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Ghany SSHAE, Ibrahem RA, El-Gendy AO, El-Baky RMA, Mustafa A, Azmy AF. Novel synergistic interactions between monolaurin, a mono-acyl glycerol and β lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus: an in vitro study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:379. [PMID: 38584271 PMCID: PMC11000382 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major worldwide health issue is the rising frequency of resistance of bacteria.Drug combinations are a winning strategy in fighting resistant bacteria and might help in protecting the existing drugs.Monolaurin is natural compound extracted from coconut oil and has a promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus.aureus. This study aims to examine the efficacy of monolaurin both individually and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus isolates. METHODS Agar dilution method was used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against S.aureus isolates. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect morphological changes in S.aureus after treatment with monolaurin. Conventional and Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect of beta-lactamase (blaZ) gene and its expressional levels after monolaurin treatment. Combination therapy of monolaurin and antibiotics was assessed through fractional inhibitory concentration and time-kill method. RESULTS The antibacterial activity of monolaurin was assessed on 115 S.aureus isolates, the MIC of monolaurin were 250 to 2000 µg/ml. SEM showed cell elongation and swelling in the outer membrane of S.aureus in the prescence of 1xMIC of monolaurin. blaZ gene was found in 73.9% of S.aureus isolates. RT-PCR shows a significant decrease in of blaZ gene expression at 250 and 500 µg/ml of monolaurin. Synergistic effects were detected through FIC method and time killing curve. Combination therapy established a significant reduction on the MIC value. The collective findings from the antibiotic combinations with monolaurin indicated synergism rates ranging from 83.3% to 100%.In time-kill studies, combination of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics produced a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION This study showed that monolaurin may be a natural antibacterial agent against S. aureus, and may be an outstanding modulator of β-lactam drugs. The concurrent application of monolaurin and β-lactam antibiotics, exhibiting synergistic effects against S. aureus in vitro, holds promise as potential candidates for the development of combination therapies that target particularly, patients with bacterial infections that are nearly incurable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Salah Hassan Abd El Ghany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, 11566, Egypt
| | - Reham A Ibrahem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Osama El-Gendy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, 11566, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Faculty of Engineering, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farag Azmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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Qi F, Li H, Chen G, Peng S, Luo X, Xiong S, Zhu H, Shuai C. A CuS@g-C 3N 4 heterojunction endows scaffold with synergetic antibacterial effect. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113512. [PMID: 37595378 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) had aroused tremendous attention in photodynamic antibacterial therapy due to its excellent energy band structure and appealing optical performance. Nevertheless, the superfast electron-hole recombination and dense biofilm formation abated its photodynamic antibacterial effect. To this end, a nanoheterojunction was synthesized via in-situ growing copper sulfide (CuS) on g-C3N4 (CuS@g-C3N4). On the one hand, CuS could form Fermi level difference with g-C3N4 to accelerate carrier transfer and thus facilitate electron-hole separation. On the other hand, CuS could respond near-infrared light to generate localized thermal to disrupt biofilm. Then the CuS@g-C3N4 nanoparticle was introduced into the poly-l-lactide (PLLA) scaffold. The photoelectrochemistry results demonstrated that the electron-hole separation efficiency was apparently enhanced and thereby brought an approximate sevenfold increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The thermal imaging indicated that the scaffold possesses a superior photothermal effect, which effectively eradicated the biofilm by disrupting its extracellular DNA and thereby facilitated to the entry of ROS. The entered ROS could effectively kill the bacteria by causing protein, K+, and nucleic acid leakage and glutathione consumption. As a consequence, the scaffold displayed an antibacterial rate of 97.2% and 98.5% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Qi
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Huixing Li
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, China
| | - Shuping Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xingrui Luo
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shiyu Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| | - Cijun Shuai
- Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China.
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Meli Sonkoue A, Kengne IC, Tamekou Lacmata S, Jouogo Ngnokam CD, Djamalladine Djamalladine M, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Ngnokam D, Tamokou JDD. Triterpene and Steroids from Ludwigia abyssinica A. Rich (Onagraceae) Displayed Antimicrobial Activities and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:2975909. [PMID: 37078065 PMCID: PMC10110380 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2975909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties encountered in treating drug-resistant pathogens have created a need for new therapies. Synergistic combinations of antibiotics are considered as ideal strategies in combating clinical and multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. In this study, the antimicrobial activities of triterpenes and steroids from Ludwigia abyssinica A. Rich (Onagraceae) and their combined effects with antibiotics were assessed. The associations between plant constituents and antibiotics were evaluated by determining their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs). Sitost-5-en-3β-ol formiate (1), 5α,6β-dihydroxysitosterol (2), and maslinic acid (3) were isolated from the L. abyssinica ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract. The EtOAc extract, compounds 1, 2, and 3 (MIC = 16-128 µg/mL) would be the best antibacterial and antifungal agents. The antimicrobial activities of amoxicillin were relatively weak against MDR Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri and significant against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. However, when used in association with plant constituents, it displayed an interesting synergistic effect. Among plant components-antibiotic combinations, the EtOAc extract and compound 1 (steroid) showed a synergistic effect with amoxicillin/fluconazole against all the tested microorganisms whereas the association of compound 3 (triterpenoid) and amoxicillin/fluconazole displayed an additive effect against Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli and a synergistic effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts and compounds isolated from L. abyssinica. The findings of the current study also showed that the potency of antibiotics was improved when screened in combination with L. abyssinica components, supporting the drug combination strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Meli Sonkoue
- Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Irene Chinda Kengne
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Stephen Tamekou Lacmata
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Claudia Darille Jouogo Ngnokam
- Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mahamat Djamalladine Djamalladine
- Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Bat. 18 B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, Reims, France
| | - David Ngnokam
- Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean-de-Dieu Tamokou
- Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
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Singh K, Coopoosamy RM, Gumede NJ, Sabiu S. Computational Insights and In Vitro Validation of Antibacterial Potential of Shikimate Pathway-Derived Phenolic Acids as NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082601. [PMID: 35458799 PMCID: PMC9031328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the efflux pump systems is the most important mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, as it contributes to reduced concentration and the subsequent inactivity of administered antibiotics. NorA is one of the most studied antibacterial targets used as a model for efflux-mediated resistance. The present study evaluated shikimate pathway-derived phenolic acids against NorA (PDB ID: 1PW4) as a druggable target in antibacterial therapy using in silico modelling and in vitro methods. Of the 22 compounds evaluated, sinapic acid (−9.0 kcal/mol) and p-coumaric acid (−6.3 kcal/mol) had the best and most prominent affinity for NorA relative to ciprofloxacin, a reference standard (−4.9 kcal/mol). A further probe into the structural stability and flexibility of the resulting NorA-phenolic acids complexes through molecular dynamic simulations over a 100 ns period revealed p-coumaric acid as the best inhibitor of NorA relative to the reference standard. In addition, both phenolic acids formed H-bonds with TYR 76, a crucial residue implicated in NorA efflux pump inhibition. Furthermore, the phenolic acids demonstrated favourable drug likeliness and conformed to Lipinski’s rule of five for ADME properties. For the in vitro evaluation, the phenolic acids had MIC values in the range 31.2 to 62.5 μg/mL against S. aureus, and E. coli, and there was an overall reduction in MIC following their combination with ciprofloxacin. Taken together, the findings from both the in silico and in vitro evaluations in this study have demonstrated high affinity of p-coumaric acid towards NorA and could be suggestive of its exploration as a novel NorA efflux pump inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Roger M. Coopoosamy
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Durban 4026, South Africa;
| | - Njabulo J. Gumede
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Durban 4026, South Africa;
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Development of an intelligent, stimuli-responsive transdermal system for efficient delivery of Ibuprofen against rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121242. [PMID: 34737113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to fabricate and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of pH-responsive Ibuprofen (IB) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded transdermal hydrogel against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The IB loaded Eudragit® L 100 (EL 100) nanoparticles were formulated through a modified nanoprecipitation technique and optimized using central composite design software. The optimized NPs were loaded into Carbopol® 934-based hydrogel by solvent evaporation method and were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics. The mean particle size of the prepared NPs was 48 nm with an entrapment efficiency of 90%. The transdermal hydrogel showed a pH-responsive sustained drug release and high penetration through the skin. Moreover, the prepared nanocarrier system exhibited therapeutic efficacy at inflamed joints' sites both in acute and chronic RA mice model. The therapeutic efficacy of the prepared formulation was confirmed through the results of various behavioral, biochemical, and cytokines-based assays. Similarly, the assessment of histopathological and radiological images, as well as the skin irritation studies further strengthens the potential use of the prepared formulation through the transdermal route. The current findings suggested that IB loaded pH-responsive NPs based transdermal hydrogel can be used as an efficient agent to manage RA.
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Dassanayake MK, Khoo TJ, An J. Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34856999 PMCID: PMC8641154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Vardeman E, Vandebroek I. Caribbean Women's Health and Transnational Ethnobotany. ECONOMIC BOTANY 2021; 76:205-226. [PMID: 34522053 PMCID: PMC8432280 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-021-09526-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Caribbean Women's Health and Transnational Ethnobotany. Immigrants from the Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti are among the top foreign-born communities in New York City (NYC). As people migrate to new countries, they bring their ethnomedical beliefs and practices, and adapt their plant pharmacopoeias. Haiti and the DR share a flora on the island of Hispaniola. In NYC, the flora is limited to what is available in the city. We selected plants for future laboratory research based on ethnobotanical data from two surveys among Dominicans in the DR and NYC, and a Haitian literature review. In both Dominican datasets, gynecological infections were the top women's health condition treated with plants. We identified 10 species for this purpose reported by Dominicans that are also known medicines in Haitian culture, although not yet documented for women's health. Plants for gynecological infections potentially cause dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, and may increase rather than prevent disease. There is a public health need to assess traditional medicines for their ability to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, while causing minimal disruption to the vaginal flora. Several species are known antibacterials, but remain to be tested for their efficacy. These results also provide a foundation for a planned ethnobotanical survey among NYC Haitian women. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12231-021-09526-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Vardeman
- The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Ina Vandebroek
- The New York Botanical Garden, Institute of Economic Botany, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
- City University of New York, Graduate Center, 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Adesanya EO, Sonibare MA, Ajaiyeoba EO, Egieyeh SA. Compounds isolated from hexane fraction of Alternanthera brasiliensis show synergistic activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a “serious threat” by the centre for Disease Control, USA. Alternanthera brasiliensis plant, usually found on wasteland, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is traditionally used for wound healing and has shown antimicrobial effect. Yet, this plant has not been fully explored for its antibacterial activity. Hence, this study evaluated isolated compounds from this plant for its activity against MRSA infections. The leaves extracts and fractions were prepared and concentrated in vacuo using a rotatory evaporator. Isolated compounds were obtained through vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) techniques and structurally elucidated with various spectroscopic techniques. Anti-MRSA assay of the fraction and compounds were evaluated by agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution methods while checkerboard assay was used to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed fatty acid and carboxylic acid components like hexadecanoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Fettsäure. The compounds AbHD1 and AbHD5 were identified as hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate. Anti-MRSA assay shows that A. brasiliensis hexane fraction (AbHF) and the compounds had zones of inhibitions (Zi) ranging from 7.3 ± 0.5 to 17.5 ± 0.5 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.22 × 10−5 – 2.5 mg/mL. Synergistic effects were observed between AbHF and erythromycin, AbHF and ampicillin and AbHF and ciprofloxacin with FICi 0.208–0.375 in K1St4 strain while amoxicillin revealed antagonistic effects against M91 strain (4.67). Similarly, hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate showed synergistic behaviour only with ampicillin against K1St4 while the rest were antagonistic. The study revealed that hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from A. brasiliensis showed synergistic activity in variations against MRSA isolate and strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mubo Adeola Sonibare
- Department of Pharmacognosy , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria
| | | | - Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy , School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape , Cape Town , South Africa
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Chen K, Yuan S, Wang D, Qi D, Chen F, Qiu X. Curcumin-loaded high internal phase emulsions stabilized with lysine modified lignin: a biological agent with high photothermal protection and antibacterial properties. Food Funct 2021; 12:7469-7479. [PMID: 34196335 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections and multidrug resistance can seriously endanger the health and lives of humans, therefore the development of novel and efficient antibacterial strategies and drugs is urgently needed. Herein, a series of highly biocompatible lysine modified enzymatic hydrolysis lignins (EHL-Lys-x) were synthesized using the Mannich reaction. The sterilizing efficiency of EHL-Lys-2.0 against S. aureus and E. coli at 20 mg mL-1 is 93% and 50%, respectively, which is 26% higher than pure EHL. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that the adsorption and adhesive force between EHL-Lys-x and bacteria increase with the increased amount of grafting of Lys on EHL owing to the increase of the electrostatic interaction between the EHL-Lys-x and bacteria, which results in an improvement in the antimicrobial activity of EHL-Lys-x. Subsequently, EHL-Lys-x combined with alkyl polyglucoside (APG) was used to stabilize the high internal phase emulsion containing curcumin (HIPEs-cur). The dispersed phase fraction of HIPE-cur is 87 vol%, which is the highest internal phase reported to date in the medical research area. The highest residual levels of curcumin in HIPEs are 60-fold, 3-fold and 5-fold compared to that in bulk oil after treatment with UV radiation, thermal emittance and after storage, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of HIPEs-cur against S. aureus and E. coli were found to be 1.56 and 6.25 mg mL-1, respectively, which are far higher than that of pure EHL-Lys-x. This strategy not only increases the chemical stability and bioavailability of curcumin, but also provides a novel method for the application of lignin in biomedical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- College or Textile Science and Engineering (International institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Recent strategies for inhibiting multidrug-resistant and β-lactamase producing bacteria: A review. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 205:111901. [PMID: 34116398 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drugs for treating bacterial infections, but their clinical effectiveness has been severely affected with bacteria developing resistance against their action. Production of β-lactamase enzymes by bacteria that can degrade β-lactams is the most common mechanism of acquiring such resistance, leading to the emergence of multiple-drug resistance in them. Therefore, the development of efficient approaches to combat infections caused by β-lactamase producing and multidrug-resistant bacteria is the need of the hour. The present review attempts to understand such recent strategies that are in line for development as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. We find that apart from efforts being made to develop new antibiotics, several other approaches are being explored, which can help tackle infections caused by resistant bacteria. This includes the development of plant-based drugs, antimicrobial peptides, nano-formulations, bacteriophage therapy, use of CRISPR-Cas9, RNA silencing and antibiotic conjugates with nanoparticles of antimicrobial peptides. The mechanism of action of these novel approaches and potential issues limiting their translation from laboratory to clinics is also discussed. The review is important from an interesting knowledge base which can be useful for researchers working in this domain.
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Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8279-8297. [PMID: 32857200 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a great challenge in spite of decade research of antibacterial compounds. Even though some synthetic antibiotics have been developed, they are not effective against MRSA, and hence, there is a search for natural, alternative and plant-based antibacterial compound. In this connection, catechin isolated from cashew nut shell was investigated for its antibacterial potential against MRSA. Catechin exhibited zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 15.1-19.5 mm and 78.1-156.2 μg/ml, respectively, against ATCC and clinical isolates of MRSA. Among all clinical isolates, clinical isolate-3 exhibited highest sensitivity to catechin. Catechin has arrested the growth of MRSA strains and also caused toxicity by membrane disruption which was illustrated by AO/EB fluorescence staining. Increased nucleic acid leakage (1.58-28.6-fold) and protein leakage (1.40-23.50-fold) was noticed in MRSA due to catechin treatment when compared to methicillin. Bacteria treated with catechin at its MIC showed 1.52-, 1.87- and 1.74-fold increase of ROS production in methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA and clinical isolate-3 strains, respectively, as compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (5.31-9.63 U/mg protein) and catalase (1573-3930 U/mg protein) were significantly decreased as compared to control in catechin-treated S. aureus. Thus, catechin exhibited antibacterial activity through oxidative stress by increased production of ROS and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Altogether results suggest that catechin is a promising lead compound with antibacterial potential against MRSA. KEY POINTS: • Catechin was isolated and identified as active compound in cashew nut shell. • Catechin exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA. • Bacterial cell wall damage was caused by catechin in MRSA strains. • Catechin increased the oxidative stress in MRSA by intracellular ROS production.
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Antimicrobial Lipids from Plants and Marine Organisms: An Overview of the Current State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9080441. [PMID: 32722192 PMCID: PMC7459900 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9080441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the actual post-antibiotic era, novel ways of rethinking antimicrobial research approaches are more urgent than ever. Natural compounds with antimicrobial activity such as fatty acids and monoacylglycerols have been investigated for decades. Additionally, the interest in other lipid classes as antimicrobial agents is rising. This review provides an overview on the research about plant and marine lipids with potential antimicrobial activity, the methods for obtaining and analyzing these compounds, with emphasis on lipidomics, and future perspectives for bioprospection and applications for antimicrobial lipids. Lipid extracts or lipids isolated from higher plants, algae or marine invertebrates are promising molecules to inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms. These lipids include a variety of chemical structures. Present and future challenges in the research of antimicrobial lipids from natural origin are related to the investment and optimization of the analytical workflow based on lipidomics tools, complementary to the bioassay-guided fractionation, to identify the active compound(s). Also, further work is needed regarding the study of their mechanism of action, the structure-activity relationship, the synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and the eventual development of resistance to lipids, which, as far as is known, is unlikely.
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