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Diallo I, Aldridge LR, Bass J, Adams LB, Spira AP. Factors Associated With Suicide in Four West African Countries Among Adolescent Students: An Analysis Using the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:494-502. [PMID: 37330706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally, suicide is a leading cause of death among adolescents, with the highest burden of suicide occurring in Africa. Despite this, little is known about the epidemiology of suicide among adolescents in West Africa. In this study, we explore suicidality among West African adolescents. METHODS Using pooled data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey in four West African countries (Ghana, Benin, Liberia, and Sierra Leone), we investigated the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and examined associations with 15 covariates using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 18.6% of adolescents in the pooled sample (N = 9,726) had considered suicide, while 24.7% reported attempting suicide. Significant correlates of suicide attempt included older age (16+ years; odds ratio [OR]: 1.70, confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-2.63), difficulty sleeping due to worry (OR: 1.27, CI: 1.04-1.56), loneliness (OR: 1.65, CI: 1.39-1.96), truancy (OR: 1.38. CI: 1.05-1.82), being a target of bullying (OR: 1.53, CI: 1.26-1.85), getting physically attacked (OR: 1.73, CI: 1.42-2.11), physical fighting (OR: 1.47, CI: 1.21-1.79), current cigarette use (OR: 2.71, CI: 1.88-3.89), and initiation of drug use (OR: 2.19, CI: 1.71-2.81). Conversely, having close friends was associated with lower odds of suicide attempt (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.48-0.93). Several covariates were also significantly associated with suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION Suicidal ideation and attempts are highly prevalent among school-going adolescents in these West African countries. Multiple modifiable risk and protective factors were identified. Programs, interventions, and policies aimed at addressing these factors may play a significant role in preventing suicides in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idiatou Diallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Luke R Aldridge
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judith Bass
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Leslie B Adams
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam P Spira
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Al Khatri M, Al Huseini S, Almaqbali M, Cucchi A, Al Saadi AK, Al Farsi A, Jose S, Al-Sibani N, Al-Adawi S. Sociodemographic Characteristics and Clinical Profile of Suicide Attempters Attending the Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Oman: A Retrospective Study. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:390-402. [PMID: 37578418 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who attended the emergency department of a tertiary care center in Muscat, Oman following a suicide attempt. METHODS A retrospective study (N=154) was conducted between January 2015 and June 2018. Information that was collected included sociodemographic variables (age, nationality, sex, marital status, and occupation), risk (medical comorbidities, psychiatric history, substance misuse, alcohol misuse, and previous history of suicide attempts), and precipitating factors, as well as the chosen methods for the suicide attempts. RESULTS In all, 83.1% of the sample were Omanis, and women constituted 69.5%. The mean age of the sample was 27 years; 30% were students, 42% were unemployed, and 40.9% had a history of psychiatric disorders. Family conflict, suffering from chronic illness, and having social problems were the most common precipitating factors for the suicide attempt. The most common method used in the suicide attempt was drug overdose (48.1%), mainly involving paracetamol (acetaminophen) (40%). Significant gender differences emerged in precipitating factors, history of substance misuse, and methods of suicide. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study are consistent with international trends that suggest that women and younger age groups are the most vulnerable to suicide attempts. Although in its infancy, the type of research presented here could lay the groundwork for preventive interventions and programs.
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Aboagye RG, Ahinkorah BO, Seidu AA, Okyere J, Frimpong JB, Kumar M. In-school adolescents’ loneliness, social support, and suicidal ideation in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Global School Health data to advance mental health focus in the region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275660. [PMID: 36350793 PMCID: PMC9645589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent and youth mental health problems are increasingly becoming an area of concern in global health. Young people in sub-Saharan Africa experience significant adversities and systemic challenges despite technological advancements and demographic transition that the region is experiencing. We examined the nexus between experiences of loneliness, low social support, and presence of suicidal ideation among in-school adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Method A total of 19,119 in-school adolescents from eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa were included in this study. Suicidal ideation was the main outcome variable and loneliness, and social support were the explanatory variables. Percentages were used to summarise the prevalence of suicidal ideation, loneliness, and social support among the in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was later used to determine the association between suicidal ideation and the explanatory variables and covariates using Stata v16. Four models were tested using the regression analysis. We presented the regression results using adjusted odds ratios (aOR), with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, the past year prevalence of loneliness, peer support, one or more close friends, and suicidal ideation were 10%, 33.4%, 90.1%, and 14.5%, respectively. In-school adolescents who felt lonely (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.69, 2.09) were more likely to experience suicidal ideation. However, those who received peer support (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.82, 0.97) and had one or more close friends (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68, 0.86) were less likely to experience suicidal ideation. Conclusion These results point to the significant roles of loneliness, and lack of social support, in understanding suicidal ideations. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa need to improve child and adolescent mental health policies and programmes to respond to these risk factors and mental health challenges. Programmes with a differential focus on the needs of males and females, younger and older adolescents will be important in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gyan Aboagye
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Estate Management, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Australia
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - James Boadu Frimpong
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manasi Kumar
- Brain and Mind Institute, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
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Zhang MZ, Tang R, Rao WM, Wang MH, Liu MW, Yu HJ, He QQ. Body mass index and the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among youth in 45 low-and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:357-363. [PMID: 34774645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide has become a severe public health issue worldwide. Body weight has been put forward as a potentially modifiable element for suicide thought and behavior. However, there are discrepancies across previous studies. Furthermore, the relationships of body weight with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain unclear. Therefore, we addressed this issue among 104,907 adolescents of 12-15 years old in 45 LMICs. METHODS The present study used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Suicidal ideation and suicide attempt during the last year were self-reported. Participants were classified intro underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity according to their body mass index classification. Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analyses based on country-wise estimates were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were 11.8% and 13.0%, respectively. Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that overweight and obesity were significantly associated with increased risks of suicidal ideation (For overweight: OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.01-1.20; for obesity: OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.01-1.35) and suicide attempt (For overweight: OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.02-1.23; for obesity: OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.00-1.25). Subgroup analyses showed that the associations between overweight/obesity and suicide attempt were significant for girls but not for boys. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design cannot explore causality; mental health factors were not assessed; suicidal behaviors were self-reported; significant heterogeneity across countries; only students attending school were included. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with the risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among adolescents in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Zhe Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Wei-Ming Rao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Hong-Jie Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China
| | - Qi-Qiang He
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Donghu Rd, No. 185, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, PR China; Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Wakida EK, Atuhaire CD, Karungi CK, Maling S, Obua C. Mbarara University Research Training Initiative: Experiences and Accomplishments of the MEPI Junior D43 TW010128 Award in Uganda. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2021; 12:1397-1410. [PMID: 34887692 PMCID: PMC8650769 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s339752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2015, Mbarara University of Science and Technology was awarded the Mbarara University Research Training Initiative (MURTI) under grant number D43 TW010128 to build capacity of junior faculty to become the next generation of researchers in Africa. In this paper, we document the experiences and achievements of the research capacity building efforts at MUST. METHODS We conducted a descriptive evaluation study which involved document review and in-depth interviews. We used "Reach" and 'Effectiveness' from the RE-AIM framework to guide the document review, and the organizational theory of implementation effectiveness to guide the in-depth interviews. RESULTS In the MURTI program, we conducted 17 short courses between August 2015 and July 2021, a total of 6597 attendances were recorded. The most attended courses were responsible conduct of research (n = 826), qualitative research methods (n = 744), and data management (n = 613). Thirty-three fellows were recruited and funded to conduct mentored research leading to 48 publications and 14 extramural grant applications were yielded. From the in-depth interviews, the participants appreciated the research training program, the enhanced research skills attained, and the institutional capacity built. They attributed the success of the program to the training approach of using short courses, readiness of the junior faculty to change, and the supportive environment by the mentors and trainers in the program. CONCLUSION The D43 TW010128 research training grant-built capacity for the junior faculty at MUST, enhanced their research skills, promoted research capacity institutionally and provided career development for the junior faculty. This was possible due to the positive attitude of the junior faculty (organizational readiness) to change and the supportive environment (mentors and trainers) during implementation of the grant. These two factors provided a favorable institutional climate that guaranteed success of the funding goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith K Wakida
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Clara D Atuhaire
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Christine K Karungi
- Office of Research Administration, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Samuel Maling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Celestino Obua
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Arafat SMY, Khan MM, Menon V, Ali SA, Rezaeian M, Shoib S. Psychological autopsy study and risk factors for suicide in Muslim countries. Health Sci Rep 2021; 4:e414. [PMID: 34622034 PMCID: PMC8485607 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide and risk factors have been poorly studied in the Muslim-majority countries that hinder the formulation of prevention strategies and affect suicide prevention eventually. OBJECTIVES We aimed at identifying and analyzing the psychological autopsy studies assessing the risk factors for suicide conducted in Muslim-majority countries. METHODS We did a search to trace all the available psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries with the search term "psychological autopsy study in Muslim countries." We also checked the available bibliographies to identify the psychological autopsy studies in the Muslim countries so that all the possible studies could be included. RESULTS Out of the Muslim countries, only eight psychological autopsy studies were identified in five countries (Bangladesh [1], Indonesia [1], Iran [1], Pakistan [2], and Turkey [3]). Six studies adopted a case-control study design, and all were carried out in urban settings. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among case-control studies varied from 52.8% in Turkey to 96% in Pakistan. Psychiatric illness, self-harm, and stressful life events were the commonly replicated risk factors for suicide across studies. CONCLUSIONS Psychological autopsy studies have been conducted only in five Muslim countries revealing that the risk factor for suicide is certainly under-researched in the incumbent countries. This review identified a similar list of risk factors for suicide, namely, psychiatric disorder, past non-fatal attempts, and adverse life events compared to the Western countries even though the rate varies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Yasir Arafat
- Department of PsychiatryEnam Medical College and HospitalDhakaBangladesh
| | - Murad M. Khan
- Department of PsychiatryAga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan
| | - Vikas Menon
- Department of PsychiatryJawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)PuducherryIndia
| | | | - Mohsen Rezaeian
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics DepartmentRafsanjan Medical School, Occupational Environmental Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical SciencesRafsanjanIran
| | - Sheikh Shoib
- Department of PsychiatryJawahar Lal Nehru Memorial Hospital (JLNMH)SrinagarIndia
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Crispim MDO, Santos CMRD, Frazão IDS, Frazão CMFDQ, Albuquerque RCRD, Perrelli JGA. Prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2021; 29:e3495. [PMID: 34755776 PMCID: PMC8584877 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.5320.3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the prevalence of suicidal behavior in young university students. METHOD a systematic review with meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies based on the Joanna Briggs Institute proposal, and carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and LILACS databases and in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, with no language or year restrictions. A total of 2,942 publications were identified. Selection, data extraction and methodological evaluation of the studies were performed by two independent researchers. The meta-analysis was performed considering the random effects model. RESULTS eleven articles were included in this review. The prevalence variation for suicidal ideation was from 9.7% to 58.3% and, for attempted suicide, it was from 0.7% to 14.7%. The meta-analysis showed a 27.1% prevalence for suicidal ideation in life, 14.1% for ideation in the last year, and 3.1% for attempted suicide in life. CONCLUSION the high prevalence of suicidal behavior, even with the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, raises the need to implement interventions aimed at preventing suicide and promoting mental health, especially in the academic environment.
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Peng R, Li D, Mei SQ, Li Y. The Association Among Serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Level and Suicidal Ideation is Dependent on Testosterone Deficiency in Depressive Patients. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2723-2730. [PMID: 34194235 PMCID: PMC8238534 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s313200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 and reduced levels of testosterone have been linked to depressive disorder, but whether they are also linked to suicidal ideation in patients with depression is unclear. Methods This retrospective study involved 301 patients ≥22 years old hospitalized for depression between July 2018 and November 2020 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, of whom 120 had suicidal ideation. Serum levels of GDF-15 and testosterone were compared between patients with or without suicidal ideation. Results GDF-15 levels were significantly higher among patients with suicidal ideation than among those without, regardless of whether testosterone levels were above or below the median of 314 ng/dL. In multivariate logistic regression involving all patients, serum GDF-15 level was associated with low testosterone level (P=0.001). Among patients with testosterone <314 ng/dL, an increase of 1 standard deviation in serum GDF-15 level translated to a 1.3-fold increase in the risk of suicidal ideation (P=0.007). This relationship was not observed in all population or patients with testosterone levels ≥314 ng/dL. Conclusion High serum GDF-15 level may be associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation in patients with depression, and this association appears to be partly mediated by low testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qing Mei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
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Li L, You D, Ruan T, Xu S, Mi D, Cai T, Han L. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors and their mental risk factors among young adolescents in 46 low- and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:847-855. [PMID: 33248811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe the prevalence of suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempt) and their associated factors in young adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS We used the latest data from the Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) for adolescents aged 12-15 years during 2009-2015. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of suicidal behaviors were calculated using a random-effects model. The factors associated with suicidal behaviors were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Data from 130,488 adolescents (48.13% boys) in 46 LMICs were included in the study. Across all countries, the pooled 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempt were 14.5%, 14.6%, and 12.7%, respectively. The highest prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempt were all in Africa (16.7%, 19.3% and 17.0%), and the lowest prevalence were all in South-East Asia (8.2%, 10.5% and 7.4%). The overall prevalence of three suicidal behaviors were higher in girls (all P < 0.001). Suicidal ideation and planning were more common in the 14-15 age group than 12-13 age group (both P < 0.001). The factors associated with suicidal behaviors were being female, older age, loneliness, anxiety, a lack of close friends, and having family supportive (all P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The GSHS data were obtained from a self-report questionnaire and the participants included in the GSHS were adolescents in school. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicidal behaviors remains high among young adolescents in LMICs, especially in Africa. These countries should be intervention priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Dingyun You
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR China
| | - Tiecheng Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Duo Mi
- Ningbo University Mental Health Guidance Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Ting Cai
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Liyuan Han
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China; Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Necho M, Tsehay M, Zenebe Y. Suicidal ideation, attempt, and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2021; 15:13. [PMID: 33485362 PMCID: PMC7825170 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-021-00437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt are warning signs for and determine the prognosis of completed suicide. These suicidal behaviors are much more pronounced in people living with HIV/AIDS. Despite this, there is a scarcity of aggregate evidence in Africa. This study was therefore aimed to fill this gap. METHODS we extensively searched Psych-info, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to obtain eligible studies. Further screening for a reference list of articles was also done. Meta XL package was used to extract data and the Stata-11 was also employed. Cochran's Q- and the Higgs I2 test were engaged to check heterogeneity. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were implemented. Egger's test and funnel plots were used in detecting publication bias. RESULTS The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was 21.7% (95% CI 16.80, 26.63). The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation in Ethiopia, Nigeria, Uganda, and South Africa was 22.7%, 25.3%, 9.8%, and 18.05% respectively. The pooled prevalence of suicidal ideation was larger; 27.7% in studies that used Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) than Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); 16.96%. Moreover, the prevalence of suicidal ideation in studies with a sample size of < 400 was 23.42% whereas it was 18.3% in studies with a sample size ≥ of 400 participants. The pooled prevalence of suicidal attempts in this study was 11.06% (95% CI 6.21, 15.92). A suicidal attempt was higher in Ethiopia (16.97%) and Nigeria (16.20%) than Uganda (3.51%). This pooled prevalence of suicidal attempt was higher among studies that used a smaller sample (< 400 participants) (15.5%) than studies that used a larger sample size (≥ 400 participants) (8.4%). The pooled prevalence of suicidal attempt was 3.75%, and 16.97% in studies that used MINI and CIDI respectively. Our narrative synthesis revealed that advanced stages of AIDS, co-morbid depression, perceived HIV stigma, and poor social support was among the factors strongly associated with suicidal ideation and attempt. CONCLUSION The pooled magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was high and factors like advanced stages of AIDS, co-morbid depression, perceived stigma, and poor social support were related to it. Clinicians should be geared towards this mental health problem of HIV patients during management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Mekonnen Tsehay
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Zenebe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Carrasco-Barrios MT, Huertas P, Martín P, Martín C, Castillejos MC, Petkari E, Moreno-Küstner B. Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4115. [PMID: 32526975 PMCID: PMC7312422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Close to one million people commit suicide each year, with suicidal attempts being the main risk factor for suicide. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to achieve a greater understanding of suicidality in the general population of Europe by studying associated factors and their statistical significance with suicidality, as well as the effect of the temporal moment in which suicidality is observed in a relationship. A search strategy was carried out in electronic databases: Proquest's Psychology Database, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs), publication bias, influential studies on heterogeneity and analysis moderators were calculated. Twenty-six studies were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. Factors statistically associated with suicidality are female gender, age over 65 years, unemployment, low social support, adulthood adversity, childhood adversity, family history of mental disorder, any affective disorder, major depression, anxiety/stress/somatoform disorders, tobacco and substance use, any mental disorder and body mass index. As a limitation, a high heterogeneity between studies was found. Factors associated with suicidality in the general population are relevant for understanding the suicidal phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Carrasco-Barrios
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Paloma Huertas
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Paloma Martín
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Carlos Martín
- Primary Care Center of Marquesado, Área Nordeste de Granada, 18512 Granada, Spain;
| | - Mª Carmen Castillejos
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Eleni Petkari
- Social and Behavioural Sciences, European University Cyprus 6th Diogenous st., Nicosia 2063, Cyprus;
| | - Berta Moreno-Küstner
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.T.C.-B.); (P.M.); (M.C.C.); (B.M.-K.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Guedria-Tekari A, Missaoui S, Kalai W, Gaddour N, Gaha L. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Tunisian adolescents: prevalence and associated factors. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:105. [PMID: 31998428 PMCID: PMC6961937 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.105.19920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies directed on suicidal behavior in North African adolescents are rare. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among high school students in Tunisia and to determine factors associated with this suicidal behavior. Methods This is an analytical cross-sectional study composed of a population containing 821 high school students obtained through cluster sampling. The participants completed a pre-established form related to socio-demographic characteristics and anxiety symptoms, the Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, the Beck depression scale, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 17.7±0.97 years. Prevalence of suicidal behavior was 26.9% for brief passing suicidal thoughts, 9.6% for serious suicidal thoughts, and 7.3% for suicide attempts. Six determining factors of suicidal behavior were found: female gender (OR=2.56 (1.32-4.95); p= 0.005), personal history of depression (OR=2.29 (1.38-3.80); p=0.001), tobacco smoking (OR=3.59 (1.61-8.01); p=0.002), current depression symptoms (OR=5.50 (2.14-14.11); p<0.001), history of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (OR= 3.16 (2.05-4.86); p<0.001), and low self-esteem (OR=2.74 (1.71-4.38); p<0.001). Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempts are frequent among Tunisian adolescents and represent a serious public health problem. An urgent national prevention program is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Guedria-Tekari
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Missaoui
- Service de Pédopsychiatrie, CISSS de Lanaudière, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Naoufel Gaddour
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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