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Li X, Zhu Y, Shi X. Interpersonal sensitivity as a mediator linking interpersonal stressors and social anxiety: Longitudinal mediation analysis using parallel process latent growth curve modeling. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:172-178. [PMID: 38296055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the mechanism between interpersonal stressors and social anxiety in college students. This study was to investigate the mediating effect of interpersonal sensitivity between interpersonal stressors and social anxiety. METHODS The data was taken from a large-scale health-related cohort among Chinese college students. This study used data from the first four waves, including 4191 participants. The latent growth curve mediation model was used to examine the potential mediating role of interpersonal sensitivity in the relationship between interpersonal stressors and social anxiety over time. RESULTS Both levels and changes in interpersonal stressors were positively associated with subsequent levels and changes in social anxiety. Mediation analysis showed that interpersonal sensitivity mediated the relationship between interpersonal stressors and social anxiety. LIMITATION All variables were collected based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS Interpersonal stressor is a significant risk factor for social anxiety, and this association appears to be mediated by interpersonal sensitivity. It is necessary to evaluate and intervene against interpersonal sensitivity related to interpersonal stressors for the prevention of social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Li
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Lin H, Yang Z, Huo S, Su C, Zhang Z, Rao Y, Yin H. Factors affecting social phobia among Chinese college students in the context of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20900. [PMID: 38017075 PMCID: PMC10684864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48225-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Social phobia (SP) refers to excessive anxiety about social interactions. College students, with their exposure to academic, familial, and job-related pressures, are an ideal population for early screening and intervention of social phobia. Additionally, COVID-19 prevention measures including keeping social distance may further impact social phobia. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors of social phobia among Chinese college students and to tentatively explore the impact of COVID-19 prevention measures on social phobia. Respondents were recruited through Chinese Internet social platforms for an online survey. College students' social phobia scores in pre- and early-COVID-19 periods were measured using Peters' short form of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale (SIAS-6/SPS-6). Demographic information, family information, social relations, self-evaluation, and subjective feelings regarding the impact of COVID-19 preventive measures on social phobia were collected. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. A total of 1859 valid questionnaires were collected, revealing that the social phobia scores increased from 12.3 ± 11.9 to 13.4 ± 11.9 between pre- and early-COVID-19 periods, with an increase of 1.0 ± 6.4 (p < 0.001). Low GPA rank, mobile phone dependence, distant family relationships, indulgent parents, childhood adversity, and childhood bullying were risk factors for social phobia among Chinese college students. Female gender, being a senior university student or postgraduate, satisfaction with physical appearance, self-reported good mental health and high level of interpersonal trust were protective factors for social phobia. Although most respondents believed that COVID-19 prevention measures (e.g., mask wearing and social distancing rules) reduced their social phobia, these measures were not significantly associated with social phobia levels in the multivariable analyses. In conclusion, Chinese college students' social phobia was widely influenced by diverse factors and warrants increased attention, with early intervention aimed at high-risk individuals being crucial for their mental health. Additional research is necessary to understand the impact of COVID-19 preventive measures on social phobia among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ziming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Caixia Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongsong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yingting Rao
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hui Yin
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute of Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Morales-Rodríguez FM, Martínez-Ramón JP, Narváez Peláez MA, Corvasce C. Understanding School Anxiety in Italian Adolescence through an Artificial Neural Network: Influence of Social Skills and Coping Strategies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1688. [PMID: 37892351 PMCID: PMC10605030 DOI: 10.3390/children10101688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
School anxiety depends on multiple factors that occur directly or indirectly in the teaching-learning process, such as going to the blackboard in class or reporting low grades at home. Other factors that influence school climate are social skills and coping strategies. That said, the aim of this research was to analyze the sources of school anxiety, coping strategies, and social skills in Italian secondary school students through an artificial neural network. For this purpose, a quantitative and ex post facto design was used in which the Inventory of School Anxiety (IAES), the Coping Scale for Children (EAN), and the Questionnaire for the Evaluation of Social Skills student version (EHS-A) were administered. The results showed that cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance coping strategies, together with the lack of social skills in students, are the variables that contributed the most to school anxiety scores in the artificial neural network. The conclusions revolve around the need to develop primary prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Manuel Morales-Rodríguez
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Campus of La Cartuja, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez-Ramón
- Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Campus Regional Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Alejandro Narváez Peláez
- Department of Human Physiology and Physical and Sports Activity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
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