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Wang M, Cai C, Jin W, Zhao Y, Mu Y, Ren L, Zhao D, Liu F, Sun L. 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 protects against diabetic muscle atrophy by promoting myoblastic differentiation and protecting mitochondrial function. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155964. [PMID: 39168012 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High glucose levels are a primary cause of diabetes-associated cellular dysfunction and tissue damage. Muscles are the key insulin target organ and therefore, have a high level of sensitivity to hyperglycemia. Our previous study revealed that 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (S-Rg3) is a monomer with a good myogenic differentiation effect in ginsenoside. Furthermore, it can alleviate dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy by protecting mitochondrial function. However, whether S-Rg3 is effective for diabetic-induced muscle atrophy has not been reported. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of S-Rg3 on diabetic-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS C2C12 myoblasts, Drosophila, and mice were used as model systems, and the protective effect of S-Rg3 on diabetes was evaluated by assessing the levels of glucose and lipids. Furthermore, H&E, toluidine blue, Giemsa, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the effects of S-Rg3 on muscle atrophy and myogenic differentiation. Moreover, the effects of S-Rg3 on mitochondrial morphology and function were also evaluated by electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and Seahorse. In addition, the underlying pathways of S-Rg3 effects were detected by Western blot. The related inhibitors and gene mutations in Drosophila were used for validation. RESULTS The analysis of diabetic mice model fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and high glucose (HG) revealed that in the injured C2C12 myoblasts, S-Rg3 treatment significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides and glucose. Furthermore, it promoted the differentiation of myoblasts and inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction. In the Drosophila HG and HFD diabetic model, S-Rg3 reduced triglyceride and trehalose levels, increased climbing distance values, promoted myoblasts differentiation, preserved mitochondrial function, and inhibited muscle atrophy. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of S-Rg3 were at least partially associated with the phosphorylation of AMPK and FoxO3 together with the inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation, this pathway was validated by the UAS-AMPKα-RNAi Drosophila model. CONCLUSION In summary, this study revealed mechanistic insights into how S-Rg3 protects against diabetes-associated muscle atrophy in cells, Drosophila, and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiu Cai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Mu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun, China.
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Gohlke J, Lindqvist J, Hourani Z, Heintzman S, Tonino P, Elsheikh B, Morales A, Vatta M, Burghes A, Granzier H, Roggenbuck J. Pathomechanisms of Monoallelic variants in TTN causing skeletal muscle disease. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae136. [PMID: 39277846 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the titin gene (TTN) are known to cause a wide range of cardiac and musculoskeletal disorders, with skeletal myopathy mostly attributed to biallelic variants. We identified monoallelic truncating variants (TTNtv), splice site or internal deletions in TTN in probands with mild, progressive axial and proximal weakness, with dilated cardiomyopathy frequently developing with age. These variants segregated in an autosomal dominant pattern in 7 out of 8 studied families. We investigated the impact of these variants on mRNA, protein levels, and skeletal muscle structure and function. Results reveal that nonsense-mediated decay likely prevents accumulation of harmful truncated protein in skeletal muscle in patients with TTNtvs. Splice variants and an out-of-frame deletion induce aberrant exon skipping, while an in-frame deletion produces shortened titin with intact N- and C-termini, resulting in disrupted sarcomeric structure. All variant types were associated with genome-wide changes in splicing patterns, which represent a hallmark of disease progression. Lastly, RNA-seq studies revealed that GDF11, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is upregulated in diseased tissue, indicating that it might be a useful therapeutic target in skeletal muscle titinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Gohlke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Johan Lindqvist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Zaynab Hourani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Sarah Heintzman
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Paola Tonino
- Research, Innovation and Impact Core Facilities Department, University of Arizona, 1333 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States
| | - Bakri Elsheikh
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ana Morales
- Invitae Corporation, 1400 16th St., San Francisco, CA 94103, United States
| | - Matteo Vatta
- Invitae Corporation, 1400 16th St., San Francisco, CA 94103, United States
| | - Arthur Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 370 W 9th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Jennifer Roggenbuck
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Wang M, Chen X, Yan X, Cai C, Ren L, Zhang S, Liu F. Jie-Du-Tong-Luo formula protects C2C12 myotubes against high glucose and palmitic acid injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway in vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35423. [PMID: 39170432 PMCID: PMC11336565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In prior reports, Jie-Du-Tong-Luo (JDTL) was reported to help control insulin secretion and blood glucose in patients with diabetes, while also protecting liver and pancreatic islet cells against injury caused by exposure to high glucose (HG) levels. This study was thus developed to assess the effects of JDTL on HG and palmitic acid (PA)-induced muscle injury and to explore the mechanistic basis for these effects. Methods A model of muscle injury was established using mouse C2C12 myotubes treated with HG + PA. A proteomics approach was used to assess changes in protein levels following JDTL treatment, after which Western immunoblotting was employed to validate significantly affected pathways. Results JDTL was able to protect against HG + PA-induced muscle cell injury in this experimental system, altering lipid metabolism and inflammatory activity in these injured C2C12 myotubes. Western blotting suggested that JDTL is capable of activating PI3K/Akt/PPARγ signaling to control lipid metabolism without any corresponding impact on the inflammatory NF-κB pathway. Conclusions These data highlight the ability of JDTL to protect against HG + PA-induced injury to muscle cells, and suggest that the underlying basis for such efficacy is related to the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway-mediated modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuci Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiu Cai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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He Y, Lin T, Liang R, Xiang Q, Tang T, Ge N, Yue J. Interleukin 25 promotes muscle regeneration in sarcopenia by regulating macrophage-mediated Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112662. [PMID: 39038385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sarcopenia manifests as a chronic, low-level inflammation along with multiple inflammatory cells infiltration. Interleukin (IL)-25 can regulate the function of macrophages. However, the specific role and mechanisms through which IL-25 functions in sarcopenia are still not fully understood and require further investigation. METHODS Aged mice were utilized as sarcopenia models and examined the expression of inflammatory factors. To investigate the effects of IL-25 on sarcopenia, the model mice received IL-25 treatment and underwent in vivo adoptive transfer of IL-25-induced macrophages. Meanwhile, RAW264.7 cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages, satellite cells and C2C12 cells were used in vitro. Shh insufficiency was induced through intramuscular administration of SHH-shRNA adenoviruses. Then, various assays including scratch wound, cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays, as well as histological staining and molecular biological methods, were conducted. RESULTS Aged mice exhibited an accelerated decline in muscle strength and mass, along with an increased muscle lipid droplets and macrophage infiltration, and decreased IL-25 levels compared to the young group. IL-25 therapy and the transfer of IL-25-preconditioned macrophages could improve these conditions by promoting M2 macrophage polarization in vivo as well as in vitro. M2 macrophage conditioned medium enhanced satellite cell proliferation and migration, as well as the vitality, migration, and differentiation of C2C12 cells in vitro. Furthermore, IL-25 enhanced Shh expression in macrophages in vitro, and activated the Shh signaling pathway in muscle tissue of aged mice, which could be suppressed by either the inhibitor cyclopamine or Shh knockdown. Mechanistic studies showed that Shh insufficiency suppressed the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in muscle tissue of aged mice. CONCLUSION IL-25 promotes the secretion of Shh by M2 macrophages and activates the Shh/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which improves symptoms and function in sarcopenia mice. This suggests that IL-25 has potential as a therapeutic agent for treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geriatrics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Taiping Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiao Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianjiao Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ge
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jirong Yue
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Wei ZX, Cai XX, Fei YD, Wang Q, Hu XL, Li C, Hou JW, Yang YL, Wang YP, Li YG. Ntsr1 contributes to pulmonary hypertension by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress via JAK2-STAT3-Thbs1 signaling. Transl Res 2024; 269:64-75. [PMID: 38395391 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe clinical syndrome with pulmonary vascular remodeling and poor long-term prognosis. Neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1), serve as one of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), implicates in various biological processes, but the potential effects of Ntsr1 in PH development are unclear. The Sugen/Hypoxia (SuHx) or monocrotaline (MCT) induced rat PH model was used in our study and the PH rats showed aggravated pulmonary artery remodeling and increased right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Our results revealed that Ntsr1 induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response via ATF6 activation contributed to the development of PH. Moreover, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and phosphoproteomics were performed and the Ntsr1-JAK2-STAT3-thrombospondin 1 (Thbs1)-ATF6 signaling was distinguished as the key pathway. In vitro, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia condition showed enhanced proliferation and migration properties, which could be inhibited by Ntsr1 knockdown, JAK2 inhibitor (Fedratinib) treatment, STAT3 inhibitior (Stattic) treatment, Thbs1 knockdown or ATF6 knockdown. In addition, adeno-associated virus 1 (AAV1) were used to knockdown the expression of Ntsr1, Thbs1 or ATF6 in rats and reversed the phenotype of PH. In summary, our results reveal that Ntsr1-JAK2-STAT3-Thbs1 pathway can induce enhanced ER stress via ATF6 activation and increased PASMC proliferation and migration capacities, which can be mechanism of the pulmonary artery remodeling and PH. Targeting Ntsr1 might be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xing-Xing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu-Dong Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Wen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Li Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Wu Z, Zhang Q, Wang H, Zhou S, Fu B, Fang L, Cheng JC, Sun YP. Growth differentiation factor-11 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression by inducing Snail in human extravillous trophoblast cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 585:112190. [PMID: 38369181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell invasion is an important process during placentation. Although the placenta is normal tissue, the EVT cells exhibit some features common to cancer cells, including high migratory and invasive properties. Snail and Slug are transcription factors that mediate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event for cancer cell migration and invasion. It has been shown that GDF-11-induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression is required for EVT cell invasion. Whether GDF-11 can regulate Snail and Slug expression in human EVT cells remains unknown. If it does, the involvement of Snail and Slug in GDF-11-induced MMP2 expression and EVT cell invasion must also be defined. In the present study, using the immortalized human EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and primary cultures of human EVT cells as experimental models, our results show that GDF-11 upregulates Snail and Slug expression. ALK4 and ALK5 mediate the stimulatory effects of GDF-11 on Snail and Slug expression. In addition, we demonstrate that SMAD2 and SMAD3 are required for the GDF-11-upregulated Snail expression, while only SMAD3 is involved in GDF-11-induced Slug expression. Moreover, our results reveal that Snail mediates GDF-11-induced MMP2 expression and cell invasion but not Slug. This study increases our understanding of the biological function of GDF-11 in human EVT cells and provides a novel mechanism for regulating MMP2 and EVT cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingxin Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lanlan Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jung-Chien Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ying-Pu Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Li L, Huang C, Pang J, Huang Y, Chen X, Chen G. Advances in research on cell models for skeletal muscle atrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115517. [PMID: 37738794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in supporting and defending the body and is essential for movement. It also participates in regulating the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. Inhibition of protein synthesis and activation of degradation metabolism can both lead to the development of skeletal muscle atrophy, a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and fiber size. Many physiological and pathological conditions can cause a decline in muscle mass, but the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood, and the selection of treatment strategies and efficacy evaluations vary. Moreover, the early symptoms of this condition are often not apparent, making it easily overlooked in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use cell models to understand the etiology and influencing factors of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the methods used to construct skeletal muscle cell models, including hormone, inflammation, cachexia, genetic engineering, drug, and physicochemical models. We also analyze, compare, and evaluate the various construction and assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunman Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingqun Pang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongbin Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Institute of Health Promotion and Medical Communication Studies, Affliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, South Renmin Road 57, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, South Renmin Road 57, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China.
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Yuan Y, Xing D. Growth differentiation factor 11: A new hope for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:82-93. [PMID: 37414617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that has garnered significant attention due to its anti-cardiac aging properties. Many studies have revealed that GDF11 plays an indispensable role in the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Consequently, it has emerged as a potential target and novel therapeutic agent for CVD treatment. However, currently, no literature reviews comprehensively summarize the research on GDF11 in the context of CVDs. Therefore, herein, we comprehensively described GDF11's structure, function, and signaling in various tissues. Furthermore, we focused on the latest findings concerning its involvement in CVD development and its potential for clinical translation as a CVD treatment. We aim to provide a theoretical basis for the prospects and future research directions of the GDF11 application regarding CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Rochette L, Dogon G, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Growth differentiation factor 11: A proangiogenic drug as a potential antiaging regulating molecule. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:41-46. [PMID: 36572608 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organs and tissues are subjected to numerous alterations during aging, as a result of complex biochemical changes. Aging is certainly associated with the accumulation of "antiaging" and "proaging" factors in the systemic circulation. The effects of young blood on rejuvenation of regenerative capacity suggest the existence of multiple "proyouthful" factors, such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), in the young blood of animals. GDF11 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines, and appears to be a critical rejuvenation factor in aging organs. In the context of aging, GDF11 promotes vascular and neural plasticity of the central nervous system. Parabiosis, the surgical linking of circulations between old and young mice, was employed to identify GDF11 as an antihypertrophic factor that appears to rejuvenate the aging murine heart. Current theories suggest that GDF11 in young blood has beneficial effects on cognitive and cardiovascular functions and wound healing. The cellular mechanisms of GDF11 in cardiovascular, neurological, skin and skeletal muscle diseases are not clearly defined, but evidence indicates that it may function as a proneurogenic and proangiogenic drug. GDF11 binds and activates specific receptor complexes, which transmit signals by two procedures: the TGFβ-Smad pathway and the bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-Smad pathway. GDF11 is perhaps only the first in a series of circulating molecules that will be found to influence the aging of different tissues, and it may be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention against angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Geoffrey Dogon
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
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Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810912. [PMID: 36142826 PMCID: PMC9501428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious, progressive, and often fatal disease that is in urgent need of improved therapies that treat it. One of the remaining therapeutic challenges is the increasingly recognized skeletal muscle dysfunction that interferes with exercise tolerance. Here we report that in the adult rat Sugen/hypoxia (SU/Hx) model of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is highly significant, almost 50%, decrease in exercise endurance, and this is associated with a 25% increase in the abundance of type II muscle fiber markers, thick sarcomeric aggregates and an increase in the levels of FoxO1 in the soleus (a predominantly type I fiber muscle), with additional alterations in the transcriptomic profiles of the diaphragm (a mixed fiber muscle) and the extensor digitorum longus (a predominantly Type II fiber muscle). In addition, soleus atrophy may contribute to impaired exercise endurance. Studies in L6 rat myoblasts have showed that myotube differentiation is associated with increased FoxO1 levels and type II fiber markers, while the inhibition of FoxO1 leads to increased type I fiber markers. We conclude that the formation of aggregates and a FoxO1-mediated shift in the skeletal muscle fiber-type specification may underlie skeletal muscle dysfunction in an experimental study of PH.
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