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Smiddy MP, Burton E, Kingston L, Poovelikunnel TT, Moyo M, Flores A. Identifying research priorities for infection prevention and control. A mixed methods study with a convergent design. J Infect Prev 2024; 25:59-65. [PMID: 38584713 PMCID: PMC10998549 DOI: 10.1177/17571774241230676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Meaningful research creates evidence for Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practice. Aim To establish Infection Prevention Society (IPS) members' research priorities to support future research projects. Methods A mixed methods convergent parallel design incorporating a cross-sectional survey of IPS members (2022-2023), and focus group findings from the IPS Consultative Committee, (October 2022). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, entered into NVivo 12, and analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings/Results 132 IPS members responded to the survey, including 120 (90.9%) nurses. The three most prevalent priorities were: Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (n = 84, 16.1%); IPC Training and Education (n = 77, 14.8%); and IPC Evidence-based Guidelines (n = 76, 14.6%). Analysis of the focus group transcripts identified six emergent themes 'Patient Centred Care', 'Training and Education', 'IPC Role and Identity', 'IPC Leadership', 'IPC is Everyone's Responsibility', and 'Research Activity'. Triangulation of findings demonstrated concordance between quantitative and qualitative findings with Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (QIPS) and Training and Education identified as priority research areas. Discussion This study highlights the necessity of developing support systems and incorporating research priorities in QIPS, as well as Training and Education. The findings of this study align with the recommended core competencies and components for effective infection prevention and control programs, making them relevant to QIPS initiatives. The outcomes of the study will serve as a valuable resource to guide the IPS Research and Development Committee in delivering practical support to IPS members.
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Affiliation(s)
- MP Smiddy
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Burton
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Pharmacy Department, Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Kingston
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - T Thomas Poovelikunnel
- Office of the National Director Health Protection, HSE - Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, RCSI, Dublin
| | - M Moyo
- Department of Social Sciences and Nursing, Solent University, Southampton, UK
| | - A Flores
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Kings College Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
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Aruhomukama D, Magiidu WT, Katende G, Ebwongu RI, Bulafu D, Kasolo R, Nakabuye H, Musoke D, Asiimwe B. Evaluation of three protocols for direct susceptibility testing for gram negative-Enterobacteriaceae from patient samples in Uganda with SMS reporting. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2730. [PMID: 38302620 PMCID: PMC10834995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In Uganda, the challenge of generating and timely reporting essential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) data has led to overreliance on empirical antibiotic therapy, exacerbating the AMR crisis. To address this issue, this study aimed to adapt a one-step AMR testing protocol alongside an SMS (Short Message Service) result relay system (SRRS), with the potential to reduce the turnaround time for AMR testing and result communication from 4 days or more to 1 day in Ugandan clinical microbiology laboratories. Out of the 377 samples examined, 54 isolates were obtained. Notably, E. coli (61%) and K. pneumoniae (33%) were the most frequently identified, majority testing positive for ESBL. Evaluation of three AMR testing protocols revealed varying sensitivity and specificity, with Protocol A (ChromID ESBL-based) demonstrating high sensitivity (100%) but no calculable specificity, Protocol B (ceftazidime-based) showing high sensitivity (100%) and relatively low specificity (7.1%), and Protocol C (cefotaxime-based) exhibiting high sensitivity (97.8%) but no calculable specificity. ESBL positivity strongly correlated with resistance to specific antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ampicillin, and aztreonam (100%), cefuroxime (96%), ceftriaxone (93%), and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (87%). The potential of integrating an SRRS underscored the crucial role this could have in enabling efficient healthcare communication in AMR management. This study underscores the substantial potential of the tested protocols for accurately detecting ESBL production in clinical samples, potentially, providing a critical foundation for predicting and reporting AMR patterns. Although considerations related to specificity warrant careful assessment before widespread clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson Aruhomukama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Walusimbi Talemwa Magiidu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Katende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Innocent Ebwongu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Douglas Bulafu
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rajab Kasolo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hellen Nakabuye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Musoke
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benon Asiimwe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Yilma M, Taye G, Tefera M, Tassew B, Fentie AM, Abebe W. Infection prevention and control practices in the Pediatrics and Child Health Department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1329410. [PMID: 38314092 PMCID: PMC10834730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1329410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a set of practices that are designed to minimize the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) spreading among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. Implementation of IPC is essential for reducing infection incidences, preventing antibiotic use, and minimizing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of the study was to assess IPC practices and associated factors in Pediatrics and Child Health at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods In this study, we used a cross-sectional study design with a simple random sampling method. We determined the sample size using a single population proportion formula with the assumption of a 55% good IPC practice, a 5% accepted margin of error, and a 15% non-response rate and adjusted with the correction formula. The final sample size was 284 healthcare workers. The binary logistic regression model was used for analysis. The World Health Organization (WHO) Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool was used to assess IPC core components. Result A total of 272 healthcare workers participated in the study, with a response rate of 96%. Of the total participants, 65.8% were female and 75.7% were nurses. The overall composite score showed that the prevalence of good IPC practices among healthcare workers was 50.4% (95% CI: 44.3-56.5). The final model revealed that nursing professionals and healthcare workers who received IPC training had AORs of 2.84 (95% CI: 1.34-6.05) and 2.48 (95% CI: 1.36-4.52), respectively. The final average total IPCAF score for the IPC level was 247.5 out of 800 points. Conclusion The prevalence of good IPC practice was suboptimal. The study participants, who were nursing professionals and healthcare workers who received IPC training, showed a statistically significant association with the IPC practice level. The facility-level IPCAF result showed a "Basic" level of practice based on the WHO categorization. These evidences can inform healthcare workers and decision-makers to identify areas for improvement in IPC practice at all levels. Training of healthcare workers and effective implementation of the eight IPC core components should be strengthened to improve suboptimal practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Yilma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Taye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluwork Tefera
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhan Tassew
- Department of Health Systems and Health Policy, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Mulu Fentie
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Workeabeba Abebe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Busani L, Creti R, Fabbro E, Prestinaci F, Pantosti A, Marella AM, Brusaferro S, Sabbatucci M. Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections in EU-JAMRAI: The One-Health Response from Italy. Chemotherapy 2023; 69:56-64. [PMID: 37673044 DOI: 10.1159/000531684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious health threat, and it has high priority among the European public health agenda. The development and implementation of the National Action Plans (NAPs) with a One-Health perspective to fight AMR was supported in 2017 by the European Union (EU) through a Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI). The Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), supported by the University of Udine, and the University of Foggia were among the 44 partners involved. This paper describes the results of EU-JAMRAI relevant to Italy and its impact on national policies. METHODS The activities involved national and international experts who worked in groups, either in virtual or face-to-face meetings. Country-to-country visits were organized to assess and compare the national strategies to counteract AMR and to exchange best practices. In addition, qualitative research methods, particularly focus groups (FGs) and structured interviews, were carried out to collect information and opinions from the experts. RESULTS The Italian team of experts from the Ministry of Health and the University of Foggia visited the Netherlands and hosted the Polish expert team in Italy. In two FG, stakeholders' opinions from different organizations were collected and analyzed to identify critical areas and provide recommendations to ensure implementation of the NAP and effective One-Health integration. In addition, attitudes of medical professionals toward antimicrobial stewardship were evaluated in a medium/large Italian hospital. Strengths were identified in the multidisciplinary approach and the hospital management's proactive involvement. As for the veterinary sector, Italy was among the 10 EU countries that did not have any national AMR surveillance in place for animal bacterial pathogens. Consequently, a European surveillance system was proposed with the adhesion of Italy. Regarding research and innovation to fight AMR and healthcare-associated infection, Italy worked with the other European partners to identify national research gaps and opportunities. As a result, recommendations were issued to the authorities to promote research and innovation with a One-Health approach. CONCLUSIONS The Italian participation in the EU JAMRAI provided experience and examples to the Italian government for implementing the NAP and planning the roadmap to fight AMR and helped point out the system's criticalities. It also supported the promotion of the One-Health integrated vision that was included in the updated NAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Busani
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Gender Specific-medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fabbro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy,
- Internationalisation Staff Unit, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy,
| | - Francesca Prestinaci
- Centre for Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marella
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Brusaferro
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Presidency, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Sabbatucci
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- Directorate General for health prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
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Hamers RL, Dobreva Z, Cassini A, Tamara A, Lazarus G, Asadinia KS, Burzo S, Olaru ID, Dona D, Emdin F, Van Weezenbeek K, Bertagnolio S. Global knowledge gaps on antimicrobial resistance in the human health sector: A scoping review. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:142-149. [PMID: 37301361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and summarize existing global knowledge gaps on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human health, focusing on the World Health Organization (WHO) bacterial priority pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and selected fungi. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of gray and peer-reviewed literature, published in English from January 2012 through December 2021, that reported on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care of drug-resistant infections. We extracted relevant knowledge gaps and, through an iterative process, consolidated those into thematic research questions. RESULTS Of 8409 publications screened, 1156 were included, including 225 (19.5%) from low- and middle-income countries. A total of 2340 knowledge gaps were extracted, in the following areas: antimicrobial research and development, AMR burden and drivers, resistant tuberculosis, antimicrobial stewardship, diagnostics, infection prevention and control, antimicrobial consumption and use data, immunization, sexually transmitted infections, AMR awareness and education, policies and regulations, fungi, water sanitation and hygiene, and foodborne diseases. The knowledge gaps were consolidated into 177 research questions, including 78 (44.1%) specifically relevant to low- and middle-income countries and 65 (36.7%) targeting vulnerable populations. CONCLUSION This scoping review presents the most comprehensive compilation of AMR-related knowledge gaps to date, informing a priority-setting exercise to develop the WHO Global AMR Research Agenda for the human health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raph L Hamers
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Zlatina Dobreva
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Cassini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Public Health Department, Canton of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland; Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Tamara
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Lazarus
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Koe Stella Asadinia
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit Indonesia, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stefano Burzo
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Diana Olaru
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Daniele Dona
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department for Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Kitty Van Weezenbeek
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Bertagnolio
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dehghani S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Karimi A, Afroughi F, Abshenas S, Azad K, Tantuoyir MM, Mohammadi P, Ghavam SM, Mojdeganlou H, Dadras O, Nazarian N, Vahedi F, Barzegary A, Mehraeen E. Evaluating the effects of air disinfectants in decontamination of COVID-19 aerosols. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1042. [PMID: 36644313 PMCID: PMC9831143 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airborne transmission is the most crucial mode of COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, disinfecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosols float can have important implications in limiting COVID-19 transmission. Herein, we aimed to review the studies that utilized various disinfectants to decontaminate and inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 aerosols. Methods This study was a review that studied related articles published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2022. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, on August 23, 2021. The studies were downloaded into the EndNote software, duplicates were removed, and then the studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The screening process involved two steps; first, the studies were screened based on their title and abstract and then their full texts. The included studies were used for the qualitative analysis. Results From 664 retrieved records, only 31 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative analysis. Various materials like Ozone, H2O2, alcohol, and TiO2 and methods like heating and using Ultraviolet were described in these studies to disinfect places contaminated by COVID-19. It appeared that the efficacy of these disinfectants varies considerably depending on the situation, time, and ultimately their mode of application. Conclusion Following reliable protocols in combination with the proper selection of disinfectant agents for each purpose would serve to achieve desired elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Dehghani
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Afroughi
- Pars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shayan Abshenas
- School of medicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Kimia Azad
- School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Biomedical Engineering UnitUniversity of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC)AccraGhana
| | - Parsa Mohammadi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghavam
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hengameh Mojdeganlou
- Department of PathologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information TechnologyKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesKhalkhalIran
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Geffers C, Schwab F, Behnke M, Gastmeier P. No increase of device associated infections in German intensive care units during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2022; 11:67. [PMID: 35526018 PMCID: PMC9077980 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-022-01108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic may have had a substantial impact on the incidence of device-associated healthcare-associated infections (HAI), in particular in intensive care units (ICU). A significant increase of HAI was reported by US hospitals when comparing incidence rates from 2019 and 2020. The objective of this study was to investigate the development of the most relevant device-associated HAI in German ICUs during the year 2020 as compared to 2019. Methods We utilized the data of the ICU component of the German National Reference Center for Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (KISS = Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System) for the period 2019–2020. We focused on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), ventilator-associated lower respiratory infections (VALRTI) and bloodstream infections associated with the use of Extracorporeal-Life-Support-Systems (ECLSABSI). Device use was defined as the number device days per 100 patient days; device-associated infection rates as the number of device-associated infections per 1000 device days. To compare the pooled means between the years and quarters we calculated rate ratios of device-associated infection rates with 95% confidence intervals by Poisson regression models. Results The number of participating ICUs in the surveillance system decreased from 982 in 2019 to 921 in 2020 (6.2%). Device utilization rates increased significantly for central lines and ventilator use. VALRTI rates and CAUTI rates decreased in 2020 compared with 2019, however, no increase was shown for CLABSI or ECLSABSI. This result was also confirmed when the corresponding quarters per year were analyzed. Conclusions The lack of an increase in device-associated healthcare associated infections (HAI) in German ICUs may be due to the lower overall incidence of COVID-19 cases in Germany in 2020 compared with US, to a very high availability of ICU beds per 100,000 inhabitants compared with many other countries, and a change in the ICU patient mix due to numerous elective procedures that were postponed during the first two waves. The primary reason seems to be that only 7% of all ICU patients in Germany in 2020 were COVID-19 patients.
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Hammoud S, Amer F, Khatatbeh H, Alfatafta H, Zrínyi M, Kocsis B. Translation and validation of the Hungarian Version of the infection control standardized questionnaire: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:244. [PMID: 36056329 PMCID: PMC9436728 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-01024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, there is currently no psychometrically validated Hungarian scale to evaluate nurses’ knowledge about infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Thus, we aim in this study to assess the validity and reliability of the infection control standardized questionnaire Hungarian version (ICSQ-H). Methods A cross-sectional, multisite study was conducted among 591 nurses in Hungary. The original ICSQ included 25 questions. First, the questionnaire was translated into Hungarian. Then, content validity was assessed by a committee of four specialists. This was done by calculating the item content validity index and scale content validity index. Afterward, structural validity was evaluated in a two-step process using principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The goodness of fit for the model was measured through fit indices. Convergent validity was assessed by calculating the average variance extracted. Additionally, discriminant validity was evaluated by computing the Spearman correlation coefficient between the factors. Finally, the interitem correlations, the corrected item-total correlations, and the internal consistency were calculated. Results The content validity of the questionnaire was established with 23 items. The final four-factor ICSQ-H including 10 items showed a good fit model. Convergent validity was met except for the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) factor, while discriminant validity was met for all factors. The interitem correlations and the corrected item-total correlations were met for all factors, but the internal consistency of ABHR was unsatisfactory due to the low number of items. Conclusions The results did not support the original three-factor structure of the ICSQ. However, the four-factor ICSQ-H demonstrated an adequate degree of good fit and was found to be reliable. Based on our findings, we believe that the ICSQ-H could pave the way for more research regarding nurses’ IPC knowledge to be conducted in Hungary. Nevertheless, its validation among other healthcare workers is important to tailor effective interventions to enhance knowledge and awareness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12912-022-01024-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hammoud
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Faten Amer
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Haitham Khatatbeh
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Huda Alfatafta
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, 7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Miklós Zrínyi
- Basic Health Sciences and Health Visiting, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty u. 4, H-7621, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, 7624, Pécs, Hungary
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9
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A bottom-up view of antimicrobial resistance transmission in developing countries. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:757-765. [PMID: 35637328 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is tracked most closely in clinical settings and high-income countries. However, resistant organisms thrive globally and are transmitted to and from healthy humans, animals and the environment, particularly in many low- and middle-income settings. The overall public health and clinical significance of these transmission opportunities remain to be completely clarified. There is thus considerable global interest in promoting a One Health view of AMR to enable a more realistic understanding of its ecology. In reality, AMR surveillance outside hospitals remains insufficient and it has been very challenging to convincingly document transmission at the interfaces between clinical specimens and other niches. In this Review, we describe AMR and its transmission in low- and middle-income-country settings, emphasizing high-risk transmission points such as urban settings and food-animal handling. In urban and food production settings, top-down and infrastructure-dependent interventions against AMR that require strong regulatory oversight are less likely to curtail transmission when used alone and should be combined with bottom-up AMR-containment approaches. We observe that the power of genomics to expose transmission channels and hotspots is largely unharnessed, and that existing and upcoming technological innovations need to be exploited towards containing AMR in low- and middle-income settings.
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10
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McMillan S. Preventing healthcare-associated infections by decontaminating the clinical environment. Nurs Stand 2022; 37:e11935. [PMID: 35477994 DOI: 10.7748/ns.2022.e11935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) continue to cause patient harm and at increasing rates. Factors contributing to this increase include suboptimal hand hygiene, antimicrobial resistance, and inadequate decontamination of the patient environment and shared patient equipment. To reduce the risk of HAIs and enhance patient safety, it is important that nurses and other healthcare professionals adhere to infection prevention and control guidance, including decontamination procedures. It is also important to identify and address the barriers that can affect adherence to this guidance. This article discusses effective decontamination of the patient environment and non-critical shared patient equipment, the barriers to adhering to guidance and strategies for improving decontamination procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha McMillan
- Christchurch Hospital Campus, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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Choi H, Chatterjee P, Lichtfouse E, Martel JA, Hwang M, Jinadatha C, Sharma VK. Classical and alternative disinfection strategies to control the COVID-19 virus in healthcare facilities: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:1945-1951. [PMID: 33500689 PMCID: PMC7820091 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease COVID-19 has spread throughout the world and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th, 2020. The COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). One possible mode of virus transmission is through surfaces in the healthcare settings. This paper reviews currently used disinfection strategies to control SARS-CoV-2 at the healthcare facilities. Chemical disinfectants include hypochlorite, peroxymonosulfate, alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and hydrogen peroxide. Advanced strategies include no-touch techniques such as engineered antimicrobial surfaces and automated room disinfection systems using hydrogen peroxide vapor or ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosoon Choi
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX USA
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX USA
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, 13100 Aix en Provence, France
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710049 China
| | - Julie A. Martel
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX USA
| | - Munok Hwang
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX USA
| | - Chetan Jinadatha
- Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, 1901 Veterans Memorial Drive, Temple, TX USA
| | - Virender K. Sharma
- Program of the Environment and Sustainability, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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