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Miranda-López A, González-Ortega O, Govea-Alonso DO, Betancourt-Mendiola L, Comas-García M, Rosales-Mendoza S. Rational design and production of a chimeric antigen targeting Zika virus that induces neutralizing antibodies in mice. Vaccine 2024; 42:3674-3683. [PMID: 38749821 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is considered a public health problem worldwide due to its association with the development of microcephaly and the Guillain-Barré syndrome. Currently, there is no specific treatment or vaccine approved to combat this disease, and thus, developing safe and effective vaccines is a relevant goal. In this study, a multi-epitope protein called rpZDIII was designed based on a series of ZIKV antigenic sequences, a bacterial carrier, and linkers. The analysis of the predicted 3D structure of the rpZDIII chimeric antigen was performed on the AlphaFold 2 server, and it was produced in E. coli and purified from inclusion bodies, followed by solubilization and refolding processes. The yield achieved for rpZDIII was 11 mg/L in terms of pure soluble recombinant protein per liter of fermentation. rpZDIII was deemed immunogenic since it induced serum IgG and IgM responses in mice upon subcutaneous immunization in a three-dose scheme. Moreover, sera from mice immunized with rpZDIII showed neutralizing activity against ZIKV. Therefore, this study reveals rpZDIII as a promising immunogen for the development of a rationally designed multi-epitope vaccine against ZIKV, and completion of its preclinical evaluation is guaranteed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleth Miranda-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, México
| | - Omar González-Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, México; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210 México
| | - Dania O Govea-Alonso
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210 México
| | - Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, México; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210 México
| | - Mauricio Comas-García
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210, México; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Parque Chapultepec 1570, San Luis, S.L.P., San Luis Potosí 78210, México.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, México; Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, San Luis Potosí 78210 México.
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Shen L, Luo H, Fan L, Tian X, Tang A, Wu X, Dong K, Su Z. Potential Immunoregulatory Mechanism of Plant Saponins: A Review. Molecules 2023; 29:113. [PMID: 38202696 PMCID: PMC10780299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Saponins are extracted from different parts of plants such as seeds, roots, stems, and leaves and have a variety of biological activities including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory effects, and hypoglycemic properties. They demonstrate inherent low immunogenicity and possess the capacity to effectively regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Plant saponins can promote the growth and development of the body's immune organs through a variety of signaling pathways, regulate the activity of a variety of immune cells, and increase the secretion of immune-related cytokines and antigen-specific antibodies, thereby exerting the role of immune activity. However, the chemical structure of plant saponins determines its certain hemolytic and cytotoxicity. With the development of science and technology, these disadvantages can be avoided or reduced by certain technical means. In recent years, there has been a significant surge in interest surrounding the investigation of plant saponins as immunomodulators. Consequently, the objective of this review is to thoroughly examine the immunomodulatory properties of plant saponins and elucidate their potential mechanisms, with the intention of offering a valuable point of reference for subsequent research and advancement within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhong Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hao Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Anguo Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, The Medical Research Center for Cow Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Sichuan Yuqiang Herbal Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhetong Su
- Guangxi Innovates Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Lipu 546600, China
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Du J, Wang T, Xu L, Wang C, Liu Y, Pan C, Chen X, Zhu Z, Luo Y, Yin C. Clostridium perfringens epsilon prototoxin mutant rpETX Y30A/Y71A/H106P/Y196A as a vaccine candidate against enterotoxemia. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00719-3. [PMID: 37357076 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX) is secreted by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens)as a relatively inactive prototoxin (pETX), which is enzymatically activated to ETX by removing carboxy-terminal and amino-terminal peptides. Genetically engineered ETX mutants have been shown to function as potential vaccine candidates in the prevention of the enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens. In the present study, two recombinant site-directed mutants of pETX, rpETXY30A/Y71A/H106P/Y196A (rpETXm41) and rpETXY30A/H106P/Y196A/F199E (rpETXm42), were synthesized by mutating four essential amino acid residues (Tyr30, Tyr71, His106, Tyr196 or Phe199). Compared to recombinant pETX (rpETX), both rpETXm41 and rpETXm42 lacked the detectable toxicity in MDCK cells and mice, which suggested that both rpETXm41 and rpETXm42 are sufficiently safe to be vaccine candidates. Despite the fact that rpETXm41 and rpETXm42 were reactogenic with polyclonal antibodies against crude ETX, both single- and double-dose vaccination (Vs and Vd, respectively) of rpETXm41 induced a higher level of IgG titer and protection in mice than that of rpETXm42. Therefore, we selected rpETXm41 for the further study. Sheep received Vs of 150 μg rpETXm41 developed significant levels of toxin-neutralizing antibodies persisting for at least 6 months, which conferred protection against crude ETX challenge without microscopic lesions. These data suggest that genetically detoxified rpETXY30A/Y71A/H106P/Y196A could form the basis of a next-generation enterotoxemia vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jige Du
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Tuanjie Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing 100070, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenfan Pan
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Yin
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, PR China.
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Pitcovski J, Gruzdev N, Abzach A, Katz C, Ben-Adiva R, Brand-Shwartz M, Yadid I, Ratzon-Ashkenazi E, Emquies K, Israeli H, Haviv H, Rapoport I, Bloch I, Shadmon R, Eitan Z, Eliahu D, Hilel T, Laster M, Kremer-Tal S, Byk-Tennenbaum T, Shahar E. Oral subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces systemic neutralizing IgG, IgA and cellular immune responses and can boost neutralizing antibody responses primed by an injected vaccine. Vaccine 2022; 40:1098-1107. [PMID: 35078662 PMCID: PMC8768024 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its devastating medical and economic impacts, triggered an unprecedented race toward development of effective vaccines. The commercialized vaccines are parenterally administered, which poses logistic challenges, while adequate protection at the mucosal sites of virus entry is questionable. Furthermore, essentially all vaccine candidates target the viral spike (S) protein, a surface protein that undergoes significant antigenic drift. This work aimed to develop an oral multi-antigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprised of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral S protein, two domains of the viral nucleocapsid protein (N), and heat-labile enterotoxin B (LTB), a potent mucosal adjuvant. The humoral, mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses of both a three-dose vaccination schedule and a heterologous subcutaneous prime and oral booster regimen were assessed in mice and rats, respectively. Mice receiving the oral vaccine compared to control mice showed significantly enhanced post-dose-3 virus-neutralizing antibody, anti-S IgG and IgA production and N-protein-stimulated IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion by T cells. When administered as a booster to rats following parenteral priming with the viral S1 protein, the oral vaccine elicited markedly higher neutralizing antibody titres than did oral placebo booster. A single oral booster following two subcutaneous priming doses elicited serum IgG and mucosal IgA levels similar to those raised by three subcutaneous doses. In conclusion, the oral LTB-adjuvanted multi-epitope SARS-CoV-2 vaccine triggered versatile humoral, cellular and mucosal immune responses, which are likely to provide protection, while also minimizing technical hurdles presently limiting global vaccination, whether by priming or booster programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Pitcovski
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Nady Gruzdev
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Anna Abzach
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Chen Katz
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ran Ben-Adiva
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Yadid
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | | | - Ken Emquies
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadasa Israeli
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Hadar Haviv
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Irena Rapoport
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | - Dalia Eliahu
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Talia Hilel
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Ehud Shahar
- MIGAL Research Institute in the Galilee, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel.
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Alimolaei M, Golchin M, Baluch-Akbari A. Immunogenicity of a recombinant Lactobacillus casei, surface-expressed H 151P mutant of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin and its protective responses in BALB/c mice. Toxicon 2021; 200:173-179. [PMID: 34324946 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx) is the most important virulence factor of type D C. perfringens in ruminants. The recombinant vaccines can be used against Etx intoxication. This study aimed to investigate the humoral immune responses of mice against a recombinant Lactobacillus casei which surface-expressed H151P mutant of Etx (L. casei-ε) after oral and parenteral immunization routes. The protective immunity was determined by challenge with trypsin-activated Etx. Higher humoral immune responses were seen in parenterally vaccinated mice with Freund's-adjuvanted L. casei-ε than non-adjuvanted and negative controls (P<0.05). In the oral immunized mice, L. casei-ε displayed a significant difference in IgG titres compared with the negative controls. Challenge results showed full protection of oral immunized mice against one and two MLDs, and partial protection against 10 MLD of the trypsin-activated Etx, whereas, the parenteral immunized mice only induced 75 % of protection against one MLD. This may be related to the appropriate immunity responses by L. casei-ε at the mucosal surfaces, which highlights the role of the oral immunization. Thus, L. casei-ε can be considered as an oral vaccine candidate against Etx intoxication and enterotoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Alimolaei
- Department of Research and Technology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman Branch, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Golchin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amin Baluch-Akbari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
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Karan S, Choudhury D, Dixit A. Enhanced expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli by co-expression with Vibrio parahaemolyticus CsgG, a pore-forming protein of the curli biogenesis pathway. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1611-1629. [PMID: 33025668 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To test whether engineered nanopores on the outer membrane (OM) of Escherichia coli can increase expression of heterologous proteins by making additional nutrients available to the host. METHODS AND RESULTS Outer membrane nanopores were generated by expressing recombinant Vibrio parahaemolyticus CsgG (rVpCsgG), which spontaneously assembles into a pore-forming channel on the OM, allowing spontaneous diffusion of small chemical entities from the exterior. Protein expression was probed using a reporter protein, sfGFP, expressed on a second compatible plasmid. OM pore formation was shown by acquired erythromycin sensitivity in cells transformed with rVpCsgG, influx of propidium iodide as well as by surface localization of recombinant CsgG by immunogold-labeled transmission electron microscopy. Expression of recombinant CsgG showed increased growth and also enhanced expression of sfGFP in minimal medium and is due to both enhanced transcription as well as translation. Similar enhancement of expression was also observed for a number of different proteins of different origin, sizes and nature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly demonstrate that engineered nanopores on the OM of E. coli enhance expression of different heterologous proteins in minimal medium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Vibrio parahaemolyticus CsgG β-nanopore mediated co-expression strategy to improve recombinant protein expression is fully compatible with other methods of protein expression enhancement, and therefore can be a useful tool in biotechnology particularly for whole-cell bio-transformations for production of secondary metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - D Choudhury
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - A Dixit
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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