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Lu X, Li Y, Akhtar M, Liu C, Ma T, Min W, Bai X, She Y, Chen L, Tian L, Li P, Luo C. A DUF966 gene family member OsDSR3 positively regulates alkali stress tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112072. [PMID: 38513731 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Rice growth and production are severely constrained by alkali stress. However, the mechanism underlying the rice tolerance to alkali stress is unclear. OsDSR3, a novel gene from the domains of unknown function 966 (DUF966) family, was identified and characterized for its function in the response of rice to alkali stress. The result of this study clearly showed that alkali stress significantly induced OsDSR3 expression level. Moreover, the expression of OsDSR3 was up-regulated by drought, salt, cold, H2O2 and abscisic acid (ABA), and down-regulated by gibberellic acid (GA3), and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatments. Subcellular localization exhibited that OsDSR3 was detected in the nucleus and membrane. OsDSR3-overexpressing (OsDSR3-OE) plants showed higher tolerance to alkali stress than the wild-type (WT). In contrast, OsDSR3 knockout (OsDSR3-KO) mutants were more vulnerable to alkali stress. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among OsDSR3-OE and WT seedlings were mainly enriched in porphyrin and chlorophyll, starch and sucrose, and carotenoid metabolic pathways. Among these DEGs, 26 were identified as potential alkali stress-responsive genes, including several up-regulated genes like OsHAK5, OsGRX23 and OsNIR2. Consistent with the expression profiles of metabolic pathways-related genes, most of the metabolite contents and metabolite synthases activities were improved in OsDSR3-OE lines and decreased in OsDSR3-KO lines compared to WT. This may explain the higher tolerance of OE lines and lower tolerance of KO lines to alkali stress. These findings suggested that OsDSR3 positively regulates rice tolerance to alkali stress, which will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying rice alkali tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Lu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Maryam Akhtar
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Tianli Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Weifang Min
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xiaorong Bai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yangmengfei She
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Peifu Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Chengke Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Chen YY, Huang JC, Wu CY, Yu SQ, Wang YT, Ye C, Shi TQ, Huang H. A comprehensive review on the recent advances for 5-aminolevulinic acid production by the engineered bacteria. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38705840 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2336532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid essential for synthesizing tetrapyrrole compounds, including heme, chlorophyll, cytochrome, and vitamin B12. As a plant growth regulator, 5-ALA is extensively used in agriculture to enhance crop yield and quality. The complexity and low yield of chemical synthesis methods have led to significant interest in the microbial synthesis of 5-ALA. Advanced strategies, including the: enhancement of precursor and cofactor supply, compartmentalization of key enzymes, product transporters engineering, by-product formation reduction, and biosensor-based dynamic regulation, have been implemented in bacteria for 5-ALA production, significantly advancing its industrialization. This article offers a comprehensive review of recent developments in 5-ALA production using engineered bacteria and presents new insights to propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Chen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Cong Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Qin Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Zdubek A, Maliszewska I. On the Possibility of Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in the Light-Induced Destruction of Microorganisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3590. [PMID: 38612403 PMCID: PMC11011456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is a method that specifically kills target cells by combining a photosensitizer and irradiation with light at the appropriate wavelength. The natural amino acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is the precursor of endogenous porphyrins in the heme biosynthesis pathway. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of 5-ALA synthesis in biological hosts. The effectiveness of 5-ALA-aPDI in destroying various groups of pathogens (viruses, fungi, yeasts, parasites) was presented, but greater attention was focused on the antibacterial activity of this technique. Finally, the clinical applications of 5-ALA in therapies using 5-ALA and visible light (treatment of ulcers and disinfection of dental canals) were described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irena Maliszewska
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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Su H, Chen X, Chen S, Guo M, Liu H. Applications of the Whole-Cell System in the Efficient Biosynthesis of Heme. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098384. [PMID: 37176091 PMCID: PMC10179345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme has a variety of functions, from electronic reactions to binding gases, which makes it useful in medical treatments, dietary supplements, and food processing. In recent years, whole-cell system-based heme biosynthesis methods have been continuously explored and optimized as an alternative to the low-yield, lasting, and adverse ecological environment of chemical synthesis methods. This method relies on two biosynthetic pathways of microbial precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid (C4, C5) and three known downstream biosynthetic pathways of heme. This paper reviews the genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for heme production in recent years by optimizing culture conditions and techniques from different microorganisms. Specifically, we summarized and analyzed the possibility of using biosensors to explore new strategies for the biosynthesis of heme from the perspective of synthetic biology, providing a new direction for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Su
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shijing Chen
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mingzhang Guo
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Zhu D, Wu C, Niu C, Li H, Ge F, Li W. Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel porphobilinogen synthase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:165. [PMID: 37071336 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) is a metal enzyme with a hybrid active site metal binding sequence. In this study, the porphobilinogen synthase gene of C. glutamicum was cloned and heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli. C. glutamicum PBGS was purified, and its enzymatic characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that C. glutamicum PBGS is a Zn2+-dependent enzyme, and Mg2+ has allosteric regulation. The allosteric Mg2+ plays a vital role in forming the quaternary structure of C. glutamicum PBGS. Based on the ab initio predictive structure modeling of the enzyme and the molecular docking model of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), 11 sites were selected for site-directed mutagenesis. When the hybrid active site metal binding site of C. glutamicum PBGS is converted into a cysteine-rich motif (Zn2+-dependent) or an aspartic acid-rich motif (Mg2+/K+-dependent), the enzyme activity is basically lost. Four residues, D128, C130, D132, and C140, in the metal binding site, were the binding sites of Zn2+ and the active center of the enzyme. The band migration, from the native PAGE, of five variants with mutations in the center of enzyme activity was the same as that of the variant enzymes as purified, individually adding two metal ion chelating agents. Their Zn2+ active center structures were abnormal, and the quaternary structure equilibrium was altered. The destroyed active center affects the construction of its quaternary structure. The quaternary structural balance between octamer and hexamer through dimers was regulated by the allosteric regulation of C. glutamicum PBGS. The enzyme activity was also affected by the change of the active site lid structure and (α β)8-barrel structure caused by mutation. Structural changes in the variants were analyzed to understand C. glutamicum PBGS better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxin Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanglan Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, People's Republic of China.
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Unveiling the Effect of NCgl0580 Gene Deletion on 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Biosynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently received much attention for its wide applications in medicine and agriculture. In this study, we investigated the effect of NCgl0580 in Corynebacterium glutamicum on 5-ALA biosynthesis as well as its possible mechanism. It was found that the overexpression of NCgl0580 increased 5-ALA production by approximately 53.3%. Interestingly, the knockout of this gene led to an even more significant 2.49-fold increase in 5-ALA production. According to transcriptome analysis and functional validation of phenotype-related targets, the deletion of NCgl0580 brought about considerable changes in the transcript levels of genes involved in central carbon metabolism, leading to fluxes redistribution toward the 5-ALA precursor succinyl-CoA as well as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters affecting 5-ALA biosynthesis. In particular, the positive effects of enhanced sugar transport (by overexpressing NCgl1445 and iolT1), glycolysis (by overexpressing pyk2), iron uptake (by overexpressing afuABC), and phosphate uptake (by overexpressing pstSCAB and ugpQ) on 5-ALA biosynthesis were demonstrated for the first time. Thus, the transcriptional mechanism underlying the effect of NCgl0580 deletion on 5-ALA biosynthesis was elucidated, providing new strategies to regulate the metabolic network of C. glutamicum to achieve a further increase in 5-ALA production.
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Sun Y, Zhang T, Lu B, Li X, Jiang L. Application of cofactors in the regulation of microbial metabolism: A state of the art review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1145784. [PMID: 37113222 PMCID: PMC10126289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1145784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cofactors are crucial chemicals that maintain cellular redox balance and drive the cell to do synthetic and catabolic reactions. They are involved in practically all enzymatic activities that occur in live cells. It has been a hot research topic in recent years to manage their concentrations and forms in microbial cells by using appropriate techniques to obtain more high-quality target products. In this review, we first summarize the physiological functions of common cofactors, and give a brief overview of common cofactors acetyl coenzyme A, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, and ATP/ADP; then we provide a detailed introduction of intracellular cofactor regeneration pathways, review the regulation of cofactor forms and concentrations by molecular biological means, and review the existing regulatory strategies of microbial cellular cofactors and their application progress, to maximize and rapidly direct the metabolic flux to target metabolites. Finally, we speculate on the future of cofactor engineering applications in cell factories. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Beeding of Anhui Province, College of Biologic and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangfei Li,
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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Transcriptomic and enzymatic analysis reveals the roles of glutamate dehydrogenase in Corynebacterium glutamicum. AMB Express 2022; 12:161. [PMID: 36576637 PMCID: PMC9797636 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (Gdh), catalyzing the reversible conversion between 2-oxoglutarate and glutamate, plays an important role in the connection of nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Yet little is known about these enzymes in the amino acid-manufacturing Corynebacterium glutamicum. In the present study, we firstly identified the enzymatic characteristics of two Gdhs (GdhA and GdhB). The results showed that both GdhA and GdhB prefers NADPH as a coenzyme and have higher affinity for 2-OG than glutamate. The growth characteristics of gdhAΔ mutant and gdhBΔ mutant, gdhABΔ mutant showed GdhA serves as the main conduit for ammonium assimilation, and GdhB is the main glutamate- metabolizing enzyme in C. glutamicum. The full-genome transcriptomic analysis was used to investigate physiological response of C. glutamicum to the glutamate as nitrogen source, and gdh deletion. The results showed that the nitrogen starvation response was elicited when glutamine served as the sole nitrogen source. gdhAΔBΔ double deletion trigger a partially deregulated nitrogen starvation response, in which genes involved in nitrogen assimilation showed obviously upregulated in a certain extent. On the other hand, the genes of phosphotransferase system (PTS) and glycolysis pathway, most genes in pentose phosphate pathway were significantly upregulated, indicating that gdh deficiency initiated the enhancement of the absorption and metabolism of carbon sources. We believed that our results in this study will give new insights on the molecular mechanism of Gdh activity cross-talks with carbon and nitrogen metabolism, also setting a new background for further flux redistribution applied research of biotechnological interest.
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Jiang M, Hong K, Mao Y, Ma H, Chen T, Wang Z. Natural 5-Aminolevulinic Acid: Sources, Biosynthesis, Detection and Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:841443. [PMID: 35284403 PMCID: PMC8913508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.841443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the key precursor for the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds, with wide applications in medicine, agriculture and other burgeoning fields. Because of its potential applications and disadvantages of chemical synthesis, alternative biotechnological methods have drawn increasing attention. In this review, the recent progress in biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of 5-ALA synthesis in biological hosts are summarized. The research progress on 5-ALA biosynthesis via the C4/C5 pathway in microbial cells is emphasized, and the corresponding biotechnological design strategies are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the detection methods and applications of 5-ALA are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on potential strategies for improving the biosynthesis of 5-ALA and understanding the related mechanisms to further promote its industrial application are conceived and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kunqiang Hong
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of System Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of System Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwen Wang,
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