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Zhang H, Cao X, Gui R, Li Y, Zhao X, Mei J, Zhou B, Wang M. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal cells in solid tumor Microenvironment: Orchestrating NK cell remodeling and therapeutic insights. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113181. [PMID: 39305890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), originating from normal tissues, possess the capacity to home to tumor sites and differentiate into tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs), which are instrumental in shaping an immunosuppressive milieu within tumors. Natural killer (NK) cells, integral to the innate immune system, are endowed with the ability to eradicate target cells autonomously, serving as an immediate defense against neoplastic growths. Nonetheless, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), NK cells often exhibit a decline in both their numerical presence and functionality. TA-MSCs have been shown to exert profound inhibitory effects on the functions of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, notably NK cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which TA-MSCs contribute to NK cell dysfunction is critical for the advancement of immune surveillance and the enhancement of tumoricidal responses. This review summarizes existing literature on NK cell modulation by TA-MSCs within the TME and proposes innovative strategies to augment antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, 226321, China
| | - Rulin Gui
- Laboratory Animal Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Xinlan Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Jingyu Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Baocheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, China.
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Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Jin G, Liu F. TS-2021, a third-generation oncolytic adenovirus that carried Ki67 promoter, TGF-β2 5'UTR, and IL-15 against experimental glioblastoma. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29335. [PMID: 38149454 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, although the outcomes are partially satisfactory. Hence, more effective strategies are needed urgently to modify therapeutic viruses to enhance their efficiency and safety in killing tumor cells and improve the survival rate of GBM patients. This study generated a new-generation oncolytic adenovirus Ad5 KT-E1A-IL-15 (TS-2021) and evaluated its antitumor efficacy. Ex vivo analyses revealed Ki67 and TGF-β2 co-localized in GBM cells. In addition, TS-2021 selectively replicated in GBM cells, which was dependent on the expression of Ki67 and TGF-β2. The immunocompetent mice model of GBM demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of TS-2021 by inhibiting tumor growth and improving survival proficiently. Notably, TS-2021 effectively reduced MMP3 expression by inactivating the MKK4/JNK pathway, thereby reducing tumor invasiveness. Altogether, the findings of the present study highlight that TS-2021 can effectively target GBM cells expressing high levels of Ki67 and TGF-β2, exerting potent antitumor effects. Additionally, it can improve efficacy and suppress tumor invasiveness by inhibiting the MKK4/JNK/MMP3 pathway. Thus our study demonstrates the efficiency of the novel TS-2021 in the mouse model and provides a potential therapeutic option for patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
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Lichtor T, Tang B, Roy EJ. Cytokine Gene Vaccine Therapy for Treatment of a Brain Tumor. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 38002466 PMCID: PMC10669932 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A glioma is a malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Attempts at the surgical removal of the tumor are the first approach, but additional treatment strategies, including radiation therapy and systemic or local chemotherapy, are necessary. Furthermore, the treatments are often associated with significant adverse side effects. Normal and malignant cells generally have antigenic differences, and this is the rationale for clinical immunotherapeutic strategies. Cytokines such as IL-15 or IL-2, which stimulate an anti-tumor immune response, have been shown to have a particularly high potential for use in immunotherapy against various tumors. In this review, treatments with either a poxvirus, genetically engineered to secrete IL-15, or allogeneic fibroblasts, transfected with tumor DNA and engineered to secrete IL-2, are shown to be effective strategies in extending the survival of mice with malignant brain tumors upon intracerebral injection of the treatment cells. Future studies with these treatment strategies in patients with intracerebral tumors are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lichtor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bingtao Tang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (B.T.); (E.J.R.)
| | - Edward J. Roy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (B.T.); (E.J.R.)
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Fudaba H, Wakimoto H. Oncolytic virus therapy for malignant gliomas: entering the new era. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:269-282. [PMID: 36809883 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2184256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To overcome the challenge of treating malignant brain tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent an innovative therapeutic approach, featuring unique mechanisms of action. The recent conditional approval of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47Δ as a therapeutic for malignant brain tumors marked a significant milestone in the long history of OV development in neuro-oncology. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the results of recently completed and active clinical studies that investigate the safety and efficacy of different OV types in patients with malignant gliomas. The changing landscape of the OV trial design includes expansion of subjects to newly diagnosed tumors and pediatric populations. A variety of delivery methods and new routes of administration are vigorously tested to optimize tumor infection and overall efficacy. New therapeutic strategies such as combination with immunotherapies are proposed that take advantage of the characteristics of OV therapy as an immunotherapy. Preclinical studies of OV have been active and aim to translate new OV strategies to the clinic. EXPERT OPINION For the next decade, clinical trials and preclinical and translational research will continue to drive the development of innovative OV treatments for malignant gliomas and benefit patients and define new OV biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Fudaba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang P, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu F. Mesenchymal stem cells loaded with Ad5-Ki67/IL-15 enhance oncolytic adenovirotherapy in experimental glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114035. [PMID: 36434955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional treatment strategy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Oncolytic adenovirotherapy is a promising alternative to conventional treatment. It provides a strategic combination of direct tumor-specific cell lysis and antitumor immune promotion. Despite advances in oncolytic adenovirotherapy, limitations remain, including the host's antiviral immune response and insufficient viral infiltration into the tumor. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as innovative vehicles due to their ability to home to tumors and protect oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) from the host antiviral immune system. We developed an Ad5-Ki67/IL-15 driven by the Ki67 promoter and armed with IL-15. Using this construction, viral replication is related to Ki67 expression in GBM cells. Thus, MSCs with background Ki67 expression can help deliver higher levels of oncolytic viruses and can strike a balance between viral load and cell viability. Using in vitro assay, MSCs loaded with Ad5-Ki67/IL-15 (MSC-Ad5) were shown to exert anti-glioblastoma efficacy. Compared to previous attempts at direct intratumoral injection of high doses of viruses, MSCs loaded with lower doses of viruses exerted stronger therapeutic effects and promoted macrophage/microglia infiltration in a Vivo model. Collectively, our results suggest that the use of MSCs as vehicles of oAd is a promising strategy and deserves further investigation for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100070, People's Republic of China.
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