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Dhaliwal N, Dhaliwal J, Chopra K. 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone Ameliorates Cholinergic Dysfunction, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1137-1149. [PMID: 38300457 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is a degenerative cerebrovascular disorder associated with progressive cognitive decline. Previous reports have shown that 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a well-known TrkB agonist, effectively ameliorates cognitive deficits in several disease models. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of 7,8-DHF against 2-VO-induced VD. VD was established in rats using the permanent bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (two-vessel occlusion, 2-VO) model. 7,8-DHF (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) and Donepezil (10 mg/kg) were administered for 4 weeks. Memory function was assessed by the novel objective recognition task (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-kβ), oxidative stress, and apoptotic (BAX, BCL-2, caspase-3) markers, along with the activity of choline acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was assessed. p-AKT, p-CREB, BDNF, and neurotransmitter (NT) (GLU, GABA, and ACh) levels were also analyzed in the hippocampus of 2-VO rats. Our results show that 7,8-DHF effectively improved memory performance and cholinergic dysfunction in 2-VO model rats. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF treatment also increased p-AKT, p-CREB, and BDNF levels, suppressed oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers, and restored altered NT levels in the hippocampus. These findings imply that 7, 8-DHF may act via multiple mechanisms and as such serve as a promising neuroprotective agent in the context of VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jatinder Dhaliwal
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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2
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Luo S, Wang D, Zhang Z. Post-translational modification and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1329554. [PMID: 38273938 PMCID: PMC10808367 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1329554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with currently no cure. Most PD cases are sporadic, and about 5-10% of PD cases present a monogenic inheritance pattern. Mutations in more than 20 genes are associated with genetic forms of PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a prominent player in PD pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow rapid switching of protein functions and therefore impact various cellular functions including those related to mitochondria. Among the PD-associated genes, Parkin, PINK1, and LRRK2 encode enzymes that directly involved in catalyzing PTM modifications of target proteins, while others like α-synuclein, FBXO7, HTRA2, VPS35, CHCHD2, and DJ-1, undergo substantial PTM modification, subsequently altering mitochondrial functions. Here, we summarize recent findings on major PTMs associated with PD-related proteins, as enzymes or substrates, that are shown to regulate important mitochondrial functions and discuss their involvement in PD pathogenesis. We will further highlight the significance of PTM-regulated mitochondrial functions in understanding PD etiology. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential for developing important biomarkers for PD through extensive research into PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Luo
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danling Wang
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute for Future Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Ministry of Education, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine of Hunan Province and Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Afsar A, Chen M, Xuan Z, Zhang L. A glance through the effects of CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and cytokines on Alzheimer's disease. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:5662-5675. [PMID: 38053545 PMCID: PMC10694609 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Unfortunately, despite numerous studies, an effective treatment for AD has not yet been established. There is remarkable evidence indicating that the innate immune mechanism and adaptive immune response play significant roles in the pathogenesis of AD. Several studies have reported changes in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in AD patients. This mini-review article discusses the potential contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reactivity to amyloid β (Aβ) protein in individuals with AD. Moreover, this mini-review examines the potential associations between T cells, heme oxygenase (HO), and impaired mitochondria in the context of AD. While current mathematical models of AD have not extensively addressed the inclusion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, there exist models that can be extended to consider AD as an autoimmune disease involving these T cell types. Additionally, the mini-review covers recent research that has investigated the utilization of machine learning models, considering the impact of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Afsar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Xuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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Cheng L, Chen Y, Guo D, Zhong Y, Li W, Lin Y, Miao Y. mTOR-dependent TFEB activation and TFEB overexpression enhance autophagy-lysosome pathway and ameliorate Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in diabetic encephalopathy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:91. [PMID: 37143104 PMCID: PMC10158341 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that features Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology, which can be degraded by the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). Since transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of ALP, TFEB-mediated ALP activation might have a therapeutic effect on DE, but this has yet to be investigated. METHODS We established T2DM mouse models and cultured HT22 cells under high-glucose (HG) conditions to confirm the role of ALP in DE. To further investigate this, both mice and HT22 cells were treated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA). We also analyzed the content of TFEB in the nucleus and cytoplasm to evaluate its role in ALP. To confirm the effect of TFEB activation at the post-translational level in DE, we used rapamycin to inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). We transduced both mice and cells with TFEB vector to evaluate the therapeutic effect of TFEB overexpression on DE. Conversely, we conducted TFEB knockdown to verify its role in DE in another direction. RESULTS We found that T2DM mice experienced compromised cognitive function, while HG-cultured HT22 cells exhibited increased cell apoptosis. Additionally, both T2DM mice and HG-cultured HT22 cells showed impaired ALP and heavier AD-like pathology. This pathology worsened after treatment with 3-MA. We also observed decreased TFEB nuclear translocation in both T2DM mice and HG-cultured HT22 cells. However, inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin or overexpressing TFEB increased TFEB nuclear translocation, enhancing the clearance of ALP-targeted AD-like pathology. This contributed to protection against neuronal apoptosis and alleviation of cognitive impairment. Conversely, TFEB knockdown lessened ALP-targeted AD-like pathology clearance and had a negative impact on DE. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that impaired ALP is responsible for the aggravation of AD-like pathology in T2DM. We propose that mTOR-dependent TFEB activation and TFEB overexpression are promising therapeutic strategies for DE, as they enhance the clearance of ALP-targeted AD-like pathology and alleviate neuronal apoptosis. Our study provides insight into the underlying mechanisms of DE and offers potential avenues for the development of new treatments for this debilitating complication of T2DM. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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Kashyap K, Panigrahi L, Ahmed S, Siddiqi MI. Artificial neural network models driven novel virtual screening workflow for the identification and biological evaluation of BACE1 inhibitors. Mol Inform 2023; 42:e2200113. [PMID: 36460626 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Beta-site amyloid-β precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a transmembrane aspartic protease and has shown potential as a possible therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. This aggravating disease involves the aberrant production of β amyloid plaques by BACE1 which catalyzes the rate-limiting step by cleaving the amyloid precursor protein (APP), generating the neurotoxic amyloid β protein that aggregates to form plaques leading to neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is indispensable to inhibit BACE1, thus modulating the APP processing. In this study, we present a workflow that utilizes a multi-stage virtual screening protocol for identifying potential BACE1 inhibitors by employing multiple artificial neural network-based models. Collectively, all the hyperparameter tuned models were assigned a task to virtually screen Maybridge library, thus yielding a consensus of 41 hits. The majority of these hits exhibited optimal pharmacokinetic properties confirmed by high central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS-MPO) scores. Further shortlisting of 8 compounds by molecular docking into the active site of BACE1 and their subsequent in-vitro evaluation identified 4 compounds as potent BACE1 inhibitors with IC50 values falling in the range 0.028-0.052 μM and can be further optimized with medicinal chemistry efforts to improve their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Kashyap
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lalita Panigrahi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Jin Z, Chang B, Wei Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Piao L, Bai L. Curcumin exerts chondroprotective effects against osteoarthritis by promoting AMPK/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113092. [PMID: 35550528 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative disease with heterogeneous properties, is difficult to cure due to its complex pathogenesis. Curcumin possesses excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and may have potential therapeutic value in OA. In this study, we investigated the action targets of curcumin and identified potential anti-OA targets for curcumin. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analyses were performed to evaluate these targets. Furthermore, we established a sodium monoiodoacetate-induced rat knee OA model and IL-1β induced OA chondrocyte model to verify the effect and mechanism of curcumin against OA. The GO and KEGG analyses screened seven hub genes involved in metabolic processes and the AMPK signaling pathway. Curcumin can significantly attenuate OA characteristics according to Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) and Mankin scores in OA rats. Additionally, curcumin is notably employed as an activator of mitophagy in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis (ROS, Ca2+, ATP production, and mitochondrial membrane potential). The expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins were increased not only in articular cartilage but also in chondrocytes with curcumin intervention. Combining validation experiments and network pharmacology, we identified the importance of mitophagy in the curcumin treatment of OA. The chondroprotective effects of curcumin against OA are mediated by the AMPK/PINK1/Parkin pathway, and curcumin may serve as a potential novel drug for OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bohan Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingliang Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiabao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Longhuan Piao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Zahra W, Birla H, Singh SS, Rathore AS, Dilnashin H, Singh R, Keshri PK, Gautam P, Singh SP. Neuroprotection by Mucuna pruriens in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1816-1829. [PMID: 35380400 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Mucuna pruriens (Fabaceae) is widely known for its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a well-established drug in Ayurveda and has been widely used for the treatment of neurological disorders and male infertility for ages. The seeds of the plant have potent medicinal value and its extract has been tested in different models of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). Apart from PD, Mucuna pruriens is now being studied in models of other nervous systems disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and stroke because of its neuroprotective importance. This review briefly discusses the pathogenesis of PD, AD, ALS and stroke. It aims to summarize the medicinal importance of Mucuna pruriens in treatment of these diseases, and put forward the potential targets where Mucuna pruriens can act for therapeutic interventions. In this review, the effect of Mucuna pruriens on ameliorating the neurodegeneration evident in PD, AD, ALS and stroke is briefly discussed. The potential targets for neuroprotection by the plant are delineated, which can be studied further to validate the hypothesis regarding the use of Mucuna pruriens for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Xue J, Li G, Ji X, Liu ZH, Wang HL, Xiao G. Drosophila ZIP13 overexpression or transferrin1 RNAi influences the muscle degeneration of Pink1 RNAi by elevating iron levels in mitochondria. J Neurochem 2022; 160:540-555. [PMID: 35038358 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of iron homeostasis in the brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients has been reported for many years, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate iron metabolism genes related to PTEN-induced kinase 1 (Pink1) and parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase), two PD-associated proteins that function to coordinate mitochondrial turnover via induction of selective mitophagy, we conducted a genetic screen in Drosophila and found that altered expression of genes involved in iron metabolism, such as Drosophila ZIP13 (dZIP13) or transferrin1 (Tsf1), significantly influences the disease progression related to Pink1 but not parkin. Several phenotypes of Pink1 mutant and Pink1 RNAi but not parkin mutant were significantly rescued by overexpression (OE) of dZIP13 (dZIP13 OE) or silencing of Tsf1 (Tsf1 RNAi) in the flight muscles. The rescue effects of dZIP13 OE or Tsf1 RNAi were not exerted through mitochondrial disruption or mitophagy, instead, the iron levels in mitochondira were significantly increased, resulting in enhanced activity of enzymes participating in respiration and increased ATP synthesis. Consistently, the rescue effects of dZIP13 OE or Tsf1 RNAi on Pink1 RNAi can be inhibited by decreasing the iron levels in mitochondria through mitoferrin (dmfrn) RNAi. This study suggests that dZIP13, Tsf1 and dmfrn might act independently of parkin in a parallel pathway downstream of Pink1 by modulating respiration and indicates that manipulation of iron levels in mitochondria may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for PD associated with Pink1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangying Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guiran Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Analysis of complexity and dynamic functional connectivity based on resting-state EEG in early Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. Cogn Neurodyn 2021; 16:309-323. [PMID: 35401875 PMCID: PMC8934826 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-021-09722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the abnormal brain activity of early Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment (ePD-MCI) patients, the study analyzed the dynamic fluctuation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and the dynamic change of information communication between EEG signals of ePD-MCI patients. In this study, we recorded resting-state EEG signals of 30 ePD-MCI patients and 37 early Parkinson's disease without mild cognitive impairment (ePD-nMCI) patients. First, we analyzed the difference of the complexity of EEG signals between the two groups. And we found that the complexity in the ePD-MCI group was significantly higher than that in the ePD-nMCI group. Then, by analyzing the dynamic functional network (DFN) topology based on the optimal sliding-window, we found that the temporal correlation coefficients of ePD-MCI patients were lower in the delta and theta bands than those in the ePD-nMCI patients. The temporal characteristic path length of ePD-MCI patients in the alpha band was higher than that of ePD-nMCI patients. In the theta and alpha bands, the temporal small world degrees of ePD-MCI patients were lower than that of patients with ePD-nMCI. In addition, the functional connectivity strength of ePD-MCI patients affected by cognitive impairment was weaker than that of ePD-nMCI patients, and the stability of dynamic functional connectivity network was decreased. This finding may serve as a biomarker to identify ePD-MCI and contribute to the early intervention treatment of ePD-MCI.
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Defects in ubiquitination and NETosis and their associations with human diseases. Pathology 2021; 53:439-445. [PMID: 33518384 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Various autoimmune diseases are associated with defects in protein degradation and NETosis. This review aims to examine defects in ubiquitination and NETosis and their associations with human disease. This study involved a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and LILACS, to locate articles on the relationship between human disease and defects in protein degradation and NETosis. Ubiquitination and NETosis can trigger a cascade of events that affect immune system function and impact the body's ability to fight disease. Ubiquitination is implicated in various disorders, such as Liddle's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurodegenerative disorders, whereas NETosis has been linked to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis, accelerated atherosclerosis, thrombosis, rheumatoid arthritis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and renal inflammatory complications. Researchers have attempted for years to identify the link between neurodegenerative disease and ubiquitination. Previous studies analysed the relationships between different autoimmune disorders and NETosis and identified various ubiquitin conjugates and NET remnants that trigger disease development and progression. Ubiquitination and NETosis play key roles in the emergence and progression of neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationships between these disorders and biological processes.
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Botelho J, Mascarenhas P, Mendes JJ, Machado V. Network Protein Interaction in Parkinson's Disease and Periodontitis Interplay: A Preliminary Bioinformatic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111385. [PMID: 33238395 PMCID: PMC7700320 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies supported a clinical association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and periodontitis. Hence, investigating possible interactions between proteins associated to these two conditions is of interest. In this study, we conducted a protein–protein network interaction analysis with recognized genes encoding proteins with variants strongly associated with PD and periodontitis. Genes of interest were collected via the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) database. Then, we conducted a protein interaction analysis, using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database, with a highest confidence cutoff of 0.9 and sensitivity analysis with confidence cutoff of 0.7. Our protein network casts a comprehensive analysis of potential protein–protein interactions between PD and periodontitis. This analysis may underpin valuable information for new candidate molecular mechanisms between PD and periodontitis and may serve new potential targets for research purposes. These results should be carefully interpreted, giving the limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (P.M.); (J.J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulo Mascarenhas
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (P.M.); (J.J.M.)
- Center for Medical Genetics and Pediatric Nutrition Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (P.M.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal;
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (P.M.); (J.J.M.)
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Emon MA, Heinson A, Wu P, Domingo-Fernández D, Sood M, Vrooman H, Corvol JC, Scordis P, Hofmann-Apitius M, Fröhlich H. Clustering of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease based on genetic burden of shared molecular mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19097. [PMID: 33154531 PMCID: PMC7645798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the visions of precision medicine has been to re-define disease taxonomies based on molecular characteristics rather than on phenotypic evidence. However, achieving this goal is highly challenging, specifically in neurology. Our contribution is a machine-learning based joint molecular subtyping of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), based on the genetic burden of 15 molecular mechanisms comprising 27 proteins (e.g. APOE) that have been described in both diseases. We demonstrate that our joint AD/PD clustering using a combination of sparse autoencoders and sparse non-negative matrix factorization is reproducible and can be associated with significant differences of AD and PD patient subgroups on a clinical, pathophysiological and molecular level. Hence, clusters are disease-associated. To our knowledge this work is the first demonstration of a mechanism based stratification in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, we thus see this work as an important step towards a molecular mechanism-based taxonomy of neurological disorders, which could help in developing better targeted therapies in the future by going beyond classical phenotype based disease definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asif Emon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ashley Heinson
- UCB Pharma (UCB Celltech Ltd.), 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, Berkshire, UK
| | - Ping Wu
- UCB Pharma (UCB Celltech Ltd.), 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, Berkshire, UK
| | - Daniel Domingo-Fernández
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Meemansa Sood
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Phil Scordis
- UCB Pharma (UCB Celltech Ltd.), 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, Berkshire, UK
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), 53754, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 19c, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- UCB Pharma (UCB Biosciences GmbH), Alfred-Nobel-Str. 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany.
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13
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Kumar D, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Ubiquitin biology in neurodegenerative disorders: From impairment to therapeutic strategies. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 61:101078. [PMID: 32407951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of neurotoxic proteins is the typical hallmark of various age-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Multiple sclerosis. The anomalous proteins, such as Aβ, Tau in Alzheimer's disease and α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, perturb the neuronal physiology and cellular homeostasis in the brain thereby affecting the millions of human lives across the globe. Here, ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a decisive role in clearing the toxic metabolites in cells, where any aberrancy is widely reported to exaggerate the neurodegenerative pathologies. In spite of well-advancement in the ubiquitination research, their molecular markers and mechanisms for target-specific protein ubiquitination and clearance remained elusive. Therefore, this review substantiates the role of UPS in the brain signaling and neuronal physiology with their mechanistic role in the NDD's specific pathogenic protein clearance. Moreover, current and future promising therapies are discussed to target UPS-mediated neurodegeneration for better public health.
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14
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Curcumin, a Multifaceted Hormetic Agent, Mediates an Intricate Crosstalk between Mitochondrial Turnover, Autophagy, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3656419. [PMID: 32765806 PMCID: PMC7387956 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3656419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin has extensive therapeutic potential because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative properties. Multiple preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo have proven curcumin to be effective against various cancers. These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. Here, we focus on the hormetic behavior of curcumin. Frequently, low doses of natural chemical products activate an adaptive stress response, whereas high doses activate acute responses like autophagy and cell death. This phenomenon is often referred to as hormesis. Curcumin causes cell death and primarily initiates an autophagic step (mitophagy). At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. Herein, we address the complex crosstalk that involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial destabilization accompanied by mitophagy, and cell death.
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15
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Morales I, Sanchez A, Puertas-Avendaño R, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Perez-Barreto A, Rodriguez M. Neuroglial transmitophagy and Parkinson's disease. Glia 2020; 68:2277-2299. [PMID: 32415886 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is essential for the health of dopaminergic neurons because mitochondrial damage is a keystone of Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present work was to study the degradation of mitochondria in the degenerating dopaminergic synapse. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats and YFP-Mito-DAn mice with fluorescent mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons were injected in the lateral ventricles with 6-hydroxydopamine, a toxic that inhibits the mitochondrial chain of dopaminergic neurons and blockades the axonal transport. Dopaminergic terminals closest to the lateral ventricle showed an axonal fragmentation and an accumulation of damaged mitochondria in 2-9 μ saccular structures (spheroids). Damaged mitochondria accumulated in spheroids initiated (showing high Pink1, parkin, ubiquitin, p-S65-Ubi, AMBRA1, and BCL2L13 immunoreactivity and developing autophagosomes) but did not complete (mitochondria were not polyubiquitinated, autophagosomes had no STX17, and no lysosomes were found in spheroids) the mitophagy process. Then, spheroids were penetrated by astrocytic processes and DAergic mitochondria were transferred to astrocytes where they were polyubiquitinated (UbiK63+) and linked to mature autophagosomes (STX17+) which became autophagolysosomes (Lamp1/Lamp2 which co-localized with LC3). Present data provide evidence that the mitophagy of degenerating dopaminergic terminals starts in the dopaminergic spheroids and finishes in the surrounding astrocytes (spheroid-mediated transmitophagy). The neuron-astrocyte transmitophagy could be critical for preventing the release of damaged mitochondria to the extracellular medium and the neuro-inflammatory activity which characterizes Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Puertas-Avendaño
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Adrian Perez-Barreto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Junqueira SC, Centeno EGZ, Wilkinson KA, Cimarosti H. Post-translational modifications of Parkinson's disease-related proteins: Phosphorylation, SUMOylation and Ubiquitination. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:2001-2007. [PMID: 30412791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. The etiology of PD remains unclear and most cases are sporadic, however genetic mutations in more than 20 proteins have been shown to cause inherited forms of PD. Many of these proteins are linked to mitochondrial function, defects in which are a central characteristic of PD. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow rapid and reversible control over protein function. Largely focussing on mitochondrial dysfunction in PD, here we review findings on the PTMs phosphorylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitination that have been shown to affect PD-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella C Junqueira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Eduarda G Z Centeno
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Helena Cimarosti
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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17
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Thygesen C, Boll I, Finsen B, Modzel M, Larsen MR. Characterizing disease-associated changes in post-translational modifications by mass spectrometry. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:245-258. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1433036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Thygesen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Denmark
| | - Inga Boll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bente Finsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Denmark
| | - Maciej Modzel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin R. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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18
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Targeted mass spectrometry: An emerging powerful approach to unblock the bottleneck in phosphoproteomics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:29-38. [PMID: 28441545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the rapid expansion of the proteomics field, the investigation of post translational modifications (PTM) has become extremely popular changing our perspective of how proteins constantly fine tune cellular functions. Reversible protein phosphorylation plays a pivotal role in virtually all biological processes in the cell and it is one the most characterized PTM up to date. During the last decade, the development of phosphoprotein/phosphopeptide enrichment strategies and mass spectrometry (MS) technology has revolutionized the field of phosphoproteomics discovering thousands of new site-specific phosphorylations and unveiling unprecedented evidence about their modulation under distinct cellular conditions. The field has expanded so rapidly that the use of traditional methods to validate and characterize the biological role of the phosphosites is not feasible any longer. Targeted MS holds great promise for becoming the method of choice to study with high precision and sensitivity already known site-specific phosphorylation events. This review summarizes the contribution of large-scale unbiased MS analyses and highlights the need of targeted MS-based approaches for follow-up investigation. Additionally, the article illustrates the biological relevance of protein phosphorylation by providing examples of disease-related phosphorylation events and emphasizes the benefits of applying targeted MS in clinics for disease diagnosis, prognosis and drug-response evaluation.
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19
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Koentjoro B, Park JS, Sue CM. Nix restores mitophagy and mitochondrial function to protect against PINK1/Parkin-related Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44373. [PMID: 28281653 PMCID: PMC5345073 DOI: 10.1038/srep44373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targets are needed to develop neuroprotective treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitophagy, the selective autophagic elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and is predominantly regulated by the PINK1/Parkin-mediated pathway. Loss of function mutations in Parkin and PINK1 cause an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, leading to nigral neurodegeneration and early-onset PD with a high penetrance rate. We previously identified an asymptomatic homozygous Parkin mutation carrier who had not developed PD by her eighth decade despite the loss of functional Parkin. Here we discover a putative mechanism that protects her against PD. In contrast to Parkin-related PD patient-derived cells, the asymptomatic carrier cells show preserved mitochondrial function and mitophagy which is mediated by mitochondrial receptor Nip3-like protein X (Nix). Nix-mediated mitophagy was not affected by PINK1 knockdown. Both genetic and pharmacological induction of Nix restores mitophagy in PINK1- and Parkin-related PD patient cell lines, confirming its ability to induce mitophagy in the absence of PINK1/Parkin-mediated pathway. Moreover, Nix over-expression improves mitochondrial ATP production in these patient cells. Our results demonstrate that Nix can serve as an alternative mediator of mitophagy to maintain mitochondrial turnover, identifying Nix as a promising target for neuroprotective treatment in PINK1/Parkin-related PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianada Koentjoro
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.,Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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20
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Dotsenko VV, Chigorina EA, Krivokolysko SG. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl-thiadiazines: a patent evaluation of WO2016023927. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1371-1376. [PMID: 27785946 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1254193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's disease (AD) is acknowledged as the most common type of dementia in aging adults. It is characterized by the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular amyloid plaques. The latter insoluble deposits mainly consist of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ), which are the derivatives of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The formation of neurotoxic Aβ-peptides involves the cleavage of APP with beta-secretase enzyme (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) so the potential of BACE1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for AD is now drawing much attention. The patent application WO2016023927 reports the preparation of new 1,2,4-thiadiazine inhibitors of BACE1 activity and their use as therapeutically active substances. Some of the new compounds are claimed to be good inhibitors with the IC50 values in the 0.000292-0.134165 μM range. Several pharmaceutical preparations based on these compounds are proposed for possible treatment and prevention of AD. Expert opinion: In light of the novelty from the chemical point of view and improved biological activity, the reported 2,2,2-trifluoroethylthiadiazines could be considered as promising BACE1 inhibitors. However, the available data are insufficient to make a recommendation if these compounds can be considered as drug candidates. Further studies with a larger number of compounds are required. The compounds described in the patent have to be characterized more thoroughly from the chemical viewpoint (e.g., by means of IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography), especially as regards stereochemical details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Dotsenko
- a Kuban State University , Krasnodar , Russia.,b ChemEx Lab, Vladimir Dal' Lugansk University , Lugansk , Russia
| | - Elena A Chigorina
- c Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Reagents and High Purity Chemical Substances" (FSUE "IREA") , Moscow , Russia
| | - Sergey G Krivokolysko
- b ChemEx Lab, Vladimir Dal' Lugansk University , Lugansk , Russia.,d Lugansk State Medical University , Lugansk , Russia
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21
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Curcumin, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy: Exploring recent data and indicating future needs. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:813-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Hu Q, Wang G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2016; 5:14. [PMID: 27453777 PMCID: PMC4957882 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-016-0060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which is characterized by loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the formation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in surviving DA neurons in most cases. Although the cause of PD is still unclear, the remarkable advances have been made in understanding the possible causative mechanisms of PD pathogenesis. Numerous studies showed that dysfunction of mitochondria may play key roles in DA neuronal loss. Both genetic and environmental factors that are associated with PD contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and PD pathogenesis. The induction of PD by neurotoxins that inhibit mitochondrial complex I provides direct evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction to PD. Decrease of mitochondrial complex I activity is present in PD brain and in neurotoxin- or genetic factor-induced PD cellular and animal models. Moreover, PINK1 and parkin, two autosomal recessive PD gene products, have important roles in mitophagy, a cellular process to clear damaged mitochondria. PINK1 activates parkin to ubiquitinate outer mitochondrial membrane proteins to induce a selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy. In this review, we summarize the factors associated with PD and recent advances in understanding mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021 China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021 China ; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021 China
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23
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van Tilburg GB, Elhebieshy AF, Ovaa H. Synthetic and semi-synthetic strategies to study ubiquitin signaling. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 38:92-101. [PMID: 27315041 PMCID: PMC7125694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The post-translational modification ubiquitin can be attached to the ɛ-amino group of lysine residues or to a protein's N-terminus as a mono ubiquitin moiety. Via its seven intrinsic lysine residues and its N-terminus, it can also form ubiquitin chains on substrates in many possible ways. To study ubiquitin signals, many synthetic and semi-synthetic routes have been developed for generation of ubiquitin-derived tools and conjugates. The strength of these methods lies in their ability to introduce chemo-selective ligation handles at sites that currently cannot be enzymatically modified. Here, we review the different synthetic and semi-synthetic methods available for ubiquitin conjugate synthesis and their contribution to how they have helped investigating conformational diversity of diubiquitin signals. Next, we discuss how these methods help understanding the ubiquitin conjugation-deconjugation system by recent advances in ubiquitin ligase probes and diubiquitin-based DUB probes. Lastly, we discuss how these methods help studying post-translational modification of ubiquitin itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriëlle Ba van Tilburg
- Department of Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela F Elhebieshy
- Department of Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Department of Cell Biology II, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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24
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George S, Aguirre JD, Spratt DE, Bi Y, Jeffery M, Shaw GS, O'Donoghue P. Generation of phospho-ubiquitin variants by orthogonal translation reveals codon skipping. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1530-42. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna George
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Jacob D. Aguirre
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Donald E. Spratt
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Yumin Bi
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Madeline Jeffery
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Gary S. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
| | - Patrick O'Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
- Department of Chemistry; The University of Western Ontario; London Canada
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25
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Feligioni M, Mango D, Piccinin S, Imbriani P, Iannuzzi F, Caruso A, De Angelis F, Blandini F, Mercuri NB, Pisani A, Nisticò R. Subtle alterations of excitatory transmission are linked to presynaptic changes in the hippocampus of PINK1-deficient mice. Synapse 2016; 70:223-30. [PMID: 26850695 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous or heterozygous mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) gene have been linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Several neurophysiological studies have demonstrated alterations in striatal synaptic plasticity along with impaired dopamine release in PINK1-deficient mice. Using electrophysiological methods, here we show that PINK1 loss of function causes a progressive increase of spontaneous glutamate-mediated synaptic events in the hippocampus, without influencing long-term potentiation. Moreover, fluorescence analysis reveals increased neurotrasmitter release although our biochemical results failed to detect which presynaptic proteins might be engaged. This study provides a novel role for PINK1 beyond the physiology of nigrostriatal dopaminergic circuit. Specifically, PINK1 might contribute to preserve synaptic function and glutamatergic homeostasis in the hippocampus, a brain region underlying cognition. The subtle changes in excitatory transmission here observed might be a pathogenic precursor to excitotoxic neurodegeneration and cognitive decline often observed in PD. Using electrophysiological and fluorescence techniques, we demonstrate that lack of PINK1 causes increased excitatory transmission and neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus, which might lead to the cognitive decline often observed in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Feligioni
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Dalila Mango
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Blandini
- IRCSS "C. Mondino", National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola B Mercuri
- University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Robert Nisticò
- EBRI-European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy.,University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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