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Liu ZY, Li YQ, Wang DL, Wang Y, Qiu WT, Qiu YY, Zhang HL, You QL, Liu SM, Liang QN, Wu EJ, Hu BJ, Sun XD. Agrin-Lrp4 pathway in hippocampal astrocytes restrains development of temporal lobe epilepsy through adenosine signaling. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:66. [PMID: 38783336 PMCID: PMC11112884 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human patients often experience an episode of serious seizure activity, such as status epilepticus (SE), prior to the onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), suggesting that SE can trigger the development of epilepsy. Yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein (Lrp4), a receptor for proteoglycan-agrin, has been indicated to modulate seizure susceptibility. However, whether agrin-Lrp4 pathway also plays a role in the development of SE-induced TLE is not clear. METHODS Lrp4f/f mice were crossed with hGFAP-Cre and Nex-Cre mice to generate brain conditional Lrp4 knockout mice (hGFAP-Lrp4-/-) and pyramidal neuron specific knockout mice (Nex-Lrp4-/-). Lrp4 was specifically knocked down in hippocampal astrocytes by injecting AAV virus carrying hGFAP-Cre into the hippocampus. The effects of agrin-Lrp4 pathway on the development of SE-induced TLE were evaluated on the chronic seizure model generated by injecting kainic acid (KA) into the amygdala. The spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in mice were video monitored. RESULTS We found that Lrp4 deletion from the brain but not from the pyramidal neurons elevated the seizure threshold and reduced SRS numbers, with no change in the stage or duration of SRS. More importantly, knockdown of Lrp4 in the hippocampal astrocytes after SE induction decreased SRS numbers. In accord, direct injection of agrin into the lateral ventricle of control mice but not mice with Lrp4 deletion in hippocampal astrocytes also increased the SRS numbers. These results indicate a promoting effect of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes on the development of SE-induced TLE. Last, we observed that knockdown of Lrp4 in hippocampal astrocytes increased the extracellular adenosine levels in the hippocampus 2 weeks after SE induction. Blockade of adenosine A1 receptor in the hippocampus by DPCPX after SE induction diminished the effects of Lrp4 on the development of SE-induced TLE. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate a promoting role of agrin-Lrp4 signaling in hippocampal astrocytes in the development of SE-induced development of epilepsy through elevating adenosine levels. Targeting agrin-Lrp4 signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy to treat TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yang Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Quan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Die-Lin Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University-Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health (GMU-GIBH) Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Ting Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yang Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He-Lin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang-Long You
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Min Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ni Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Er-Jian Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jie Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiang-Dong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of GFNeurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Liu D, Hu C, Zhu R. The intricate dance of non-coding RNAs in myasthenia gravis pathogenesis and treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342213. [PMID: 38605954 PMCID: PMC11007667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) stands as a perplexing autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction, driven by a multitude of antibodies targeting postsynaptic elements. However, the mystery of MG pathogenesis has yet to be completely uncovered, and its heterogeneity also challenges diagnosis and treatment. Growing evidence shows the differential expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in MG has played an essential role in the development of MG in recent years. Remarkably, these aberrantly expressed ncRNAs exhibit distinct profiles within diverse clinical subgroups and among patients harboring various antibody types. Furthermore, they have been implicated in orchestrating the production of inflammatory cytokines, perturbing the equilibrium of T helper 1 cells (Th1), T helper 17 cells (Th17), and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and inciting B cells to generate antibodies. Studies have elucidated that certain ncRNAs mirror the clinical severity of MG, while others may hold therapeutic significance, showcasing a propensity to return to normal levels following appropriate treatments or potentially foretelling the responsiveness to immunosuppressive therapies. Notably, the intricate interplay among these ncRNAs does not follow a linear trajectory but rather assembles into a complex network, with competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) emerging as a prominent hub in some cases. This comprehensive review consolidates the landscape of dysregulated ncRNAs in MG, briefly delineating their pivotal role in MG pathogenesis. Furthermore, it explores their promise as prospective biomarkers, aiding in the elucidation of disease subtypes, assessment of disease severity, monitoring therapeutic responses, and as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Chen BH, Lin ZY, Zeng XX, Jiang YH, Geng F. LRP4-related signalling pathways and their regulatory role in neurological diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148705. [PMID: 38065285 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (LRP4) is mediated largely via the Agrin-LRP4-MuSK signalling pathway in the nervous system. LRP4 contributes to the development of synapses in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It interacts with signalling molecules such as the amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP) and the wingless type protein (Wnt). Its mechanisms of action are complex and mediated via interaction between the pre-synaptic motor neuron and post-synaptic muscle cell in the PNS, which enhances the development of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). LRP4 may function differently in the central nervous system (CNS) than in the PNS, where it regulates ATP and glutamate release via astrocytes. It mayaffect the growth and development of the CNS by controlling the energy metabolism. LRP4 interacts with Agrin to maintain dendrite growth and density in the CNS. The goal of this article is to review the current studies involving relevant LRP4 signaling pathways in the nervous system. The review also discusses the clinical and etiological roles of LRP4 in neurological illnesses, such as myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. In this review, we provide a theoretical foundation for the pathogenesis and therapeutic application of LRP4 in neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ze-Yu Lin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yi-Han Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Fei Geng
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Expression analysis and targets prediction of microRNAs in OGD/R treated astrocyte-derived exosomes by smallRNA sequencing. Genomics 2023; 115:110594. [PMID: 36863417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes activate and crosstalk with neurons influencing inflammatory responses following ischemic stroke. The distribution, abundance, and activity of microRNAs in astrocytes-derived exosomes after ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. In this study, exosomes were extracted from primary cultured mouse astrocytes via ultracentrifugation, and exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation/re‑oxygenation injury to mimic experimental ischemic stroke. SmallRNAs from astrocyte-derived exosomes were sequenced, and differentially expressed microRNAs were randomly selected and verified by stem-loop real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that 176 microRNAs, including 148 known and 28 novel microRNAs, were differentially expressed in astrocyte-derived exosomes following oxygen glucose deprivation/re‑oxygenation injury. In gene ontology enrichment, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analyses, and microRNA target gene prediction analyses, these alteration in microRNAs were associated to a broad spectrum of physiological functions including signaling transduction, neuroprotection and stress responses. Our findings warrant further investigating of these differentially expressed microRNAs in human diseases particularly ischemic stroke.
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Hui TK, Lai XS, Dong X, Jing H, Liu Z, Fei E, Chen WB, Wang S, Ren D, Zou S, Wu HT, Pan BX. Ablation of Lrp4 in Schwann Cells Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Mice. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060452. [PMID: 34063992 PMCID: PMC8223976 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) is a critical protein involved in the Agrin-Lrp4-MuSK signaling pathway that drives the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Many studies have shown that Lrp4 also functions in kidney development, bone formation, nervous system development, etc. However, whether Lrp4 participates in nerve regeneration in mammals remains unknown. Herein, we show that Lrp4 is expressed in SCs and that conditional knockout (cKO) of Lrp4 in SCs promotes peripheral nerve regeneration. In Lrp4 cKO mice, the demyelination of SCs was accelerated, and the proliferation of SCs was increased in the injured nerve. Furthermore, we identified that two myelination-related genes, Krox-20 and Mpz, were downregulated more dramatically in the cKO group than in the control group. Our results elucidate a novel role of Lrp4 in peripheral nerve regeneration and thereby provide a potential therapeutic target for peripheral nerve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Kun Hui
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Xin-Sheng Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Xia Dong
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hongyang Jing
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Ziyang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Erkang Fei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Wen-Bing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Shunqi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Dongyan Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Suqi Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (T.-K.H.); (X.-S.L.); (H.J.); (Z.L.); (E.F.); (W.-B.C.); (S.W.); (D.R.)
- Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (H.-T.W.); (B.-X.P.)
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