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Li S, Tang X, Zhou J, Bian X, Wang J, Gu L, Zhu X, Tao R, Sun M, Zhang X, Li B. The synergy of recombinant NSP4 and VP4 from porcine rotavirus elicited a strong mucosal response. Virology 2024; 597:110130. [PMID: 38850894 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) is one of the main pathogens causing diarrhea in piglets, and multiple genotypes coexist. However, an effective vaccine is currently lacking. Here, the potential adjuvant of nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) and highly immunogenic structural protein VP4 prompted us to construct recombinant NSP486-175aa (NSP4*) and VP426-476aa (VP4*) proteins, combine them as immunogens to evaluate their efficacy. Results indicated that NSP4* enhanced systemic and local mucosal responses induced by VP4*. The VP4*-IgG, VP4*-IgA in feces and IgA-secreting cells in intestines induced by the co-immunization were significantly higher than those induced by VP4* alone. Co-immunization of NSP4* and VP4* also induced strong cellular immunity with significantly increased IFN-λ than the single VP4*. Summarily, the NSP4* as a synergistical antigen exerted limited effects on the PoRV NAbs elevation, but conferred strong VP4*-specific mucosal and cellular efficacy, which lays the foundation for the development of a more effective porcine rotavirus subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuechao Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 210014, China
| | - Xianyu Bian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Laqiang Gu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 210014, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 210014, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 210014, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210014, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 210014, China.
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Yan W, Huang S, Zhang L, Yang Q, Liu S, Wang Z, Chu Q, Tian M, Zhao L, Sun Y, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Virus-like Particles vaccine based on co-expression of G5 Porcine rotavirus VP2-VP6-VP7 induces a powerful immune protective response in mice. Vet Microbiol 2024; 298:110241. [PMID: 39226763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV), a member of the Reoviridae family, constitutes a principal etiological agent of acute diarrhea in piglets younger than eight weeks of age, and it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality within the swine industry. The G5 genotype rotavirus strain currently predominates in circulation. To develop a safe and effective porcine rotavirus vaccine, we generated an insect cell-baculovirus expression system, and successfully expressed these three viral proteins and assembled them into virus-like particles (VLPs) co-displaying VP2, VP6, and VP7. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the VP2-VP6-VP7 VLPs exhibited a "wheeled" morphology resembling that of native rotavirus particles, with an estimated diameter of approximately 65 nm. To evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these VP2-VP6-VP7 VLPs, we immunized BALB/C mice with four escalating doses of the VLPs, ranging from 5 to 40 μg of VLP protein per dose. ELISA-based assessments of PoRV-specific antibodies and T cell cytokines, including IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-γ, demonstrate that immunization with VP2-VP6-VP7 VLPs can effectively elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, resulting in a notable induction of neutralizing antibodies. On days 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-infection (dpi), the VLP-vaccinated group exhibited significantly reduced levels of PoRV RNA copy numbers when compared to the PBS controls. Histological examination of the duodenum, ileum, and kidneys revealed that VP2-VP6-VP7 VLPs provided effective protection against PoRV induced intestinal injury. Collectively, these findings indicate that the VLPs generated in this study possess strong immunogenicity and suggest the considerable promise of the VLP-based vaccine candidate in the prevention and containment of Porcine Rotavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China; Sichuan Animal Science Academy (SASA), Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qingcheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qinyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mingyue Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science. Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Tang X, Li S, Zhou J, Bian X, Wang J, Han N, Zhu X, Tao R, Wang W, Sun M, Li P, Zhang X, Li B. Recombinant bivalent subunit vaccine combining truncated VP4 from P[7] and P[23] induces protective immunity against prevalent porcine rotaviruses. J Virol 2024; 98:e0021224. [PMID: 38591886 PMCID: PMC11092341 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00212-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs) cause severe economic losses in the swine industry. P[7] and P[23] are the predominant genotypes circulating on farms, but no vaccine is yet available. Here, we developed a bivalent subunit PoRV vaccine using truncated versions (VP4*) of the VP4 proteins from P[7] and P[23]. The vaccination of mice with the bivalent subunit vaccine elicited more robust neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and cellular immune responses than its components, even at high doses. The bivalent subunit vaccine and inactivated bivalent vaccine prepared from strains PoRVs G9P[7] and G9P[23] were used to examine their protective efficacy in sows and suckling piglets after passive immunization. The immunized sows showed significantly elevated NAbs in the serum and colostrum, and the suckling piglets acquired high levels of sIgA antibodies from the colostrum. Challenging subunit-vaccinated or inactivated-vaccinated piglets with homologous virulent strains did not induce diarrhea, except in one or two piglets, which had mild diarrhea. Immunization with the bivalent subunit vaccine and inactivated vaccine also alleviated the microscopic lesions in the intestinal tissues caused by the challenge with the corresponding homologous virulent strain. However, all the piglets in the challenged group displayed mild to watery diarrhea and high levels of viral shedding, whereas the feces and intestines of the piglets in the bivalent subunit vaccine and inactivated vaccine groups had lower viral loads. In summary, our data show for the first time that a bivalent subunit vaccine combining VP4*P[7] and VP4*P[23] effectively protects piglets against the diarrhea caused by homologous virulent strains.IMPORTANCEPoRVs are the main causes of diarrhea in piglets worldwide. The multisegmented genome of PoRVs allows the reassortment of VP4 and VP7 genes from different RV species and strains. The P[7] and P[23] are the predominant genotypes circulating in pig farms, but no vaccine is available at present in China. Subunit vaccines, as nonreplicating vaccines, are an option to cope with variable genotypes. Here, we have developed a bivalent subunit candidate vaccine based on a truncated VP4 protein, which induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and protected piglets against challenge with homologous PoRV. It also appears to be safe. These data show that the truncated VP4-protein-based subunit vaccine is a promising candidate for the prevention of PoRV diarrhea.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Mice
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/immunology
- Capsid Proteins/genetics
- Diarrhea/prevention & control
- Diarrhea/virology
- Diarrhea/veterinary
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Genotype
- Immunity, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Rotavirus/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Rotavirus Infections/veterinary
- Rotavirus Infections/immunology
- Rotavirus Infections/virology
- Rotavirus Vaccines/immunology
- Rotavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- Swine Diseases/virology
- Swine Diseases/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Tang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Sufen Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianyu Bian
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Min Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Jiangsu Coinnovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, China
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Qiao M, Li M, Li Y, Wang Z, Hu Z, Qing J, Huang J, Jiang J, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Gao C, Yang C, Li X, Zhou B. Recent Molecular Characterization of Porcine Rotaviruses Detected in China and Their Phylogenetic Relationships with Human Rotaviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:453. [PMID: 38543818 PMCID: PMC10975774 DOI: 10.3390/v16030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA) is an enteric pathogen capable of causing severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. Investigating the prevalence and molecular characteristics of PoRVA in the world, including China, is of significance for disease prevention. In 2022, a total of 25,768 samples were collected from 230 farms across China, undergoing porcine RVA positivity testing. The results showed that 86.52% of the pig farms tested positive for porcine RVA, with an overall positive rate of 51.15%. Through the genetic evolution analysis of VP7, VP4 and VP6 genes, it was revealed that G9 is the predominant genotype within the VP7 segment, constituting 56.55%. VP4 genotypes were identified as P[13] (42.22%), P[23] (25.56%) and P[7] (22.22%). VP6 exhibited only two genotypes, namely I5 (88.81%) and I1 (11.19%). The prevailing genotype combination for RVA was determined as G9P[23]I5. Additionally, some RVA strains demonstrated significant homology between VP7, VP4 and VP6 genes and human RV strains, indicating the potential for human RV infection in pigs. Based on complete genome sequencing analysis, a special PoRVA strain, CHN/SD/LYXH2/2022/G4P[6]I1, had high homology with human RV strains, revealing genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains in vivo. Our data indicate the high prevalence, major genotypes, and cross-species transmission of porcine RVA in China. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of porcine RVA prevalence is essential, providing valuable insights for virus prevention and control, and supporting the development of candidate vaccines against porcine RVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meizhen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zewei Wang
- Beef Cattle Industry Development Center, Fangshan 033100, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615012, China;
| | - Jie Qing
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jiapei Huang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Junping Jiang
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunliu Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiaowen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
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5
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Snyder AJ, Agbemabiese CA, Patton JT. Production of OSU G5P[7] Porcine Rotavirus Expressing a Fluorescent Reporter via Reverse Genetics. Viruses 2024; 16:411. [PMID: 38543776 PMCID: PMC10974435 DOI: 10.3390/v16030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses are a significant cause of severe, potentially life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and the young of many economically important animals. Although vaccines against porcine rotavirus exist, both live oral and inactivated, their effectiveness in preventing gastroenteritis is less than ideal. Thus, there is a need for the development of new generations of porcine rotavirus vaccines. The Ohio State University (OSU) rotavirus strain represents a Rotavirus A species with a G5P[7] genotype, the genotype most frequently associated with rotavirus disease in piglets. Using complete genome sequences that were determined via Nanopore sequencing, we developed a robust reverse genetics system enabling the recovery of recombinant (r)OSU rotavirus. Although rOSU grew to high titers (~107 plaque-forming units/mL), its growth kinetics were modestly decreased in comparison to the laboratory-adapted OSU virus. The reverse genetics system was used to generate the rOSU rotavirus, which served as an expression vector for a foreign protein. Specifically, by engineering a fused NSP3-2A-UnaG open reading frame into the segment 7 RNA, we produced a genetically stable rOSU virus that expressed the fluorescent UnaG protein as a functional separate product. Together, these findings raise the possibility of producing improved live oral porcine rotavirus vaccines through reverse-genetics-based modification or combination porcine rotavirus vaccines that can express neutralizing antigens for other porcine enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Snyder
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Simon Hall 011, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Chantal A. Agbemabiese
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Simon Hall 011, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.A.A.)
- Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - John T. Patton
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 212 S. Hawthorne Drive, Simon Hall 011, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (A.J.S.); (C.A.A.)
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6
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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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7
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Masson L, Barbé L, Henaff F, Ahmed T, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Peltier C, Marchand SS, Scherdel P, Vibet MA, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Elenga N, Imbert-Marcille BM, Gras-Le Guen C, Le Pendu J. Extent of the protection afforded by histo-blood group polymorphism against rotavirus gastroenteritis in metropolitan France and French Guiana. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1141652. [PMID: 36970669 PMCID: PMC10036354 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1141652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rotaviruses attach to histo-blood group antigens glycans and null alleles of the ABO, FUT2 and FUT3 genes seem to confer diminished risk of gastroenteritis. Yet, the true extent of this protection remains poorly quantified. Here, we conducted a prospective study to evaluate the risk of consulting at the hospital in non-vaccinated pediatric patients according to the ABO, FUT2 (secretor) and FUT3 (Lewis) polymorphisms, in Metropolitan France and French Guiana. At both locations, P genotypes were largely dominated by P [8]-3, with P [6] cases exclusively found in French Guiana. The FUT2 null (nonsecretor) and FUT3 null (Lewis negative) phenotypes conferred near full protection against severe gastroenteritis due to P [8]-3 strains (OR 0.03, 95% CI [0.00–0.21] and 0.1, 95% CI [0.01–0.43], respectively in Metropolitan France; OR 0.08, 95% CI [0.01–0.52] and 0.14, 95%CI [0.01–0.99], respectively in French Guiana). Blood group O also appeared protective in Metropolitan France (OR 0.38, 95% CI [0.23–0.62]), but not in French Guiana. The discrepancy between the two locations was explained by a recruitment at the hospital of less severe cases in French Guiana than in Metropolitan France. Considering the frequencies of the null ABO, Secretor and Lewis phenotypes, the data indicate that in a Western European population, 34% (95% CI [29%; 39%]) of infants are genetically protected against rotavirus gastroenteritis of sufficient severity to lead to hospital visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Masson
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Barbé
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
| | - Fanny Henaff
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France
| | - Tasnuva Ahmed
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Cécile Peltier
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Inserm, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Sarah S Marchand
- Virology Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pauline Scherdel
- Clinical Investigation Center (CIC004), Inserm, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Vibet
- Clinical Research Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Narcisse Elenga
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, France
| | - Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille
- Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Inserm, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
- Virology Department, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in Immunotherapy, INCIT, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Jacques Le Pendu,
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8
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Genetic Diversity of Porcine Group A Rotavirus Strains from Pigs in South Korea. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112522. [PMID: 36423131 PMCID: PMC9695303 DOI: 10.3390/v14112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA; family, Reovirideae) strains cause acute viral gastroenteritis in piglets (especially suckling and weaned pigs), resulting in significant economic losses. In this study, we analyzed the VP7 and VP4 genes of PoRVA isolated between 2014 and 2018 from domestic pigs in South Korea to investigate the prevalence of predominant circulating genotypes (G and P types). The prevalence of the PoRVA antigen in the diarrheic fecal samples was 14.1% (53/377). Further genetic characterization of the VP7 and VP4 genes of 53 PoRVA isolates identified six different G-genotypes and five different P genotypes. The G4 and G9 genotypes were the most common (each 39.6%) in PoRVA-positive pigs, followed by P[7] and P[6] (33.9% and 30.1%, respectively). Because the G5 and G9 genotype vaccines are currently mainly used in South Korea, this result provides valuable epidemiological information about the genetic characteristics of PoRVA circulating on domestic pig farms. Development of a novel PoRVA vaccine that targets the current strains circulating in South Korea may be required for more effective virus control on pig farms.
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Zhang H, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Sui L, Li F, Zhang H, Li J, Jiang Y, Cui W, Ding G, Zhou H, Wang L, Qiao X, Tang L, Wang X, Li Y. Auxotrophic Lactobacillus Expressing Porcine Rotavirus VP4 Constructed Using CRISPR-Cas9D10A System Induces Effective Immunity in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091510. [PMID: 36146587 PMCID: PMC9504633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus (PoRV) mainly causes acute diarrhea in piglets under eight weeks of age and has potentially high morbidity and mortality rates. As vaccine carriers for oral immunization, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an ideal strategy for blocking PoRV infections. However, the difficulty in knocking out specific genes, inserting foreign genes, and the residues of antibiotic selection markers are major challenges for the oral vaccination of LAB. In this study, the target gene, alanine racemase (alr), in the genome of Lactobacillus casei strain W56 (L. casei W56) was knocked out to construct an auxotrophic L. casei strain (L. casei Δalr W56) using the CRISPR-Cas9D10A gene editing system. A recombinant strain (pPG-alr-VP4/Δalr W56) was constructed using an electrotransformed complementary plasmid. Expression of the alr-VP4 fusion protein from pPG-alr-VP4/Δalr W56 was detected using Western blotting. Mice orally immunized with pPG-alr-VP4/Δalr W56 exhibited high levels of serum IgG and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), which exhibited neutralizing effects against PoRV. Cytokines levels in serum detected using ELISA, indicated that the recombinant strain induced an immune response dominated by Th2 cells. Our data suggest that pPG-alr-VP4/Δalr W56, an antibiotic-resistance-free LAB, provides a safer vaccine strategy against PoRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Jiangsu Hanswine Food Co., Ltd., Ma’anshan 243000, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ling Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengsai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guojie Ding
- Harbin Vikeses Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Harbin 150030, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-5519-0363 (Y.L.)
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-451-5519-0363 (Y.L.)
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Li Y, Wang F, Kan R, Cao H, Tang C, Yue H, Zhang B. Genetic and immunological characterization of G9 group A porcine rotaviruses in China. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:694-703. [PMID: 35608375 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
G9 group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are considered emerging pathogens in pigs and humans, and pigs are considered a potential host reservoir for human G9 RVAs. In this study, RVAs of two genotypes, G9P[23] and G9P[13], were successfully isolated and the genomic sequences were obtained, the genome constellation is G9-P[23]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1 and G9-P[13]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1 respectively. One strain which amplified from clinic faecal sample had an unique genome constellation G9-P[23]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. All the genomic segments of three porcine G9 RVAs were closely related to those of porcine and/or porcine-like human RVAs, demonstrating that the three viruses were porcine-human reassortant strains. To study the immunogenicity of the porcine G9 RVAs, 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with inactivated vaccines derived from porcine RVAs and then mated. The highest titres of neutralizing antibodies against G9P[23] and G9P[13] porcine RVAs (1,291 ± 35.22 and 1:232 ± 39.28 respectively) were produced in mice 7 days after the second immunization. Suckling mice born to the vaccinated dams were protected by maternal antibodies against challenge with homologous strains. Overall, our data demonstrate the occurrence of porcine-human reassortants of G9 RVAs, and extend our understanding of the immunogenicity of porcine G9 rotaviruses. They also provide a basis for the development of a porcine G9 RVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengxuan Wang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruici Kan
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Cao
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of China Agricultural Research System, China, Chengdu
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key laboratory of Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Veterinary Medicine and Drug Innovation Group of China Agricultural Research System, China, Chengdu
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11
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Mertens N, Theuß T, Köchling M, Dohmann K, Lillie-Jaschniski K. Pathogens Detected in 205 German Farms with Porcine Neonatal Diarrhea in 2017. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020044. [PMID: 35202297 PMCID: PMC8879730 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal diarrhea (ND) is still a frequently observed problem in modern industrial pig production. ND is predominantly caused by bacterial and viral pathogens. The objective of this study was to give an overview of different pathogens involved in ND in Germany. In 2017, a total number of 555 litters from 205 German pig farms with clinical ND were sampled with pooled fecal samples. All samples were analyzed regarding bacterial pathogens by culture and viral pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Isolated strains of Clostridium (C.) perfringens, Escherichia (E.) coli, and C. difficile were further characterized by molecular techniques (e.g., PCR). There were 200 litters (36%), out of 555 sampled litters of 205 farms, which were positive for at least one, while most of them were positive for two or more pathogens. Toxin-producing C. perfringens type A could be detected in 122 farms (59.2%), C. difficile in 116 (56.1%), pathogenic E. coli in 79 (38.6%), and Rotavirus type A in 72 (35%). Among E. coli isolates, enterotoxigenic (8.8%) (F4 fimbriae positive (60.0%)) and necrotoxigenic E. coli (5.3%) were the most frequently detected pathotypes. In conclusion, in most of the farms with porcine ND it turned out to be a disease mainly caused by multiple pathogens, predominantly C. perfringens type A, pathogenic E. coli, and Rotavirus type A. Nevertheless, C. difficile and necrotoxigenic E. coli might be emerging pathogens in ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mertens
- Ceva Tiergesundheit, Kanzlerstraße 4, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Tobias Theuß
- Ceva Innovation Center, Am Pharmapark, 06861 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany;
| | - Monika Köchling
- Ceva Tiergesundheit, Kanzlerstraße 4, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Karen Dohmann
- IVD GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 5, 30926 Seelze-Letter, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski
- Ceva Tiergesundheit, Kanzlerstraße 4, 40472 Düsseldorf, Germany; (N.M.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-173-368-0459
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12
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Stubbs SCB, Quaye O, Acquah ME, Adadey SM, Kean IRL, Gupta S, Blacklaws BA. Full genomic characterization of a porcine rotavirus strain detected in an asymptomatic piglet in Accra, Ghana. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:11. [PMID: 31924206 PMCID: PMC6954506 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The introduction of rotavirus A vaccination across the developing world has not proved to be as efficacious as first hoped. One cause of vaccine failure may be infection by zoonotic rotaviruses that are very variable antigenically from the vaccine strain. However, there is a lack of genomic information about the circulating rotavirus A strains in farm animals in the developing world that may be a source of infection for humans. We therefore screened farms close to Accra, Ghana for animals sub-clinically infected with rotavirus A and then sequenced the virus found in one of these samples. Results 6.1% of clinically normal cows and pigs tested were found to be Rotavirus A virus antigen positive in the faeces. A subset of these (33.3%) were also positive for virus RNA. The most consistently positive pig sample was taken forward for metagenomic sequencing. This gave full sequence for all open reading frames except segment 5 (NSP1), which is missing a single base at the 5′ end. The virus infecting this pig had genome constellation G5-P[7]-I5-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1, a known porcine genotype constellation. Conclusions Farm animals carry rotavirus A infection sub-clinically at low frequency. Although the rotavirus A genotype discovered here has a pig-like genome constellation, a number of the segments most closely resembled those isolated from humans in suspected cases of zoonotic transmission. Therefore, such viruses may be a source of variable gene segments for re-assortment with other viruses to cause vaccine breakdown. It is recommended that further human and pig strains are characterized in West Africa, to better understand this dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C B Stubbs
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Volta Road, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Maame Ekua Acquah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Volta Road, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Mawuli Adadey
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Volta Road, P. O. Box LG 54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Iain R L Kean
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Srishti Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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