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Xu Y, Lin F, Liao G, Sun J, Chen W, Zhang L. Ripks and Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6771-6787. [PMID: 38349514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an immune response in the central nervous system and poses a significant threat to human health. Studies have shown that the receptor serine/threonine protein kinase family (RIPK) family, a popular research target in inflammation, has been shown to play an essential role in neuroinflammation. It is significant to note that the previous reviews have only examined the link between RIPK1 and neuroinflammation. However, it has yet to systematically analyze the relationship between the RIPK family and neuroinflammation. Activation of RIPK1 promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1 and RIPK3 are responsible for the control of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation. RIPK1 and RIPK3 regulate inflammatory responses through the release of damage in necroptosis. RIPK1 and RIPK3 regulate inflammatory responses by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) during necrosis. In addition, activated RIPK1 nuclear translocation and its interaction with the BAF complex leads to upregulation of chromatin modification and inflammatory gene expression, thereby triggering inflammation. Although RIPK2 is not directly involved in regulating cell death, it is considered an essential target for treating neurological inflammation. When the peptidoglycan receptor detects peptidoglycan IE-DAP or MDP in bacteria, it prompts NOD1 and NOD2 to recruit RIPK2 and activate the XIAP E3 ligase. This leads to the K63 ubiquitination of RIPK2. This is followed by LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination, which activates NF-KB and MAPK pathways to produce cytokines and chemokines. In conclusion, there are seven known members of the RIPK family, but RIPK4, RIPK5, RIPK6, and RIPK7 have not been linked to neuroinflammation. This article seeks to explore the potential of RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3 kinases as therapeutic interventions for neuroinflammation, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolei Liao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Sharma A, Rudrawar S, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Jadhav HR. Unveiling the potential of novel indol-3-yl-phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives as AChE/BACE 1 dual inhibitors: a combined in silico, synthesis and in vitro study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23853-23872. [PMID: 39081657 PMCID: PMC11287240 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04315d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the failure of many enzyme inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), research is now focused on multi-target directed drug discovery. In this paper, inhibition of two essential enzymes implicated in AD pathologies, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BACE 1 (Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme), has been explored. Taking clues from our previous work, 41 novel indol-3-yl phenyl allylidene hydrazine carboximidamide derivatives were synthesized. The results indicated that compounds inhibited both enzymes in micromolar concentrations. Compound 1l is proposed as the most active. In silico, it was seen to occupy the binding pocket of AChE and BACE 1. The ADME predictions showed that these compounds have acceptable physicochemical characteristics. This study provides new leads for the assessment of AChE and BACE 1 dual inhibition as a promising strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani - 333031 RJ India +91-1596-244183 +91-1596-255 506
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- The Institute for Biomedicine and Glycomics, Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University Gold Coast 4222 Australia
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu - 181110 India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu - 181110 India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar Pilani - 333031 RJ India +91-1596-244183 +91-1596-255 506
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Bhanupriya R, Haridoss M, Lakshmi GS, Bagepally BS. Health-related quality of life in Parkinson's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of EuroQol (EQ-5D) utility scores. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:1781-1793. [PMID: 38581635 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluating the Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) holds significant importance in clinical and research settings. The EQ-5D is a widely recognized tool for comprehensive measurement of HRQoL using utility values. This study aims to systematically review and synthesize EQ-5D utility values from existing literature on patients with PD and their caregivers. METHODS We conducted a systematic search for studies that provided EQ-5D utility scores for patients with PD, using PubMed-Medline, Scopus, and Embase and selected the studies. The selected studies underwent systematic review, including an assessment of their quality. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effect model and conducted a meta-regression analysis to investigate sources of heterogeneity among the studies. RESULTS The search result of 13,417 articles that were reviewed, 130 studies with 33,914 participants were selected for systematic review, and 79 studies were included for meta-analysis. The pooled EQ-5D utility values and visual analog score (VAS) among PD were 62.72% (60.53-64.93, I2 = 99.56%) and 0.60 (0.55-0.65, I2 = 99.81%), respectively. The pooled scores for caregivers' EQ-VAS and EQ-5D utility were 70.10% (63.99-76.20, I2 = 98.25%) and 0.71 (0.61-0.81, I2 = 94.88%), respectively. Disease duration (P < 0.05) showed a negative correlation with EQ-5D utility values on meta-regression. CONCLUSION The pooled utility values of PD and their caregivers help to understand their HRQoL and aid in conducting health economics research. The negative association between disease duration and utility values highlights the evolving nature of HRQoL challenges, suggesting the need for appropriate long-term disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bhavani Shankara Bagepally
- ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
- Health Technology Assessment Resource Centre ICMR-NIE, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Ayapakkam, Chennai, 600077, India.
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Ahmad I, Mashwani ZUR, Zohaib Younas, Yousaf T, Ahmad A, Vladulescu C. Antioxidant activity, metabolic profiling, in-silico molecular docking and ADMET analysis of nano selenium treated sesame seed bioactive compounds as potential novel drug targets against cardiovascular disease related receptors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27909. [PMID: 38571619 PMCID: PMC10987859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is abundant in a diverse range of lignans, including sesamin, and γ-tocopherol, constituting a cluster of bioactive phenolic compound used for food and medicinal purposes. Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading global health challenge, demanding vigilant prevention and innovative treatments. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of plant mediated SeNPs on sesame metabolic profile and to screen and check the effect bioactive compounds against CVD via molecular drug docking technique. Three sesame germplasms TS-5, TH-6 and Till-18 were treated with varying concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) of plant-mediated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). There were three groups of treatments group-1 got only seed pretreatments of SeNPs, Group-2 with only foliar applications of SeNPs and Group-3 with both seed pretreatments and foliar applications of SeNPs. It was found that plants treated with 40 ppm of SeNPS in group 3 exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Total phenolic content at T4 was highest for TS-5 (134%), TH-6 (132%), and Till-18 (112%). LCMS analysis revealed a total of 276 metabolites, with phenolics, flavonoids, and free fatty acids being most abundant. KEGG analysis indicated enrichment in free fatty acid and phenylalanine tryptophan pathways. ADMET analysis and virtual screening resulted in total of five metabolic compounds as a potential ligand against Hemoglobin beta subunit. Lowest binding energy was achieved by Delta-Tocopherol (-6.98) followed by Lactoflavin (-6.20) and Sesamin (-5.00). Lipinski rule of five revealed that all the compounds completely safe to be used as drug against CVD and specifically for HBB. It was concluded that bioactive compounds from sesame could be an alternative source of drug for CVD related problems and especially for HBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad 44010, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Younas
- Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carmen Vladulescu
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, University of Craiova, A. I Cuza 13, Craiva, 200585, Romania
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Sadeghi G, Dinani MS, Rabbani M. Effects of extracts and manna of Echinops cephalotes on impaired cognitive function induced by scopolamine in mice. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:167-177. [PMID: 39035579 PMCID: PMC11257209 DOI: 10.4103/rps.rps_27_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease specified by chronic and irreversible destruction of neurons. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different extracts (aqueous, hydroalcoholic, hexane, and ethyl acetate) and manna of Echinops cephalotes (EC) on impaired cognitive function induced by scopolamine in mice. EC is shown to have anti-cholinesterase-butyrylcholinesterase activities. Experimental approach In this study, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts, hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of EC (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, i.p.), and the manna (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, gavage) were administered for 14 days alongside scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.). Rivastigmine (reference drug) was administered for 2 weeks i.p. Mice were tested for their memory function using two behavioral models, object recognition test (ORT) and passive avoidance test (PAT). Findings/Results Administration of scopolamine significantly impaired memory function in both behavioral models. In the PAT model, all extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly reversed the effect of memory destruction caused by scopolamine. At a lower dose of 25 mg/kg, however, none of the extracts were able to significantly change the step-through latency time. In the ORT model, however, administration of all extracts at 50 and 100 mg/kg, significantly increased the recognition index. Only the manna and the aqueous extract at 25 mg/kg were able to reverse scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Conclusions and implications These results suggest that all forms of EC extracts improve memory impairment induced by scopolamine comparably to rivastigmine. Whether the effects are sustained over a longer period remains to be tested in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabbani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Balit T, Thonabulsombat C, Dharmasaroja P. Moringa oleifera leaf extract suppresses TIMM23 and NDUFS3 expression and alleviates oxidative stress induced by Aβ1-42 in neuronal cells via activation of Akt. Res Pharm Sci 2024; 19:105-120. [PMID: 39006971 PMCID: PMC11244708 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.394825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Oxidative stress plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL) extract has been shown to have antioxidant activities. Here, we studied the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of water-soluble MOL extract in an amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced oxidative stress model of AD. Experimental approach The effect of amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 and MOL extract on differentiated SH-SY5Y cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Cells were treated with Aβ1-42, MOL extract, or MOL extract followed by Aβ1-42. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by flow cytometry and dihydroethidium (DHE) assay, respectively. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of mitochondrial proteins TIMM23 and NDUFS3, apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 along with fluorescence analysis of caspase-3/7, and Akt phosphorylation. Findings/Results MOL extract pretreatment at 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL prevented ΔΨm reduction. At 100-μg/mL, MOL extract decreased TIMM23 and NDUFS3 proteins and DHE signals in Aβ1-42-treated cells. MOL extract pretreatment (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) also alleviated the apoptosis indicators, including Bax, caspase-3/7 intensity, and cleaved caspase-3, and increased Bcl-2 levels in Aβ1-42-treated cells, consistent with a reduction in the number of apoptotic cells. The protective effects of MOL extract were possibly mediated through Akt activation, evidenced by increased Akt phosphorylation. Conclusion and implications The neuroprotective effect of MOL extract could be mediated via the activation of Akt, leading to the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis in an Aβ1-42 model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatcha Balit
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Permphan Dharmasaroja
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
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Kania E, Long JS, McEwan DG, Welkenhuyzen K, La Rovere R, Luyten T, Halpin J, Lobbestael E, Baekelandt V, Bultynck G, Ryan KM, Parys JB. LRRK2 phosphorylation status and kinase activity regulate (macro)autophagy in a Rab8a/Rab10-dependent manner. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:436. [PMID: 37454104 PMCID: PMC10349885 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD), with growing importance also for Crohn's disease and cancer. LRRK2 is a large and complex protein possessing both GTPase and kinase activity. Moreover, LRRK2 activity and function can be influenced by its phosphorylation status. In this regard, many LRRK2 PD-associated mutants display decreased phosphorylation of the constitutive phosphorylation cluster S910/S935/S955/S973, but the role of these changes in phosphorylation status with respect to LRRK2 physiological functions remains unknown. Here, we propose that the S910/S935/S955/S973 phosphorylation sites act as key regulators of LRRK2-mediated autophagy under both basal and starvation conditions. We show that quadruple LRRK2 phosphomutant cells (4xSA; S910A/S935A/S955A/S973A) have impaired lysosomal functionality and fail to induce and proceed with autophagy during starvation. In contrast, treatment with the specific LRRK2 kinase inhibitors MLi-2 (100 nM) or PF-06447475 (150 nM), which also led to decreased LRRK2 phosphorylation of S910/S935/S955/S973, did not affect autophagy. In explanation, we demonstrate that the autophagy impairment due to the 4xSA LRRK2 phospho-dead mutant is driven by its enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity. We show mechanistically that this involves increased phosphorylation of LRRK2 downstream targets Rab8a and Rab10, as the autophagy impairment in 4xSA LRRK2 cells is counteracted by expression of phosphorylation-deficient mutants T72A Rab8a and T73A Rab10. Similarly, reduced autophagy and decreased LRRK2 phosphorylation at the constitutive sites were observed in cells expressing the pathological R1441C LRRK2 PD mutant, which also displays increased kinase activity. These data underscore the relation between LRRK2 phosphorylation at its constitutive sites and the importance of increased LRRK2 kinase activity in autophagy regulation and PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kania
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaclyn S Long
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - David G McEwan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsten Welkenhuyzen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita La Rovere
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Halpin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg B1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences & Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg B1023, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Jan B Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Campus Gasthuisberg O&NI - B802, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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MiR-146a-5p Contributes to Microglial Polarization Transitions Associated With AGEs. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3020-3033. [PMID: 36780120 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
M1/M2 polarization transitions of microglial phenotypes determine the states of neuroinflammation, which is critical in the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy. This study aims to investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the microglial polarization state, the role of miR-146a-5p in the regulation of microglial polarization, and the underlying signaling pathways. BV-2 cells were incubated with N-ε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), one kind of Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), to induce polarization. CD11b and iNOS and CD206 and Arg-1 were used to evaluate M1 and M2 microglia, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-146a-5p, transcription factor NF-κB, and inflammasome NLRP3 were measured. High and low expression of miR-146a-5p in the BV-2 cell line was generated by lentivirus transfection technology. RAGE, TLR-4, and NF-κB antagonists were applied to evaluate the underlying signaling pathways. Compared with the control group, CML upregulated the M1 phenotype and downregulated the M2 phenotype. These effects were reversed by overexpression of miR-146a. Furthermore, the expression of inflammasome NLRP3 and NF-κB was upregulated in the CML group and was reduced after miR-146a overexpression. And then overexpression of miR-146a effects was reversed by inhibition miR-146a expression. An NF-κB antagonist (PDTC), a RAGE antagonist (FPS-ZMI), and a TLR-4 antagonist (TLI-095) all reversed the polarization state induced by CML. In summary, CML induced polarization transitions to M1 phenotype and promoted inflammasome NLRP3 expression in BV-2 cells. The RAGE or TLR-4/miR-146a/NLRP3/NF-кB pathway might participate in the regulation of CML-induced BV-2 polarization.
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The emerging role of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Gelain DP, Bittencourt RR, Bastos Mendes LF, Moreira JCF, Outeiro TF. RAGE Against the Glycation Machine in Synucleinopathies: Time to Explore New Questions. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:717-728. [PMID: 37270812 PMCID: PMC10473104 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization and aggregation of misfolded forms of α-synuclein are believed to be key molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, so extensive research has attempted to understand these processes. Among diverse post-translational modifications that impact α-synuclein aggregation, glycation may take place at several lysine sites and modify α-synuclein oligomerization, toxicity, and clearance. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is considered a key regulator of chronic neuroinflammation through microglial activation in response to advanced glycation end products, such as carboxy-ethyl-lysine, or carboxy-methyl-lysine. The presence of RAGE in the midbrain of PD patients has been reported in the last decades and this receptor was proposed to have a role in sustaining PD neuroinflammation. However, different PD animal models demonstrated that RAGE is preferentially expressed in neurons and astrocytes, while recent evidence demonstrated that fibrillar, non-glycated α-synuclein binds to RAGE. Here, we summarize the available data on α-synuclein glycation and RAGE in the context of PD, and discuss about the questions yet to be answered that may increase our understanding of the molecular bases of PD and synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pens Gelain
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Reykla Ramon Bittencourt
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Bastos Mendes
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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A Study on the Protective Effect of sRAGE-MSCs in a Rodent Reperfusion Model of Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415630. [PMID: 36555270 PMCID: PMC9779272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major leading causes of death in humans globally. Recently, increased levels of recruited macrophages and AGE-albumin were observed in the hearts of humans and animals with acute myocardial infarction. Thus, the purposes of this study were to investigate whether the elevated levels of AGE-albumin from activated macrophage cells are implicated in ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte death and to develop therapeutic strategies for AMI based on its underlying molecular mechanisms with respect to AGEs. The present study demonstrated that activated macrophages and AGE-albumin were observed in heart tissues obtained from humans and rats with AMI incidences. In the cellular model of AMI, it was found that increased expression of AGE-albumin was shown to be co-localized with macrophages, and the presence of AGE-albumin led to increased expression of RAGE through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. After revealing cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by toxicity of the AGE-RAGE system, sRAGE-secreting MSCs were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 platform to investigate the therapeutic effects of sRAGE-MSCs in an AMI rat model. Gene-edited sRAGE-MSCs showed greater therapeutic effects against AMI pathogenesis in rat models compared to mock MSCs, and promising results of the functional improvement of stem cells could result in significant improvements in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Ravinther AI, Dewadas HD, Tong SR, Foo CN, Lin YE, Chien CT, Lim YM. Molecular Pathways Involved in LRRK2-Linked Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911744. [PMID: 36233046 PMCID: PMC9569706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases affecting the ageing population, with a prevalence that has doubled over the last 30 years. As the mechanism of the disease is not fully elucidated, the current treatments are unable to effectively prevent neurodegeneration. Studies have found that mutations in Leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, aberrant (higher) LRRK2 kinase activity has an influence in idiopathic PD as well. Hence, the aim of this review is to categorize and synthesize current information related to LRRK2-linked PD and present the factors associated with LRRK2 that can be targeted therapeutically. A systematic review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, SAGE, and Cochrane (January 2016 to July 2021). Search terms included “Parkinson’s disease”, “mechanism”, “LRRK2”, and synonyms in various combinations. The search yielded a total of 988 abstracts for initial review, 80 of which met the inclusion criteria. Here, we emphasize molecular mechanisms revealed in recent in vivo and in vitro studies. By consolidating the recent updates in the field of LRRK2-linked PD, researchers can further evaluate targets for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn Irvita Ravinther
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hemaniswarri Dewi Dewadas
- Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shi Ruo Tong
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Nien Foo
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang Mooi Lim
- Centre for Cancer Research, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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Li Y, Peng Y, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Yang X. Dietary polyphenols: regulate the advanced glycation end products-RAGE axis and the microbiota-gut-brain axis to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9816-9842. [PMID: 35587161 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2076064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in non-enzymatic reaction, oxidation, rearrangement and cross-linking between the active carbonyl groups of reducing sugars and the free amines of amino acids. The Maillard reaction is related to sensory characteristics in thermal processed food, while AGEs are formed in food matrix in this process. AGEs are a key link between carbonyl stress and neurodegenerative disease. AGEs can interact with receptors for AGEs (RAGE), causing oxidative stress, inflammation response and signal pathways activation related to neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to gut microbiota imbalance and intestinal inflammation. Polyphenols with multiple hydroxyl groups showed a powerful ability to scavenge ROS and capture α-dicarbonyl species, which led to the formation of mono- and di- adducts, thereby inhibiting AGEs formation. Neurodegenerative diseases can be effectively prevented by inhibiting AGEs production, and interaction with RAGEs, or regulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis. These strategies include polyphenols multifunctional effects on AGEs inhibition, RAGE-ligand interactions blocking, and regulating the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, and intestinal inflammation alleviation to delay or prevent neurodegenerative diseases progress. It is a wise and promising strategy to supplement dietary polyphenols for preventing neurodegenerative diseases via AGEs-RAGE axis and microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yao Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yunzhen Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Deep Processing Technology Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province Animal Protein Food, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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Blomgren F, Rodin A, Chrobak W, Pacut DW, Swenson J, Ermilova I. Two statins and cromolyn as possible drugs against the cytotoxicity of Aβ(31-35) and Aβ(25-35) peptides: a comparative study by advanced computer simulation methods. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13352-13366. [PMID: 35520132 PMCID: PMC9066867 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01963a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, possible effective mechanisms of cromolyn, atorvastatin and lovastatin on the cytotoxicity of Aβ(31-35) and Aβ(25-35) peptides were investigated by classical molecular dynamics and well-tempered metadynamics simulations. The results demonstrate that all the drugs affect the behavior of the peptides, such as their ability to aggregate, and alter their secondary structures and their affinity to a particular drug. Our findings from the computed properties suggest that the best drug candidate is lovastatin. This medicine inhibits peptide aggregation, adsorbs the peptides on the surface of the drug clusters, changes the secondary structure and binds to MET35, which has been seen as the reason for the toxicity of the studied peptide sequences. Moreover, lovastatin is the drug which previously has demonstrated the strongest ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and makes lovastatin the most promising medicine among the three investigated drugs. Atorvastatin is also seen as a potential candidate if its penetration through the blood-brain barrier could be improved. Otherwise, its properties are even better than the ones demonstrated by lovastatin. Cromolyn appears to be less interesting as an anti-aggregant from the computational data, in comparison to the two statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Blomgren
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
| | - Alexander Rodin
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
| | - Wojciech Chrobak
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
| | - Dawid Wojciech Pacut
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
| | - Jan Swenson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
| | - Inna Ermilova
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology Fysikgränd 4 Göteborg 41258 Sweden +46-728487773
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Chunduri A, Crusio WE, Delprato A. Narcolepsy in Parkinson's disease with insulin resistance. F1000Res 2022; 9:1361. [PMID: 34745571 PMCID: PMC8543173 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.27413.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by its progression of motor-related symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking and balance. Comorbid conditions in PD individuals include insulin resistance (IR) and narcolepsy-like sleep patterns. The intersecting sleep symptoms of both conditions include excessive daytime sleepiness, hallucinations, insomnia, and falling into REM sleep more quickly than an average person. Understanding of the biological basis and relationship of these comorbid disorders with PD may help with early detection and intervention strategies to improve quality of life. Methods: In this study, an integrative genomics and systems biology approach was used to analyze gene expression patterns associated with PD, IR, and narcolepsy in order to identify genes and pathways that may shed light on how these disorders are interrelated. A correlation analysis with known genes associated with these disorders (LRRK2, HLA-DQB1, and HCRT) was used to query microarray data corresponding to brain regions known to be involved in PD and narcolepsy. This includes the hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus, pons, and subcoeruleus nucleus. Risk factor genes for PD, IR, and narcolepsy were also incorporated into the analysis. Results: The PD and narcolepsy signaling networks are connected through insulin and immune system pathways. Important genes and pathways that link PD, narcolepsy, and IR are CACNA1C, CAMK1D, BHLHE41, HMGB1, and AGE-RAGE. Conclusions: We have identified the genetic signatures that link PD with its comorbid disorders, narcolepsy and insulin resistance, from the convergence and intersection of dopaminergic, insulin, and immune system related signaling pathways. These findings may aid in the design of early intervention strategies and treatment regimes for non-motor symptoms in PD patients as well as individuals with diabetes and narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chunduri
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 500075, India
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
| | - Wim E. Crusio
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287 University of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France
| | - Anna Delprato
- Department of Research and Education, BioScience Project, Wakefield, MA, 01880, USA
- Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Pessac, 33615, France
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Schuele LL, Schuermann B, Bilkei-Gorzo A, Gorgzadeh S, Zimmer A, Leidmaa E. Regulation of adult neurogenesis by the endocannabinoid-producing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLa). Sci Rep 2022; 12:633. [PMID: 35022487 PMCID: PMC8755832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system modulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting the proliferation and survival of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). This is demonstrated by the disruption of adult neurogenesis under two experimental conditions: (1) NSPC-specific deletion of cannabinoid receptors and (2) constitutive deletion of the enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLa) which produces the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). However, the specific cell types producing 2-AG relevant to neurogenesis remain unknown. Here we sought to identify the cellular source of endocannabinoids in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus, an important neurogenic niche. For this purpose, we used two complementary Cre-deleter mouse strains to delete Dagla either in neurons, or in astroglia and NSPCs. Surprisingly, neurogenesis was not altered in mice bearing a deletion of Dagla in neurons (Syn-Dagla KO), although neurons are the main source for the endocannabinoids in the brain. In contrast, a specific inducible deletion of Dagla in NPSCs and astrocytes (GLAST-CreERT2-Dagla KO) resulted in a strongly impaired neurogenesis with a 50% decrease in proliferation of newborn cells. These results identify Dagla in NSPCs in the DG or in astrocytes as a prominent regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We also show a reduction of Daglb expression in GLAST-CreERT2-Dagla KO mice, which may have contributed to the neurogenesis phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Louise Schuele
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Schuermann
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sara Gorgzadeh
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Este Leidmaa
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Guo T, Landau SM, Jagust WJ. Age, vascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease pathologies in amyloid negative elderly adults. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:174. [PMID: 34654465 PMCID: PMC8520216 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background We recently reported that CSF phosphorylated tau (p-Tau181) relative to Aβ40 (CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 ratio) was less noisy and increased associations with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers compared to CSF p-Tau181 alone. While elevations of CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 can occur in amyloid-β (Aβ) negative (Aβ-) individuals, the factors associated with these elevations and their role in neurodegeneration and cognitive decline are unknown. We aim to explore factors associated with elevated tau in CSF, and how these elevated tau are related to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in the absence of Aβ positivity. Methods We examined relationships between CSF p-Tau/Aβ40, and CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, Aβ PET, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) as well as vascular risk factors in 149 cognitively unimpaired and 52 impaired individuals who were presumably not on the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathway due to negative Aβ status on both CSF and PET. Subgroups had 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET and adjusted hippocampal volume (aHCV), and longitudinal measures of CSF, aHCV, FDG PET, and cognition data, so we examined CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 associations with these measures as well. Results Elevated CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 was associated with older age, male sex, greater WMH, and hypertension as well as a pattern of hippocampal atrophy and temporoparietal hypometabolism characteristic of AD. Lower CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, higher WMH, and hypertension but not age, sex, Aβ PET, APOE-ε4 status, body mass index, smoking, and hyperlipidemia at baseline predicted CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 increases over approximately 5 years of follow-up. The relationship between CSF p-Tau/Aβ40 and subsequent cognitive decline was partially or fully explained by neurodegenerative measurements. Conclusions These data provide surprising clues as to the etiology and significance of tau pathology in the absence of Aβ. It seems likely that, in addition to age, both cerebrovascular disease and subthreshold levels of Aβ are related to this tau accumulation. Crucially, this phenotype of CSF tau elevation in amyloid-negative individuals share features with AD such as a pattern of metabolic decline and regional brain atrophy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00913-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No.5 Kelian Road, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Ullah MA, Johora FT, Sarkar B, Araf Y, Ahmed N, Nahar AN, Akter T. Computer-assisted evaluation of plant-derived β-secretase inhibitors in Alzheimer’s disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative age-related dementia that results in memory loss of elderly people. Many hypotheses have been formally articulated till now to decipher the pathogenesis of this disease. According to the compelling amyloidogenic hypothesis, β-secretase is a key regulatory enzyme in AD development and is therefore considered as one of the major targets for the development of drugs to treat AD. In this study, 40 plant-derived phytocompounds, proven to have β-secretase inhibitory activity in different laboratory experiments, were evaluated using computational approaches in order to identify the best possible β-secretase inhibitor(s).
Results
Amentoflavone (IFD score: − 7.842 Kcal/mol), Bilobetin (IFD score: − 7.417 Kcal/mol), and Ellagic acid (IFD score: − 6.923 Kcal/mol) showed highest β-secretase inhibitory activities with high binding affinity among all the selected phytocompounds and interacted with key amino acids, i.e., Asp32, Tyr71, and Asp228 in the catalytic site of β-secretase. Moreover, these three molecules exhibited promising results in different drug potential assessment experiments and displayed signs of correlation with significant pharmacological and biological activities.
Conclusion
Amentoflavone, Biolbetin, and Ellagic acid could be investigated further in developing β-secretase-dependent drug for the effective treatment of AD. However, additional in vivo and in vitro experiments might be required to strengthen the findings of this experiment.
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Kuzan A. Toxicity of advanced glycation end products (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 14:46. [PMID: 33786175 PMCID: PMC7995243 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids glycated nonenzymatically by glucose, or other reducing sugars and their derivatives, such as glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, methyloglyoxal and acetaldehyde. There are three different means of AGE formation: i) Maillard reactions, the polyol pathway and lipid peroxidation. AGEs participate in the pathological mechanisms underlying the development of several diseases, such as diabetes and its complications, retinopathy or neuropathy, neurological disorders (for example, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease), atherosclerosis, hypertension and several types of cancer. AGE levels are increased in patients with hyperglycaemia, and is likely the result of the high concentration of glycation substrates circulating in the blood. The present review summarises the formation and nomenclature of advanced glycation end-products, with an emphasis on the role of AGEs in the development of diabetes, neurological disorders, as well as in cancer and other pathologies. A particular focus is placed on the functions of toxic AGEs. Additionally, studies which have shown the cytotoxicity of glycated albumin and other AGEs are also discussed. Finally, the diagnostic relevance of AGEs as well as for targeting in therapeutic strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław 50-368, Poland
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21
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Identification of Targets from LRRK2 Rescue Phenotypes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010076. [PMID: 33466414 PMCID: PMC7824855 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative condition. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most frequent cause of sporadic and autosomal dominant PD. The exact role of LRRK2 protective variants (R1398H, N551K) together with a pathogenic mutant (G2019S) in aging and neurodegeneration is unknown. We generated the following myc-tagged UAS-LRRK2 transgenic Drosophila: LRRK2 (WT), N551K, R1398H, G2019S single allele, and double-mutants (N551K/G2019S or R1398H/G2019S). The protective variants alone were able to suppress the phenotypic effects caused by the pathogenic LRRK2 mutation. Next, we conducted RNA-sequencing using mRNA isolated from dopaminergic neurons of these different groups of transgenic Drosophila. Using pathway enrichment analysis, we identified the top 10 modules (p < 0.05), with “LRRK2 in neurons in Parkinson’s disease” among the candidates. Further dissection of this pathway identified the most significantly modulated gene nodes such as eEF1A2, ACTB, eEF1A, and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. The induction of the pathway was successfully restored by the R1398H protective variant and R1398H-G2019S or N551K-G2019S rescue experiments. The oxidoreductase family of genes was also active in the pathogenic mutant and restored in protective and rescue variants. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of LRRK2 variants. RNA sequencing of dopaminergic neurons identified upregulation of specific gene pathways in the Drosophila carrying the pathogenic variant, and this was restored in the rescue phenotypes. Using protective gene variants, our study identifies potential new targets and provides proof of principle of a new therapeutic approach that will further our understanding of aging and neurodegeneration in PD.
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Sharma A, Kaur S, Sarkar M, Sarin BC, Changotra H. The AGE-RAGE Axis and RAGE Genetics in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 60:244-258. [PMID: 33170477 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous group of lung diseases limiting the airflow due to narrowing of airways, chronic bronchitis and emphysema that leads to difficulties in breathing. Chronic inflammation is another important characteristic of COPD which leads to immune cell infiltration and helps in the alveolar destruction. Pathology of COPD is driven by various environmental and genetic factors. COPD is mainly associated with the inhalation of toxic agents mainly the cigarette smoke. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has emerged as a pattern recognition receptor and is a multiligand receptor expressed moderately in various cells, tissues and highly in the lungs throughout life. RAGE recognizes various ligands produced by cigarette smoke and its role has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. RAGE ligands have been reported to accumulate in the lungs of patients with COPD. RAGE is a membrane receptor but its truncated form i.e. soluble RAGE (sRAGE) mainly functions as a contender of RAGE and inhibits various RAGE dependent cell signalling. Among the various ligands of RAGE, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are majorly linked with COPD. Accumulated AGE triggers downstream RAGE-AGE axis in COPD. Moreover, RAGE genetics has long been known to play a vital role in the pathology of various airway diseases including COPD and this gene contains an associated locus. A reliable biomarker is needed for the management of this disease. sRAGE has an inverse correlation with the RAGE showed its importance as a valuable marker in COPD. This review is focused on the role of RAGE, sRAGE, RAGE axis and RAGE genetics in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
| | - Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India
| | - Malay Sarkar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171 001, India
| | - B C Sarin
- Department of Chest and TB, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah, Amritsar, 143 501, India
| | - Harish Changotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 234, India.
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23
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Wan J, Wu X, Chen H, Xia X, Song X, Chen S, Lu X, Jin J, Su Q, Cai D, Liu B, Li B. Aging-induced aberrant RAGE/PPARα axis promotes hepatic steatosis via dysfunctional mitochondrial β oxidation. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13238. [PMID: 32936538 PMCID: PMC7576254 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by an increase in hepatic triglyceride (TG) content, is the most common liver disease worldwide. Aging has been shown to increase susceptibility to NAFLD; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, we examined hepatic TG content and gene expression profiles in body weight‐matched young (3 months old), middle‐aged (10 months old), and old (20 months old) C57BL/6 mice and found that TGs were markedly accumulated while mitochondrial β‐oxidation‐related genes, including PPARα, were downregulated in the liver of old mice. In addition, advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE), a key regulator of glucose metabolism, was upregulated in the old mice. Mechanistically, suppression of RAGE upregulated PPARα and its downstream target genes, which in turn led to reduced TG retention. Finally, we found that hepatic RAGE expression was increased in aging patients, a finding that correlated with decreased PPARα levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the upregulation of RAGE may play a critical role in aging‐associated liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery XinHua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hanbei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology XinHua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Xi Song
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xinyuan Lu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Endocrinology XinHua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology XinHua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Dongsheng Cai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Diabetes Research Center Institute of Aging Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine Huangshi China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology XinHua Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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24
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Østergaard FG, Himmelberg MM, Laursen B, Siebner HR, Wade AR, Christensen KV. Classification of α-synuclein-induced changes in the AAV α-synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease using electrophysiological measurements of visual processing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11869. [PMID: 32681050 PMCID: PMC7368019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers suitable for early diagnosis and monitoring disease progression are the cornerstone of developing disease-modifying treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Besides motor complications, PD is also characterized by deficits in visual processing. Here, we investigate how virally-mediated overexpression of α-synuclein in the substantia nigra pars compacta impacts visual processing in a well-established rodent model of PD. After a unilateral injection of vector, human α-synuclein was detected in the striatum and superior colliculus (SC). In parallel, there was a significant delay in the latency of the transient VEPs from the affected side of the SC in late stages of the disease. Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase using PFE360 failed to rescue the VEP delay and instead increased the latency of the VEP waveform. A support vector machine classifier accurately classified rats according to their `disease state' using frequency-domain data from steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). Overall, these findings indicate that the latency of the rodent VEP is sensitive to changes mediated by the increased expression of α-synuclein and especially when full overexpression is obtained, whereas the SSVEP facilitated detection of α-synuclein across reflects all stages of PD model progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freja Gam Østergaard
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark.
- GELIFES, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marc M Himmelberg
- Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Bettina Laursen
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegård Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Alex R Wade
- Department of Psychology, The University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kenneth Vielsted Christensen
- Department of Translational Biology, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
- Institut de Recherches Servier - IDRS, 125 Chemin de Ronde, 78290, Croissy sur Seine, France
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25
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Autophagy lysosomal pathway dysfunction in Parkinson's disease; evidence from human genetics. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 73:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Suthprasertporn N, Mingchinda N, Fukunaga K, Thangnipon W. Neuroprotection of SAK3 on scopolamine-induced cholinergic dysfunction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:155-164. [PMID: 31933104 PMCID: PMC7002707 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of senile dementia. A number of factors have been proposed regarding pathology of AD, such as presence of β-amyloid, and cholinergic and oxidative stress. SAK3 (ethyl 8'-methyl-2',5-dioxo-2-piperidin-1-ylspiro[cyclopentene-3,3'-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine]-1-carboxylate) reduces β-amyloid deposition and improves cognitive functions in amyloid precursor protein knock-in mice. Scopolamine is used to induce in cell lines a cholinergic deficit that mimics AD. In order to evaluate the possible neuroprotective properties of SAK3, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with the compound (25-100 nM) and further incubated in the presence of scopolamine (2 mM). SAK3 inhibited scopolamine-induced cellular apoptosis (morphologically and by determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic factor levels), increase in ROS levels, decrease in choline acetyltransferase level, phosphorylation of NF-κB, activation of Akt, JNK and p38 intracellular signaling pathways, and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, but not enhanced level of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). These results indicate SAK3 possessed protective properties against cholinergic deficit associated with anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting that SAK3 might be a potential agent in the development of AD drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nopparat Suthprasertporn
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nopparada Mingchinda
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Wipawan Thangnipon
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand.
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27
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Karvani M, Simos P, Stavrakaki S, Kapoukranidou D. Neurocognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:523-534. [PMID: 31522366 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-019-00128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that cognitive impairment could be a diabetes mellitus-related complication. It has been suggested that diabetic people are at increased risk of cognitive decline, since the metabolic and vascular disturbances of the disease affect brain function. Additionally, prolonged exposure to olther potential detrimental factors leads to irreversible cognitive decrements over time due to the aging process. Neurocognitive impairment signifies decreased performance in cognitive domains such as verbal and nonverbal memory, both immediate and delayed memory, executive function, attention, visuospatial and psychomotor performance, information processing speed, semantic knowledge, and language abilities. The aim of the present article is to review the existing literature on the issue of the neurocognitive decline in type 2 diabetes. A literature search of databases was performed, using as keywords "diabetes" and "cognitive impairment," and the reference list of papers so identified were examined, with only English language papers being used. Understanding and preventing diabetes-associated cognitive deficits remains a key priority for future research. It is important to ascertain whether interventions to delay diabetes onset or better control of established disease could prevent some of its adverse effects on cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Karvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - P Simos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Herakleion, Crete, Greece
| | - S Stavrakaki
- Department of Italian Language and Literature, School of Philosophy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Kapoukranidou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Waragai M, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Fujita M, Ali A, Hsieh MHI, Hashimoto M. Current and future clinical utilities of Parkinson's disease and dementia biomarkers: can they help us conquer the disease? Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1149-1161. [PMID: 31359797 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1649141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are essential, not only for disease detection, but also provide insight into potential disease relationships leading to better detection and therapy. As metabolic disease is known to increase neurodegeneration risk, such mechanisms may reveal such novel targets for PD and AD. Moreover, metabolic disease, including insulin resistance, offer novel biomarker and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration, including glucagon-like-peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and adiponectin. Areas covered: The authors reviewed PubMed-listed research articles, including ours, on a number of putative PD, AD and neurodegenerative disease targets of interest, focusing on the relevance of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance mechanisms, especially type II diabetes, to PD and AD. We highlighted various issues surrounding the current state of knowledge and propose avenues for future development. Expert opinion: Biomarkers for PD and AD are indispensable for disease diagnosis, prognostication and tracking disease severity, especially for clinical therapy trials. Although no validated PD biomarkers exist, their potential utility has generated tremendous interest. Combining insulin-resistance biomarkers with other core biomarkers or using them to predict non-motor symptoms of PD may be clinically useful. Collectively, although still unclear, potential biomarkers and therapies can aid in shedding new light on novel aspects of both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
| | | | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Masayo Fujita
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Alysha Ali
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
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