Jeremiah OJ, Cousins G, Boland F, Kirby BP, Ryan BK. Evaluation of the effect of insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle- and dietary-related adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Heliyon 2020;
6:e04845. [PMID:
32995594 PMCID:
PMC7502352 DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04845]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Depression is associated with insulin resistance (IR). However, the potential beneficial effect, on antidepressant treatment response, of adjunctive therapy with insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle and dietary interventions (exercise; supplementation with: vitamin D, magnesium, zinc, probiotics or omega-3 fatty acids) has not been systematically explored.
Aims
To determine the effect of the above stated adjuncts on antidepressant treatment response in clinically depressed patients via a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
RCTs which assessed the effect, on antidepressant treatment response of adjunctive therapy with any of the interventions in comparison with treatment as usual were included.
Results
The interventions had a significant antidepressant effect, with SMD for follow-up (end of study) scores and change (from baseline) scores being -0.88, [95% CI: -1.19 to -0.57; P < 0.001] and -1.98 [95% CI -2.86 to -1.10; P < 0.001], respectively. The odds ratio (OR) for remission was 2.28 (95% CI 1.42 to 3.66; P < 0.001). The number-needed-to-treat (NNT) for remission was 6. Subgroup analysis of the follow-up scores revealed age effect: SMD significant in those with mean age ≤50 (-1.02 SMD; 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.64; p < 0.001) and insignificant in those with mean age >50 (-0.38 SMD (95% CI: -0.82 to 0.05; P = 0.08)). Also, the interventions were more beneficial among outpatients- SMD: -0.97 (95% CI: -1.32 to -0.62; P < 0.001) compared to inpatients- SMD: -0.34 (95% CI: -0.88 to 0.20; P = 0.22). Sensitivity analysis did not change the results.
Conclusion
The finding that antidepressant treatment response may be improved using insulin sensitivity-enhancing lifestyle and dietary adjuncts is worthy of further exploration.
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