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Bravo A, Soberón M. Mining versus
in vitro
evolution for the selection of novel microbial insecticidal proteins. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2518-2520. [PMID: 36170342 PMCID: PMC9518981 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Mexico
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Mexico
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Vílchez S. Making 3D-Cry Toxin Mutants: Much More Than a Tool of Understanding Toxins Mechanism of Action. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090600. [PMID: 32948025 PMCID: PMC7551160 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
3D-Cry toxins, produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, have been extensively mutated in order to elucidate their elegant and complex mechanism of action necessary to kill susceptible insects. Together with the study of the resistant insects, 3D-Cry toxin mutants represent one of the pillars to understanding how these toxins exert their activity on their host. The principle is simple, if an amino acid is involved and essential in the mechanism of action, when substituted, the activity of the toxin will be diminished. However, some of the constructed 3D-Cry toxin mutants have shown an enhanced activity against their target insects compared to the parental toxins, suggesting that it is possible to produce novel versions of the natural toxins with an improved performance in the laboratory. In this report, all mutants with an enhanced activity obtained by accident in mutagenesis studies, together with all the variants obtained by rational design or by directed mutagenesis, were compiled. A description of the improved mutants was made considering their historical context and the parallel development of the protein engineering techniques that have been used to obtain them. This report demonstrates that artificial 3D-Cry toxins made in laboratories are a real alternative to natural toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vílchez
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Li R, Kang G, Hu M, Huang H. Ribosome Display: A Potent Display Technology used for Selecting and Evolving Specific Binders with Desired Properties. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 61:60-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Using phage display technology to obtain Crybodies active against non-target insects. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14922. [PMID: 29097681 PMCID: PMC5668233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are increasingly important in the biological control of insect pests and vectors of human disease. Markets for Bt products and transgenic plants expressing their toxins are driven by their specificity, safety and the move away from chemical control agents. However, the high specificity of Cry toxins can also prove to be a limitation when there is no known Cry toxin active against a particular target. Novel activities can be discovered by screening natural Bt isolates or through modifications of the Cry proteins. Here we demonstrate the use of λ-phage displaying Cry1Aa13 toxin variants modified in domain II loop 2 (Crybodies) to select retargeted toxins. Through biopanning using gut tissue from larvae of the non-target insect Aedes aegypti, we isolated a number of phage for further testing. Two of the overexpressed Cry toxin variants showed significant activity against A. aegypti larvae while another induced mortality at the pupal stage. We present the first report of the use of phage display to identify novel activities toward insects from distant taxonomic Orders and establish this technology based on the use of Crybodies as a powerful tool for developing tailor-made insecticides against new target insects.
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Ogata AF, Edgar JM, Majumdar S, Briggs JS, Patterson SV, Tan MX, Kudlacek ST, Schneider CA, Weiss GA, Penner RM. Virus-Enabled Biosensor for Human Serum Albumin. Anal Chem 2017; 89:1373-1381. [PMID: 27989106 PMCID: PMC5518940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The label-free detection of human serum albumin (HSA) in aqueous buffer is demonstrated using a simple, monolithic, two-electrode electrochemical biosensor. In this device, both millimeter-scale electrodes are coated with a thin layer of a composite containing M13 virus particles and the electronically conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) or PEDOT. These virus particles, engineered to selectively bind HSA, serve as receptors in this biosensor. The resistance component of the electrical impedance, Zre, measured between these two electrodes provides electrical transduction of HSA binding to the virus-PEDOT film. The analysis of sample volumes as small as 50 μL is made possible using a microfluidic cell. Upon exposure to HSA, virus-PEDOT films show a prompt increase in Zre within 5 s and a stable Zre signal within 15 min. HSA concentrations in the range from 100 nM to 5 μM are detectable. Sensor-to-sensor reproducibility of the HSA measurement is characterized by a coefficient-of-variance (COV) ranging from 2% to 8% across this entire concentration range. In addition, virus-PEDOT sensors successfully detected HSA in synthetic urine solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana F. Ogata
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Joshua M. Edgar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Sudipta Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | | | | | - Ming X. Tan
- Wainamics Inc., 3135 Osgood Ct, Fremont, CA 94539
| | - Stephen T. Kudlacek
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | | | - Gregory A. Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
- PhageTech Inc., 5151 California Ave. Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617
| | - Reginald M. Penner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
- PhageTech Inc., 5151 California Ave. Suite 150, Irvine, CA 92617
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