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Rai A, Patwardhan RS, Jayakumar S, Pachpatil P, Das D, Panigrahi GC, Gota V, Patwardhan S, Sandur SK. Clobetasol propionate, a Nrf-2 inhibitor, sensitizes human lung cancer cells to radiation-induced killing via mitochondrial ROS-dependent ferroptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1506-1519. [PMID: 38480835 PMCID: PMC11192725 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining radiotherapy with Nrf-2 inhibitor holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for radioresistant lung cancer. Here, the radiosensitizing efficacy of a synthetic glucocorticoid clobetasol propionate (CP) in A549 human lung cancer cells was evaluated. CP exhibited potent radiosensitization in lung cancer cells via inhibition of Nrf-2 pathway, leading to elevation of oxidative stress. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant modulation of pathways related to ferroptosis, fatty acid and glutathione metabolism. Consistent with these findings, CP treatment followed by radiation exposure showed characteristic features of ferroptosis in terms of mitochondrial swelling, rupture and loss of cristae. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death triggered by iron-dependent ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In combination with radiation, CP showed enhanced iron release, mitochondrial ROS, and lipid peroxidation, indicating ferroptosis induction. Further, iron chelation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation or scavenging mitochondrial ROS prevented CP-mediated radiosensitization. Nrf-2 negatively regulates ferroptosis through upregulation of antioxidant defense and iron homeostasis. Interestingly, Nrf-2 overexpressing A549 cells were refractory to CP-mediated ferroptosis induction and radiosensitization. Thus, this study identified anti-psoriatic drug clobetasol propionate can be repurposed as a promising radiosensitizer for Keap-1 mutant lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Rai
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Raghavendra S Patwardhan
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Sundarraj Jayakumar
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Pradnya Pachpatil
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Bio Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Dhruv Das
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Applied Genomics Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Girish Ch Panigrahi
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Sejal Patwardhan
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
- Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Santosh K Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Ji Y, Li F, Zhang H, Yang L, Yi Y, Wang L, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Targeting TRIM40 signaling reduces esophagus cancer development: A mechanism involving in protection of oroxylin A. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112362. [PMID: 38901248 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Oroxylin A (OA), a naturally active O-methylated flavone derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, is regarded as a potential drug with strong anticancer effects. Unfortunately, our understanding of the antineoplastic mechanism of oral exposure to such flavonoids is inadequate. Growing evidence has confirmed the important role of OA in the regulation of oxidative stress- and inflammatory-response-induced tissue injury. However, it remains unknown whether OA is capable of mitigating esophagus cancer (EC) progression and its potential molecular mechanism. Furthermore, the tripartite motif containing 40 (TRIM40) is a ubiquitin ligase that mediates the immune response. The potential molecular function of TRIM40 in regulating EC is largely unknown. We confirmed that OA-triggered oxidative stress markedly upregulates TRIM40. During the OA challenge, increased TRIM40 reduced oxidative stress and promoted the ER stress response. Inversely, deletion of TRIM40 facilitated oxidative stress and blocked cancer cell growth in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, in response to OA treatment, TRIM40 directly interacts with Keap1 and promotes ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thus leading to the promotion of Nrf2 nuclear translocation and its downstream cascade activation, which increases antioxidant defense and cell survival. TRIM40 expression was positively correlated with Nrf2 expression and negatively associated with Keap1 expression in EC xenografts and human specimens. In addition, high TRIM40 expression correlates with poor patient survival in EC. The findings suggested that oral exposure to OA significantly mitigates EC development by targeting TRIM40 activity. These findings further elucidated the potential role of TRIM40 in EC progression by mediating Keap1 degradation, which could be considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of such a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Ji
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Fengxiang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Linke Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Lan Wang
- General Internal Medicine, Laiyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Laiyang, Shandong Province 265200, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China.
| | - Zhengqiang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China.
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Xue Z, Nuerrula Y, Sitiwaerdi Y, Eli M. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 promotes radioresistance by regulating glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and its unique immunoinvasive pattern. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:545-559. [PMID: 38340316 PMCID: PMC11088896 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2024.10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) serves as the initial rate-limiting factor in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. GSH is the preferred substrate for glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), directly impacting its activity and stability. This study aims to elucidate the expression of GCLM and its correlation with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), commonly referred to as NRF2, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and further investigate the potential signaling axis of radiotherapy resistance caused by NRF2-mediated regulation of ferroptosis in ESCC. The expression of NRF2, GCLM, and GPX4 in ESCC was analyzed by bioinformatics, and their relationship with ferroptosis was verified through cell function experiments. Their role in radioresistance was then investigated through multiple validation steps. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to determine the immune infiltration pattern of NRF2 in ESCC. Furthermore, the effect of NRF2-mediated massive macrophage M2 infiltration on radiotherapy and ferroptosis was validated through in vivo experiments. In vitro assays demonstrated that overactivated NRF2 promotes radioresistance by directly binding to the promoter region of GCLM. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and quanTIseq analyses revealed NRF2 enrichment in M2 macrophages with a positive correlation. Co-culturing KYSE450 cells with M2 macrophages demonstrated that a significant infiltration of macrophages M2 can render ESCC cells resistant to radiotherapy but restore their sensitivity to ferroptosis in the process. Our study elucidates a link between the NRF2-GCLM-GSH-GPX4 signaling axis in ESCC, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for antagonistic biomarkers of resistance in the future. Additionally, it provides a novel treatment avenue for ESCC metastasis and radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yiliyaer Nuerrula
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yilidana Sitiwaerdi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mayinur Eli
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Wang T, He M, Zhang X, Guo Z, Wang P, Long F. Deciphering the impact of circRNA-mediated autophagy on tumor therapeutic resistance: a novel perspective. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:60. [PMID: 38671354 PMCID: PMC11046940 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapeutic resistance remains a significant challenge in the pursuit of effective treatment strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, have recently emerged as key regulators of various biological processes, including cancer progression and drug resistance. This review highlights the emerging role of circRNAs-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance, a cellular process that plays a dual role in cancer by promoting both cell survival and death. Increasing evidence suggests that circRNAs can modulate autophagy pathways, thereby influencing the response of cancer cells to therapeutic agents. In this context, the intricate interplay between circRNAs, autophagy, and therapeutic resistance is explored. Various mechanisms are discussed through which circRNAs can impact autophagy, including direct interactions with autophagy-related genes, modulation of signaling pathways, and cross-talk with other non-coding RNAs. Furthermore, the review delves into specific examples of how circRNA-mediated autophagy regulation can contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Understanding these intricate molecular interactions provides valuable insights into potential strategies for overcoming therapeutic resistance in cancer. Exploiting circRNAs as therapeutic targets or utilizing them as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers opens new avenues for developing personalized treatment approaches. In summary, this review underscores the importance of circRNA-mediated autophagy in cancer therapeutic resistance and proposes future directions for research in this exciting and rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengjie He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixun Guo
- Department of Clinical Research, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pinghan Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Fangyi Long
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Bi Y, Liu J, Qin S, Ji F, Zhou C, Yang H, Zhou S. CDKL3 shapes immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and initiates autophagy in esophageal cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1295011. [PMID: 38562942 PMCID: PMC10982402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1295011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background CDKL3 has been associated with the prognosis of several tumors. However, the potential role of CDKL3 in immunotherapy and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) remains unclear. Methods In this study, Cox regression analysis was used to assess the predictive value of CDKL3 for ESCA outcomes. We systematically correlated CDKL3 with immunological features in the TME. The role of CDKL3 in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy was also analyzed. Correlation analysis, Cox analysis and LASSO Cox regression were used to construct the CDKL3-related autophagy (CrA) risk score model. The relationship between CDKL3 expression and postoperative pathological complete response (pCR) rate in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) was evaluated using Immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The relationship between CDKL3 expression and autophagy induction was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot, and the effect of CDKL3 expression on macrophage polarization was verified by flow cytometry. Results High expression of CDKL3 was found in ESCA and was associated with poor prognosis in ESCA. Moreover, CDKL3 expression was negatively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs), the integrality of the cancer immunity cycles, and anti-tumor signatures, while CDKL3 expression was positively correlated with suppressive TME-related chemokines and receptors, immune hyperprogressive genes, and suppressive immune checkpoint, resulting in immunosuppressive TME formation in ESCA. An analysis of immunotherapy cohorts of the ESCA and pan-cancer showed a better response to immunotherapy in tumor patients with lower CDKL3 levels. The CrA risk score model was constructed and validated to accurately predict the prognosis of ESCA. Notably, the CrA risk score of ESCA patients was significantly positively correlated with M2 macrophages. Furthermore, knockdown CDKL3 in KYSE150 cells could inhibit autophagy induction and M2 macrophage polarization. And, radiation could downregulate CDKL3 expression and autophagy induction, while ESCC patients with high CDKL3 expression had a significantly lower response rate after nCRT than those with low CDKL3 expression. Conclusion CDKL3 may play an important role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating autophagy to promote the formation of immunosuppressive TME, thus playing a critical role in the prognosis of ESCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Bi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songbing Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuqing Ji
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Xi’an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Verro B, Saraniti C, Carlisi D, Chiesa-Estomba C, Maniaci A, Lechien JR, Mayo M, Fakhry N, Lauricella M. Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5096. [PMID: 37894464 PMCID: PMC10604942 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common cancer among head and neck cancers. Despite a lower incidence of laryngeal carcinoma, new diagnostic techniques, and more targeted therapies, the overall survival has not changed significantly in the last decades, leading to a negative prognosis in advanced stages. Recently, several studies have focused on the identification of biomarkers that may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LSCC. Reviewing the literature on the main databases, this study aims to investigate the role of some biomarkers in LSCC that are correlated with oxidative stress and inflammation: heat shock proteins; metallothioneins; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; heme oxygenase; cyclooxygenase-2; and micro ribonucleic acids. This review shows that biomarker expression depends on the type, grade of differentiation, stage, and site of carcinoma. In addition, the role of these biomarkers in LSCC is still little-known and little-studied. However, the study of biomarker expression and the detection of a possible correlation with patients' epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutics data may lead to better awareness and knowledge of the tumor, to the identification of the best therapeutic strategy, and the most proper follow-up protocol tailored for each patient. In conclusion, the achievement of these goals may improve the prognosis of LSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Verro
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Saraniti
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Carlos Chiesa-Estomba
- Head and Neck Surgery Research Group of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France; (C.C.-E.); (A.M.); (J.R.L.); (M.M.); (N.F.)
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Deusto University, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Head and Neck Surgery Research Group of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France; (C.C.-E.); (A.M.); (J.R.L.); (M.M.); (N.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Jerome R. Lechien
- Head and Neck Surgery Research Group of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France; (C.C.-E.); (A.M.); (J.R.L.); (M.M.); (N.F.)
- Division of Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Epicura Hospital, University of Mons, B7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Miguel Mayo
- Head and Neck Surgery Research Group of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France; (C.C.-E.); (A.M.); (J.R.L.); (M.M.); (N.F.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital San Rafael (HSR), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Nicolas Fakhry
- Head and Neck Surgery Research Group of Young Otolaryngologists of International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), 75000 Paris, France; (C.C.-E.); (A.M.); (J.R.L.); (M.M.); (N.F.)
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, La Conception University Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (D.C.); (M.L.)
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An L, Li M, Jia Q. Mechanisms of radiotherapy resistance and radiosensitization strategies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:140. [PMID: 37598158 PMCID: PMC10439611 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with more than half of them occurred in China. Radiotherapy (RT) has been widely used for treating ESCC. However, radiation-induced DNA damage response (DDR) can promote the release of cytokines and chemokines, and triggers inflammatory reactions and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby inhibiting the immune function and causing the invasion and metastasis of ESCC. Radioresistance is the major cause of disease progression and mortality in cancer, and it is associated with heterogeneity. Therefore, a better understanding of the radioresistance mechanisms may generate more reversal strategies to improve the cure rates and survival periods of ESCC patients. We mainly summarized the possible mechanisms of radioresistance in order to reveal new targets for ESCC therapy. Then we summarized and compared the current strategies to reverse radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo An
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- College of Medical Technology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Yuan TZ, Lin HY, Kuei CH, Lin CH, Lee HH, Lee HL, Lu HW, Su CY, Chiu HW, Lin YF. NEDD8 promotes radioresistance via triggering autophagy formation and serves as a novel prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:41. [PMID: 36890567 PMCID: PMC9993556 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the first-line regimen for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in current clinics. However, the development of therapeutic resistance impacts the anticancer efficacy of irradiation in a subpopulation of OSCC patients. As a result, discovering a valuable biomarker to predict radiotherapeutic effectiveness and uncovering the molecular mechanism for radioresistance are clinical issues in OSCC. METHODS Three OSCC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE42743 dataset and Taipei Medical University Biobank were enrolled to examine the transcriptional levels and prognostic significance of neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to predict the critical pathways underlying radioresistance in OSCC. The colony-forming assay was used to estimate the consequences of irradiation sensitivity after the inhibition or activation of the NEDD8-autophagy axis in OSCC cells. RESULTS NEDD8 upregulation was extensively found in primary tumors compared to normal adjacent tissues and potentially served as a predictive marker for the therapeutic effectiveness of irradiation in OSCC patients. NEDD8 knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity but NEDD8 overexpression reduced it in OSCC cell lines. The inclusion of MLN4924, a pharmaceutical inhibitor for NEDD8-activating enzyme, dose-dependently restored the cellular sensitivity to irradiation treatment in irradiation-insensitive OSCC cells. Computational simulation by GSEA software and cell-based analyses revealed that NEDD8 upregulation suppresses Akt/mTOR activity to initiate autophagy formation and ultimately confers radioresistance to OSCC cells. CONCLUSION These findings not only identify NEDD8 as a valuable biomarker to predict the efficacy of irradiation but also offer a novel strategy to overcome radioresistance via targeting NEDD8-mediated protein neddylation in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Zong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Department of Breast Surgery and General Surgery, Division of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Kuei
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Vertigo and Balance Impairment Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
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He X, Zhou Y, Chen W, Zhao X, Duan L, Zhou H, Li M, Yu Y, Zhao J, Guo Y, Gu H, Jiang Y, Dong Z, Liu K. Repurposed pizotifen malate targeting NRF2 exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing ferroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2023; 42:1209-1223. [PMID: 36841865 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy attempts are needed to enhance esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients' overall survival and satisfaction of life. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), as a high-confidence cancer driver gene, controls the antioxidant response, metabolic balance and redox homeostasis in cancer and is regarded as a potent molecular target for cancer treatment. Here, we attempted to find a new NRF2 inhibitor and study the underlying molecular mechanism in ESCC. We found that up-regulated NRF2 protein was negatively correlated with patient prognosis and promoted tumor proliferation in ESCC. Moreover, Pizotifen malate (PZM), a FDA-approved medication, bound to the Neh1 domain of NRF2 and prevented NRF2 protein binding to the ARE motif of target genes, suppressing transcription activity of NRF2. PZM treatment suppressed tumor development in ESCC PDX model by inducing ferroptosis via down-regulating the transcription of GPX4, GCLC, ME1 and G6PD. Our study illustrates that the over expression of NRF2 indicates poor prognosis and promotes tumor proliferation in ESCC. PZM, as a novel NRF2 inhibitor, inhibits the tumor growth by inducing ferroptosis and elucidates a potent NRF2-based therapy strategy for patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yubing Zhou
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaokun Zhao
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Lina Duan
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yin Yu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Jimin Zhao
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Huihui Gu
- Basic Medicine Sciences Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Cancer Chemoprevention International Collaboration Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China. .,Basic Medicine Sciences Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
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10
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Ala M. Sestrin2 Signaling Pathway Regulates Podocyte Biology and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:8776878. [PMID: 36818747 PMCID: PMC9937769 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8776878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sestrin2 regulates cell homeostasis and is an upstream signaling molecule for several signaling pathways. Sestrin2 leads to AMP-activated protein kinase- (AMPK-) and GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags (GATOR) 1-mediated inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), thereby enhancing autophagy. Sestrin2 also improves mitochondrial biogenesis via AMPK/Sirt1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. Blockade of ribosomal protein synthesis and augmentation of autophagy by Sestrin2 can prevent misfolded protein accumulation and attenuate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, Sestrin2 enhances P62-mediated autophagic degradation of Keap1 to release nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 release by Sestrin2 vigorously potentiates antioxidant defense in diabetic nephropathy. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, severe oxidative stress, and ER stress are all deeply involved in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy. It has been shown that Sestrin2 expression is lower in the kidney of animals and patients with diabetic nephropathy. Sestrin2 knockdown aggravated diabetic nephropathy in animal models. In contrast, upregulation of Sestrin2 enhanced autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy. Consistently, overexpression of Sestrin2 ameliorated podocyte injury, mesangial proliferation, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis in animal models of diabetic nephropathy. By suppressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad and Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription enhancer factor 1 (TEF1) signaling pathways in experimental models, Sestrin2 hindered epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic kidneys. Moreover, modulation of the downstream molecules of Sestrin2, for instance, augmentation of AMPK or Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of mTORC1, has been protective in diabetic nephropathy. Regarding the beneficial effects of Sestrin2 on diabetic nephropathy and its interaction with several signaling molecules, it is worth targeting Sestrin2 in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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11
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The KEAP1-NRF2 System and Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194702. [PMID: 36230622 PMCID: PMC9564177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of many cytoprotective genes. NRF2 activation is mainly regulated by KEAP1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) through ubiquitination and proteasome degradation. Esophageal cancer is classified histologically into two major types: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). ESCC harbors more genetic alterations in the KEAP-NRF2 system than EAC does, which results in NRF2 activation in these cancers. NRF2-addicted ESCC exhibits increased malignancy and acquisition of resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Therefore, it has been recognized that the development of drugs targeting the KEAP1-NRF2 system based on the molecular dissection of NRF2 function is important and urgent for the treatment of ESCC, along with efficient clinical screening for NRF2-addicted ESCC patients. Recently, the fate of NRF2-activated cells in esophageal tissues, which was under the influence of strong cell competition, and its relationship to the pathogenesis of ESCC, was clarified. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the KEAP1-NRF2 system and the treatment of ESCC. We propose three main strategies for the treatment of NRF2-addicted cancer: (1) NRF2 inhibitors, (2) synthetic lethal drugs for NRF2-addicted cancers, and (3) NRF2 inducers of the host defense system.
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12
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Hirose W, Horiuchi M, Li D, Motoike IN, Zhang L, Nishi H, Taniyama Y, Kamei T, Suzuki M, Kinoshita K, Katsuoka F, Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. Selective Elimination of NRF2-Activated Cells by Competition With Neighboring Cells in the Esophageal Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:153-178. [PMID: 36115578 PMCID: PMC9672893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective gene expression in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. NRF2 activity is mainly controlled by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). Constitutive NRF2 activation by NRF2 mutations or KEAP1 dysfunction results in a poor prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) through the activation of cytoprotective functions. However, the detailed contributions of NRF2 to ESCC initiation or promotion have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the fate of NRF2-activated cells in the esophageal epithelium. METHODS We generated tamoxifen-inducible, squamous epithelium-specific Keap1 conditional knockout (Keap1-cKO) mice in which NRF2 was inducibly activated in a subset of cells at the adult stage. Histologic, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, single-cell RNA-sequencing, and carcinogen experiments were conducted to analyze the Keap1-cKO esophagus. RESULTS KEAP1-deleted/NRF2-activated cells and cells with normal NRF2 expression (KEAP1-normal cells) coexisted in the Keap1-cKO esophageal epithelium in approximately equal numbers, and NRF2-activated cells formed dysplastic lesions. NRF2-activated cells exhibited weaker attachment to the basement membrane and gradually disappeared from the epithelium. In contrast, neighboring KEAP1-normal cells exhibited accelerated proliferation and started dominating the epithelium but accumulated DNA damage that triggered carcinogenesis upon carcinogen exposure. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive NRF2 activation promotes the selective elimination of epithelial cells via cell competition, but this competition induces DNA damage in neighboring KEAP1-normal cells, which predisposes them to chemical-induced ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hirose
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Horiuchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Donghan Li
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ikuko N. Motoike
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lin Zhang
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hafumi Nishi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yusuke Taniyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikiko Suzuki
- Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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13
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Wang Z, Wu S, Zhu C, Shen J. The role of ferroptosis in esophageal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:266. [PMID: 35999642 PMCID: PMC9396912 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate around the world. Although the treatment strategy of this disease has made great progress, the prognosis of advanced patients is not ideal. Ferroptosis, a novel regulatory cell death model, that is different from traditional apoptosis and characterized by increased Fenton reaction mediated by intracellular free iron and lipid peroxidation of cell membrane. Ferroptosis has been proved to be closely linked to a variety of diseases, especially cancer. This review aims to summarize the core mechanism of ferroptosis in esophageal cancer, the regulation of ferroptosis signaling pathway and its current application. At the same time, we emphasize the potential and prospect of ferroptosis in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Collectively, targeting ferroptosis pathway may provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Sikai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China
| | - Chengchu Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China.
| | - Jianfei Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, China.
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14
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Effect of Autophagy Inhibitors on Radiosensitivity in DNA Repair-Proficient and -Deficient Glioma Cells. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070889. [PMID: 35888608 PMCID: PMC9317283 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The development of radioresistance is a fundamental barrier to successful glioblastoma therapy. Autophagy is thought to play a role in facilitating the DNA repair of DNA damage foci in radiation-exposed tumor cells, thus, potentially contributing to their restoration of proliferative capacity and development of resistance in vitro. However, the effect of autophagy inhibitors on DNA damage repair is not fully clear and requires further investigation. Materials and Methods: In this work, we utilized M059K (DNA-PKcs proficient) and M059J (DNA-PKcs deficient) glioma cell lines to investigate the role of autophagy inhibitors in the DNA repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. Cell viability following radiation was determined by trypan blue exclusion in both cell lines. Cell death and autophagy assays were performed to evaluate radiation-induced cell stress responses. DNA damage was measured as based on the intensity of phosphorylated γ-H2AX, a DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) marker, in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors. Results: The cell viability assay showed that M059J cells were more sensitive to the same dose of radiation (4 Gy) than M059K cells. This observation was accompanied by an elevation in γ-H2AX formation in M059J but not in M059K cells. In addition, the DAPI/TUNEL and Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining assays did not reveal significant differences in apoptosis and/or senescence induction in response to radiation, respectively, in either cell line. However, acridine orange staining demonstrated clear promotion of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) in both cell lines in response to 4 Gy radiation. Moreover, DNA damage marker levels were found to be elevated 72 h post-radiation when autophagy was inhibited by the lysosomotropic agent bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) or the PI3K inhibitor 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) in M059K cells. Conclusions: The extent of the DNA damage response remained high in the DNA-PKcs deficient cells following exposure to radiation, indicating their inability to repair the newly formed DNA-DSBs. On the other hand, radioresistant M059K cells showed more DNA damage response only when autophagy inhibitors were used with radiation, suggesting that the combination of autophagy inhibitors with radiation may interfere with DNA repair efficiency.
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High expression of nuclear NRF2 combined with NFE2L2 alterations predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:929-937. [PMID: 35194221 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) is a frequently mutated gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the roles of NFE2L2 alterations in ESCC remain elusive. In order to elucidate this issue, 130 ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy were enrolled. The majority of tumor tissues were positive for NRF2, which was significantly enriched in the nucleus of the primary tumor tissues compared with the noncancerous mucosae. Primary ESCC tumors positive for NRF2 tended to be positive for NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as the downstream target of NRF2. There was a positive correlation between NRF2 and NQO1 expression level in primary tumors. NQO1 staining in primary tumors with NRF2 nuclear expression was significantly stronger than that with NRF2 cytoplasmic expression. In addition, high concordance for the status of NRF2 expression between primary tumors and corresponding metastatic lesions was observed. Next, we found high expression of nuclear NRF2 (the proportion of nuclear NRF2 expression >20% or nuclear NRF2 immunohistochemistry score >20) predicted shorter overall survival in patients with dual-positive expression of NRF2 and NQO1. Captured-based targeted sequencing revealed that NFE2L2 somatic alterations were observed in 52.8% of ESCC patients with dual-positive expression of NRF2 and NQO1. NFE2L2 amplification and mutations within the DLG/ETGE motifs were seen more frequently in ESCC tumors with nuclear or nucleocytoplasmic expression of NRF2 compared with those with cytoplasmic expression of NRF2. We also found high expression of nuclear NRF2 plus the status of NFE2L2 alteration exhibited high performance in predicting prognosis of ESCC patients. Our study demonstrated that high nuclear NRF2 expression and NFE2L2 alterations were associated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients. These findings suggest that NRF2 signaling pathway might play vital roles in ESCC malignancy and the aberrant activation of NRF2 pathway predicts unfavorable prognosis in ESCC.
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16
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Zhou S, Sun X, Jin Z, Yang H, Ye W. The role of autophagy in initiation, progression, TME modification, diagnosis, and treatment of esophageal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 175:103702. [PMID: 35577254 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved metabolic process with a cytoprotective function. Autophagy is involved in cancer, infection, immunity, and inflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target. Increasing evidence has revealed that autophagy has primary implications for esophageal cancer, including its initiation, progression, tumor microenvironment (TME) modification, diagnosis, and treatment. Notably, autophagy displayed excellent application potential in radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy. Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy is a new potential therapeutic strategy for cancers, including esophageal cancer. Autophagy modulators can work as adjuvant enhancers in radiotherapy or immunotherapy of cancers. This review highlights the most recent data related to the role of autophagy regulation in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 317000, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, P.R. China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenguang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
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17
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Dietary Phytochemicals Targeting Nrf2 to Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7848811. [PMID: 35368867 PMCID: PMC8967572 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7848811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, cancer has become the second leading cause of death worldwide. Radiotherapy (RT) is the mainstay in management of carcinoma; however, overcoming radioresistance remains a great challenge to successfully treat cancer. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that is responsible for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway could upregulate multifarious antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, further scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Despite its cytoprotective roles in normal cells, it could also alleviate oxidative stress and DNA damage caused by RT in cancer cells, thus promoting cancer cell survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that overactivation of Nrf2 is associated with radioresistance; therefore, targeting Nrf2 is a promising strategy to enhance radiosensitivity. Dietary phytochemicals coming from natural products are characterized by low cost, low toxicity, and general availability. Numerous phytochemicals are reported to regulate Nrf2 and intensify the killing capability of RT through diverse mechanisms, including promoting oxidative stress, proapoptosis, and proautophagy as well as inhibiting Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective genes expression. This review summarizes recent advances in radiosensitizing effects of dietary phytochemicals by targeting Nrf2 and discusses the underlying mechanisms, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of Nrf2 mediated by phytochemicals in cancer.
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18
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Qin WJ, Su YG, Ding XL, Zhao R, Zhao ZJ, Wang YY. CDK4/6 inhibitor enhances the radiosensitization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by activating autophagy signaling via the suppression of mTOR. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1616-1627. [PMID: 35422963 PMCID: PMC8991149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of cyclin D-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The effect of palbociclib on ESCC cell radiosensitivity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assay. γH2AX immunofluorescent staining was used to assess the repair of DNA damage induced by radiation. The expression of DNA repair proteins were examined by western blotting. Subsequently, immunoblotting and autophagy inhibitors were used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of palbociclib triggered radiosensitization. Finally, the xenografts of ESCC were established to study the radiosensitizing effect of palbociclib in vivo. RESULTS Palbociclib combined with irradiation significantly inhibited the cell viability of ESCC in vitro. The expression level of γH2AX showed that radiation induced DNA damage repair was inhibited by palbociclib treatment. Palbociclib also suppressed the expression of RAD51 and phosphorylated DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (p-DNA-PKcs) after irradiation. Mechanically, palbociclib enhanced the radiosensitization of ESCC by activating autophagy via suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine could partially reverse the radiation enhancing effect of palbociclib. Lastly, the xenografted tumor experiment confirmed the radiosensitizing effect of palbociclib in ESCC in vivo. CONCLUSION Our results showed that palbociclib improved the radiosensitivity of ESCC in vivo and in vitro, and thus it may be a promising radiosensitization agent for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi-Ge Su
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ding
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Yang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Graduate School, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
- Cancer Institute, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
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GPx8 regulates apoptosis and autophagy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through the IRE1/JNK pathway. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Weidle UH, Nopora A. MicroRNAs and Corresponding Targets in Esophageal Cancer as Shown In Vitro and In Vivo in Preclinical Models. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2022; 19:113-129. [PMID: 35181582 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is associated with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, identification of new targets and implementation of new treatment modalities are issues of paramount importance. Based on a survey of the literature, we identified microRNAs conferring antitumoral activity in preclinical in vivo experiments. In the category of miRs targeting secreted factors and transmembrane receptors, four miRs were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated compared with five out of nine in the category transcription factors, and six miRs were down-regulated in the category enzymes, including metabolic enzymes. The down-regulated miRs have targets which can be inhibited by small molecules or antibody-related entities, or re-expressed by reconstitution therapy. Up-regulated miRs have targets which can be reconstituted with small molecules or inhibited with antagomirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich H Weidle
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Adam Nopora
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
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SLC7A11 regulated by NRF2 modulates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma radiosensitivity by inhibiting ferroptosis. J Transl Med 2021; 19:367. [PMID: 34446045 PMCID: PMC8393811 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11) is a component of cysteine/glutamate transporter, which plays a key role in tumor growth; however, its underlying effect on radiosensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify SLC7A11's expression and correlation with nuclear expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 (NRF2)-associated radioresistance in ESCC. METHODS We included 127 ESCC patients who received radical chemoradiotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect SLC7A11 and NRF2 nuclear expression, and the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates or therapy response were evaluated. Western blot, dual-reporter assays and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing were used to analyze their relationship in vitro. Their roles in radioresistance were then investigated through multiple validation steps. RESULTS NRF2 nuclear expression and SLC7A11 expression were overexpressed in ESCC tissues and were positively correlated with one another. NRF2 nuclear expression was significantly associated with tumor length, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage, while SLC7A11 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Patients with high NRF2 nuclear expression and SLC7A11 expression had significantly shorter overall and progression-free survival, and poor treatment response. The multivariate model showed that NRF2 nuclear expression and SLC7A11 expression, sex and tumor location are independent prognostic factors. In vitro analysis confirmed that hyperactivation of NRF2 induced SLC7A11 expression by directly binding to its promoter region, promoting radioresistance, reducing radiotherapy-induced lipid peroxidation levels, PTGS2 expression, and radiotherapy-related ferroptosis morphologic features. CONCLUSION Our study reveals a connection between high SLC7A11 expression and NRF2 nuclear expression in patients with ESCC that was related to worse survival and poorer therapy outcomes. SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis inhibition induced NRF2-associated radioresistance, highlighting potential of NRF2/SLC7A11/ferroptosis axis as future therapeutic targets against therapy resistance biomarker.
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22
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Abstract
The gene expression program induced by NRF2 transcription factor plays a critical role in cell defense responses against a broad variety of cellular stresses, most importantly oxidative stress. NRF2 stability is fine-tuned regulated by KEAP1, which drives its degradation in the absence of oxidative stress. In the context of cancer, NRF2 cytoprotective functions were initially linked to anti-oncogenic properties. However, in the last few decades, growing evidence indicates that NRF2 acts as a tumor driver, inducing metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Constitutive activation of NRF2 has been found to be frequent in several tumors, including some lung cancer sub-types and it has been associated to the maintenance of a malignant cell phenotype. This apparently contradictory effect of the NRF2/KEAP1 signaling pathway in cancer (cell protection against cancer versus pro-tumoral properties) has generated a great controversy about its functions in this disease. In this review, we will describe the molecular mechanism regulating this signaling pathway in physiological conditions and summarize the most important findings related to the role of NRF2/KEAP1 in lung cancer. The focus will be placed on NRF2 activation mechanisms, the implication of those in lung cancer progression and current therapeutic strategies directed at blocking NRF2 action.
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23
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Xiao S, Liu N, Yang X, Ji G, Li M. Polygalacin D suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth and metastasis through regulating miR-142-5p/Nrf2 axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 164:58-75. [PMID: 33307164 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with poor survival. High expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an antioxidant transcript factor that protects malignant cells from death. Polygalacin D (PGD), a bioactive compound isolated from Platycodongrandiflorum (Jacq.), has recently been reported to be an anti-tumor agent. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of PGD and its underlying molecular mechanisms in human ESCC. Here, we confirmed that Nrf2 was over-expressed in clinical ESCC tissues and cell lines. PGD treatments markedly reduced Nrf2 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in ESCC cell lines. Importantly, we found that PGD significantly reduced proliferation, and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Also, PGD dramatically triggered autophagy in ESCC cells, and autophagy inhibitor bafilomycinA1 (BafA1) greatly abrogated the inhibitory role of PGD in cell viability and apoptosis. In addition, PGD evidently provoked reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in ESCC cells, and pre-treatment of ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) markedly abolished PGD-triggered cell death. PGD also dramatically repressed migration and invasion in ESCC cells. Mechanistic investigation revealed that Nrf2 gene was directly targeted by miR-142-5p. MiR-142-5p negatively regulated Nrf2 expression in ESCC cells. We notably found that PGD-inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in ESCC were considerably rescued by miR-142-5p knockdown; however, ROS production, apoptosis and autophagy induced by PGD were almost eliminated when miR-142-5p was silenced. On the contrast, over-expressing miR-142-5p could remarkably promote the anti-ESCC effects of PGD. Experiments in vivo by the tumor xenograft model confirmed that miR-142-5p effectively improved the activity of PGD to repress tumor growth and lung metastasis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that PGD had few side effects on normal cells and major organs. Collectively, our findings provided the first evidence that PGD could be an effective therapeutic strategy for ESCC treatment by regulating miR-142-5p/Nrf2 axis with few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuao Xiao
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weinan Central Hospital, Middle Section of Shengli Street, 714000, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Ji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mengbin Li
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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24
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Liu Q, He J, Zhou X, Han M, Li J, Liu C, Yuan H. ACP-5862 suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth through inducing apoptosis via activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ROS production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:995-1002. [PMID: 33168189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common type of human oral malignancy with poor survival. Presently, it is necessary to find new and effective drugs for clinical therapy. This study aimed to identify the potential anti-tumor effects of ACP-5862, a major metabolite of acalabrutinib, on human ESCC progression, and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Our findings suggested that ACP-5862 treatments markedly reduced the cell proliferation of ESCC cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while had no significant cytotoxicity to normal cells. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase was markedly induced by ACP-5862 in ESCC cells. Furthermore, apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were detected in ESCC cells treated with ACP-5862. Intriguingly, ACP-5862-induced apoptotic cell death was partly dependent on ER stress. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) was greatly triggered in ACP-5862-incubated ESCC cells, which was closely involved in apoptosis and ER stress mediated by ACP-5862. In addition, we showed that the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) was considerably reduced in ACP-5862-treated cells. Importantly, ACP-5862 combined with Nrf-2 knockdown could further induce apoptosis and ER stress in ESCC cells compared with the ACP-5862 single group. Animal studies confirmed that repressing Nrf-2 promoted the anti-tumor effect of ACP-5862 on ESCC growth. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that ACP-5862 exerted anti-cancer effects on ESCC through inducing ER stress-mediated apoptosis via the ROS production. Meanwhile, ACP-5862 co-treated with Nrf-2 inhibitors may supply new and effective therapeutic strategies for ESCC treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jingjing He
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xuejun Zhou
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingkun Han
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital Sanya 572000, China
| | - Chenqing Liu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing 100853, China.
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