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Jiang J, Shu H, Wang DW, Hui R, Li C, Ran X, Wang H, Zhang J, Nie S, Cui G, Xiang D, Shao Q, Xu S, Zhou N, Li Y, Gao W, Chen Y, Bian Y, Wang G, Xia L, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Wang J, Chen S, Jiang H, Chen J, Du X, Chen M, Sun Y, Li S, Ding H, Ma X, Zeng H, Lin L, Zhou S, Ma L, Tao L, Chen J, Zhou Y, Guo X. Chinese Society of Cardiology guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of adult fulminant myocarditis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:913-939. [PMID: 38332216 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Fulminant myocarditis is an acute diffuse inflammatory disease of myocardium. It is characterized by acute onset, rapid progress and high risk of death. Its pathogenesis involves excessive immune activation of the innate immune system and formation of inflammatory storm. According to China's practical experience, the adoption of the "life support-based comprehensive treatment regimen" (with mechanical circulation support and immunomodulation therapy as the core) can significantly improve the survival rate and long-term prognosis. Special emphasis is placed on very early identification,very early diagnosis,very early prediction and very early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Jiang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongyang Shu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Rutai Hui
- Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xiao Ran
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fuwai Huazhong Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guanglin Cui
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dingcheng Xiang
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Qun Shao
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Union Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Taida Hospital, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liming Xia
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan, Guangzhou, 523080, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjin Du
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Mao Chen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Yinxian Sun
- First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750003, China
| | - Hesong Zeng
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Lin
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Likun Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230002, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Central Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Liu Y, Zhang L, Yao Y, Li Y, Qin W, Li Y, Xue W, Li P, Chen Y, Chen X, Guo H. Effects of levosimendan on the outcome of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:509-521. [PMID: 37217802 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure, such as cardiogenic shock, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is primarily utilized to preserve their life by providing continuous extracorporeal respiration and circulation. However, because of the complexity of patients' underlying diseases and serious complications, successful weaning from ECMO is often difficult. At present, there have been limited studies on ECMO weaning strategies, so the principal purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine how levosimendan contributes to the weaning of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed were browsed for all potentially related research about clinical benefits of levosimendan in weaning patients receiving VA-ECMO and included 15 of them. The main outcome is success of weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, with the secondary outcomes of 1-month mortality (28 or 30 days), ECMO duration, hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and use of vasoactive drugs. RESULTS 1772 patients altogether from 15 publications were incorporated in our meta-analysis. We used fixed and random-effect models to combine odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes. The weaning success rate in the levosimendan group was considerably higher in contrast to the comparison (OR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.80-4.30; P < 0.00001; I2 = 65%), and subgroup analysis showed that there was less heterogeneity in patients after cardiac surgery (OR = 2.06, 95% CI, 1.35-3.12; P = 0.0007; I2 = 17%). In addition, the effect of levosimendan on improving weaning success rate was statistically significant only at 0.2 mcg/kg/min (OR = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.11-5.40; P = 0.03; I2 = 38%). At the same time, the 28-day or 30-day proportion of deaths in the sample receiving levosimendan also decreased (OR = 0.47, 95% CI, 0.28-0.79; P = 0.004; I2 = 73%), and the difference was statistically significant. In terms of secondary outcomes, we found that individuals undergoing levosimendan treatment had a longer duration of VA-ECMO support. CONCLUSIONS In patients receiving VA-ECMO, levosimendan treatment considerably raised the weaning success rate and helped lower mortality. Since most of the evidence comes from retrospective studies, more randomized multicenter trials are required to verify the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weidong Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanlin Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengyong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Bertini P, Paternoster G, Landoni G, Falcone M, Nocci M, Costanzo D, Brizzi G, Romani M, Esposito A, Guarracino F. Beneficial effects of levosimendan to wean patients from VA-ECMO: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:564-574. [PMID: 35687316 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.22.06054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with refractory cardiogenic shock can benefit from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). The use of levosimendan in VA-ECMO patients may facilitate weaning and enhance survival. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from inception to October 10th, 2021. Eligible clinical trials and observational studies reporting the use of levosimendan in VA-ECMO were searched. Two reviewers extracted data and independently assessed the risk of bias. To integrate the data, a random-effect model was applied. The success of weaning from VA-ECMO was the primary outcome. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Ten observational studies, including a total of 987 patients, were identified. Levosimendan was associated with successful weaning (362/448) compared with controls (328/539) (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.71-3.28; P=0.01) and reduced mortality (144/433 vs. 258/507) (nine studies, OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.36-0.78; P=0.01) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Levosimendan was associated with successful weaning and increased survival in VA-ECMO patients. Randomized trials should confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bertini
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy -
| | - Gianluca Paternoster
- Division of Cardiac Resuscitation, Cardiovascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Landoni
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Infectious Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Nocci
- Section of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego Costanzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Brizzi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Romani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Esposito
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabio Guarracino
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Yang B, Zhao T, Guo B, Li Y. Short-term effects of levosimendan use for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Perfusion 2023; 38:305-312. [PMID: 34689640 DOI: 10.1177/02676591211051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Levosimendan has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of cardiogenic shock and facilitate weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. However, the beneficial effects of levosimendan treatment on hospital outcomes in patients receiving venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are uncertain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the short-term effects of levosimendan use for patients undergoing VA-ECMO. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for English articles published from inception to July 15, 2021. Observational studies comparing levosimendan versus non- levosimendan for VA-ECMO were considered eligible for the current study. RESULTS Nine observational studies with 1058 patients were included. In-hospital mortality was 46.3% in the levosimendan group as compared with 50.7% in the control group. Levosimendan significantly reduced in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing VA-ECMO compared with the control group (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67-0.95; p = 0.013). The incidence of weaning from VA-ECMO was 79.3% in the levosimendan group as compared with 63.4% in the control group. Levosimendan significantly increase the incidence of weaning from VA-ECMO in patients as compared with the control group (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.34; p = 0.002). In the one-way sensitivity analysis for estimating the effect of each study on mortality or weaning from VA-ECMO, omission of each study did not make a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that levosimendan use significantly reduced in-hospital mortality and increase the incidence of weaning in patients undergoing VA-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Yang
- The 4th Department of Cardiology, The Sceond Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- The 4th Department of Cardiology, The Sceond Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- The 4th Department of Cardiology, The Sceond Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Massol J, Simon-Tillaux N, Tohme J, Hariri G, Dureau P, Duceau B, Belin L, Hajage D, De Rycke Y, Charfeddine A, Lebreton G, Combes A, Bouglé A. Levosimendan in patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery: an emulated target trial using observational data. Crit Care 2023; 27:51. [PMID: 36750852 PMCID: PMC9906922 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retrospective cohorts have suggested that levosimendan may facilitate the weaning of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). We therefore studied this clinical question by emulating a randomized trial with observational data. METHODS All patients with refractory postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock and assisted with VA-ECMO, admitted to a surgical intensive care unit at La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital between 2016 and 2019, were eligible. To avoid immortal-time bias, we emulated a target trial sequentially comparing levosimendan administration versus no levosimendan administration in patients treated with VA-ECMO. The primary outcome was time to successful ECMO weaning. The secondary outcomes were 30-day and 1-year mortality. We performed a multivariable analysis to adjust for confounding at baseline. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-nine patients were included in the study allowing building a nested trials cohort of 1434 copies of patients. No association of levosimendan treatment and VA-ECMO weaning was found (HR = 0.91, [0.57; 1.45], p = 0.659 in multivariable analysis), or 30-day mortality (OR = 1.03, [0.52; 2.03], p = 0.940) and 1-year mortality (OR = 1.00, [0.53; 1.89], p = 0.999). CONCLUSIONS Using the emulated target trial framework, this study did not find any association of levosimendan treatment and ECMO weaning success after postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. However, the population of interest remains heterogeneous and subgroups might benefit from levosimendan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Massol
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Noémie Simon-Tillaux
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Joanna Tohme
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Geoffroy Hariri
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Pauline Dureau
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Duceau
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Belin
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yann De Rycke
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Charfeddine
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Lebreton
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alain Combes
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Bouglé
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de L'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
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Bourgoin P, Lecomte J, Oualha M, Berthomieu L, Pereira T, Davril E, Lamoureux F, Joram N, Chenouard A, Duflot T. Population Pharmacokinetics of Levosimendan and its Metabolites in Critically Ill Neonates and Children Supported or Not by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:335-348. [PMID: 36631687 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-022-01199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levosimendan (LVSMD) is a calcium-sensitizer inotropic and vasodilator agent whose use might have a beneficial effect on the weaning of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). In light of LVSMD pharmacological characteristics, we hypothesized that ECMO may induce major pharmacokinetic (PK) modifications for LVSMD and its metabolites. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the PK of LVSMD and its metabolites, and to assess the effects of ECMO on PK parameters. METHODS We conducted a multicentric, prospective study (NCT03681379). Twenty-seven infusions of LVSMD were performed, allowing for the collection of 255 blood samples. Non-linear mixed-effects modeling software (MONOLIX®) was used to develop a parent-metabolite PK model of LVSMD and its metabolites. RESULTS Most patients received a 0.2 µg/kg/min infusion of LVSMD over 24 h. After elimination of non-reliable samples or concentrations below the limit of quantification, 166, 101 and 85 samples were considered for LVSMD, OR-1855 and OR-1896, respectively, of which 81, 53 and 41, respectively, were drawn under ECMO conditions. Parent-metabolite PK modeling revealed that a two-compartment model with first-order elimination best described LVSMD PK. Use of a transit compartment allowed for an explanation of the delayed appearance of circulating OR-1855 and OR-1896, with the latter following a first-order elimination. Patient weight influenced the central volume of distribution and elimination of LVSMD. ECMO support increased the elimination rate of LVSMD by 78%, and ECMO also slowed down the metabolite formation rate by 85% for OR-1855, which in turn is converted to the active metabolite OR-1896, 14% slower than without ECMO. Simulated data revealed that standard dosing may not be appropriate for patients under ECMO, with a decrease in the steady-state concentration of LVSMD and lower exposure to the active metabolite OR-1896. CONCLUSIONS ECMO altered PK parameters for LVSMD and its metabolites. An infusion of LVSMD over 48 h, instead of 24 h, with a slightly higher dose may promote synthesis of the active metabolite OR-1896, which is responsible for the long-term efficacy of LVSMD. Further trials evaluating ECMO effects using a PK/pharmacodynamic approach may be of interest. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number NCT03681379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourgoin
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France. .,Department of Anesthesiology, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France.
| | - Jules Lecomte
- Department of Anesthesiology, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Mehdi Oualha
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Berthomieu
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Tony Pereira
- INSERM U1096, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Emeline Davril
- INSERM U1096, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Lamoureux
- INSERM U1096, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76000, Rouen, France.,Department of Pharmacology, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Joram
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis Chenouard
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, CHU Nantes, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Duflot
- INSERM U1096, UNIROUEN, Normandie University, 76000, Rouen, France.,Department of Pharmacology, CHU Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France.,CHU Rouen, CIC-CRB U1404, 76000, Rouen, France
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7
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Hau M, Fong KM, Au SY. Response to "Levosimendan's ability on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning: Evidence says yes!". Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:191-192. [PMID: 36726214 DOI: 10.1177/03913988231151973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hau
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Man Fong
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek-Yin Au
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Chen YW, Lee WC, Wu PJ, Fang HY, Fang YN, Chen HC, Tong MS, Sung PH, Lee CH, Chung WJ. Early Levosimendan Administration Improved Weaning Success Rate in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:912321. [PMID: 35845047 PMCID: PMC9279688 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been increasingly used in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock (CS) or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. It is difficult to perform VA-ECMO weaning, which may cause circulatory failure and death. Levosimendan is an effective inotropic agent used to maintain cardiac output, has a long-lasting effect, and may have the potential benefit for VA-ECMO weaning. The study aimed to explore the relationship between the early use of levosimendan and the rate of VA-ECMO weaning failure in patients on VA-ECMO support for circulatory failure. Methods All patients who underwent VA-ECMO in our hospital for CS between January 2017 and December 2020 were recruited in this cohort study and divided into two groups: without and with levosimendan use. Levosimendan was used as an add-on to other inotropic agents as early as possible after VA-ECMO setting. The primary endpoint was VA-ECMO weaning success, which was defined as survival without events for 24 h after VA-ECMO withdrawl. The secondary outcomes were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality at the 30-day and 180-day follow-up periods post-VA-ECMO initialization. Results A total of 159 patients were recruited for our study; 113 patients were enrolled in the without levosimendan-use group and 46 patients were enrolled in the levosimendan-use group. In levosimendan-use group, the patients received levosimendan infusion within 24 h after VA-ECMO initialization. Similar hemodynamic parameters were noted between the two groups. Poorer left ventricular ejection fraction and a higher prevalence of intra-aortic balloon pumping were observed in the levosimendan group. An improved weaning rate (without vs. with: 48.7 vs. 82.6%; p < 0.001), lower in-hospital mortality rate (without vs. with: 68.1 vs. 43.5%; p = 0.007), and 180-day cardiovascular mortality (without vs. with: 75.3 vs. 43.2%; p < 0.001) were also noted. Patients administered with levosimendan also presented a lower rate of 30-day (without vs. with: 75.3 vs. 41.3%; p = 0.034) and 180-day (without vs. with: 77.0 vs. 43.2%; p < 0.001) all-cause mortality. Conclusion Early levosimendan administration may contribute to increasing the success rate of VA-ECMO weaning and may help to decrease CV and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Lee
- College of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wei-Chieh Lee,
| | - Po-Jui Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yu Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nan Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Shen Tong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fangliao General Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Ho Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jung Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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9
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Hau M, Fong KM, Au SY. Levosimendan's effect on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning. Int J Artif Organs 2022; 45:571-579. [PMID: 35570732 DOI: 10.1177/03913988221098773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) provides temporary haemodynamic support in refractory cardiogenic shock. Recent retrospective studies on levosimendan on V-A ECMO weaning had conflicting results. This study aimed to determine the association between levosimendan on V-A ECMO weaning success in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in an intensive care unit in Hong Kong. All adult patients requiring V-A ECMO from January 2016 to September 2020 were included. Patients who were given levosimendan were compared to patients who were not, on rates of successful V-A ECMO weaning. The groups were also compared after propensity matching based on covariates closely associated with the use of levosimendan. RESULTS A total of 119 patients were included in the study, with 38 in the levosimendan group and 81 in the non-levosimendan group. Patients treated with levosimendan trended towards improved weaning success, but the difference was not statistically significant (63% vs 53%, p = 0.404). In the propensity-matched groups, there was no difference in weaning success (odds ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.23-8.00). The levosimendan group was associated with lower vasopressor requirement, lower lactate levels, and more significant drop in lactate in the first 2 days of V-A ECMO. The levosimendan group had longer ECMO duration. There was no difference in other secondary outcomes including mortality, length of stay in ICU and hospital and duration of mechanical ventilation. There was no difference in the rate of ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSION Levosimendan did not improve V-A ECMO weaning success in our cohort with refractory cardiogenic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hau
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka-Man Fong
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shek-Yin Au
- Intensive Care Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Luo JC, Zheng WH, Meng C, Zhou H, Xu Y, Tu GW, Luo Z, Huang HB. Levosimendan to Facilitate Weaning From Cardiorespiratory Support in Critically Ill Patients: A Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:741108. [PMID: 34712681 PMCID: PMC8546177 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.741108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiopulmonary support, as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or mechanical ventilation (MV), is crucial for ICU patients. However, some of these patients are difficult to wean. Therefore, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of levosimendan in facilitating weaning from cardiorespiratory support in this patient population. Methods: We searched for potentially relevant articles in PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Cochrane database from inception up to Feb 30, 2021. Studies focusing on weaning data in MV/ECMO adult patients who received levosimendan compared to controls were included. We used the Cochrane risk of bias tool or the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale to evaluate the study quality. The primary outcome was the weaning rate from MV/ECMO. Secondary outcomes were mortality, duration of MV, and ICU stay. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also conducted. Results: Eighteen studies with 2,274 patients were included. The quality of the included studies was low to moderate. Overall, levosimendan effectively improved weaning rates from MV/ECMO [odds ratio (OR) = 2.32; 95%CI, 1.60-3.36; P < 0.00001, I 2 = 68%]. Subgroup analyses confirmed the higher successful weaning rates in ventilated patients with low left ventricular ejection fractions (OR = 4.06; 95%CI, 2.16-7.62), patients with ECMO after cardiac surgery (OR = 2.04; 95%CI, 1.25-3.34), and patients with ECMO and cardiogenic shock (OR = 1.98; 95%CI, 1.34-2.91). However, levosimendan showed no beneficial effect on patients with MV weaning difficulty (OR = 2.28; 95%CI, 0.72-7.25). Additionally, no differences were found concerning the secondary outcomes between the groups. Conclusions: Levosimendan therapy significantly increased successful weaning rates in patients with cardiopulmonary support, especially patients with combined cardiac insufficiency. Large-scale, well-designed RCTs will be needed to define the subgroup of patients most likely to benefit from this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Chao Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-He Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wei Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Bin Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Conti N, Gatti M, Raschi E, Diemberger I, Potena L. Evidence and Current Use of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Heart Failure: Filling the Gap. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:3391-3409. [PMID: 34376973 PMCID: PMC8350150 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s295214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Levosimendan is a distinctive inodilator combing calcium sensitization, phosphodiesterase inhibition and vasodilating properties through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels. It was first approved in Sweden in 2000 for the short-term treatment of acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure when conventional therapy is not sufficient, and in cases where inotropic support is considered appropriate. After more than 20 years, clinical applications have considerably expanded across critical care and emergency medicine, and levosimendan is now under investigation in different cardiac settings (eg, septic shock, pulmonary hypertension) and for non-cardiac applications (eg, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This narrative review outlines key milestones in levosimendan history, by addressing regulatory issues, pharmacological peculiarities and clinical aspects (efficacy and safety) of a drug that did not receive great attention in the heart failure guidelines. A brief outlook to the ongoing clinical trials is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolina Conti
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milo Gatti
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,SSD Clinical Pharmacology, IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuel Raschi
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Potena
- Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Ellouze O, Soudry Faure A, Radhouani M, Abou‐Arab O, Besnier E, Moussa M, Cransac A, Ksiazek E, Fischer M, Mertes PM, Bouhemad B, Guinot PG. Levosimendan in venoarterial ECMO weaning. Rational and design of a randomized double blind multicentre trial. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:3339-3347. [PMID: 34145993 PMCID: PMC8318420 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly being used in circulatory failure. The main indications are cardiogenic shock, post-cardiotomy cardiac failure, and refractory cardiac arrest. However, VA-ECMO weaning is particularly challenging, and weaning failure is reported to be as high as 50%, with increased related mortality. Levosimendan is a novel long acting effect inodilator used in cardiogenic shock and terminal heart failure decompensation. Levosimendan use in VA-ECMO patients seems to reduce weaning failure regardless of the initial aetiology and to reduce mortality when administrated early after VA-ECMO initiation. However, studies are limited to retrospective analyses and reported case series. The aim of the WEANILEVO trial is to evaluate whether administration of levosimendan before VA-ECMO weaning is associated with a reduced rates of weaning failure and recourse to other temporary circulatory support. METHODS AND RESULTS WEANILEVO is a randomized, prospective, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled trial. One hundred eighty patients will be enrolled if they had acute circulatory heart failure treated with VA-ECMO and for whom weaning is expected within 48 h. The study drugs are either levosimendan (0.2 μg/kg/min for 24 h) or a placebo. The primary endpoint of the trial is the absence of VA-ECMO weaning, recourse to another VA-ECMO, or other temporary circulatory assistance or death within 7 days of VA-ECMO weaning. CONCLUSIONS Levosimendan use in VA-ECMO appears to be beneficial for reducing weaning failure and mortality. The results of WEANILEVO should significantly influence decisions regarding the use of levosimendan for VA-ECMO weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ellouze
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of DijonDijonFrance
| | | | - Mohamed Radhouani
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of DijonDijonFrance
| | - Osama Abou‐Arab
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of AmiensAmiensFrance
| | - Emmanuel Besnier
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of RouenRouenFrance
| | - Mouhamed Moussa
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Amélie Cransac
- Department of PharmacyUniversity Hospital of DijonDijonFrance
| | - Elea Ksiazek
- Direction of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital of DijonDijonFrance
| | | | - Paul Michel Mertes
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Belaid Bouhemad
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareUniversity Hospital of DijonDijonFrance
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the use of vasopressors and inotropes in cardiogenic shock. RECENT FINDINGS The classic form or cardiogenic shock requires administration of inotropic and/or vasopressor agents to try to improve the impaired tissue perfusion. Among vasopressors various alpha-adrenergic agents, vasopressin derivatives and angiotensin can be used. The first-line therapy remains norepinephrine as it is associated with minimal adverse effects and appears to be associated by the best outcome in network meta-analyses. On the contrary, epinephrine is associated with an increased incidence of refractory shock and observational studies suggest an increased risk of death. Vasopressin may be an excellent alternative in tachycardiac patients or in the presence of pulmonary hypertension. Concerning inotropic agents, dobutamine is the first-line agent but levosimendan is an excellent alternative or additional agent in cases not responding to dobutamine. The impact on outcome of inotropic agents remains controversial. SUMMARY Recent studies have refined the position of the various vasopressor and inotropic agents. Norepinephrine is recommended as first-line vasopressor agent by various guidelines. Among inotropic agents, selection between the agents should be individualized and based on the hemodynamic response.
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14
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Immohr MB, Akhyari P, Boettger C, Erbel S, Westenfeld R, Scheiber D, Tudorache I, Aubin H, Lichtenberg A, Boeken U. Levosimendan for Treatment of Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation: Optimal Timing of Application. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2021; 19:473-480. [PMID: 33877035 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2020.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary graft dysfunction remains a serious problem after heart transplant. Pharmacological treatment with the calcium sensitizer levosimendan may be an additive treatment for primary graft dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing heart transplant between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed and divided depending on postoperative treatment with (n = 41) or without (n = 109) levosimendan. Recipients who received levosi mendan were further divided with regard to timing of levosimendan application (early group: started ≤48 hours posttransplant [n = 23]; late group: started >48 hours posttransplant [n = 18]). RESULTS Patients who received levosimendan treatment displayed a remarkable incidence (87.8%) of postoperative primary graft dysfunction with need for venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and therefore often presented with perioperative morbidity. Patient with early application of levosimendan showed significantly decreased duration of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (5.1 ± 3.5 days vs 12.6 ± 9.3 days in those with late application; P < .01) and decreased mortality during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (0.0% vs 33.3% in early vs late group; P < .01). In addition, compared with patients with late levosimendan application, patients with early application needed fewer blood transfusions (P < .05), had shorter ventilation times (279 ± 235 vs 428 ± 293 h; P = .03), and showed a trend of reduced incidence of postoperative renal failure (69.6% vs 94.4%; P = .06). Moreover, survival analyses indicated an increased survival for patients with early start of levosimendan therapy within the first 48 hours after heart transplant (P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Pharmacotherapy with levosimendan may be a promising additive in the treatment of primary graft dysfunction after heart transplant. With administration of levosimendan within the first 48 hours posttransplant, rates of successful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and outcomes after heart transplant were shown to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- From the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Balthazar T, Vandenbriele C, Verbrugge FH, Den Uil C, Engström A, Janssens S, Rex S, Meyns B, Van Mieghem N, Price S, Adriaenssens T. Managing Patients With Short-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:1243-1256. [PMID: 33663742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of mechanical circulatory support for patients presenting with cardiogenic shock is rapidly increasing. Currently, there is only limited and conflicting evidence available regarding the role of the Impella (a microaxial, continuous-flow, short-term, left or right ventricular assist device) in cardiogenic shock; further randomized trials are needed. Patient selection, timing of implantation, and post-implantation management in the cardiac intensive care unit are crucial elements for success. Particular challenges at the bedside include the practical management of anticoagulation, evaluation of correct device position, and the approach to use in a patient with signs of insufficient hemodynamic support. Profound knowledge of these issues is required to enable the maximal potential of the device. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the short-term assist device and describes a practical approach to optimize care for patients supported with the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Balthazar
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Vandenbriele
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Adult Intensive Care, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Corstiaan Den Uil
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Engström
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffen Rex
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Meyns
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Van Mieghem
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanna Price
- Department of Adult Intensive Care, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Adriaenssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Alonso‐Fernandez‐Gatta M, Merchan‐Gomez S, Gonzalez‐Cebrian M, Diego‐Nieto A, Alzola E, Toranzo‐Nieto I, Barrio A, Martin‐Herrero F, Sanchez PL. Levosimendan in veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator supported patients: Impact on the success of weaning and survival. Artif Organs 2021; 45:717-725. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraya Merchan‐Gomez
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Diego‐Nieto
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
| | - Elisabete Alzola
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
| | - Ines Toranzo‐Nieto
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
| | - Alfredo Barrio
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
| | | | - Pedro L. Sanchez
- Cardiology Department University Hospital of Salamanca – IBSAL, CIBER‐CV Salamanca Spain
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Alharbi RJ, Lewis V, Miller C. A state-of-the-art review of factors that predict mortality among traumatic injury patients following a road traffic crash. Australas Emerg Care 2021; 25:13-22. [PMID: 33619002 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic related injuries are a major public health problem worldwide with millions of people dying every year. The objective of this state-of-the-art review was to identify the factors reported in the literature as being associated with mortality for trauma patients following road traffic crashes. METHOD A systematic search was undertaken of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify articles published in the past two decades (2000-2020). Of 8257 records, 4507 remained for title, abstract and full text screening after duplicates were removed. The level of evidence of selected studies was assessed using The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guideline. RESULTS This review included eighty primary research studies examining mortality risk factors following a road traffic crash. The study identified factors in five categories; (i) demographic factors; (ii) behavioural factors; (iii) crash characteristics; (iv) environmental and timing factors; (v) injury severity and pre-injury/condition. The primary studies are summarised in a matrix. Included studies included level II to level IV levels of evidence based on the NHMRC criteria. CONCLUSION This study shows that there are a large number of factors associated with increased risk of mortality following diverse types of traffic crashes. Understanding these wide-ranging factors can strengthen injury and mortality prevention by guiding decision makers about where to focus strategy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Jafnan Alharbi
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, 1stfloor, HSB 1, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia; Department of Emergency Medical Service, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Virginia Lewis
- Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charne Miller
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, La Trobe University, 1stfloor, HSB 1, Bundoora, 3086 Victoria, Australia
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Gaisendrees C, Vollmer M, Walter SG, Djordjevic I, Eghbalzadeh K, Kaya S, Elderia A, Ivanov B, Gerfer S, Kuhn E, Sabashnikov A, Kahlert HA, Deppe AC, Kröner A, Mader N, Wahlers T. Management of out-of hospital cardiac arrest patients with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2021. Expert Rev Med Devices 2021; 18:179-188. [PMID: 33538204 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2021.1886076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, eCPR programs have become more and more popular, at least amongst high-volume centers. Despite its rise in popularity and promising outcome, strategies concerning pre- and post-implantation of VA-ECMO remain at least debatable. Besides, integrating the appropriate set-up, managing anticoagulation, implementing LV-venting, and predicting neurological outcome play important roles in caring for thise highly selective patient-collective. We sought to present our institutional´s techniques for establishing an eCPR program and managing patients peri- and post implantation in eCPR-runs. AREAS COVERED This manuscript covers the majority of clinical concerns and parameters for establishing an eCPR program and its recent advantages. We will describe a safe way of cannulation, setting anticoagulation goals, strategies for LV-venting and ICU-treatment. Also included, an elaboration on neurological and cardiac prognostication. EXPERT OPINION We advocate ultrasound-guided cannula placement in eCPR patients. Also, we emphasize the importance of using stiffer wires and smaller arterial cannula sizes due to the different physiological parameters of OHCA patients. After cannulation, we aim for lower flow goals, the concept of 'partial VA-ECMO,' and lower anticoagulatory targets. LV-venting with Impella should remain an individual case to case decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gaisendrees
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Matias Vollmer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Sebastian G Walter
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ilija Djordjevic
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Kaveh Eghbalzadeh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Süreyya Kaya
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ahmed Elderia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Borko Ivanov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Stephen Gerfer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Elmar Kuhn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Anton Sabashnikov
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Heike A Kahlert
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Antje C Deppe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Axel Kröner
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Navid Mader
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Thorsten Wahlers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, the City is Cologne (Köln), Germany
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19
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Kaddoura R, Omar AS, Ibrahim MIM, Alkhulaifi A, Lorusso R, Elsherbini H, Soliman O, Caliskan K. The Effectiveness of Levosimendan on Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Management and Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 35:2483-2495. [PMID: 33583718 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides a temporary support system for patients with cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional medical therapies. It has been reported that levosimendan may facilitate VA-ECMO weaning and improve survival. The primary objective of this review was to examine the effect of levosimendan use on VA-ECMO weaning and mortality in critically ill patients on VA-ECMO. DESIGN MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched. A pair of reviewers identified eligible clinical trials. Two reviewers extracted data and independently assessed the risk of bias. A random-effect model was used to combine data. The primary outcome was the success of weaning from VA-ECMO. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Seven studies of observational design, including a total of 630 patients, were selected in the final analysis. The sample size ranged from ten-to-240 patients, with a mean age between 53 and 65 years, and more than half of them underwent cardiac surgeries. The VA-ECMO durations varied between four and 11.6 days. Overall, levosimendan use was significantly associated with successful weaning compared with control (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% CI, 1.53-5.46; poverall effect = 0.001); I2 = 49%). For survival, six studies (n = 617) were included in the meta-analysis involving 326 patients in the levosimendan group and 291 in the comparator group. Pooled results showed a significantly higher survival rate in the levosimendan group (OR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.30-0.71; poverall effect = 0.0004; I2 = 20%). CONCLUSIONS Levosimendan therapy was significantly associated with successful weaning and survival benefit in patients with cardiogenic or postcardiotomy shock needing VA-ECMO support for severe cardiocirculatory compromise. To date, there is limited literature and absence of evidence from randomized trials addressing the use of levosimendan in VA-ECMO weaning. This study may be considered a hypothesis-generating research for randomized controlled trials to confirm its findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Kaddoura
- Department of Pharmacy, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amr S Omar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery/Cardiac Anesthesia & ICU, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Abdulaziz Alkhulaifi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery/Cardiac Anesthesia & ICU, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC) Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht (CARIM) Maastricht University, Roterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hagar Elsherbini
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Roterdam, Netherlands
| | - Osama Soliman
- National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kadir Caliskan
- Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Roterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Cosentino N, Niccoli G, Fracassi F, Rebuzzi A, Agostoni P, Marenzi G. Rationale, experimental data, and emerging clinical evidence on early and preventive use of levosimendan in patients with ventricular dysfunction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2020; 6:310-316. [PMID: 31688906 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute ventricular dysfunction (AVD) is a complex condition with substantial morbidity and mortality, still featuring unique therapeutic challenges. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and ATP-dependent potassium channel opener that was developed as an inodilating drug for the treatment of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Differently from other more widely used inotropic agents, levosimendan has some exclusive characteristics, in terms of mechanisms of action, pharmacodynamic profile, and haemodynamic effects. This may have important clinical implications. In particular, in patients with AVD or in patients with pre-existing severe ventricular impairment undergoing planned myocardial stress, the administration of levosimendan before the onset of overt symptoms or before cardiovascular therapeutic procedures may have the potential to bridge the patient through the critical phase. In this review, we will focus on the rationale, the existing experimental data, and the emerging clinical experience supporting an early, even preventive use of levosimendan in severe ventricular dysfunction, beyond its recognized indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rebuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health - Cardiovascular Section, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
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21
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Pan KC, Shankar S, Millar J, Chiletti R, Butt W, d’Udekem Y, Namachivayam SP. Role of levosimendan in weaning children requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 59:262-268. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Levosimendan use is associated with more successful decannulation from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in adults. We sought to determine the role of levosimendan in children who required VA ECMO after cardiac surgery.
METHODS
This observational study compares the outcomes of children who required VA ECMO after cardiac surgery and received levosimendan for weaning with those who did not receive the drug. A doubly robust estimation methodology (inverse probability of treatment weighting with regression adjustment) was used to balance study covariates (age, weight, sex, lactate pre-ECMO, vasoactive-inotropic score pre-ECMO, ECMO indication, ECMO modality, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery-1 category), and the final model was further adjusted for duration of ECMO.
RESULTS
Between January 2012 and December 2018, 118 eligible children received 145 ECMO runs [failed weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, 67/145 (46%); low cardiac output state, 30/145 (21%); extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 47/145 (32%); other reasons in 1]. Levosimendan was administered before decannulation in 54/145 (37%) runs. The median time to start levosimendan after ECMO cannulation was 39 h (interquartile range, 14–83 h). The unadjusted rates of weaning failure in the levosimendan vs control group were 7% (4/54) vs 19% (17/91). In the controlled analysis, levosimendan was associated with decreased risk of weaning failure [adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.20 (0.07–0.57)] and decreased risk of in-hospital mortality [adjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval), 0.45 (0.26–0.76)].
CONCLUSIONS
Levosimendan administration in children requiring VA ECMO after cardiac surgery was associated with decreased risk of weaning failure and decreased in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Pan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sai Shankar
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Johnny Millar
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberto Chiletti
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Warwick Butt
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yves d’Udekem
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cardiac Surgery, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siva P Namachivayam
- Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Guilherme E, Jacquet-Lagrèze M, Pozzi M, Achana F, Armoiry X, Fellahi JL. Can levosimendan reduce ECMO weaning failure in cardiogenic shock?: a cohort study with propensity score analysis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:442. [PMID: 32677985 PMCID: PMC7367381 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has been increasingly used over the last decade in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. ECMO weaning can, however, be challenging and lead to circulatory failure and death. Recent data suggest a potential benefit of levosimendan for ECMO weaning. We sought to further investigate whether the use of levosimendan could decrease the rate of ECMO weaning failure in adult patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Methods We performed an observational single-center cohort study. All patients undergoing VA-ECMO from January 2012 to December 2018 were eligible and divided into two groups: group levosimendan and group control (without levosimendan). The primary endpoint was VA-ECMO weaning failure defined as death during VA-ECMO treatment or within 24 h after VA-ECMO removal. Secondary outcomes were mortality at day 28 and at 6 months. The two groups were compared after propensity score matching. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Two hundred patients were analyzed (levosimendan group: n = 53 and control group: n = 147). No significant difference was found between groups on baseline characteristics except for ECMO duration, which was longer in the levosimendan group (10.6 ± 4.8 vs. 6.5 ± 4.7 days, p < 0.001). Levosimendan administration started 6.6 ± 5.4 days on average following ECMO implantation. After matching of 48 levosimendan patients to 78 control patients, the duration of ECMO was similar in both groups. The rate of weaning failure was 29.1% and 35.4% in levosimendan and control groups, respectively (OR: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.25–1.88). No significant difference was found between groups for all secondary outcomes. Conclusion Levosimendan did not improve the rate of successful VA-ECMO weaning in patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04323709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Guilherme
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Lyon, France
| | - Matthias Jacquet-Lagrèze
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Lyon, France. .,INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, IHU OPeRa, Lyon, France.
| | - Matteo Pozzi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Lyon, France
| | - Felix Achana
- Nuffield Department of Primary care, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Xavier Armoiry
- Lyon School of Pharmacy (ISPB), Public Health department/UMR CNRS 5510 MATEIS, I2B Team, Lyon, France.,Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick university, Coventry, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Fellahi
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Louis Pradel, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1060, Laboratoire CarMeN, IHU OPeRa, Lyon, France
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23
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Karami M, Hemradj VV, Ouweneel DM, den Uil CA, Limpens J, Otterspoor LC, Vlaar AP, Lagrand WK, Henriques JPS. Vasopressors and Inotropes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Related Cardiogenic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2051. [PMID: 32629772 PMCID: PMC7408805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressors and inotropes are routinely used in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) related cardiogenic shock (CS) to improve hemodynamics. We aimed to investigate the effect of routinely used vasopressor and inotropes on mortality in AMI related CS. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL was performed up to 20 February 2019. Randomized and observational studies reporting mortality of AMI related CS patients were included. At least one group should have received the vasopressor/inotrope compared with a control group not exposed to the vasopressor/inotrope. Exclusion criteria were case reports, correspondence and studies including only post-cardiac surgery patients. In total, 19 studies (6 RCTs) were included, comprising 2478 CS patients. The overall quality of evidence was graded low. Treatment with adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin, milrinone, levosimendan, dobutamine or dopamine was not associated with a difference in mortality between therapy and control group. We found a trend toward better outcome with levosimendan, compared with control (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.47-1.00). In conclusion, we found insufficient evidence that routinely used vasopressors and inotropes are associated with reduced mortality in patients with AMI related CS. Considering the limited evidence, this study emphasizes the need for randomized trials with appropriate endpoints and methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Karami
- Heart Center, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.M.O.)
| | | | - Dagmar M. Ouweneel
- Heart Center, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.M.O.)
| | - Corstiaan A. den Uil
- Departments of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jacqueline Limpens
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Alexander P. Vlaar
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.V.); (W.K.L.)
| | - Wim K. Lagrand
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.P.V.); (W.K.L.)
| | - José P. S. Henriques
- Heart Center, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (D.M.O.)
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24
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Sangalli F, Bellani G, Affronti A, Volpi F, Feri M, Marini M, Quacquarelli A, Vitale D, Guarracino F. Levosimendan to facilitate weaning from cardiorespiratory support in critically ill patients: current evidence and future directions. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 86:645-651. [DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Burgos LM, Seoane L, Furmento JF, Costabel JP, Diez M, Vrancic M, Aissaoui N, Benzadón MN, Navia D. Effects of levosimendan on weaning and survival in adult cardiogenic shock patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Perfusion 2020; 35:484-491. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659120918473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used to support patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Many patients can be successfully weaned, the ability of some medications to facilitate weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were reported. To date, there are limited studies investigating the impact of levosimendan on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of levosimendan on successful weaning from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and survival in adult patients with cardiogenic shock. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform published from the year 2000 onwards) investigating whether levosimendan offers advantages compared to standard therapy or placebo, in cardiogenic shock adult patients treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The primary outcome was veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning, whereas secondary outcome was all-cause mortality at the longest follow-up available. We pooled risk ratio and 95% confidence interval using fixed and random effects models according to the heterogeneity. Results: A total of five non-randomized clinical trials comprising 557 patients were included, 299 patients for levosimendan and 258 patients for control groups. The pooled prevalence of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning was 61.4% (95% confidence interval 39.8-82.9%), and all-cause mortality was 36% (95% confidence interval 29.6-48.8%). There was a significant increase in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation successful weaning with levosimendan compared to the controls (risk ratio = 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.12-1.8), p for effect = 0.004, I2 = 71%). A decrease risk of all-cause mortality in the levosimendan group was also observed, risk ratio = 0.62 (95% confidence interval 0.44-0.88), p for effect = 0.007, I2 = 36%. Conclusion: The use of levosimendan on adult patients with cardiogenic shock may facilitate the veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation weaning and reduce all-cause mortality. Few articles of this topic are available, and prospective, randomized multi-center trials are warranted to conclude decisively on the benefits of levosimendan in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrecia María Burgos
- Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Transplant Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Seoane
- Critical Care Cardiology Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Francisco Furmento
- Critical Care Cardiology Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Costabel
- Critical Care Cardiology Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mirta Diez
- Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension and Transplant Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Vrancic
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Aissaoui
- Penn State Heart and Vascular Institute (HVI), Critical Care Unit, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (HMC), The Pennsylvania State University, Paris, France
| | - Mariano Noel Benzadón
- Critical Care Cardiology Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Navia
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (ICBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Guarracino F, Zima E, Pollesello P, Masip J. Short-term treatments for acute cardiac care: inotropes and inodilators. Eur Heart J Suppl 2020; 22:D3-D11. [PMID: 32431568 PMCID: PMC7225903 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute heart failure (AHF) continues to be a substantial cause of illness and death, with in-hospital and 3-month mortality rates of 5% and 10%, respectively, and 6-month re-admission rates in excess of 50% in a range of clinical trials and registry studies; the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Heart Failure Long-Term Registry recorded a 1-year death or rehospitalization rate of 36%. As regards the short-term treatment of AHF patients, evidence was collected in the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry that intravenous (i.v.) treatments are administered heterogeneously in the critical phase, with limited reference to guideline recommendations. Moreover, recent decades have been characterized by a prolonged lack of successful innovation in this field, with a plethora of clinical trials generating neutral or inconclusive findings on long-term mortality effects from a multiplicity of short-term interventions in AHF. One of the few exceptions has been the calcium sensitizer and inodilator levosimendan, introduced 20 years ago for the treatment of acutely decompensated chronic heart failure. In the present review, we will focus on the utility of this agent in the wider context of i.v. inotropic and inodilating therapies for AHF and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Guarracino
- Dipartimento di Anestesia e Terapie Intensive, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Endre Zima
- Cardiac Intensive Care, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Critical Care Proprietary Products, CO, Orion Pharma, PO Box 65, FIN-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Josep Masip
- Intensive Care Department, Consorci Sanitari Integral, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Tritapepe L. Does levosimendan improve weaning outcome? It does much more. Minerva Anestesiol 2020; 86:589-591. [PMID: 32154688 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.20.14462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tritapepe
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy -
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28
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Cholley B, Levy B, Fellahi JL, Longrois D, Amour J, Ouattara A, Mebazaa A. Levosimendan in the light of the results of the recent randomized controlled trials: an expert opinion paper. Crit Care 2019; 23:385. [PMID: 31783891 PMCID: PMC6883606 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite interesting and unique pharmacological properties, levosimendan has not proven a clear superiority to placebo in the patient populations that have been enrolled in the various recent multicenter randomized controlled trials. However, the pharmacodynamic effects of levosimendan are still considered potentially very useful in a number of specific situations.Patients with decompensated heart failure requiring inotropic support and receiving beta-blockers represent the most widely accepted indication. Repeated infusions of levosimendan are increasingly used to facilitate weaning from dobutamine and avoid prolonged hospitalizations in patients with end-stage heart failure, awaiting heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation. New trials are under way to confirm or refute the potential usefulness of levosimendan to facilitate weaning from veno-arterial ECMO, to treat cardiogenic shock due to left or right ventricular failure because the current evidence is mostly retrospective and requires confirmation with better-designed studies. Takotsubo syndrome may represent an ideal target for this non-adrenergic inotrope, but this statement also relies on expert opinion. There is no benefit from levosimendan in patients with septic shock. The two large trials evaluating the prophylactic administration of levosimendan (pharmacological preconditioning) in cardiac surgical patients with poor left ventricular ejection fraction could not show a significant reduction in their composite endpoints reflecting low cardiac output syndrome with respect to placebo. However, the subgroup of those who underwent isolated CABG appeared to have a reduction in mortality. A new study will be required to confirm this exploratory finding.Levosimendan remains a potentially useful inodilator agent in a number of specific situations due to its unique pharmacological properties. More studies are needed to provide a higher level of proof regarding these indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Cholley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes - Université de Paris, Paris, France.
- INSERM UMR_S1140, Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Levy
- CHRU Nancy, Réanimation Médicale Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Luc Fellahi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Cardiologique Louis Pradel, Lyon, France
- INSERM U1060, University Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Dan Longrois
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julien Amour
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital de La Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- University Pierre & Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Ouattara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Magellan Medico-Surgical Center, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, UMR 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Department of Anesthesia, Burn and Critical Care, Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint Louis Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France
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29
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Multiorgan Drug Action of Levosimendan in Critical Illnesses. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9731467. [PMID: 31641670 PMCID: PMC6770297 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9731467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cardiotonic drugs mainly include digitalis, catecholamines, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and calcium sensitizers, which have been successively discovered and applied in clinical practice. However, there are only a few new drugs available in this field, and the selection is very limited. Digitalis, catecholamines, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors increase myocardial contractility by increasing intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca2+, and this increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration enhances myocardial oxygen consumption and causes arrhythmia. For these reasons, the research focus on positive inotropic agents has shifted from calcium mobilization to calcium sensitization. Intracellular calcium sensitizers are more effective and safer drugs because they do not increase the intracellular concentration of calcium ions. However, only three calcium sensitizers have been fully developed and used in the past three decades. One of these drugs, levosimendan, has multiple molecular targets and exerts its pharmacological effects by not only increasing myocardial contractility, but also enhancing respiratory muscle function and liver and kidney protection, and it is useful for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Recently, more than 60 randomized controlled clinical trials of levosimendan have been reported; however, these clinical trials have occasionally shown different findings. This article reviews the research progress of levosimendan in critical illnesses in recent years.
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30
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Zotzmann V, Rilinger J, Lang CN, Kaier K, Benk C, Duerschmied D, Biever PM, Bode C, Wengenmayer T, Staudacher DL. Epinephrine, inodilator, or no inotrope in venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implantation: a single-center experience. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2019; 23:320. [PMID: 31533785 PMCID: PMC6751670 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) can be a rescue therapy for patients in cardiogenic shock or in refractory cardiac arrest. After cannulation, vasoplegia and cardiac depression are frequent. In literature, there are conflicting data on inotropic therapy in these patients. Methods Analysis of a retrospective registry of all patients treated with VA-ECMO in a university hospital center between October 2010 and December 2018 for cardiogenic shock or extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) with a focus on individual early inotropic therapy. Results A total of 231 patients (age 58.6 ± 14.3, 29.9% female, 58% eCPR, in-house survival 43.7%) were analyzed. Of these, 41.6% received no inotrope therapy within the first 24 h (survival 47.9%), 29.0% received an inodilator (survival 52.2%), and 29.0% received epinephrine (survival 25.0%). Survival of patients with epinephrine was significantly worse compared to other patient groups when evaluating 30-day survival (p = 0.034/p = 0.005) and cumulative incidence of in-hospital death (p = 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, treatment with epinephrine was associated with mortality in the whole cohort (OR 0.38, p = 0.011) as well as after propensity score matching (OR 0.24, p = 0.037). We found no significant differences between patients with inodilator treatment and those without. Conclusion Early epinephrine therapy within the first 24 h after cannulation for VA-ECMO was associated with poor survival compared to patients with or without any inodilator therapy. Until randomized data are available, epinephrine should be avoided in patients on VA-ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Zotzmann
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Rilinger
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinna N Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaier
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Benk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul M Biever
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wengenmayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dawid L Staudacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center Freiburg University, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine III (Interdisciplinary Medical Intensive Care) Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abou-Arab O, Ly A, Amrouche I, Andrei S, Mongardon N. Short-term and long-term prognosis after cardiac surgery: Do anaesthetics protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury? Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2019; 38:315-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Contribution of Levosimendan in Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Pilot Study. Crit Care Res Pract 2019; 2019:7169492. [PMID: 31428473 PMCID: PMC6681623 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7169492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Mechanically ventilated patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction are at risk of weaning failure. We hypothesized that optimization of cardiovascular function might facilitate the weaning process. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of levosimendan in difficult-to-wean patients with impaired LV performance. Materials and Methods Nineteen mechanically ventilated patients, with LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 34 ± 8%, difficult-to-wean from the ventilator, were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography before the start and at the end of a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) (first SBT). Eight patients successfully weaned. The remaining 11 failed-to-wean patients received a 24-hour infusion of levosimendan, and they were reassessed during a second SBT. Results After levosimendan administration, LVEF increased from 30 ± 10 to 36 ± 3% (p=0.01). End-SBT peak e′ velocity increased from 7 to 9 cm/s (p=0.02). E/e′ increased from 10.5 to 12.9 during the first SBT, whereas it remained constant at 10 throughout the second SBT (p=0.01). During the second SBT, partial pressure of arterial oxygen and central venous oxygen saturation improved, compared to the first one (93 ± 34 vs. 67 ± 28 mmHg, p=0.03, and 66 ± 11% vs. 57 ± 9%, p=0.02, respectively). Nine of the 11 patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator. Conclusions In difficult-to-wean from mechanical ventilation patients with LV dysfunction, levosimendan might contribute to successful weaning by improving both systolic and diastolic LV function.
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33
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Pashkovetsky E, Gupta CA, Aronow WS. Use of levosimendan in acute and advanced heart failure: short review on available real-world data. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:765-772. [PMID: 31354283 PMCID: PMC6588712 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s188761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data have shown potential advantages of levosimendan in the management of acute decompensated heart failure and advanced heart failure when standard medical therapies threaten hemodynamics and organ perfusion are unable to alleviate clinical symptoms. Levosimendan distinguishes itself from other catecholaminergic inotropes by its three mechanisms of action: positive inotropy, vasodilation, and cardioprotection. In addition, its pharmacokinetics allow for a longer duration of action from the metabolite OR1896 allowing for further cardiovascular therapeutic effects for several days, even after discontinuation of the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Pashkovetsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Chhaya Aggarwal Gupta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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