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Ali W, Chen Y, Gandahi JA, Qazi IH, Sun J, Wang T, Liu Z, Zou H. Cross-Talk Between Selenium Nanoparticles and Cancer Treatment Through Autophagy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2931-2940. [PMID: 37817045 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03886-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is commonly referred as self-eating and a complex cellular process that is involved in the digestion of protein and damaged organelles through a lysosome-dependent mechanism, and this mechanism is essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis. Selenium is a vital trace element that plays essential functions in antioxidant defense, redox state control, and range of particular metabolic processes. Selenium nanoparticles have become known as a promising agent for biomedical use, because of their high bioavailability, low toxicity, and degradability. However, and in recent years, they have attracted the interest of researchers in developing anticancer nano-drugs. Selenium nanoparticles can be used as a potential therapeutic agent or in combination with other agents to act as carriers for the development of new treatments. More intriguingly, selenium nanoparticles have been extensively shown to impact autophagy signaling, allowing selenium nanoparticles to be used as possible cancer treatment agents. This review explored the connections between selenium and autophagy, followed by developments and current advances of selenium nanoparticles for autophagy control in various clinical circumstances. Furthermore, this study examined the functions and possible processes of selenium nanoparticles in autophagy regulation, which may help us understand how selenium nanoparticles regulate autophagy for the potential cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ali
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jameel Ahmed Gandahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Deng H, Lin X, Xiang R, Bao M, Qiao L, Liu H, He H, Wen X, Han J. Low selenium and T-2 toxin may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease by affecting AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway mediated autophagy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 279:116503. [PMID: 38810288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic, environmentally associated cartilage disease. Previous studies have shown that the environmental suspected pathogenic factors of KBD, T-2 toxin and low selenium, are involved in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy in some tissues and organs. In cartilage diseases, the level of cellular autophagy determines the fate of the chondrocytes. However, whether autophagy is involved in KBD cartilage lesions, and the role of low selenium and T-2 toxins in KBD cartilage injury and autophagy are still unclear. This work took the classical AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 autophagy regulatory pathway as the entry point to clarify the relationship between the environmental suspected pathogenic factors and chondrocyte autophagy. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the autophagy of chondrocytes in KBD patients. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to analyze the expression of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and autophagy markers. The rat model of KBD was established by low selenium and T-2 toxin, the autophagy in rat cartilage was detected after 4- and 12-week interventions. Chondrocyte autophagy was found in KBD, and the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway was down-regulated. In the rat model, the pathway showed an up-regulated trend when low selenium and T-2 toxin, were treated for a short time or low concentration, and autophagy level increased. However, when low selenium and T-2 toxin were treated for a long time or at high concentrations, the pathway showed a down-regulated trend, and the autophagy level was reduced and even defective. In conclusion, in the process of KBD cartilage lesion, chondrocyte autophagy level may increase in the early stage, and decrease in the late stage with the progression of lesion. Low selenium and T-2 toxins may affect autophagy by AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Rongqi Xiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Miaoye Bao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lichun Qiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Haobiao Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Huifang He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Xinyue Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Global Health Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712000, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Zhao P, Zhang L, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Jin XW, Zhou XQ. Novel Perspective on Mechanism in Muscle Growth Inhibited by Ochratoxin A Associated with Ferroptosis: Model of Juvenile Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) In Vivo and In Vitro Trials. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4977-4990. [PMID: 38386875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin in food and feed that seriously harms human and animal health. This study investigated the effect of OTA on the muscle growth of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its possible mechanism in vitro. Our results have the following innovative findings: (1) Dietary OTA increased the expression of increasing phase I metabolic enzymes and absorbing transporters while reducing the expression of efflux transporters, thereby increasing their residue in muscles; (2) OTA inhibited the expressions of cell cycle and myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC) and induced ferroptosis by decreasing the mRNA and protein expressions of FTH, TFR1, GPX4, and Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro; and (3) the addition of DFO improved OTA-induced ferroptosis of grass carp primary myoblasts and promoted cell proliferation, while the addition of AKT improved OTA-inhibited myoblast differentiation and fusion, thus inhibiting muscle growth. Overall, this study provides a potential research target to further mitigate the myotoxicity of OTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Zhao P, Liu X, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Jin XW, Yang J, Zhou XQ. New perspective on mechanism in muscle toxicity of ochratoxin A: Model of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 263:106701. [PMID: 37776711 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common fungal toxin that pollutes raw materials of aquatic feeds (such as corn, soybean meal, and wheat). This study explored the effects of OTA through diet on muscle toxicity in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The following results were obtained for the muscle. (1) With an increase in dietary OTA, the residue of OTA in muscle increased, muscle fiber diameter and density decreased, and even muscle fiber breakage. (2) OTA caused oxidative stress by downregulating GPx1 (a, b) and Trx via inhibited the PGC1-α/Nrf2 signaling pathway. (3) OTA exacerbated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the muscle by causing endoplasmic reticulum expansion (results of transmission electron microscopy) and upregulating the expression of GRP78, eIF2α, ATF6, PERK, and CHOP. (4) OTA reduced muscle fiber diameter by inhibiting protein synthesis (AKT, TOR, and S6K1) and promoting the mRNA expression of protein degradation-related genes (MURF1, MAFBX, and FoxO3a), as well as by reducing AKT and promoting the immunofluorescence expression of FoxO3. (5) OTA inhibits collagen deposition by downregulating TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, CTGF, TIMP, PHD, and LOX mRNA expressions as well as the CTGF immunofluorescence expression. Moreover, based on the GSH and collagen content contents, the upper safe dose for OTA-induced toxicity was 963.6 and 1129.6 μg/kg diet, respectively. Using the example of OTA, our research has provided new insights that raise concerns about the quality of aquatic products by exploring muscle toxicity caused by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan 611130, China.
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Zhang M, Li X, Cui X, Li R, Ma Z, Gao X. Selenomethionine promotes ANXA2 phosphorylation for proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 115:109277. [PMID: 36739096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (Se-Met) has many beneficial effects on higher animals and human, and can regulate cellular physiology through distinct signaling pathways. However, the role and molecular mechanism of Se-Met in skeletal muscle growth remains unclear. In this study, we observed the effects of Se-Met on C2C12 myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth of mice, and explored the corresponding molecular mechanism. Se-Met affected proliferation and protein synthesis of C2C12 myoblasts in a hormesis type of relationship, and had an optimal stimulatory effect at 50 µM concentration. Se-Met also affected mTOR, ANXA2, and PKCα phosphorylation in the same manner. ANXA2 knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on cell proliferation and protein synthesis and inhibition of Se-Met on autophagy of C2C12 myoblasts. Western blotting analysis showed that PI3K inhibition blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on mTOR phosphorylation. ANXA2 knockdown further blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on PI3K and mTOR phosphorylation. Point mutation experiment showed that ANXA2 mediated the stimulation of Se-Met on the PI3K-mTOR signaling through phosphorylation at Ser26. PKCα interacted with ANXA2, and PKCα knockdown blocked the stimulation of Se-Met on ANXA2 phosphorylation at Ser26. Se-Met addition (7.5mg/kg diet, 4 weeks) increased mouse carcass weight, promoted gastrocnemius skeletal muscle growth and ANXA2 and mTOR phosphorylation in this tissue. Collectively, our findings reveal that Se-Met can promote proliferation and protein synthesis of myoblasts and skeletal muscle growth through ANXA2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xueying Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xu Cui
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Zonghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Road 600, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingmi Road 88, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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Sun Y, Song Y, Long M, Yang S. Immunotoxicity of Three Environmental Mycotoxins and Their Risks of Increasing Pathogen Infections. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030187. [PMID: 36977078 PMCID: PMC10054902 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) are the three mycotoxins that have received the most scholarly attention and have been tested most routinely in clinics. These mycotoxins not only suppress immune responses but also induce inflammation and even increase susceptibility to pathogens. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the determining factors for the bidirectional immunotoxicity of the three mycotoxins, their effects on pathogens, and their action mechanisms. The determining factors include mycotoxin exposure doses and times, as well as species, sex, and some immunologic stimulants. Moreover, mycotoxin exposure can affect the infection severity of some pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Their specific action mechanisms include three aspects: (1) mycotoxin exposure directly promotes the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms; (2) mycotoxins produce toxicity, destroy the integrity of the mucosal barrier, and promote inflammatory response, thereby improving the susceptibility of the host; (3) mycotoxins reduce the activity of some specific immune cells and induce immune suppression, resulting in reduced host resistance. The present review will provide a scientific basis for the control of these three mycotoxins and also provide a reference for research on the causes of increased subclinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuqi Song
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Chen D, Lu H, Ma Y, Huang Y, Zhang T, Fan S, Lin W, Huang Y, Jin H, Ruan Y, Xu JF, Pi J. Trends and recent progresses of selenium nanoparticles as novel autophagy regulators for therapeutic development. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1116051. [PMID: 36819694 PMCID: PMC9931911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, one of the major intracellular degradation systems, plays an important role in maintaining normal cellular physiological functions and protecting organisms from different diseases. Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, is involved in many metabolic regulatory signaling events and plays a key role in human health. In recent years, selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have attracted increasing attentions in biomedical field due to their low toxicity, high bioavailability and high bioactivity. Taking the advantage of their advanced biological activities, Se NPs can be used alone as potential therapeutic agents, or combine with other agents and served as carriers for the development of novel therapeutics. More interestingly, Se NPs have been widely reported to affect autophagy signaling, which therefor allow Se NPs to be used as potential therapeutic agents against different diseases. Here, this review suggested the relationships between Se and autophagy, followed by the trends and recent progresses of Se NPs for autophagy regulation in different diseased conditions. More importantly, this work discussed the roles and potential mechanisms of Se NPs in autophagy regulating, which might enhance our understanding about how Se NPs regulate autophagy for potential disease treatment. This work is expected to promote the potential application of Se NPs as novel autophagy regulators, which might benefit the development of novel autophagy associated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tangxin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wensen Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yongdui Ruan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,*Correspondence: Yongdui Ruan,
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Jun-Fa Xu,
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China,Jiang Pi,
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Cao Y, Jing P, Yu L, Wu Z, Gao S, Bao W. miR-214-5p/C1QTNF1 axis enhances PCV2 replication through promoting autophagy by targeting AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Virus Res 2023; 323:198990. [PMID: 36302471 PMCID: PMC10194317 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of PCV2-associated disease, which causes a relevant economic impact on the global swine industry. Accumulating data have indicated host microRNAs play essential roles in numerous virus replication of pigs, while their roles in PCV2 replication remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that PCV2 infection downregulated the expression of miR-214-5p in PK15 cells, and miR-214-5p promoted PCV2 replication. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 (C1QTNF1) was then identified as a target gene of miR-214-5p, and C1QTNF1 suppressed PCV2 replication. Interestingly, miR-214-5p/C1QTNF1 axis negatively regulated AKT/mTOR signaling, and then enhanced PCV2 replication through promoting autophagy in PK15 cells. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the mechanism of PCV2 replication and highlight miR-214-5p and C1QTNF1 as potential novel targets for the treatment of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Pengfei Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Luchen Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhengchang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Song Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Seleno-Metabolites and Their Precursors: A New Dawn for Several Illnesses? Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090874. [PMID: 36144278 PMCID: PMC9504997 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for human health as it is involved in different physiological functions. Moreover, a great number of Se compounds can be considered potential agents in the prevention and treatment of some diseases. It is widely recognized that Se activity is related to multiple factors, such as its chemical form, dose, and its metabolism. The understanding of its complex biochemistry is necessary as it has been demonstrated that the metabolites of the Se molecules used to be the ones that exert the biological activity. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent information about its most remarkable metabolites of acknowledged biological effects: hydrogen selenide (HSe−/H2Se) and methylselenol (CH3SeH). In addition, special attention is paid to the main seleno-containing precursors of these derivatives and their role in different pathologies.
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Fang M, Hu W, Liu B. Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by selenium against mycotoxins and livestock viruses: A review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:956814. [PMID: 35982930 PMCID: PMC9378959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.956814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feed can easily be infected with molds during production and storage processes, and this can lead to the production of secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which eventually threaten human and animal health. Furthermore, livestock production is also not free from viral infections. Under these conditions, the essential trace element, selenium (Se), can confer various biological benefits to humans and animals, especially due to its anticancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to regulate immune responses. This article reviews the latest literature on the antagonistic effects of Se on mycotoxin toxicity and viral infections in animals. We outlined the systemic toxicity of mycotoxins and the primary mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced toxicity in this analysis. In addition, we pay close attention to how mycotoxins and viral infections in livestock interact. The use of Se supplementation against mycotoxin-induced toxicity and cattle viral infection was the topic of our final discussion. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is currently causing a health catastrophe, has altered our perspective on health concerns to one that is more holistic and increasingly embraces the One Health Concept, which acknowledges the interdependence of humans, animals, and the environment. In light of this, we have made an effort to present a thorough and wide-ranging background on the protective functions of selenium in successfully reducing mycotoxin toxicity and livestock viral infection. It concluded that mycotoxins could be systemically harmful and pose a severe risk to human and animal health. On the contrary, animal mycotoxins and viral illnesses have a close connection. Last but not least, these findings show that the interaction between Se status and host response to mycotoxins and cattle virus infection is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxin Fang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- *Correspondence: Manxin Fang
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Ben Liu
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Universities and Colleges for Selenium Agriculture, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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11
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Du L, Wang D, Nagle PW, Groen AAH, Zhang H, Muijs CT, Plukker JTM, Coppes RP. Role of mTOR through Autophagy in Esophageal Cancer Stemness. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071806. [PMID: 35406578 PMCID: PMC9040713 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Therapy resistance and early recurrences are major obstacles in reaching a better outcome. Esophageal cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) seem tightly related with chemoradiation resistance, initiating new tumors and metastases. Several oncogenic pathways seem to be involved in the regulation of esophageal CSCs and might harbor novel therapeutic targets to eliminate CSCs. Previously, we identified a subpopulation of EC cells that express high levels of CD44 and low levels of CD24 (CD44+/CD24-), show CSC characteristics and reside in hypoxic niches. Here, we aim to clarify the role of the hypoxia-responding mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in esophageal CSCs. We showed that under a low-oxygen culture condition and nutrient deprivation, the CD44+/CD24- population is enriched. Since both low oxygen and nutrient deprivation may inhibit the mTOR pathway, we next chemically inhibited the mTOR pathway using Torin-1. Torin-1 upregulated SOX2 resulted in an enrichment of the CD44+/CD24- population and increased sphere formation potential. In contrast, stimulation of the mTOR pathway using MHY1485 induced the opposite effects. In addition, Torin-1 increased autophagic activity, while MHY1485 suppressed autophagy. Torin-1-mediated CSCs upregulation was significantly reduced in cells treated with autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Finally, a clearly defined CD44+/CD24- CSC population was detected in EC patients-derived organoids (ec-PDOs) and here, MHY1485 also reduced this population. These data suggest that autophagy may play a crucial role in mTOR-mediated CSCs repression. Stimulation of the mTOR pathway might aid in the elimination of putative esophageal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Du
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (D.W.); (P.W.N.); (A.A.H.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Da Wang
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (D.W.); (P.W.N.); (A.A.H.G.)
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter W. Nagle
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (D.W.); (P.W.N.); (A.A.H.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andries A. H. Groen
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (D.W.); (P.W.N.); (A.A.H.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Christina T. Muijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - John Th. M. Plukker
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Section Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (L.D.); (D.W.); (P.W.N.); (A.A.H.G.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jiang H, Kan X, Ding C, Sun Y. The Multi-Faceted Role of Autophagy During Animal Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858953. [PMID: 35402295 PMCID: PMC8990858 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation to maintain cellular homeostatic by lysosomes, which ensures cellular survival under various stress conditions, including nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, high temperature, and pathogenic infection. Xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, serves as a defense mechanism against multiple intracellular pathogen types, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Recent years have seen a growing list of animal viruses with autophagy machinery. Although the relationship between autophagy and human viruses has been widely summarized, little attention has been paid to the role of this cellular function in the veterinary field, especially today, with the growth of serious zoonotic diseases. The mechanisms of the same virus inducing autophagy in different species, or different viruses inducing autophagy in the same species have not been clarified. In this review, we examine the role of autophagy in important animal viral infectious diseases and discuss the regulation mechanisms of different animal viruses to provide a potential theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies, such as targets of new vaccine development or drugs, to improve industrial production in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjin Kan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
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Ren Z, Jia G, He H, Ding T, Yu Y, Zuo Z, Hu Y, Zhong Z, Yu S, Deng H, Shen L, Cao S, Peng G, Wang Y, Cai D, Gou L, Ma X, Liu H, Zhou Z, Deng Y, Yang D, Deng J. Antiviral Effect of Selenomethionine on Porcine Deltacoronavirus in Pig Kidney Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:846747. [PMID: 35242124 PMCID: PMC8886123 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.846747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging porcine intestinal coronavirus in recent years, which mainly causes different degrees of vomiting and diarrhea in piglets and has caused great harm to the swine husbandry worldwide since its report. Selenium is an essential trace element for organisms and has been demonstrated to have antiviral effects. In this study, pig kidney epithelial (LLC-PK) cells were used to study the antiviral activity of selenomethionine (Se-Met) (2, 4, 8, and 16 μM) against PDCoV by detecting the replication of the virus, the expression of the mitochondrial antiviral signal protein (MAVS) protein, and the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), IFN-α, and IFN-β, and the changes in glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase activity, and hydrogen peroxide content in the cells. The results showed that Se-Met at higher than physiological concentrations (16 μM) could significantly inhibit the replication of PDCoV in LLC-PK cells and enhance the expression of MAVS protein and the phosphorylation of IRF-3. In addition, Se-Met also improved the intracellular production of IFNα/β and antioxidant capacity with increasing doses. These data suggest that the availability of selenium through selenomethionine supports the antiviral response in porcine kidney cells, and the specific mechanism is attributed to the improved cellular antioxidant capacity and activation of the MAVS pathway by Se-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guilin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - ZhiCai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youtian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingyong Yang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Low-Concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020121. [PMID: 35202147 PMCID: PMC8876018 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM), T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibits PRV replication and leads to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.
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Comparison of Serum and Dietary Selenium Levels in Participants with a Positive History of Recurrent Herpes Lesions and Healthy Individuals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:6083716. [PMID: 35005019 PMCID: PMC8741354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6083716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim In this study, we aimed to compare the level of serum and dietary selenium in participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions and healthy controls. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study, conducted during 2020-2021, evaluated the selenium serum level of 40 participants with a positive history of recurrent herpes labial lesions who had referred to Motahhari Laboratory in Shiraz, compared with 38 healthy controls. The selenium level of the serum was assessed by an absorption device, Atomic Graphite Furnace Model FS-240-AAS, made by a US Company. Independent T-test was used to compare the selenium level of males and females. In order to assess the mean age value and gender distribution between the two evaluated groups, the independent T-test and chi-square test were used, respectively. The serum selenium level was compered between both control and test groups. Results The level of serum selenium was not statistically correlated with its dietary level in group 1 (participants with recurrent herpes labialis, P value = 0.18) and group 2 (healthy controls, P value = 0.6). The serum selenium level was compared between groups 1 and 2, which was significantly higher in healthy controls (P value < 0.0001). In contrast, dietary selenium level was not significantly different between patients with a history of herpes labialis and healthy controls (P value = 0.48). The level of serum selenium was not statistically correlated with its dietary level in group 1 (P value = 0.18) and group 2 (P value = 0.6). Conclusion Patients with recurrent herpes labialis had lower serum selenium level as compared to the healthy controls.
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Le G, Yang L, Du H, Hou L, Ge L, Sylia A, Muhmood A, Chen X, Han B, Huang K. Combination of zinc and selenium alleviates ochratoxin A-induced fibrosis via blocking ROS-dependent autophagy in HK-2 cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 69:126881. [PMID: 34751137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium. The key target organ of OTA toxicity is the kidney, which has a significant impact on human health. Recently, nutrition regulation is suggested to be an effective protection against mycotoxins contamination. The current study investigated the combined protective effects of zinc and selenomethionine (SeMet) (a major component of organic selenium) on OTA-induced renal fibrosis and their potential mechanisms in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells). METHODS Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of OTA, zinc and SeMet on HK-2 cells was detected by cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and apoptotic nuclei assays. The expression of fibrosis biomarkers was detected by Real-Time PCR, western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by ROS assay kit. The protein expression of autophagy biomarkers was detected by western blotting assay. RESULTS Cytotoxicity was induced by OTA treatment in a dose-dependent manner, and it was attenuated by zinc or SeMet application in HK-2 cells. Zinc or SeMet application also down-regulated the expression of fibrosis biomarkers, and the combination of them displayed better effects. In addition, OTA increased intracellular ROS level and activated autophagy in a dose-dependent manner, and it was reversed by zinc and SeMet combined application. With the treatment of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or rapamycin (the specific activator of autophagy), the combined protective effects of zinc and SeMet were abolished. CONCLUSIONS Zinc and SeMet application alleviated OTA-induced cytotoxicity and fibrosis in HK-2 cells. Combination of them was more effective than its individual application. The present study manifest novel insight about the alleviation of OTA-induced nephrotoxicity by nutrition regulation, and had a guiding effect on the clinical supplementation of nutritional elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lulu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ardache Sylia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Azhar Muhmood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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In vitro and in vivo evaluation of AFB1 and OTA-toxicity through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry techniques: A systematic review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 160:112798. [PMID: 34973406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to the globalization, mycotoxins have been considered a major risk to human health being the main contaminants of foodstuffs. Among them, AFB1 and OTA are the most toxic and studied. Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the toxicological effects that AFB1 and OTA can induce on human health by using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques in vitro and in vivo models. The examination of the selected reports shows that the majority of them are focused on immunotoxicity while the rest are concerned about nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, neurotoxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive system, breast, esophageal and lung toxicity. In relation to immunofluorescence analysis, biological processes related to AFB1- and OTA-toxicity were evaluated such as inflammation, neuronal differentiation, DNA damage, oxidative stress and cell death. In flow cytometry analysis, a wide range of assays have been performed across the reviewed studies being apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis and intracellular ROS measurement the most employed. Although, the toxic effects of AFB1 and OTA have been reported, further research is needed to clarify AFB1 and OTA-mechanism of action on human health.
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Mou D, Ding D, Yang M, Jiang X, Zhao L, Che L, Fang Z, Xu S, Lin Y, Zhuo Y, Li J, Huang C, Zou Y, Li L, Wu D, Feng B. Maternal organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant capacity and reduces the inflammation level in the intestine of offspring through the NF-κB and ERK/Beclin-1 pathways. Food Funct 2020; 12:315-327. [PMID: 33300903 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is postulated to protect against inflammation in the gut by attenuating oxidative stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of maternal 2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid (HMSeBA), an organic Se source, on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and inflammation level of the offspring and its possible mechanism. Forty-three sows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following three diets during gestation: control diet, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) supplemented diet or HMSeBA supplemented diet, respectively. Samples were collected from the offspring at birth and weaning. The results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation significantly upregulated ileal GPX2 and SePP1 gene expression compared with the control and Na2SeO3 groups, while suppressed the expression of ileal IL-1β, IL-6 and NF-κB genes in newborn piglets compared with the control group. Moreover, maternal HMSeBA supplementation significantly increased the protein of ileal GPX2 and p-mTOR compared with the control and Na2SeO3 groups, but decreased the ileal p-NF-κB, Beclin-1 and p-ERK proteins in newborn piglets compared with the control group. The weaned piglets of the HMSeBA group had lower serum IL-1β and IL-6 than the piglets of the control group at 2 h of LPS challenge. In addition, after the LPS challenge, the HMSeBA group had a lower relative abundance of ileal p-NF-κB and Beclin-1 proteins than the control and Na2SeO3 groups. In conclusion, maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation can improve the offspring's intestinal antioxidant capacity and reduce the inflammation level by suppressing NF-κB and ERK/Beclin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolin Mou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Dajiang Ding
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianpeng Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Chao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China and Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Dall'Asta C, Mally A, Metzler M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06113. [PMID: 37649524 PMCID: PMC10464718 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 4.73 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 14.5 μg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL 10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL 10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.
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Guillin OM, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L. Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092101. [PMID: 31487871 PMCID: PMC6769590 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are frequently produced during viral infections. Generation of these ROS can be both beneficial and detrimental for many cellular functions. When overwhelming the antioxidant defense system, the excess of ROS induces oxidative stress. Viral infections lead to diseases characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, with oxidative stress being one of their hallmarks. In many cases, ROS can, in turn, enhance viral replication leading to an amplification loop. Another important parameter for viral replication and pathogenicity is the nutritional status of the host. Viral infection simultaneously increases the demand for micronutrients and causes their loss, which leads to a deficiency that can be compensated by micronutrient supplementation. Among the nutrients implicated in viral infection, selenium (Se) has an important role in antioxidant defense, redox signaling and redox homeostasis. Most of biological activities of selenium is performed through its incorporation as a rare amino acid selenocysteine in the essential family of selenoproteins. Selenium deficiency, which is the main regulator of selenoprotein expression, has been associated with the pathogenicity of several viruses. In addition, several selenoprotein members, including glutathione peroxidases (GPX), thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD) seemed important in different models of viral replication. Finally, the formal identification of viral selenoproteins in the genome of molluscum contagiosum and fowlpox viruses demonstrated the importance of selenoproteins in viral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Guillin
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Caroline Vindry
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Théophile Ohlmann
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Chavatte
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité U1111, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France.
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), 69622 Lyon, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), 69007 Lyon, France.
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Ebrahim N, Ahmed IA, Hussien NI, Dessouky AA, Farid AS, Elshazly AM, Mostafa O, Gazzar WBE, Sorour SM, Seleem Y, Hussein AM, Sabry D. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorated Diabetic Nephropathy by Autophagy Induction through the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120226. [PMID: 30467302 PMCID: PMC6315695 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a common cause of end-stage renal disease. Autophagy has a defensive role against kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are currently considered as a new promising therapy for chronic renal injury. However, the renal-protective mechanism of exosomes on DN is not completely understood. We examined the potential role of MSC-derived exosomes for enhancement of autophagy activity and their effect on DN. In our study, we used five groups of rats: control; DN; DN treated with exosomes; DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and chloroquine (inhibitors of autophagy); and DN treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine, and exosome groups. We assessed renal function, morphology, and fibrosis. Moreover, ratios of the autophagy markers mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin-1, light chain-3 (LC3-II), and LC3-II/LC3-I were detected. Additionally, electron microscopy was used for detection of autophagosomes. RESULTS Exosomes markedly improved renal function and showed histological restoration of renal tissues, with significant increase of LC3 and Beclin-1, and significant decrease of mTOR and fibrotic marker expression in renal tissue. All previous effects were partially abolished by the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and 3-MA. CONCLUSION We conclude that autophagy induction by exosomes could attenuate DN in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ebrahim
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
- Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Inas A Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Noha I Hussien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Arigue A Dessouky
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Samir Farid
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, QG, Egypt.
| | - Amal M Elshazly
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Bayoumie El Gazzar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Safwa M Sorour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin Seleem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, QG, Egypt.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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