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Han J, Zhu J, Liu S, Sun X, Wang S, Miao G. Enhancing tomato disease resistance through endogenous antifungal proteins and introduced nematode-targeting dsRNA of biocontrol agent Bacillus velezensis HS-3. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3839-3851. [PMID: 38511614 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a type of biological control agent (BCA), Bacillus velezensis possesses the efficacy of inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms, promoting plant growth, and overcoming continuous cropping obstacles (CCOs). However, there is limited reporting on the optimization of the cultivation conditions for such biocontrol agents and their role as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery vectors. RESULTS In this study, a Bacillus velezensis strain HS-3 was isolated from the root zone of tomato plants with in vitro anti-Botrytis cinerea activity. The investigation into active compounds revealed that HS-3 predominantly employs proteins with molecular weights greater than 3 kDa for its antifungal activity. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis identified various proteases and chitosanase, further suggesting that HS-3 most likely employs these enzymes to degrade fungal cell walls for its antifungal effect. To optimize the production of extracellular proteins, fermentation parameters for HS-3 were systematically optimized, leading to an optimized medium (OP-M). HS-3 cultured in OP-M demonstrated enhanced capacity to assist tomato plants in withstanding CCOs. However, the presence of excessive nematodes in diseased soil resulted in the disease severity index (DSI) remaining high. An RNA interference mechanism was further introduced to HS-3, targeting the nematode tyrosine phosphatase (TP) gene. Ultimately, HS-3 expressing dsRNA of TP in OP-M effectively assisted tomatoes in mitigating CCOs, reducing DSI to 2.2% and 17.8% of the control after 45 and 90 days of growth, respectively. CONCLUSION The advantages of Bacillus velezensis in crop disease management and the mitigation of CCOs become even more pronounced when utilizing both optimized levels of endogenous enzymes and introduced nematode-targeting dsRNA. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
- Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Jinchi Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Xuehan Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Shunchang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
| | - Guopeng Miao
- Department of Bioengineering, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
- Institute of Digital Ecology and Health, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource and Environmental Biotechnology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, China
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Ueki A, Tonouchi A, Kaku N, Honma S, Ueki K. Clostridium omnivorum sp. nov., isolated from anoxic soil under the treatment of reductive soil disinfestation. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38861306 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD), also known as biological soil disinfestation, is a bioremediation method used to suppress soil-borne plant pathogens by stimulating the activity of indigenous anaerobic bacteria in the soil. An anaerobic bacterial strain (E14T) was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to RSD treatment and then comprehensively characterized. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, curved to sigmoid, and spore-forming rods. Cells were motile with a polar flagellum. Strain E14T grew in peptone-yeast extract broth, indicating that it utilized proteinous compounds. Strain E14T was also saccharolytic and produced acetate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate and gases (H2 and CO2) as fermentation products. The strain did not decompose any of examined polysaccharides except for starch. The major cellular fatty acids of strain E14T were iso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 DMA. The closest relative to strain E14T, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, was Clostridium thermarum SYSU GA15002T (96.2 %) in the Clostridiaceae. Whole-genome analysis of strain E14T showed that its genome was 4.66 Mb long with a genomic DNA G+C content of 32.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANIb) between strain E14T and C. thermarum SYSU GA15002T was 69.0 %. The presence of the genes encoding glycolysis and butyrate production via the acetyl-CoA pathway was confirmed through genome analysis. Based on the obtained phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data, we propose that strain E14T should be assigned to the genus Clostridium in the family Clostridiaceae as Clostridium omnivorum sp. nov. The type strain is E14T (=NBRC 115133T=DSM 114974T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Tonouchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Sachi Honma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
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Ueki A, Tonouchi A, Kaku N, Ueki K. Anaeromicropila herbilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a plant polysaccharide-decomposing anaerobic bacterium isolated from anoxic soil subjected to reductive soil disinfestation, and reclassification of Clostridium populeti as Anaeromicropila populeti comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 36748612 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain (TB5T) was isolated from a soil sample subjected to reductive or biological soil disinfestation. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming and motile rods. The strain grew at 15–40 °C (optimum, 37 °C) and pH 5.4–7.5 (optimum, pH 7.3). Strain TB5Tutilized a wide variety of carbohydrates including polysaccharides (cellulose, xylan, starch, inulin, glucomannan and laminarin) and organic acids. Acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 were products from the substrates utilized. The major components of the cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1
ω7c DMA, C16 : 0 DMA and C18 : 1
ω7c DMA. The diagnostic amino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The closest related species to strain TB5T based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was
Clostridium populeti
743AT (95.4 % sequence similarity). The genome size of strain TB5T was 5.09 Mb and the genomic DNA G+C content was 32.7 mol%. Strain TB5T had genes encoding polysaccharide-decomposing enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, β-glucosidase and β-mannosidase in the genome. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data, a novel species of a novel genus in the family
Lachnospiraceae
, Anaeromicropila herbilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate the strain. The type species is Anaeromicropila herbilytica with strain TB5T (=NBRC 112093T=DSM 110037T) as the type strain. For the closest related species
C. populeti
, Anaeromicropila populeti comb. nov. is proposed with an emended description of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Tonouchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
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Wang S, Chen S, Wang B, Li Q, Zu J, Yu J, Ding Z, Zhou F. Screening of endophytic fungi from Cremastra appendiculata and their potential for plant growth promotion and biological control. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:121-133. [PMID: 35982376 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biocontrol fungi are widely used to promote plant growth and pest control. Four fungi were isolated from Cremastra appendiculata tubers and screened for plant growth-promoting and antagonistic effects. Based on the morphological characterization and ITS, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequencing analysis, the fungi were identified to be related to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (DJL-6), Trichoderma tomentosum (DJL-9), Colletotrichum godetiae (DJL-10) and Talaromyces amestolkiae (DJL-15). The growth inhibition tests showed that the four isolates had different inhibitory effects on Colletotrichum fructicola, Alternaria alternata and Alternaria longipes, among which DJL-9 showed the highest inhibitory activity. Their culture filtrates (especially that of DJL-15) can also inhibit pathogens. Four isolates were positive for the production of indole-3-acid (IAA) and β-1,3-glucanase and possessed proteolytic activity but were negative for the production of iron siderophore complexes. The four fungi showed strong nitrogen fixation and potassium dissolution abilities. In addition to DJL-9 being able to solubilize phosphate, DJL-10 was able to produce chitinase and cellulase. Pot experiments indicated that the four fungi increased the germination rate of C. appendiculata and soybean seeds and increased soybean radicle growth and plant biomass. Among them, DJL-6 had a better growth-promoting effect. Therefore, we successfully screened the biocontrol potential of endophytes from C. appendiculata, with a focus on preventing fungal diseases and promoting plant growth, and selected strains that could provide nutrients and hormones for plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Senmiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Bixu Wang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Qianxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jiaqi Zu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Puer Kunhong Biotechnology Company, Group C of Chamagu Town A, Simao District, Puer, Yunnan, 665000, China
| | - Zhishan Ding
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Fangmei Zhou
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Isolation and Characterization of Novel Biological Control Agent Clostridium beijerinckii against Meloidogyne incognita. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121724. [PMID: 36552234 PMCID: PMC9774898 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the most severe soil-borne pathogens in the world is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Biological control is gaining more importance as environmental awareness increases. Thus, keeping this in mind, a total of 712 bacterial strains were isolated from 117 rhizosphere soil samples and investigated for potential biological control activity against M. incognita. Strain Sneb518 (Clostridium beijerinckii) was identified as having solid biocontrol activity against M. incognita. Sneb518 demonstrated significant inhibition against M. incognita, with J2 mortality reaching 90.73% at 12 h and with eggs hatching at a rate of 6.00% at 24 h, compared to a hatchability level of 29.07% for the control. Additionally, Sneb518 was excellent for enhancing seed germination. The seeds coated with a fermentation broth containing Sneb518 efficiently boosted the germination rate to 88.49%. The effectiveness and stability of C. beijerinckii Sneb518 against M. incognita were then further evaluated in a greenhouse. According to the pot experiment data, Sneb518 considerably (p < 0.05) reduced the number of root galls and egg masses on roots and also significantly (p < 0.05) increased tomato plant growth. C. beijerinckii Sneb518-treated tomato seedlings exhibited 50.26% biocontrol effectiveness compared to the control group. Our results demonstrate that C. beijerinckii Sneb518 can be a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematode disease and a biomass enhancer. This research will give new options for the sustainable control of root-knot nematode disease in tomatoes and other host plants.
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Ueki A, Tonouchi A, Kaku N, Ueki K. Anaerocolumna chitinilytica sp. nov., a chitin-decomposing anaerobic bacterium isolated from anoxic soil subjected to biological soil disinfestation. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34515629 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An obligately anaerobic bacterial strain (CTTWT) belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae within the class Clostridia was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to biological or reductive soil disinfestation. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, short rods with peritrichous flagella. The strain was saccharolytic and decomposed polysaccharides, chitin, xylan and β-1,3-glucan. Strain CTTWT decomposed cell biomass and cell-wall preparations of an ascomycete plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. The strain produced acetate, ethanol, H2 and CO2 as fermentation products from the utilized substrates. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain were C16 : 1 ω7c dimethylacetal (DMA), C16 : 0 DMA and C18 : 1 ω7c DMA. The closely related species of strain CTTWT based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences were species in the genus Anaerocolumna with sequence similarities of 95.2-97.6 %. Results of genome analyses of strain CTTWT indicated that the genome size of the strain was 5.62 Mb and the genomic DNA G+C content was 38.3 mol%. Six 16S rRNA genes with five different sequences from each other were found in the genome. Strain CTTWT had genes encoding chitinase, xylanase, cellulase, β-glucosidase and nitrogenase as characteristic genes in the genome. Homologous genes encoding these proteins were found in the genomes of the related Anaerocolumna species, but the genomic and phenotypic properties of strain CTTWT were distinct from them. Based on the phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic analyses, the name Anaerocolumna chitinilytica sp. nov., in the family Lachnospiraceae is proposed for strain CTTWT (=NBRC 112102T=DSM 110036T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Tonouchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
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Ueki A, Tonouchi A, Kaku N, Ueki K. Clostridium fungisolvens sp. nov., a new β-1,3-glucan-decomposing bacterium isolated from anoxic soil subjected to biological soil disinfestation. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33734959 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological soil disinfestation (BSD) or reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is a bioremediation method used to suppress or eliminate soil-borne plant pathogens by stimulating activities of indigenous anaerobic bacteria of the soil. An anaerobic bacterial strain (TW1T) was isolated from an anoxic soil sample subjected to the BSD treatment and comprehensively characterized. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-positive, slightly curved and motile rods producing terminal spores. The strain was aerotolerant. Strain TW1T was saccharolytic and produced acetate, butyrate, H2 and CO2 as fermentation end products. Strain TW1T decomposed β-1,3-glucan (curdlan and laminarin) and degraded mycelial cells of an ascomycete Fusarium plant pathogen. Major cellular fatty acids of strain TW1T were C14 : 0, C14 : 0 dimethylacetal (DMA), C16 : 0 aldehyde and C16 : 0 DMA. Strain TW1T made a group on the phylogenetic tree constructed based on 16S rRNA gene sequences with species such as Clostridium fallax (96.3 %) and Clostridium polyendosporum (96.0 %). Whole genome analysis of strain TW1T showed that the total length of the genome was 5.28 Mb with the DNA G+C content of 31.3 mol%. The average nucleotide identity (ANIb) between strain TW1T and C. fallax was 71.2 %. Presence of the genes encoding laminarinase or GH16 β-glucosidase was confirmed from the genome analysis of strain TW1T. Based on the genomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic properties obtained, we propose strain TW1T should be assigned in the genus Clostridium in the family Clostridiaceae as Clostridium fungisolvens sp. nov. The type strain TW1T (=NBRC 112097T=DSM 110791T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Tonouchi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
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Koteshwara A, Philip NV, Aranjani JM, Hariharapura RC, Volety Mallikarjuna S. A set of simple methods for detection and extraction of laminarinase. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2489. [PMID: 33510321 PMCID: PMC7844030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A carefully designed ammonium sulfate precipitation will simplify extraction of proteins and is considered to be a gold standard among various precipitation methods. Therefore, optimization of ammonium sulfate precipitation can be an important functional step in protein purification. The presence of high amounts of ammonium sulphate precludes direct detection of many enzymatically active proteins including reducing sugar assays (e.g. Nelson-Somogyi, Reissig and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid methods) for assessing carbohydrases (e.g. laminarinase (β (1-3)-glucanohydrolase), cellulases and chitinases). In this study, a simple method was developed using laminarin infused agarose plate for the direct analysis of the ammonium sulphate precipitates from Streptomyces rimosus AFM-1. The developed method is simple and convenient that can give accurate results even in presence of ammonium sulfate in the crude precipitates. Laminarin is a translucent substrate requiring the use of a stain to visualize the zones of hydrolysis in a plate assay. A very low-cost and locally available fluorescent optical fabric brightener Tinopal CBS-X has been used as a stain to detect the zones of hydrolysis. We also report simple methods to prepare colloidal chitin and cell free supernatant in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthamurthy Koteshwara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nancy V Philip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekhar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Subrahmanyam Volety Mallikarjuna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Rosskopf E, Di Gioia F, Hong JC, Pisani C, Kokalis-Burelle N. Organic Amendments for Pathogen and Nematode Control. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 58:277-311. [PMID: 32853099 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The loss of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant and minimal advances in the development and registration of new chemical fumigants has resulted in a resurgence of interest in the application of organic amendments (OAs) for soilborne plant pathogen and plant-parasitic nematode management. Significant progress has been made in the characterization of OAs, application of strategies for their use, and elucidation of mechanisms by which they suppress soilborne pests. Nonetheless, their utility is limited by the variability of disease control, expense, and the logistics of introducing them into crop production systems. Recent advances in molecular techniques have led to significant progress in the elucidation of the role of bacteria and fungi and their metabolic products on disease suppression with the addition of OAs. Biosolarization and anaerobic soil disinfestation, developed to manipulate systems and favor beneficial microorganisms to maximize their impact on plant pathogens, are built on a strong historical research foundation in OAs and the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of disease-suppressive soils. This review focuses on recent applications of OAs and their potential for the management of soilborne plant pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes, with emphasis primarily on annual fruit and vegetable production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Rosskopf
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA;
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Jason C Hong
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA;
| | - Cristina Pisani
- Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Byron, Georgia 31008, USA
| | - Nancy Kokalis-Burelle
- US Horticultural Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, USA;
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Ueki A, Takehara T, Ishioka G, Kaku N, Ueki K. β-1,3-Glucanase production as an anti-fungal enzyme by phylogenetically different strains of the genus Clostridium isolated from anoxic soil that underwent biological disinfestation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5563-5578. [PMID: 32328681 PMCID: PMC7275012 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological (or reductive) soil disinfestation (BSD or RSD) is a bioremediation process to control soil-borne plant pathogens using activities of indigenous bacteria in the soil. Three obligate anaerobic bacterial strains (TW1, TW10, and TB10), which were isolated from anoxic soil subjected to BSD treatments, were examined for their abilities to produce anti-fungal enzymes. All strains were affiliated with the different lineages of the genus Clostridium. The three strains decomposed β-1,3-glucans (curdlan and laminarin), and β-1,3-glucanase activities were detected from their culture supernatants with these glucans. The three strains also produced the enzyme with wheat bran as a growth substrate and killed the Fusarium pathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae) in the anaerobic co-incubation conditions. Observation by fluorescence microscopy of the pathogen cells showed that the three strains had degraded the fungal cells in different manners upon co-incubation with wheat bran. When the three strains were cultivated with the dead cells or the cell wall samples prepared from the Fusarium pathogen, strain TW1 utilized these materials as easily decomposable substrates by releasing β-1,3-glucanase. When observed by fluorescence microscopy, it appeared that strain TW1 degraded the mycelial cell wall nearly thoroughly, with the septa remaining as undecomposed luminous rings. In contrast, the other two strains decomposed neither the dead cells nor the cell wall samples directly. The results indicate that the various anaerobic bacteria proliferated in the soil under the BSD treatments should play key roles as an organized bacterial community to eliminate fungal pathogens, namely by release of anti-fungal enzymes with different properties.Key points •Three clostridial strains isolated from BSD-treated soils produced β-1,3-glucanase. •All strains killed the Fusarium pathogen in the anaerobic co-incubation conditions. •One of the strains produced β-1,3-glucanase with the fungal cell wall as a substrate. •The strain degraded the cell wall almost completely, except for the mycelial septa. |
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan.
| | - Toshiaki Takehara
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan.,NARO Technical Support Center of Central Region, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan
| | - Gen Ishioka
- NARO Western Region Agricultural Research Center, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kaku
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuji Ueki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, 1-23, Wakaba-machi, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-8555, Japan
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