also refer to different kinds of in vitro BBB models used to study the BBB's properties, evidencing its modifications under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienzee Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (Dipartimento di Scienzee Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche) (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (C.M.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Schirò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
- Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center, Unità Operativa Complessa (UOC), Foundation Institute “G. Giglio”, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sorbello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.S.); (G.S.)
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Ghosh S, Bhatti GK, Sharma PK, Kandimalla R, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:6. [PMID: 38104307 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations. This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Mazzella M, Walker K, Cormier C, Kapanowski M, Ishmakej A, Saifee A, Govind Y, Chaudhry GR. Regulation of self-renewal and senescence in primitive mesenchymal stem cells by Wnt and TGFβ signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:305. [PMID: 37880755 PMCID: PMC10601332 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic application of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encounters significant challenges, primarily stemming from their inadequate growth and limited self-renewal capabilities. Additionally, as MSCs are propagated, their ability to self-renew declines, and the exact cellular and molecular changes responsible for this are poorly understood. This study aims to uncover the complex molecular mechanisms that govern the self-renewal of primitive (p) MSCs. METHODS We grew pMSCs using two types of medium, fetal bovine serum (FM) and xeno-free (XM), at both low passage (LP, P3) and high passage (HP, P20). To evaluate LP and HP pMSCs, we examined their physical characteristics, cell surface markers, growth rate, colony-forming ability, BrdU assays for proliferation, telomerase activity, and potential to differentiate into three lineages. Moreover, we conducted RNA-seq to analyze their transcriptome and MNase-seq analysis to investigate nucleosome occupancies. RESULTS When grown in FM, pMSCs underwent changes in their cellular morphology, becoming larger and elongated. This was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of CD90 and CD49f, as well as a reduction in CFE, proliferation rate, and telomerase activity. In addition, these cells showed an increased tendency to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. However, when grown in XM, pMSCs maintained their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into multiple lineages while preserving their fibroblastoid morphology. Transcriptomic analysis showed an upregulation of genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle regulation, and DNA replication in XM-cultured pMSCs, while senescence-related genes were upregulated in FM-cultured cells. Further analysis demonstrated differential nucleosomal occupancies in self-renewal and senescence-related genes for pMSCs grown in XM and FM, respectively. These findings were confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, which revealed alterations in the expression of genes related to self-renewal, cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, differentiation, and senescence. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the involvement of Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways by modulating them with agonists and antagonists. This experimental manipulation led to the upregulation and downregulation of self-renewal genes in pMSCs, providing further insights into the signaling pathways governing the self-renewal and senescence of pMSCs. CONCLUSION Our study shows that the self-renewal potential of pMSCs is associated with the Wnt pathway, while senescence is linked to TGFβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mazzella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Keegan Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Christina Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Michael Kapanowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Albi Ishmakej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Azeem Saifee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Yashvardhan Govind
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
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10
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Zolfaghari Baghbadorani P, Rayati Damavandi A, Moradi S, Ahmadi M, Bemani P, Aria H, Mottedayyen H, Rayati Damavandi A, Eskandari N, Fathi F. Current advances in stem cell therapy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:613-633. [PMID: 36496351 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease related to the central nervous system (CNS) with a significant global burden. In this illness, the immune system plays an essential role in its pathophysiology and progression. The currently available treatments are not recognized as curable options and, at best, might slow the progression of MS injuries to the CNS. However, stem cell treatment has provided a new avenue for treating MS. Stem cells may enhance CNS healing and regulate immunological responses. Likewise, stem cells can come from various sources, including adipose, neuronal, bone marrow, and embryonic tissues. Choosing the optimal cell source for stem cell therapy is still a difficult verdict. A type of stem cell known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is obtainable from different sources and has a strong immunomodulatory impact on the immune system. According to mounting data, the umbilical cord and adipose tissue may serve as appropriate sources for the isolation of MSCs. Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), as novel stem cell sources with immune-regulatory effects, regenerative properties, and decreased antigenicity, can also be thought of as a new upcoming contender for MS treatment. Overall, the administration of stem cells in different sets of animal and clinical trials has shown immunomodulatory and neuroprotective results. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the different types of stem cells by focusing on MSCs and their mechanisms, which can be used to treat and improve the outcomes of MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amirmasoud Rayati Damavandi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Exceptional Talents Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvrd, Vesal Shirazi St., Tehran 1417613151, Iran
| | - Samira Moradi
- School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Chamran Blvrd., Hormozgan 7919693116, Bandar Abbass, Iran
| | - Meysam Ahmadi
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Zand St., Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
| | - Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Ibn Sina Sq., Fasa 7461686688, Iran
| | - Hossein Mottedayyen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Ravandi Blvrd, Isfahan, Kashan 8715988141, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Rayati Damavandi
- Student's Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yakhchal St., Tehran 193951498, Iran
| | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farshid Fathi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib St., Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
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Ellen O, Ye S, Nheu D, Dass M, Pagnin M, Ozturk E, Theotokis P, Grigoriadis N, Petratos S. The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11112. [PMID: 37446290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogeneous disease of the central nervous system that is governed by neural tissue loss and dystrophy during its progressive phase, with complex reactive pathological cellular changes. The immune-mediated mechanisms that promulgate the demyelinating lesions during relapses of acute episodes are not characteristic of chronic lesions during progressive MS. This has limited our capacity to target the disease effectively as it evolves within the central nervous system white and gray matter, thereby leaving neurologists without effective options to manage individuals as they transition to a secondary progressive phase. The current review highlights the molecular and cellular sequelae that have been identified as cooperating with and/or contributing to neurodegeneration that characterizes individuals with progressive forms of MS. We emphasize the need for appropriate monitoring via known and novel molecular and imaging biomarkers that can accurately detect and predict progression for the purposes of newly designed clinical trials that can demonstrate the efficacy of neuroprotection and potentially neurorepair. To achieve neurorepair, we focus on the modifications required in the reactive cellular and extracellular milieu in order to enable endogenous cell growth as well as transplanted cells that can integrate and/or renew the degenerative MS plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Ellen
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sining Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Danica Nheu
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Mary Dass
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Maurice Pagnin
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ezgi Ozturk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Stilponos Kiriakides Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melborune, VIC 3004, Australia
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12
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Mazzella M, Walker K, Cormier C, Kapanowski M, Ishmakej A, Saifee A, Govind Y, Chaudhry GR. WNT and VEGF/PDGF signaling regulate self-renewal in primitive mesenchymal stem cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2512048. [PMID: 37090660 PMCID: PMC10120760 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2512048/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Therapeutic use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is hampered due to poor growth and limited self-renewal potential. The self-renewal potential of MSCs is also affected during propagation and changes are poorly understood. This study investigated the molecular mechanism involved in the self-renewal of primitive (p) MSCs. Methods pMSCs were cultured to low passage (LP), P3, and high passage (HP), P20, in fetal bovine serum medium (FM) and xeno-free medium (XM). The characteristics of LP and HP pMSCs were evaluated for morphology, expression of cell surface markers, doubling time (DT), colony forming efficiency (CFE), proliferation by BrdU assay, telomerase activity and trilineage differentiation. We then examined transcriptome and nucleosome occupancies using RNA-seq and MNase-seq, respectively analyses. Results pMSCs grown in FM gradually changed morphology to large elongated cells and showed a significant reduction in the expression of CD90 and CD49f, CFE, proliferation, and telomerase activity. In addition, cells had a greater propensity to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage. In contrast, pMSCs grown in XM maintained small fibroblastoid morphology, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Transcriptomic analysis showed upregulation of genes involved in self-renewal, cell cycle, and DNA replication in XM-grown pMSCs. Whereas senescence genes were upregulated in cells in FM. MNase-seq analysis revealed less nucleosomal occupancies in self-renewal genes and senescence genes in pMSCs grown in XM and FM, respectively. The expression of selected genes associated with self-renewal, cell cycle, DNA replication, differentiation, and senescence was confirmed by qRT-PCR. These results led us to propose signaling pathways involved in the self-renewal and senescence of pMSCs. Conclusion We conclude that the self-renewal potential of pMSCs is controlled by WNT and VEGF/PDGF, but TGFβ and PI3K signaling induce senescence.
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13
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Extracellular vesicles: Critical bilateral communicators in periphery-brain crosstalk in central nervous system disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114354. [PMID: 36753954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that there is a comorbid mechanism between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral organs. The bilateral transmission of signal molecules in periphery-brain crosstalk plays an important role in the underlying mechanism, which result from complex networks of neurohumoral circuits. Secreted by almost all cells and considered innovative information transport systems, extracellular vesicles (EVs) encapsulate and deliver nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and various other bioactive regulators. Moreover, EVs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), they are also identified primarily as essential communicators between the periphery and the CNS. In addition to transporting molecules under physiological or pathological conditions, EVs also show novel potential in targeted drug delivery. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms implicated in the transport of EVs in crosstalk between the peripheral and the central immune systems as well as in crosstalk between the peripheral organs and the brain in CNS disorders, especially in neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and trauma. This work will help in elucidating the contributions of EVs to brain health and disorders, and promote the development of new strategies for minimally invasive treatment.
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14
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Monsour M, Gordon J, Lockard G, Borlongan CV. Stem Cells Attenuate the Inflammation Crosstalk Between Ischemic Stroke and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231184596. [PMID: 37515536 PMCID: PMC10387781 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231184596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The immense neuroinflammation induced by multiple sclerosis (MS) promotes a favorable environment for ischemic stroke (IS) development, making IS a deadly complication of MS. The overlapping inflammation in MS and IS is a prelude to the vascular pathology, and an inherent cell death mechanism that exacerbates neurovascular unit (NVU) impairment in the disease progression. Despite this consequence, no therapies focus on reducing IS incidence in patients with MS. To this end, the preclinical and clinical evidence we review here argues for cell-based regenerative medicine that will augment the NVU dysfunction and inflammation to ameliorate IS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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15
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Brianna, Ling APK, Wong YP. Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:4. [PMID: 36238449 PMCID: PMC9552054 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Stem cell therapy (SCT) is one of the vastly researched branches of regenerative medicine as a therapeutic tool to treat incurable diseases. With the use of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged tissues and congenital defects. As stem cells are able to undergo infinite self-renewal, differentiate into various types of cells and secrete protective paracrine factors, many researchers have investigated the potential of SCT in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the recent application of SCT in various intractable diseases, namely, haematological diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal degenerative disorders and COVID-19 infections along with the challenges faced in the clinical translation of SCT. Methods An extensive search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov using related keywords. Latest articles on stem cell therapy application in selected diseases along with their challenges in clinical applications were selected. Key content and findings In vitro and in vivo studies involving SCT are shown to be safe and efficacious in treating various diseases covered in this review. There are also a number of small-scale clinical trials that validated the positive therapeutic outcomes of SCT. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of SCT are highly variable as some SCT works best in patients with early-stage diseases while in other diseases, SCT is more likely to work in patients in late stages of illnesses. Among the challenges identified in SCT translation are uncertainty in the underlying stem cell mechanism, ethical issues, genetic instability and immune rejection. Conclusions SCT will be a revolutionary treatment in the future that will provide hope to patients with intractable diseases. Therefore, studies ought to be done to ascertain the long-term effects of SCT while addressing the challenges faced in validating SCT for clinical use. Moreover, as there are many studies investigating the safety and efficacy of SCT, future studies should look into elucidating the regenerative and reparative capabilities of stem cells which largely remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ying Pei Wong
- Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Li Y, Li F, Qin D, Chen H, Wang J, Wang J, Song S, Wang C, Wang Y, Liu S, Gao D, Wang ZH. The role of brain derived neurotrophic factor in central nervous system. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:986443. [PMID: 36158555 PMCID: PMC9493475 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.986443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple biological functions which are mediated by the activation of two receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor and the p75 neurotrophin receptor, involving in physiological and pathological processes throughout life. The diverse presence and activity of BDNF indicate its potential role in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment of both neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge and future directions in BDNF-associated research in the central nervous system (CNS), with an emphasis on the physiological and pathological functions of BDNF as well as its potential treatment effects in CNS diseases, including depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongdong Qin
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shafei Song
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Hao Wang,
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Ortíz GG, Briones-Torres AL, Benitez-King G, González-Ortíz LJ, Palacios-Magaña CV, Pacheco-Moisés FP. Beneficial Effect of Melatonin Alone or in Combination with Glatiramer Acetate and Interferon β-1b on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134217. [PMID: 35807462 PMCID: PMC9268121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a relevant animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation play a major role in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Melatonin, a neurohormone, has potent anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of our study was to assess the therapeutic properties of melatonin alone or in combination with interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b) or glatiramer acetate (GA) on EAE. EAE was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats with an intraperitoneal injection of a homogenate of spinal cord and pig brain. At day 10 post immunization, rats were euthanized, and their brains were immediately excised and processed to measure oxidative stress markers and membrane fluidity. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines were quantified in plasma. Melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b inhibited the disease process of EAE and the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, caused a significant decrement in oxidative stress markers, and preserved the membrane fluidity in the motor cortex, midbrain, and spinal cord. The cumulative index score was significantly reduced in EAE rats treated with melatonin alone or in combination with GA and IFNβ-1b. In conclusion, our findings provide preclinical evidence for the use of melatonin as an adjuvant therapeutic treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortíz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana Laura Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Gloria Benitez-King
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Luis Javier González-Ortíz
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Claudia Verónica Palacios-Magaña
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
| | - Fermín Paul Pacheco-Moisés
- Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.G.-O.); (C.V.P.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Click chemistry extracellular vesicle/peptide/chemokine nanomissiles for treating central nervous systems injuries. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:2202-2218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Huldani H, Abdalkareem Jasim S, Olegovich Bokov D, Abdelbasset WK, Nader Shalaby M, Thangavelu L, Margiana R, Qasim MT. Application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapeutic tools in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108634. [PMID: 35193053 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proven to have superior potential to be used astherapeutic candidates in various disorders. Nevertheless, the clinical application of these cells have been restricted because of their tumorigenic properties. Increasing evidence has established that the valuable impacts of MSCs are mainly attributable to the paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are nanosized double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles contain various proteins, lipids and miRNAs which mediate cell-to-cell communications. Due to their inferior immunogenicity and tumorigenicity, as well as easier management, EVs have drawn attention as potential cell-free replacement therapy to MSCs. For that reason, herein, we reviewed the recent findings of researches on different MSC-EVs and their effectiveness in the treatment of several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases including multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus as well as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia.
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-maarif University College, Al-anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Andrology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
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20
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Huldani H, Abdalkareem Jasim S, Olegovich Bokov D, Abdelbasset WK, Nader Shalaby M, Thangavelu L, Margiana R, Qasim MT. Application of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells as potential therapeutic tools in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Kaminska A, Radoszkiewicz K, Rybkowska P, Wedzinska A, Sarnowska A. Interaction of Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as a Promising Approach in Brain Study and Nerve Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091464. [PMID: 35563770 PMCID: PMC9105617 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid developments in stem cell research in recent years have provided a solid foundation for their use in medicine. Over the last few years, hundreds of clinical trials have been initiated in a wide panel of indications. Disorders and injuries of the nervous system still remain a challenge for the regenerative medicine. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the optimal cells for the central nervous system restoration as they can differentiate into mature cells and, most importantly, functional neurons and glial cells. However, their application is limited by multiple factors such as difficult access to source material, limited cells number, problematic, long and expensive cultivation in vitro, and ethical considerations. On the other hand, according to the available clinical databases, most of the registered clinical trials involving cell therapies were carried out with the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal/signalling cells (MSCs) obtained from afterbirth or adult human somatic tissues. MSCs are the multipotent cells which can also differentiate into neuron-like and glia-like cells under proper conditions in vitro; however, their main therapeutic effect is more associated with secretory and supportive properties. MSCs, as a natural component of cell niche, affect the environment through immunomodulation as well as through the secretion of the trophic factors. In this review, we discuss various therapeutic strategies and activated mechanisms related to bilateral MSC–NSC interactions, differentiation of MSCs towards the neural cells (subpopulation of crest-derived cells) under the environmental conditions, bioscaffolds, or co-culture with NSCs by recreating the conditions of the neural cell niche.
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22
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Abstract
ABSTRACT As human life expectancy continues to increase and the birth rate continues to decline, the phenomenon of aging is becoming more prominent worldwide. Therefore, addressing the problems associated with global aging has become a current research focus. The main manifestations of human aging are structural degeneration and functional decline of aging tissues and organs, quality of life decline, decreased ability to resist diseases, and high incidence rates of a variety of senile degenerative diseases. Thus far, no ideal treatments have been found. Stem cell (SC) therapies have broad application prospects in the field of regenerative medicine due to the inherent biological characteristics of SCs, such as their plasticity, self-renewal, and multidirectional differentiation potential. Thus, SCs could delay or even reverse aging. This manuscript reviews the causes of human aging, the biological characteristics of SCs, and research progress on age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Chang
- The Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Weiwen Fan
- The Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- The Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xiangqing Zhu
- The Stem Cells and Immune Cells Biomedical Techniques Integrated Engineering Laboratory of State and Regions, Cell Therapy Technology Transfer Medical Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Basic Medical Laboratory, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
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23
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Jasim SA, Yumashev AV, Abdelbasset WK, Margiana R, Markov A, Suksatan W, Pineda B, Thangavelu L, Ahmadi SH. Shining the light on clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:101. [PMID: 35255979 PMCID: PMC8900359 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune diseases are associated with the host immune system, chronic inflammation, and immune reaction against self-antigens, which leads to the injury and failure of several tissues. The onset of autoimmune diseases is related to unbalanced immune homeostasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells which have capability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types that exert a critical role in immunomodulation and regenerative therapy. Under the certain condition in vitro, MSCs are able to differentiate into multiple lineage such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, and neuron-like cells. Consequently, MSCs have a valuable application in cell treatment. Accordingly, in this review we present the last observations of researches on different MSCs and their efficiency and feasibility in the clinical treatment of several autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune liver disease, and Sjogren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | | | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.,Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Pineda
- Department of Neuroimmunology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suarez" (INNN), 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research ,Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Seyed Hossein Ahmadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
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Lindsay SL, Molęda AM, MacLellan LM, Keh SM, McElroy DE, Linington C, Goodyear CS, Barnett SC. Human olfactory mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis revealing an inhibitory role for IL16 on myelination. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:12. [PMID: 35093166 PMCID: PMC8800340 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of the autoimmune demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) is bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (hBM-MSCs) transplantation. However, given their capacity to enhance myelination in vitro, we hypothesised that human olfactory mucosa-derived MSCs (hOM-MSCs) may possess additional properties suitable for CNS repair. Herein, we have examined the efficacy of hOM-MSCs versus hBM-MSCs using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Both MSC types ameliorated disease, if delivered during the initial onset of symptomatic disease. Yet, only hOM-MSCs improved disease outcome if administered during established disease when animals had severe neurological deficits. Histological analysis of spinal cord lesions revealed hOM-MSC transplantation reduced blood–brain barrier disruption and inflammatory cell recruitment and enhanced axonal survival. At early time points post-hOM-MSC treatment, animals had reduced levels of circulating IL-16, which was reflected in both the ability of immune cells to secrete IL-16 and the level of IL-16 in spinal cord inflammatory lesions. Further in vitro investigation revealed an inhibitory role for IL-16 on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Moreover, the availability of bioactive IL-16 after demyelination was reduced in the presence of hOM-MSCs. Combined, our data suggests that human hOM-MSCs may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of MS via an IL-16-mediated pathway, especially if administered during active demyelination and inflammation.
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Al-Obaide M, Ishmakej A, Brown C, Mazzella M, Agosta P, Perez-Cruet M, Chaudhry GR. The potential role of integrin alpha 6 in human mesenchymal stem cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:968228. [PMID: 36212156 PMCID: PMC9535380 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.968228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are isolated from various adult and perinatal tissues. Although mesenchymal stem cells from multiple sources exhibit similar morphology and cell surface markers, they differ in their properties. In this study, we determined that the expression of integrin alpha 6 (ITGA6) and ITGA6 antisense RNA (ITGA6-AS1) correlates with the proliferation, cell size, and differentiation potential. The expression of ITGA6 was inversely correlated with ITGA6-AS1 in MSCs. The expression of ITGA6 was higher, but ITGA6-AS1 was lower in MSCs from cord placenta junction, cord tissue, and Wharton's jelly. In contrast, ITGA6 expression was lower, while ITGA6-AS1 was higher in MSCs from the placenta. The bioinformatic analysis showed that ITGA6 genomic DNA transcribes ITGA6-AS1 from the reverse strand, overlapping ITGA6 exon-2. Additionally, we identify several putative promoters (P1-P10) of ITGA6. ITGA6-P10 is CG rich and contains CGI. EMBOSS Cpgplot software revealed a CGI length of 180 bp that extends from nucleotide 125 to 304 of the P10 sequence. We suggest that the post-transcriptional regulation of the ITGA6 in mesenchymal stem cells is controlled by the ITGA6-AS1, which could be a critical factor responsible for the heterogeneity in function and cell fate of human MSCs. These results may provide further impetus for investigations to unravel the mechanisms of ITGA6 regulation that could help maintain or improve the properties of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Obaide
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Albi Ishmakej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Christina Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Matteo Mazzella
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
| | - Patrina Agosta
- Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, MI, United States
| | - Mick Perez-Cruet
- OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - G Rasul Chaudhry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States.,OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, United States
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