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Abdelraof M, Nooman MU, Hashem AH, Al-Kashef AS. Production and optimization of surfactin produced from locally isolated Bacillus halotolerans grown on agro-industrial wastes and its antimicrobial efficiency. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 38831400 PMCID: PMC11145779 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal exploitation of the huge amounts of agro-industrial residuals that are produced annually, which endangers the ecosystem and ultimately contributes to climate change, is one of the solutions available to produce value-added compounds. AIM AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed at the economic production and optimization of surfactin. Therefore, the production was carried out by the microbial conversion of Potato Peel Waste (PPW) and Frying Oil Waste (FOW) utilizing locally isolated Bacillus halotolerans. Also, investigating its potential application as an antimicrobial agent towards some pathogenic strains. RESULTS Screening the bacterial isolates for surfactin production revealed that the strain with the highest yield (49 g/100 g substrate) and efficient oil displacement activity was genetically identified as B. halotolerans. The production process was then optimized utilizing Central Composite Design (CCD) resulting in the amelioration of yield by 11.4% (from 49 to 55.3 g/100 g substrate) and surface tension (ST) by 8.3% (from 36 to 33 mN/m) with a constant level of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 125 mg/L. Moreover, the physiochemical characterization studies of the produced surfactin by FTIR, 1H NMR, and LC-MS/MS proved the existence of a cyclic lipopeptide (surfactin). The investigations further showed a strong emulsification affinity for soybean and motor oil (E24 = 50%), as well as the ability to maintain the emulsion stable over a wide pH (4-10) and temperature (10-100 °C) range. Interestingly, surfactin had a broad-spectrum range of inhibition activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans. CONCLUSION Subsequently, the screening of the isolates and the utilized food-processing wastes along with the extraction technique resulted in a high yield of surfactin characterized by acceptable ST and CMC levels. However, optimization of the cultural conditions to improve the activity and productivity was achieved using Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) and Central Composite Design (CCD). In contrast, surface activity recorded a maximum level of (33 mN/n) and productivity of 55.3 g/100 g substrate. The optimized surfactin had also the ability to maintain the stability of emulsions over a wide range of pH and temperature. Otherwise, the obtained results proved the promising efficiency of the surfactin against bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelraof
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed U Nooman
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr S Al-Kashef
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Dokki, 12622, Egypt
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Xu H, Gong J, Lu P, Azevedo P, Li L, Yu H, Yang C. Functional evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis PF9 for its potential in controlling enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in weaned piglets. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae050. [PMID: 38665217 PMCID: PMC11044710 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the bacterial selection, isolate PF9 demonstrated tolerance to low pH and high bile salt and an ability to extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC; P < 0.05). Thirty-two weaned piglets susceptible to ETEC F4 were randomly allocated to four treatments as follows: 1) non-challenged negative control group (NNC; basal diet and piglets gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline), 2) negative control group (NC; basal diet and piglets challenged with ETEC F4, 3 × 107 CFU per pig), 3) positive control (PC; basal diet + 80 mg·kg-1 of avilamycin and piglets challenged with ETEC F4), and 4) probiotic candidate (PF9; control basal diet + 2.5 × 109 CFU·kg-1 diet of B. licheniformis PF9 and piglets challenged with ETEC F4). The infection of ETEC F4 decreased average daily gain and gain:feed in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 induced severe diarrhea at 3 h postinoculum (hpi), 36, 40 hpi in the NC group when compared to the NNC group (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 significantly relieved diarrhea severity at 3 hpi when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). The inoculation of ETEC F4 reduced duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height (VH) in the NC group when compared to the NNC group. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease was detected in the duodenal VH in the PC and NNC groups. Moreover, the NNC group had a reduced relative mRNA level of Na+-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Compared to the NC and NNC groups, the supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 increased the relative mRNA levels of aminopeptidase N, occludin, zonula occludens-1, and SGLT1 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of B. licheniformis PF9 also significantly increased the relative mRNA level of excitatory amino acid transporter 1 when compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). Piglets supplemented with B. licheniformis PF9 showed lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the colon than piglets from the NNC group (P < 0.05). The NNC group had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes in the ileum than all the challenged piglets (P < 0.05); however, a lower relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the ileum and colon was observed in the NC group (P < 0.05). This study provides evidence that B. licheniformis PF9 has the potential to improve the gut health of piglets under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Xu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Paula Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
| | - Linyan Li
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 5C9
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanadaR3T 2N2
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Yu F, Shen Y, Chen S, Fan H, Pang Y, Liu M, Peng J, Pei X, Liu X. Analysis of the Genomic Sequences and Metabolites of Bacillus velezensis YA215. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10710-y. [PMID: 38386213 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Discovering more novel antimicrobial compounds has become a keen research problem. In this study, YA215 genome was sequenced by the Illumina HiSeq + PacBio sequencing platform. Genome assembly was performed by Unicycler software and the gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolite biosynthesis were predicted by antiSMASH. The genome comprised 3976514 bp and had a 46.56% G + C content. 3809 coding DNA sequences, 27 rRNAs, 86 tRNAs genes, and 79 sRNA were predicted. Strain YA215 was re-identified as Bacillus velezensis based on ANI and OrthoANI analysis. In the COG database, 23 functional groups from 3090 annotations were predicted. In the GO database, 2654 annotations were predicted. 2486 KEGG annotations linked 41 metabolic pathways. Glycosyl transferases, polysaccharide lyases, auxiliary activities, glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, and carbohydrate-binding modules were predicted among the 127 annotations in the CAZy database. AntiSMASH analysis predicted that B. velezensis YA215 boasted 13 gene clusters involved in synthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites including surfactin, fengycin, macrolactin H, bacillaene, difficidin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and plantazolicin. Three of the gene clusters (gene cluster 5, gene cluster 9, and gene cluster 10) have the potential to synthesize unknown compounds. The research underscore the considerable potential of secondary metabolites, identified in the genomic composition of B. velezensis YA215, as versatile antibacterial agents with a broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuTian Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - YuanYuan Shen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - ShangLi Chen
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - HeLiang Fan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - YiYang Pang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - MingYuan Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - JingJing Peng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - XiaoDong Pei
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - XiaoLing Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Deep Processing and Safety Control for Specialty Agricultural Products in Guangxi Universities, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
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Zhang R, Qin S, Yang C, Niu Y, Feng J. The protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis induced by Clostridium perfringens. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6958-6965. [PMID: 37309567 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus licheniformis is a gram-positive bacterium that has strong environmental adaptability and can improve the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidant function of broilers. The current study aimed to elucidate the protective capability of B. licheniformis against inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) induced by Clostridium perfringens (CP). RESULTS The results showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the final body weight in broilers compared with that of broilers in the CP group after the stress of infection (P < 0.05). Bacillus licheniformis reversed the decreased levels of serum and jejunum mucosa immunoglobulins and anti-inflammatory cytokines, reduced the values of villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and mitigated the increased levels of serum d-lactic acid and diamine oxidase in CP-challenged broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, B. licheniformis modulated the expression levels of genes involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway, the NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway, and the sirt 1/Parkin signalling pathway in CP-challenged broilers. Compared with the CP challenge group, the B. licheniformis-treated group exhibited reduced abundance values of Shuttleworthia and Alistipes and enhanced abundance values of Parabacteroides in the caecal contents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bacillus licheniformis improved the final body weight and alleviated the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function damage in birds with NE induced by CP by maintaining intestinal physiological function, enhancing immunity, regulating inflammatory cytokine secretion, modulating the mitophagy response, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal flora. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Agricultural Research Institute of Veagmax Green Animal Health Products of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Bochynek M, Lewińska A, Witwicki M, Dębczak A, Łukaszewicz M. Formation and structural features of micelles formed by surfactin homologues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1211319. [PMID: 37485321 PMCID: PMC10360134 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1211319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin, a group of cyclic lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis, possesses surfactant properties and is a promising natural and biologically active compound. In this study, we present a comprehensive characterization of surfactin, including its production, chromatographic separation into pure homologues (C12, C13, C14, C15), and investigation of their physicochemical properties. We determined adsorption isotherms and interpreted them using the Gibbs adsorption equation, revealing that the C15 homologue exhibited the strongest surface tension reduction (27.5 mN/m), while surface activity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length (32.2 mN/m for C12). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) were also determined, showing a decrease in CMC values from 0.35 mM for C12 to 0.08 mM for C15. We employed dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to estimate the size of micellar aggregates, which increased with longer carbon chains, ranging from 4.7 nm for C12 to 5.7 nm for C15. Furthermore, aggregation numbers were determined, revealing the number of molecules in a micelle. Contact angles and emulsification indexes (E24) were measured to assess the functional properties of the homologues, showing that wettability increased with chain length up to C14, which is intriguing as C14 is the most abundant homologue. Our findings highlight the relationship between the structure and properties of surfactin, providing valuable insights for understanding its biological significance and potential applications in various industries. Moreover, the methodology developed in this study can be readily applied to other cyclic lipopeptides, facilitating a better understanding of their structure-properties relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bochynek
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- OnlyBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dębczak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Department of Biotransformation, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
- InventionBio S.A., Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Shleeva MO, Kondratieva DA, Kaprelyants AS. Bacillus licheniformis: A Producer of Antimicrobial Substances, including Antimycobacterials, Which Are Feasible for Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1893. [PMID: 37514078 PMCID: PMC10383908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis produces several classes of antimicrobial substances, including bacteriocins, which are peptides or proteins with different structural composition and molecular mass: ribosomally synthesized by bacteria (1.4-20 kDa), non-ribosomally synthesized peptides and cyclic lipopeptides (0.8-42 kDa) and exopolysaccharides (>1000 kDa). Different bacteriocins act against Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, fungal pathogens and amoeba cells. The main mechanisms of bacteriocin lytic activity include interaction of peptides with membranes of target cells resulting in structural alterations, pore-forming, and inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis. DNase and RNase activity for some bacteriocines are also postulated. Non-ribosomal peptides are synthesized by special non-ribosomal multimodular peptide synthetases and contain unnatural amino acids or fatty acids. Their harmful effect is due to their ability to form pores in biological membranes, destabilize lipid packaging, and disrupt the peptidoglycan layer. Lipopeptides, as biosurfactants, are able to destroy bacterial biofilms. Secreted polysaccharides are high molecular weight compounds, composed of repeated units of sugar moieties attached to a carrier lipid. Their antagonistic action was revealed in relation to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Exopolysaccharides also inhibit the formation of biofilms by pathogenic bacteria and prevent their colonization on various surfaces. However, mechanism of the harmful effect for many secreted antibacterial substances remains unknown. The antimicrobial activity for most substances has been studied in vitro only, but some substances have been characterized in vivo and they have found practical applications in medicine and veterinary. The cyclic lipopeptides that have surfactant properties are used in some industries. In this review, special attention is paid to the antimycobacterials produced by B. licheniformis as a possible approach to combat multidrug-resistant and latent tuberculosis. In particular, licheniformins and bacitracins have shown strong antimycobacterial activity. However, the medical application of some antibacterials with promising in vitro antimycobacterial activity has been limited by their toxicity to animals and humans. As such, similar to the enhancement in the antimycobacterial activity of natural bacteriocins achieved using genetic engineering, the reduction in toxicity using the same approach appears feasible. The unique capability of B. licheniformis to synthesize and produce a range of different antibacterial compounds means that this organism can act as a natural universal vehicle for antibiotic substances in the form of probiotic cultures and strains to combat various types of pathogens, including mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita O Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kondratieva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre 'Fundamentals of Biotechnology', Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Buiatte V, Schultheis M, Lorenzoni AG. Deconstruction of a multi-strain Bacillus-based probiotic used for poultry: an in vitro assessment of its individual components against C. perfringens. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 37349830 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotics have been used in poultry production to improve the performance and health of chickens raised without antibiotics. The combination of different probiotic strains has been used with the hope of conferring multiple benefits to the host. However, the inclusion of several strains does not necessarily boost benefits. There is a lack of studies that compare the efficacy of multi-strain probiotics to their individual components. In this study, the effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic product mix containing B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis against Clostridium perfringens were tested in vitro using a co-culture method. The individual strains and different combinations of the strains used in the product were also tested against C. perfringens. RESULTS The probiotic product mix tested in this study did not show effects against C. perfringens (P = 0.499). When tested individually, the strain of B. subtilis was the most efficient strain to decrease C. perfringens concentrations (P ≤ 0.01), and the addition of other Bacillus species strains significantly decreased its efficacy against C. perfringens. We concluded that the probiotic mix of Bacillus strains used in this study (B. coagulans, B. licheniformis, B. pumilus and B subtilis) was not effective in decreasing C. perfringens concentrations in vitro. However, when deconstructing the probiotic, the strain of B. subtilis alone or combined with the strain of B. licheniformis were effective against C. perfringens. This suggests that the anticlostridial properties of the particular strains of Bacillus used in this study were negatively affected when combined with other Bacillus spp. strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Buiatte
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Maria Schultheis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alberto Gino Lorenzoni
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Xiao P, Tian X, Zhu P, Xu Y, Zhou C. The use of surfactin in inhibiting Botrytis cinerea and in protecting winter jujube from the gray mold. AMB Express 2023; 13:37. [PMID: 37118318 PMCID: PMC10147881 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin has the potential to be used as a food preservative. However, efficiency and action mechanism in various applications need more assessments and research. In this study, the antifungal effects and the mechanism of action of surfactin on the fungus Botrytis cinerea were investigated. The effects of applying surfactin for the removal of gray mold on the quality of winter jujube were investigated based on the changes in fruit fatty acids. The results showed that (1) surfactin significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea, the EC50 at 5 d was 46.42 mg/L. (2) Surfactin significantly reduced the disease incidence and diameter of gray mold-inoculated winter jujube in a concentration-dependent manner. For that treated with surfactin at the EC50, the incidence decreased by 38.89%. (3) For B. cinerea under surfactin treatment, the mycelial morphology changed, the levels of total lipids and ergosterol decreased, the reactive oxygen species levels increased, and the cell integrity was completely damaged. (4) For winter jujube inoculated by B. cinerea, the contents of saturated fatty acids decreased and unsaturated fatty acids increased. For those under the surfactin treatments, winter jujube maintained the fatty acid composition at the level of non-inoculated groups. Mechanical injury significantly changed the fatty acid composition of winter jujube; however, surfactin not only was able to inhibit the growth of gray mold but also mitigated the adverse effects from mechanical injury. The present study demonstrated the potential applications of surfactin in the preservation of postharvest fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Obianwuna UE, Agbai Kalu N, Wang J, Zhang H, Qi G, Qiu K, Wu S. Recent Trends on Mitigative Effect of Probiotics on Oxidative-Stress-Induced Gut Dysfunction in Broilers under Necrotic Enteritis Challenge: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040911. [PMID: 37107286 PMCID: PMC10136232 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health includes normal intestinal physiology, complete intestinal epithelial barrier, efficient immune response, sustained inflammatory balance, healthy microbiota, high nutrient absorption efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and energy balance. One of the diseases that causes severe economic losses to farmers is necrotic enteritis, which occurs primarily in the gut and is associated with high mortality rate. Necrotic enteritis (NE) primarily damages the intestinal mucosa, thereby inducing intestinal inflammation and high immune response which diverts nutrients and energy needed for growth to response mediated effects. In the era of antibiotic ban, dietary interventions like microbial therapy (probiotics) to reduce inflammation, paracellular permeability, and promote gut homeostasis may be the best way to reduce broiler production losses. The current review highlights the severity effects of NE; intestinal inflammation, gut lesions, alteration of gut microbiota balance, cell apoptosis, reduced growth performance, and death. These negative effects are consequences of; disrupted intestinal barrier function and villi development, altered expression of tight junction proteins and protein structure, increased translocation of endotoxins and excessive stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. We further explored the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate NE challenge and restore the gut integrity of birds under disease stress; synthesis of metabolites and bacteriocins, competitive exclusion of pathogens, upregulation of tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules, increased secretion of intestinal secretory immunoglobulins and enzymes, reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune response and the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune boost via the modulation of the TLR/NF-ĸ pathway. Furthermore, increased beneficial microbes in the gut microbiome improve nutrient utilization, host immunity, and energy metabolism. Probiotics along with biosecurity measures could mitigate the adverse effects of NE in broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uchechukwu Edna Obianwuna
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nenna Agbai Kalu
- Department of Animal Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Nigeria
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghai Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shugeng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Wang Z, Liu C, Shi Y, Huang M, Song Z, Simal-Gandara J, Li N, Shi J. Classification, application, multifarious activities and production improvement of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36876514 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides, a class of compounds consisting of a peptide ring and a fatty acid chain, are secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus spp. As their hydrophilic and oleophilic properties, lipopeptides are widely used in food, medicine, environment and other industrial or agricultural fields. Compared with artificial synthetic surfactants, microbial lipopeptides have the advantages of low toxicity, high efficiency and versatility, resulting in urgent market demand and broad development prospect of lipopeptides. However, due to the complex metabolic network and precursor requirements of synthesis, the specific and strict synthesis pathway, and the coexistence of multiple homologous substances, the production of lipopeptides by microorganisms has the problems of high cost and low production efficiency, limiting the mass production of lipopeptides and large-scale application in industry. This review summarizes the types of Bacillus-produced lipopeptides and their biosynthetic pathways, introduces the versatility of lipopeptides, and describes the methods to improve the production of lipopeptides, including genetic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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11
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Deng YJ, Chen Z, Ruan CQ, Xiao RF, Lian HP, Liu B, Chen MC, Wang JP. Antifungal activities of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-52631 and its lipopeptides against anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum. J Basic Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 36646522 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was aim at investigating antifungal activities of Bacillus velezensis FJAT-52631 and its lipopeptides against Colletotrichum acutatum ex situ and in situ. The results showed that the strain FJAT-52631 and its crude lipopeptides (10 mg/ml) exhibited strong inhibitory effects on growth of C. acutatum FJAT-30256 with an inhibition rate of 75.3% and an inhibition zone diameter of 17.66 mm, respectively. Both the viable bacterial cultures and lipopeptides of FJAT-52631 could delay the onset of loquat anthracnose by 1 day and lower the incidence of loquat anthracnose in situ. The whole cultures of B. velezensis FJAT-52631 displayed a 50% biocontrol efficacy on loquat anthracnose at the fourth day after inoculation, but the crude lipopeptides not. The average lesion diameter of the whole-culture treated group was 5.62 mm, which was smaller than that of control group (6.81 mm). All the three types of lipopeptides including iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin A secreted from the strain FJAT-52631 exhibited antifungal activities. Among them, surfactin A displayed higher antifungal activity at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL than other two lipopeptides even if at a concentration of 60 mg/mL. Thus, the results indicated that surfactin A produced by FJAT-52631 played a major role in the biocontrol of the loquat anthracnose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed the structural deformities in the mycelia of C. acutatum. The above results suggested that the antifungal lipopeptides from B. velezensis FJAT-52631 would be potential in biocontrol against anthracnose disease of loquat caused by C. acutatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Deng
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China.,College of Life Science and Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Qing Ruan
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rong-Feng Xiao
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heng-Ping Lian
- Shunchang Lehuo Laibu Tourism Development Co., Ltd, Nanping, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Chun Chen
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wang
- Agricultural Bioresources Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
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12
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A mini-review: mechanism of antimicrobial action and application of surfactin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:143. [PMID: 35718798 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Surfactin, an antibacterial lipopeptide produced by different strains of Bacillus subtilis, is a powerful biosurfactant. It also has multiple biological activities including antiviral, anti-mycoplasma and antiprotozoal activities, in addition to the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Surfactin may be one of the promising alternatives to antibiotics. Surfactin's chemical structure and physicochemical properties are briefly discussed in this mini-review. Surfactin's antibacterial mechanism is mainly outlined as follows: (1) attacking pathogenic bacteria's cell membrane, causing cell membrane disintegration or osmotic pressure imbalance; (2) inhibiting pathogenic bacteria's protein synthesis, preventing cell reproduction; (3) inhibiting pathogenic bacteria's enzyme activity, affecting normal cell metabolism. This provides basis for the further research and application of surfactin. Finally, the application of surfactin in food and its prospect are summarized in brief.
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Bacillus licheniformis–fermented products and enramycin differentially modulate microbiota and antibiotic resistome in the cecal digesta of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102010. [PMID: 35841645 PMCID: PMC9293667 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Effect of Bacillus species–fermented products and essential oils on growth performance, gut morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid levels, and microbiota community in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101970. [PMID: 35760005 PMCID: PMC9241036 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Bacillus species–fermented products (synbiotics [SYNs]) and essential oils (EOs) on the growth performance, gut morphology, cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels, and microbiota of broilers were investigated. A total of 180 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments as follows: basal diet (control group), basal diet plus enramycin (10 mg/kg; A group), basal diet plus SYNs (3 × 1011 CFU spore/kg of feed; SYN group), basal diet plus EOs (100 mg/kg; EO group), and basal diet plus SYNs and EOs (SYN + EO group), with 6 replicate cages per treatment group and 6 birds per cage. The SYN+EO treatment resulted in a higher (P = 0.003) average daily gain at 1 to 14 d of age than did the control and EO treatments. SYNs had a significant effect on the average daily gain at 1 to 14 d (P < 0.001) and 1 to 35 d (P = 0.045) of age. EOs had a significant effect on the villus height of the duodenum (P = 0.015) and jejunum (P = 0.027). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mucin 2 (MUC2) mRNA expression in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in the SYN + EO group was higher (P < 0.001) than that in any of the other groups. The SYN+EO treatment resulted in higher (P < 0.001) 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid levels in the cecal digesta of the broilers than did the control treatment. Cecal species evenness in the SYN + EO group was higher (P < 0.001) than that in the control group. The abundance of the phylum Firmicutes in the cecal digesta of the broilers was higher (P < 0.001) in the SYN+EO group than in the control group. SYNs had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta of the broilers. The abundance of the genus Lactobacillus was positively associated with 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid levels. The 2-methylbutyric acid and 3-methylbutyric acid levels were positively correlated with the villus height of the duodenum and ileum. These results suggest that simultaneous supplementation with SYNs and EOs can increase the average daily gain, improve gut health–associated gene expression, increase SCFA levels, and modulate the gut microbiota composition of broilers.
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Surfactin Shows Relatively Low Antimicrobial Activity against Bacillus subtilis and Other Bacterial Model Organisms in the Absence of Synergistic Metabolites. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040779. [PMID: 35456828 PMCID: PMC9030240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactin is described as a powerful biosurfactant and is natively produced by Bacillus subtilis in notable quantities. Among other industrially relevant characteristics, antimicrobial properties have been attributed to surfactin-producing Bacillus isolates. To investigate this property, stress approaches were carried out with biotechnologically established strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida with the highest possible amounts of surfactin. Contrary to the popular opinion, the highest growth-reducing effects were detectable in B. subtilis and E. coli after surfactin treatment of 100 g/L with 35 and 33%, respectively, while P. putida showed no growth-specific response. In contrast, other antimicrobial biosurfactants, like rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, showed significantly stronger effects on bacterial growth. Since the addition of high amounts of surfactin in defined mineral salt medium reduced the cell growth of B. subtilis by about 40%, the initial stress response at the protein level was analyzed by mass spectrometry, showing induction of stress proteins under control of alternative sigma factors σB and σW as well as the activation of LiaRS two-component system. Overall, although surfactin is associated with antimicrobial properties, relatively low growth-reducing effects could be demonstrated after the surfactin addition, challenging the general claim of the antimicrobial properties of surfactin.
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16
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<i>Bacillus subtilis-</i>Fermented Products Ameliorate the Growth Performance, Alleviate Intestinal Inflammatory Gene Expression, and Modulate Cecal Microbiota Community in Broilers during the Starter Phase under Dextran Sulfate Sodium Challenge. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:260-271. [PMID: 35989696 PMCID: PMC9346603 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of B. subtilis-fermented products (BSFP) on growth performance, intestinal inflammatory gene expression, and cecal microbiota community in broilers challenged with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in a 14-day experiment. A total of 32, 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308), were randomly divided into four groups of eight birds per group and reared individually (n=8). The treatments consisted of a control diet without supplementation and DSS challenge, control diet plus 1.5% DSS, control diet plus 1 g/kg BSFP in combination with 1.5% DSS, and control diet plus 3 g/kg of BSFP in combination with 1.5% DSS. The results showed that BSFP supplementation (1 and 3 g/kg) partially improved body weight and average daily gain in broilers under DSS challenge. Relative to DSS treatment alone, BSFP supplementation dose-dependently increased the body weight of broilers at 7 days of age, with the average daily gain being at 1 to 7 days of age. BSFP supplementation (1 and 3 g/kg) alleviated intestinal inflammatory gene expression in broilers under DSS challenge. The richness and evenness of bacterial species in cecal digesta increased in a dose-dependent manner in the groups treated with BSFP (1 and 3 g/kg) in combination with DSS challenge, compared with the control group. Unweighted principal coordinate analysis indicated distinct clusters separating the group treated with 3 g/kg of BSFP in combination with DSS challenge from the other three groups. The abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (genus Ruminococcaceae_unclassified) increased and that of mucindegrading bacteria (genus Ruminococcus torques group) decreased in the cecal digesta of broilers fed 3 g/kg of BSFP, compared with the control group. In conclusion, BSFP supplementation dose-dependently improved growth performance, reduced gut inflammation, and regulated the cecal microbiota of broilers exposed to DSS challenge during the starter phase.
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17
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Yu YH, Wu CM, Chen WJ, Hua KF, Liu JR, Cheng YH. Effectiveness of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Their Derived Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Controlling Coccidiosis in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123576. [PMID: 34944351 PMCID: PMC8698030 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Coccidiosis is an important health problem in broilers, caused by infection with a highly contagious intestinal parasite of the genus Eimeria. Anti-coccidial drugs are widely used for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. However, multi-resistance coccidia is a potential threat to poultry production. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, on the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. Results demonstrate that BLFPs and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, exhibit anti-coccidial activity in vitro and in vivo. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers. Broilers were fed BLFP at 1.25 and 5 g/kg under Eimeria tenella challenge. At the end of experiment (35 days), the growth performance, survival rate, cecal morphology, cecal lesion scores, oocyst-count index, and anti-coccidial index were analyzed. The effects of the BLFP-derived surfactin on oocyst sporulation and sporozoite morphology in Eimeria species were also investigated in vitro. Results showed that BLFP supplementation at 1.25 and 5 g/kg improved cecal morphology and increased the survival rate of broilers under E. tenella challenge. Supplementation with 1.25 g/kg of BLFP reduced the lesion scores in the cecum of E. tenella-challenged broilers, while the oocyst-count index was reduced in broilers given 5 g/kg of BLFP. The anti-coccidial index of the 1.25 g/kg of BLFP-treated group was greater than 160, compared with the E. tenella-challenge-only group. Furthermore, surfactin inhibited Eimeria oocyst sporulation and disrupted sporozoite morphology. These results demonstrate that BLFPs and their derived antimicrobial lipopeptide, surfactin, exhibit anti-coccidial activity in vitro and in vivo. BLFP may be used as a natural feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers, and 1.25 g/kg can be considered the optimum dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Chia-Min Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-R.L.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-6011 (J.-R.L.); +886-3-931-7712 (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-R.L.); (Y.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-6011 (J.-R.L.); +886-3-931-7712 (Y.-H.C.)
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18
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Quintero M, Blandón LM, Vidal OM, Guzman JD, Gómez-Marín JE, Patiño AD, Molina DA, Puerto-Castro GM, Gómez-León J. In vitro biological activity of extracts from marine bacteria cultures against Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2705-2720. [PMID: 34856041 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the biological activity of extracts from cultures of marine bacteria against Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Ethyl acetate extracts obtained from seven marine bacteria were tested against T. gondii GFP-RH and M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The cytotoxicity on HFF-1 cells was measured by a microplate resazurin fluorescent approach, and the haemolytic activity was determined photometrically. The extracts from Bacillus sp. (INV FIR35 and INV FIR48) affected the tachyzoite viability. The extracts from Bacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Streptomyces and Micromonospora exhibited effects on infection and proliferation processes of parasite. Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 extract showed an minimum inhibitory concentration value of 50 µg ml-1 against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. All the extracts exhibited relatively low toxicity to HFF-1 cells and the primary culture of erythrocytes, except Bacillus sp. INV FIR35, which decreased cell viability under 20%. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis of the most active bacterial extract Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 showed the presence of peptide metabolites related to surfactin. CONCLUSIONS The extract from culture of deep-sea Bacillus sp. INV FIR48 showed anti-T. gondii and anti-tuberculosis (TB) biological activity with low cytotoxicity. In addition, peptide metabolites were detected in the extract. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Toxoplasmosis and TB are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and the current treatment drugs exhibit side effects. This study confirm that marine bacteria are on hand sources of anti-infective natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marynes Quintero
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program-VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute-INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Lina M Blandón
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program-VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute-INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Oscar M Vidal
- Division of Health Sciences, Medicine Department, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juan D Guzman
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jorge E Gómez-Marín
- GEPAMOL, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Albert D Patiño
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program-VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute-INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Diego A Molina
- GEPAMOL, Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Gloria M Puerto-Castro
- Red Nacional de Investigación Innovación y Gestión del Conocimiento en Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Gómez-León
- Marine Bioprospecting Line, Evaluation and Use of Marine and Coastal Resources Program-VAR, Marine and Coastal Research Institute-INVEMAR, Santa Marta, Colombia
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In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Apis dorsata Gut against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111401. [PMID: 34827339 PMCID: PMC8614935 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health and development concern on a global scale. The increasing resistance of the pathogenic bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics necessitates efforts to identify potential alternative antibiotics from nature, including insects, which are already recognized as a source of natural antibiotics by the scientific community. This study aimed to determine the potential of components of gut-associated bacteria isolated from Apis dorsata, an Asian giant honeybee, as an antibacterial against N. gonorrhoeae by in vitro and in silico methods as an initial process in the stage of new drug discovery. The identified gut-associated bacteria of A. dorsata included Acinetobacter indicus and Bacillus cereus with 100% identity to referenced bacteria from GenBank. Cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of B. cereus had a very strong antibacterial activity against N. gonorrhoeae in an in vitro antibacterial testing. Meanwhile, molecular docking revealed that antimicrobial lipopeptides from B. cereus (surfactin, fengycin, and iturin A) had a comparable value of binding-free energy (BFE) with the target protein receptor for N. gonorrhoeae, namely penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 1 and PBP2 when compared with the ceftriaxone, cefixime, and doxycycline. The molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) study revealed that the surfactin remains stable at the active site of PBP2 despite the alteration of the H-bond and hydrophobic interactions. According to this finding, surfactin has the greatest antibacterial potential against PBP2 of N. gonorrhoeae.
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20
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Soni R, Keharia H, Bose A, Pandit N, Doshi J, Rao SVR, Paul SS, Raju MVLN. Genome assisted probiotic characterization and application of Bacillus velezensis ZBG17 as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler chickens. Genomics 2021; 113:4061-4074. [PMID: 34678442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes genome annotation and phenotypic characterization of Bacillus velezensis ZBG17 and evaluation of its performance as antibiotic growth promoter substitute in broiler chickens. ZBG17 comprises 3.89 Mbp genome with GC content of 46.5%. ZBG17 could tolerate simulated gastrointestinal juices prevalent in the animal gut. Some adhesion-associated genomic features of ZBG17 supported the experimentally determined cell surface hydrophobicity and cell aggregation results. ZBG17 encoded multiple secondary metabolite gene clusters correlating with its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Interestingly, ZBG17 completely inhibited Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli within 6 h and 8 h in liquid co-culture assay, respectively. ZBG17 genome analysis did not reveal any genetic determinant associated with reported safety hazards for use as a poultry direct-fed microbial. Dietary supplementation of ZBG17 significantly improved feed utilization efficiency and humoral immune response in broiler chickens, suggesting its prospective application as a direct-fed microbial in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riteshri Soni
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Hareshkumar Keharia
- Post Graduate Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Anjali Bose
- Zytex Biotech Pvt. Ltd., 702/B Polaris, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ninad Pandit
- Zytex Biotech Pvt. Ltd., 702/B Polaris, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayraj Doshi
- Zytex Biotech Pvt. Ltd., 702/B Polaris, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai 400059, Maharashtra, India
| | - S V Rama Rao
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030, India
| | - S S Paul
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030, India
| | - M V L N Raju
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 030, India
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21
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Shan MY, Meng FQ, Zhou LB, Lu FX, Bie XM, Zhao HZ, Lu ZX. Surfactin inhibits the growth of Propionibacterium acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:684-693. [PMID: 34607389 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes plays a major role in acne vulgaris. In the pre-experiment, the growth of P. acnes was inhibited effectively using surfactin; however, the antibacterial mechanism has not been described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity and analyse the mechanism of surfactin against P. acnes. Minimum inhibitory concentration, time-killing kinetics and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the activity of surfactin against P. acnes, which showed that 128 μg ml-1 effectively inhibited growth. Cell wall permeability was evaluated by detecting the extracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, which increased to 1·83- and 2·32-fold after incubating with 128 and 256 μg ml-1 of surfactin for 10 h, respectively. Propidium iodide fluorescence, leakage of nucleic acid, protein, K+ , and Ca2+ , membrane potential and the leakage of calcein from small unilamellar vesicles all increased after incubation with surfactin, indicating that its strong biological activities act mainly by altering membrane integrity. In a mouse model of acne, surfactin significantly reduced P. acnes-induced epidermal swelling and erythema. These results indicate that surfactin effectively inhibited the growth of P. acnes by destroying the cell wall and membrane, and is a potential candidate for acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Shan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Q Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L B Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - F X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X M Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Z Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Z X Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Mácha H, Marešová H, Juříková T, Švecová M, Benada O, Škríba A, Baránek M, Novotný Č, Palyzová A. Killing Effect of Bacillus Velezensis FZB42 on a Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Campestris (Xcc) Strain Newly Isolated from Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Convar. Capitata (L.): A Metabolomic Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071410. [PMID: 34210064 PMCID: PMC8303752 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential use of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 for biological control of various phytopathogens has been documented over the past few years, but its antagonistic interactions with xanthomonads has not been studied in detail. Novel aspects in this study consist of close observation of the death of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris cells in a co-culture with B. velezensis FZB42, and quantification of lipopeptides and a siderophore, bacillibactin, involved in the killing process. A new robust Xcc-SU isolate tolerating high concentrations of ferric ions was used. In a co-culture with the antagonist, the population of Xcc-SU was entirely destroyed within 24–48 h, depending on the number of antagonist cells used for inoculation. No inhibitory effect of Xcc-SU on B. velezensis was observed. Bacillibactin and lipopeptides (surfactin, fengycin, and bacillomycin) were present in the co-culture and the monoculture of B. velezensis. Except for bacillibactin, the maximum contents of lipopeptides were higher in the antagonist monoculture compared with the co-culture. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the death of Xcc-SU bacteria in co-culture was caused by cell lysis, leading to an enhanced occurrence of distorted cells and cell ghosts. Analysis by mass spectrometry showed four significant compounds, bacillibactin, surfactin, fengycin, and bacillomycin D amongst a total of 24 different forms detected in the co-culture supernatant: Different forms of surfactin and fengycin with variations in their side-chain length were also detected. These results demonstrate the ability of B. velezensis FZB42 to act as a potent antagonistic strain against Xcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Mácha
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Marešová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Tereza Juříková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Magdaléna Švecová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Oldřich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Anton Škríba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Miroslav Baránek
- Faculty of Horticulture-Mendeleum, Mendel University, Valtická 337, 69144 Lednice, Czech Republic;
| | - Čeněk Novotný
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
| | - Andrea Palyzová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (H.M.); (T.J.); (M.Š.); (O.B.); (A.Š.); (Č.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-241062617
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Robertson AW, Sandoval J, Mohamed OG, Zhuang Y, Gallagher EE, Schmidt J, Caratelli L, Menon A, Schultz PJ, Torrez RM, Hay CL, Bell BA, Price PA, Garner AL, Tripathi A. Discovery of Surfactins as Inhibitors of MicroRNA Processing Using Cat-ELCCA. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:878-886. [PMID: 34141065 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Due to their important activity in the fine-tuning of protein translation, abnormal expression of miRNAs has been linked to many human diseases, making the targeting of miRNAs attractive as a novel therapeutic strategy. Accordingly, researchers have been heavily engaged in the discovery of small molecule modulators of miRNAs. With an interest in the identification of new chemical space for targeting miRNAs, we developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) technology, catalytic enzyme-linked click chemistry assay (cat-ELCCA), aimed at the discovery of small molecule ligands for pre-miR-21, a miRNA that is frequently overexpressed in human cancers. From our HTS campaign, we found that natural products, a source of many impactful human medicines, may be a promising source of potential pre-miR-21-selective maturation inhibitors. Herein we describe our first efforts in natural product inhibitor discovery leading to the identification of a depsipeptide class of natural products as RNA-binding inhibitors of Dicer-mediated miRNA processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Robertson
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jorge Sandoval
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Osama G. Mohamed
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yihao Zhuang
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Erin E. Gallagher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Schmidt
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Lisa Caratelli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Arya Menon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Pamela J. Schultz
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Rachel M. Torrez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Catherine L. Hay
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bailey A. Bell
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul A. Price
- Biology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan United States
| | - Amanda L. Garner
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Iqbal M, Sagathevan K, Kim KS, Habib F, Khan NA. Gut Bacteria of Rattus rattus (Rat) Produce Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Lipopeptides. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12261-12273. [PMID: 34056379 PMCID: PMC8154139 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Among several animals, Rattus rattus (rat) lives in polluted environments and feeds on organic waste/small invertebrates, suggesting the presence of inherent mechanisms to thwart infections. In this study, we isolated gut bacteria of rats for their antibacterial activities. Using antibacterial assays, the findings showed that the conditioned media from selected bacteria exhibited bactericidal activities against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K1, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) pathogenic bacteria. The conditioned media retained their antibacterial properties upon heat treatment at boiling temperature for 10 min. Using MTT assays, the conditioned media showed minimal cytotoxic effects against human keratinocyte cells. Active conditioned media were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry, and the results showed that conditioned media from Bacillus subtilis produced a large repertoire of surfactin and iturin A (lipopeptides) molecules. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of lipopeptides from bacteria isolated from the rat gut. In short, these findings are important and provide a platform to develop effective antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kuppusamy Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kwang Sik Kim
- Division of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Fazal Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, Unites Arab Emirates
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Cheng YH, Horng YB, Chen WJ, Hua KF, Dybus A, Yu YH. Effect of Fermented Products Produced by Bacillus licheniformis on the Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Community of Broilers under Coccidial Challenge. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051245. [PMID: 33925950 PMCID: PMC8146065 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of fermented products produced by Bacillus licheniformis (fermented products) on the growth performance and cecal microbial community in broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. A total of 108 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to one of three treatments. Each treatment was distributed into six replicate cages with six birds each. The treatments consisted of a basal diet without treatment (NC), basal diet plus coccidial challenge (PC), and basal diet plus the coccidial challenge and 1 g/kg of fermented products (FP). The results indicated that FP increased the average daily gain of broilers at 21 to 35 days of age compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). The anti-coccidia index in the FP group was elevated compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis showed significant segregation in bacterial community composition in the cecal digesta among the groups. The genus Lactobacillus was more abundant in the cecal digesta of the FP group compared with the PC group (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta and growth performance (body weight, average daily gain, and average feed intake). Furthermore, the abundance of the genus Lactobacillus in the cecal digesta was positively associated with the cecal short-chain fatty acid levels (formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid). These findings suggest that fermented products produced by B. licheniformis can ameliorate the average daily gain of broilers exposed to coccidial challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation increases anti-coccidial activity and modulates gut microbiota composition by increasing beneficial microbes and decreasing harmful microbes in broilers under coccidial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Yi-Bing Horng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Wei-Jung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
| | - Andrzej Dybus
- Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (Y.-B.H.); (W.-J.C.); (K.-F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-931-7716
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Sandvang D, Skjoet-Rasmussen L, Cantor MD, Mathis GF, Lumpkins BS, Blanch A. Effects of feed supplementation with 3 different probiotic Bacillus strains and their combination on the performance of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100982. [PMID: 33647715 PMCID: PMC7921869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of probiotics in broiler feed, to alleviate performance deficiencies due to mild infections by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens, is of increasing interest for the poultry industry. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the capacity of 3 Bacillus strains and their combination as probiotics in vitro and in vivo. Thus, protein and carbohydrate degradation and C. perfringens growth inhibition capabilities were assessed by colometry measurement and an agar diffusion bioassay, respectively. A total of 2,250 1-day-old male broiler chicks were assigned to 5 dietary treatments: 1) non-probiotic-supplemented control (control); 2) control + DSM 32324 at 0.8 × 106 cfu/g of feed; 3) control + DSM 32325 at 0.5 × 106 cfu/g of feed; 4) control + DSM 25840 at 0.3 × 106 cfu/g of feed; and 5) control + DSM 32324 + DSM 32325 + DSM 25840 at 1.6 × 106 cfu/g of feed. A pathogenic field strain of C. perfringens was used to induce the necrotic enteritis challenge on day 19, 20, and 21. All birds and remaining feed were weighed on pen basis on day 0, 21, 35, and 42, to calculate BW gain and mortality-adjusted feed conversion. Mortality and mortality due to necrotic enteritis were recorded daily. On day 21, 45 birds per treatment were evaluated for macroscopic intestinal necrotic enteritis lesions. Performance data were statistically analyzed using an ANOVA and subjected to a least significant difference comparison. Necrotic enteritis lesion scores were statistically analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Dunn's test was used for treatment comparison. The tested strains showed different abilities of degrading protein and carbohydrates and inhibiting C. perfringens growth in vitro. The birds fed the multi-train combination presented significantly better performance and lower necrotic enteritis lesion score than those in the control group. Dietary supplementation with probiotics resulted in significantly lower necrotic enteritis mortality. The results demonstrate the suitability of the evaluated Bacillus multistrain combination as an effective probiotic in C. perfringens-challenged chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg F Mathis
- Southern Poultry Feed and Research, Inc. 30607-3153 Georgia, USA
| | - Brett S Lumpkins
- Southern Poultry Feed and Research, Inc. 30607-3153 Georgia, USA
| | - Alfred Blanch
- Addimus, Providing Trust, S.L., 08012 Barcelona, Spain
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Johnson A, Kong F, Miao S, Thomas S, Ansar S, Kong ZL. In-Vitro Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Surfactin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Periodontitis Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:356. [PMID: 33535497 PMCID: PMC7912741 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with biofilm formation and gingival recession. The practice of nanotechnology in the clinical field is increased overtime due to its potential advantages in drug delivery applications. Nanoparticles can deliver drugs into the targeted area with high efficiency and cause less damages to the tissues. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of surfactin-loaded κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides linked cellulose nanofibers (CO-CNF) nanoparticles. Three types of surfactin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared based on the increasing concentration of surfactin such as 50SNPs (50 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), 100SNPs (100 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles), and 200SNPs (200 mg surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles). The results showed that the nanoparticles inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The reduction in biofilm formation and metabolic activity of the bacteria were confirmed by crystal violet and MTT assay, respectively. Besides, an increase in oxidative stress was also observed in bacteria. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF nanoparticles was observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells. A decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcription factor, and cytokines were observed in the presence of nanoparticles. Collectively, these observations supported the use of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF as a potential candidate for periodontitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork P61 C996, Ireland;
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Studies and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India;
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan;
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Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Gut Morphology in Broilers under Clostridium perfringens Challenge. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:30-39. [PMID: 33519284 PMCID: PMC7837812 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens has reemerged as a severe poultry disease worldwide since the ban on the routine use of antibiotics in animal feed. Probiotics are considered alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Bacillus species are the most common microorganisms used as probiotics in the feed industry. The current study investigated the growth and surfactin levels of Bacillus licheniformis in solid-state fermentation using different substrates and evaluated the effects of B. licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens. The highest viable biomass and surfactin concentration of B. licheniformis-fermented products was observed at 2% molasses and 20% soybean meal supplementation during fermentation (P<0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product-derived surfactin inhibited the growth of C. perfringens in vitro in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented product supplementation (2 g/kg) significantly improved the body weight and average daily gain weight of broilers challenged with C. perfringens (P<0.05). B. licheniformis-fermented products significantly alleviated necrotic lesions and ameliorated intestinal morphology in broilers exposed to C. perfringens (P<0.05). Collectively, these observations demonstrate that B. licheniformis-fermented products improve growth performance and gut morphology in broilers under C. perfringens challenge. B. licheniformis-fermented products may have the potential to be used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters for preventive treatments against C. perfringens in broilers.
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Chen JY, Yu YH. Bacillus subtilis-fermented products ameliorate the growth performance and alter cecal microbiota community in broilers under lipopolysaccharide challenge. Poult Sci 2020; 100:875-886. [PMID: 33518141 PMCID: PMC7858095 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Bacillus subtilis–fermented products on the growth performance and cecal microbiota of broilers were investigated in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments, with 5 replicate cages per treatment and 6 birds per cage. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet as the control, basal diet plus 5 mg/kg of LPS, and basal diet plus 5 mg/kg of LPS in combination with 1 and 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products. The results indicated that B. subtilis–fermented product supplementation increased (linear, P < 0.05) the body weight of broilers relative to LPS treatment alone at 21 d of age. At 15 to 21 d and 1 to 21 d of age, B. subtilis–fermented product supplementation improved (linear, P < 0.05) the average daily gain in broilers compared with LPS challenge alone. The inflammation-associated gene expression was decreased (P < 0.05), and intestinal barrier–associated gene expression was increased (P < 0.05) in the small intestine of the group treated with 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge. In cecal microbiota analysis, the richness of bacterial species was lower (P < 0.05) in the groups treated with 1 and 3 g/kg of B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge than in the control group. Principal coordinates analysis indicated distinct clusters between the groups treated with LPS alone and B. subtilis–fermented products in combination with LPS challenge. The abundance of the genera Erysipelatoclostridium and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified in the cecal digesta decreased (P < 0.05) in broilers fed with B. subtilis–fermented products compared with the control group. The average abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Romboutsia in the cecal digesta was positively correlated with the body weight and average daily gain of broilers in response to LPS challenge. Furthermore, the average abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Romboutsia in the cecal digesta was positively correlated with the concentration of B. subtilis–fermented products under LPS challenge. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis–fermented products can improve the growth performance and modulate the gut microflora composition of broilers under immune stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan.
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30
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Yu YH, Hsu TY, Chen WJ, Horng YB, Cheng YH. The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome on Litter Performance Traits, Milk Composition, and Fecal Microbiota in Sows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2044. [PMID: 33167360 PMCID: PMC7694358 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) on litter performance traits, milk composition, and fecal microbiota in sows in a commercial farrow to finish pig farm. Fifty multiparous cross-bred pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet (pregnancy and nursery diet) as control and basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg of BLFP. Sows with PDS in the two groups were further verified 12 h post-partum. Results show that the piglet body weight at weaning was increased in sows fed the BLFP compared to those fed the control diet. The milk fat content of prepartum sows was reduced in sows fed the BLFP. Postpartum sows with PDS had increased milk solid content compared with healthy sows. Microbial composition and species relative abundance analysis indicated distinct bacterial clusters between the groups. The abundance of the family Prevotellaceae in the feces decreased in sows with PDS. BLFP increased the average abundance of the genus (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group in feces of sows. These findings demonstrate that BLFP in the diet of sows can improve the piglet body weight at weaning and modulate the fecal microbiota of sows. PDS also has an impact on milk composition and fecal microbiota in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 260, Taiwan; (Y.-H.Y.); (T.-Y.H.); (W.-J.C.); (Y.-B.H.)
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31
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Johnson A, Kong F, Miao S, Lin HTV, Thomas S, Huang YC, Kong ZL. Therapeutic effects of antibiotics loaded cellulose nanofiber and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharide composite hydrogels for periodontitis treatment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18037. [PMID: 33093521 PMCID: PMC7581766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can lead to the periodontal pocket formation and tooth loss. This study was aimed to develop antimicrobials loaded hydrogels composed of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (CO) nanoparticles for the treatment of periodontitis. Two antimicrobial agents such as surfactin and Herbmedotcin were selected as the therapeutic agents and the hydrogels were formulated based on the increasing concentration of surfactin. The proposed material has high thermal stability, controlled release, and water absorption capacity. This study was proceeded by investigating the in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the hydrogels. This material has strong antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) production and a decrease in biofilm formation and metabolic activity of the bacteria was observed in the presence of hydrogel. Besides, it reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, transcription factor, and cytokines production in human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF) under inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, the hydrogels were successfully developed and proven to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for the treatment of periodontitis. Thus, it can be used as an excellent candidate for periodontitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co., Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Studies and School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills P.O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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Lin KH, Yu YH. Evaluation of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Feed Additive as an Antibiotic Substitute: Effect on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, and Cecal Microbiota in Weaning Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1649. [PMID: 32937883 PMCID: PMC7552216 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of a Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive (BLF) as an antibiotic substitute in weaning piglets. Ninety-six crossbred piglets were randomly allotted into four treatments with three replicate pens per treatment and eight pigs per pen. Piglets were fed diets as follows: a basal diet as control, a basal diet supplemented with bacitracin (30 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate), a basal diet supplemented with BLF (1 g/kg of the Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive), and a basal diet supplemented with bacitracin and BLF (15 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate and 0.5 g/kg of the Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive). The results showed that replacing all or half the bacitracin with BLF both reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets from day 1 to 14. Principal coordinates analysis and a species abundance heat map showed that distinct clusters were formed between groups. Replacing all the bacitracin with BLF reduced bacterial evenness in the cecal digesta of weaning piglets, while the inhibitory effect on bacterial evenness was reversed in the group treated with bacitracin in combination with BLF. These results indicated that the half replacement of bacitracin with BLF was able to decrease the incidence of diarrhea and modify cecal microbiota composition in weaning piglets, suggesting that a Bacillus licheniformis-fermented feed additive has good potential as a suitable alternative to antibiotics use in the swine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan;
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