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Liu Y, Huang W, Wen J, Xiong X, Xu T, Wang Q, Chen X, Zhao X, Li S, Li X, Yang W. Differential distribution of PINK1 and Parkin in the primate brain implies distinct roles. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1124-1134. [PMID: 38989951 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00028/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration. However, it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains. This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals. Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin. Recently, we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form (PINK1-55) in the primate brain. In the present study, we used multiple antibodies, including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1, to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain. We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages, which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains. PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations, whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution. Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes, though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress. These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau CNS Regeneration Institute of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Ramazi S, Dadzadi M, Darvazi M, Seddigh N, Allahverdi A. Protein modification in neurodegenerative diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e674. [PMID: 39105197 PMCID: PMC11298556 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications play a crucial role in governing cellular functions and protein behavior. Researchers have implicated dysregulated posttranslational modifications in protein misfolding, which results in cytotoxicity, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease. These aberrant posttranslational modifications cause proteins to gather in certain parts of the brain that are linked to the development of the diseases. This leads to neuronal dysfunction and the start of neurodegenerative disease symptoms. Cognitive decline and neurological impairments commonly manifest in neurodegenerative disease patients, underscoring the urgency of comprehending the posttranslational modifications' impact on protein function for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review elucidates the critical link between neurodegenerative diseases and specific posttranslational modifications, focusing on Tau, APP, α-synuclein, Huntingtin protein, Parkin, DJ-1, and Drp1. By delineating the prominent aberrant posttranslational modifications within Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease, the review underscores the significance of understanding the interplay among these modifications. Emphasizing 10 key abnormal posttranslational modifications, this study aims to provide a comprehensive framework for investigating neurodegenerative diseases holistically. The insights presented herein shed light on potential therapeutic avenues aimed at modulating posttranslational modifications to mitigate protein aggregation and retard neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ramazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Maedeh Dadzadi
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mona Darvazi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Nasrin Seddigh
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Advanced Science and TechnologyTehran Medical SciencesIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Abdollah Allahverdi
- Department of BiophysicsFaculty of Biological SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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3
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Zhang Y. Parkin, a Parkinson's disease-associated protein, mediates the mitophagy that plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105808. [PMID: 39047792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a complex mood disorder with multifactorial etiology and is also the most frequent non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease. Emerging research suggests a potential link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. By synthesizing current knowledge and research findings, this review sheds light on the intricate relationship between Parkin, a protein classically associated with Parkinson's disease, and mitochondrial quality control mechanisms (e.g., mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitochondrial dynamic), specifically focusing on their relevance in the context of depression. Additionally, the present review discusses therapeutic strategies targeting Parkin-medicated mitophagy and calls for further research in this field. These findings suggest promise for the development of novel depression treatments through modulating Parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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4
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Zenge C, Ordureau A. Ubiquitin system mutations in neurological diseases. Trends Biochem Sci 2024:S0968-0004(24)00154-3. [PMID: 38972780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal ubiquitin balance impacts the fate of countless cellular proteins, and its disruption is associated with various neurological disorders. The ubiquitin system is critical for proper neuronal cell state transitions and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins that threaten cellular integrity. This article reviews the state of and recent advancements in our understanding of the disruptions to components of the ubiquitin system, in particular E3 ligases and deubiquitylases, in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Specific focus is on enzymes with recent progress in their characterization, including identifying enzyme-substrate pairs, the use of stem cell and animal models, and the development of therapeutics for ubiquitin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Zenge
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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5
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Zhao J, Wang J, Zhao K, Zhang Y, Hu W. Protopanaxadiols Eliminate Behavioral Impairments and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease Mice Model. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1751-1761. [PMID: 38551796 PMCID: PMC11144128 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapies to cure Parkinson's disease (PD), which is the second most common neurodegenerative disease primarily characterized by motor dysfunction and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Protopanaxadiols (PPDs), including 20 (R)- protopanaxadiol (R-PPD) and 20 (S)- protopanaxadiol (S-PPD), are main metabolites of ginsenosides. The role of ginsenosides in neurodegenerative diseases has been thoroughly studied, however, it is unknown whether PPDs can attenuate behavioral deficits and dopaminergic neuron injury in PD model mice to date. Here, we administered PPDs to MPTP-induced PD model mice and monitored the effects on behavior and dopaminergic neurons to investigate the effects of R-PPD and S-PPD against PD. Our results showed that R-PPD and S-PPD (at a dose of 20 mg/kg, i.g.) treatment alleviated MPTP (30 mg/kg, i.p.) induced behavioral deficits. Besides, R-PPD and S-PPD protected MPP+-induced neuron injury and mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced the abnormal expression of Cyt C, Bax, caspase-3 and Bcl-2. These findings demonstrate that R-PPD and S-PPD were potentially useful to ameliorate PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica &Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunying Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
- College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Goldman C, Kareva T, Sarrafha L, Schuldt BR, Sahasrabudhe A, Ahfeldt T, Blanchard JW. Genetically Encoded and Modular SubCellular Organelle Probes (GEM-SCOPe) reveal lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction driven by PRKN knockout. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.21.594886. [PMID: 38979135 PMCID: PMC11230217 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.594886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular processes including lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in the development of many diseases. Quantitative visualization of mitochondria and lysosoesl is crucial to understand how these organelles are dysregulated during disease. To address a gap in live-imaging tools, we developed GEM-SCOPe (Genetically Encoded and Modular SubCellular Organelle Probes), a modular toolbox of fluorescent markers designed to inform on localization, distribution, turnover, and oxidative stress of specific organelles. We expressed GEM-SCOPe in differentiated astrocytes and neurons from a human pluripotent stem cell PRKN-knockout model of Parkinson's disease and identified disease-associated changes in proliferation, lysosomal distribution, mitochondrial transport and turnover, and reactive oxygen species. We demonstrate GEM-SCOPe is a powerful panel that provide critical insight into the subcellular mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease in human cells. GEM-SCOPe can be expanded upon and applied to a diversity of cellular models to glean an understanding of the mechanisms that promote disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Goldman
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Kareva
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lily Sarrafha
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braxton R. Schuldt
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abhishek Sahasrabudhe
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel W. Blanchard
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Lead Contact
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7
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Banerjee R, Ghanty R, Jagtap S, Holla V, Kamble N, Yadav R, Pal PK, Datta I. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (NIMHi015-A) from a Parkinson's Disease patient harbouring a homozygous Exon 3 deletion in the PRKN gene. Stem Cell Res 2024; 77:103440. [PMID: 38739971 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The Parkin (PRKN) gene mutation is prevalent in young-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), typically emerging before age 30, accompanied by early motor symptoms. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a PD patient with an exon 3 deletion in PRKN using Sendai-virus reprogramming. PD diagnosis was confirmed via the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Characterization of the iPSC line ensured self-renewal and pluripotency. This resource serves as a valuable platform for drug screening and elucidating the pathophysiology of this mutation, facilitating advancements in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roon Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Rituparna Ghanty
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Soham Jagtap
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikram Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India.
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8
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Mahmoudian Esfahani M, Mostashfi M, Vaheb Hosseinabadi S, Hashemi MS, Peymani M, Zohrabi D, Angaji SA, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Unveiling the regulatory of miR-101-3p on ZNF746 in a Parkinson's disease cell model: Implications for therapeutic targeting. Neurosci Res 2024; 203:18-27. [PMID: 38103579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the regulatory role of microRNA miR-101-3p on the zinc finger protein 746 (ZNF746), also known as PARIS, which is implicated in both sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease. In a Parkinson's disease cell model, utilizing SH-SY5Y cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), we observed that miR-101-3p was downregulated, while ZNF746 was upregulated. To investigate the direct impact of miR-101-3p on ZNF746, our team conducted overexpression experiments, successfully reversing ZNF746's expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, as confirmed through quantitative PCR and western blotting. We also performed luciferase assays, providing compelling evidence that ZNF746 is a direct target of miR-101-3p. Additionally, we noted that miR-101-3p overexpression resulted in increased expression of PGC1α, a gene targeted by ZNF746. Functionally, we assessed the implications of miR-101-3p overexpression through MTS assays and flow cytometry, revealing significant promotion of cell viability, inhibition of ROS production, and reduced apoptosis in the Parkinson's disease cell model. In conclusion, this study highlights the role of miR-101-3p in regulating ZNF746 expression and suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. These findings provide valuable molecular insights that could pave the way for innovative treatment strategies in combating this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Mostashfi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Motahare-Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Dina Zohrabi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Busquets O, Li H, Mohieddin Syed K, Jerez PA, Dunnack J, Bu RL, Verma Y, Pangilinan GR, Martin A, Straub J, Du Y, Simon VM, Poser S, Bush Z, Diaz J, Sahagun A, Gao J, Hernandez DG, Levine KS, Booth EO, Bateup HS, Rio DC, Hockemeyer D, Blauwendraat C, Soldner F. iSCORE-PD: an isogenic stem cell collection to research Parkinson's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579917. [PMID: 38405931 PMCID: PMC10888955 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Genome-edited human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer the uniique potential to advance our understanding of PD etiology by providing disease-relevant cell-types carrying patient mutations along with isogenic control cells. To facilitate this experimental approach, we generated a collection of 55 cell lines genetically engineered to harbor mutations in genes associated with monogenic PD (SNCA A53T, SNCA A30P, PRKN Ex3del, PINK1 Q129X, DJ1/PARK7 Ex1-5del, LRRK2 G2019S, ATP13A2 FS, FBXO7 R498X/FS, DNAJC6 c.801 A>G+FS, SYNJ1 R258Q/FS, VPS13C A444P, VPS13C W395C, GBA1 IVS2+1). All mutations were generated in a fully characterized and sequenced female human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line (WIBR3; NIH approval number NIHhESC-10-0079) using CRISPR/Cas9 or prime editing-based approaches. We implemented rigorous quality controls, including high density genotyping to detect structural variants and confirm the genomic integrity of each cell line. This systematic approach ensures the high quality of our stem cell collection, highlights differences between conventional CRISPR/Cas9 and prime editing and provides a roadmap for how to generate gene-edited hPSCs collections at scale in an academic setting. We expect that our isogenic stem cell collection will become an accessible platform for the study of PD, which can be used by investigators to understand the molecular pathophysiology of PD in a human cellular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hanqin Li
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Khaja Mohieddin Syed
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jesse Dunnack
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Riana Lo Bu
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Yogendra Verma
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gabriella R. Pangilinan
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Annika Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jannes Straub
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - YuXin Du
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vivien M. Simon
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Steven Poser
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Zipporiah Bush
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Diaz
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Atehsa Sahagun
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jianpu Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dena G. Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristin S. Levine
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ezgi O. Booth
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Helen S. Bateup
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Donald C. Rio
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank Soldner
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Lead contact
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11
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Song C, Xu Y, Peng Q, Chen R, Zhou D, Cheng K, Cai W, Liu T, Huang C, Fu Z, Wei C, Liu Z. Mitochondrial dysfunction: a new molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2249-2260. [PMID: 37925665 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a chronic degenerative orthopedic illness that causes lower back pain as a typical clinical symptom, severely reducing patients' quality of life and work efficiency, and imposing a significant economic burden on society. IVDD is defined by rapid extracellular matrix breakdown, nucleus pulposus cell loss, and an inflammatory response. It is intimately related to the malfunction or loss of myeloid cells among them. Many mechanisms have been implicated in the development of IVDD, including inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cellular autophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In recent years, mitochondrial dysfunction has become a hot research topic in age-related diseases. As the main source of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in myeloid cells, mitochondria are essential for maintaining myeloid cell survival and physiological functions. METHODS We searched the PUBMED database with the search term "intervertebral disc degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction" and obtained 82 articles, and after reading the abstracts and eliminating 30 irrelevant articles, we finally obtained 52 usable articles. RESULTS Through a review of the literature, it was discovered that IVDD and cellular mitochondrial dysfunction are also linked. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the advancement of IVDD by influencing a number of pathophysiologic processes such as mitochondrial fission/fusion, mitochondrial autophagy, cellular senescence, and cell death. CONCLUSION We examine the molecular mechanisms of IVDD-associated mitochondrial dysfunction and present novel directions for quality management of mitochondrial dysfunction as a treatment approach to IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Daqian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiye Cai
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chenyi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zhijiang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Cong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bone-setting), Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Orthopedic and Traumatic Diseases Prevention and Treatment, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Longmatan District, No.182, Chunhui Road, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
- Luzhou Longmatan District People's Hospital, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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12
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Pavan C, Jin J, Jong S, Strbenac D, Davis RL, Sue CM, Johnston J, Lynch T, Halliday G, Kirik D, Parish CL, Thompson LH, Ovchinnikov DA. Generation of the iPSC line FINi002-A from a male Parkinson's disease patient carrying compound heterozygous mutations in the PRKN gene. Stem Cell Res 2023; 73:103211. [PMID: 37890334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease (PD) are mutations in the PRKN/PARK2 gene encoding an E3 ubiquitin protein-ligase PARKIN. We report the generation of an iPSC cell line from the fibroblasts of a male PD patient carrying a common missense variant in exon 7 (p.Arg275Trp), and a 133 kb deletion encompassing exon 8, using transiently-present Sendai virus. The established line displays typical human primed iPSC morphology and expression of pluripotency-associated markers, normal karyotype without SNP array-detectable copy number variations and can give rise to derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. We envisage the usefulness of this iPSC line, carrying a common and well-studied missense mutation in the RING1 domain of the PARKIN protein, for the elucidation of PARKIN-dependent mechanisms of PD using in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pavan
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - J Jin
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - S Jong
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - D Strbenac
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R L Davis
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C M Sue
- Neuroscience Research Australia and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | | | - T Lynch
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, D07 R2WY, Ireland
| | - G Halliday
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D Kirik
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Lund University, Lund, 22184 Sweden
| | - C L Parish
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
| | - L H Thompson
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - D A Ovchinnikov
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia
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13
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Henrich MT, Oertel WH, Surmeier DJ, Geibl FF. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease - a key disease hallmark with therapeutic potential. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:83. [PMID: 37951933 PMCID: PMC10640762 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is strongly implicated in the etiology of idiopathic and genetic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, strategies aimed at ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction, including antioxidants, antidiabetic drugs, and iron chelators, have failed in disease-modification clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the cellular determinants of mitochondrial dysfunction, including impairment of electron transport chain complex 1, increased oxidative stress, disturbed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, and cellular bioenergetic deficiency. In addition, we outline mitochondrial pathways to neurodegeneration in the current context of PD pathogenesis, and review past and current treatment strategies in an attempt to better understand why translational efforts thus far have been unsuccessful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Henrich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Fanni F Geibl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Russo T, Kolisnyk B, Aswathy BS, Wan Kim T, Martin J, Plessis-Belair J, Ni J, Pearson JA, Park EJ, Sher RB, Studer L, Riessland M. The SATB1-MIR22-GBA axis mediates glucocerebroside accumulation inducing a cellular senescence-like phenotype in dopaminergic neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549710. [PMID: 37503189 PMCID: PMC10370136 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is associated with neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis. The underlying cause of PD and the concurrent neuroinflammation are not well understood. In this study, we utilized human and murine neuronal lines, stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons, and mice to demonstrate that three previously identified genetic risk factors for PD, namely SATB1, MIR22HG, and GBA, are components of a single gene regulatory pathway. Our findings indicate that dysregulation of this pathway leads to the upregulation of glucocerebrosides (GluCer), which triggers a cellular senescence-like phenotype in dopaminergic neurons. Specifically, we discovered that downregulation of the transcriptional repressor SATB1 results in the derepression of the microRNA miR-22-3p, leading to decreased GBA expression and subsequent accumulation of GluCer. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that an increase in GluCer alone is sufficient to impair lysosomal and mitochondrial function, thereby inducing cellular senescence dependent on S100A9 and stress factors. Dysregulation of the SATB1-MIR22-GBA pathway, observed in both PD patients and normal aging, leads to lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction due to the GluCer accumulation, ultimately resulting in a cellular senescence-like phenotype in dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, our study highlights a novel pathway involving three genetic risk factors for PD and provides a potential mechanism for the senescence-induced neuroinflammation and reactive gliosis observed in both PD and normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Russo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Benjamin Kolisnyk
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - BS Aswathy
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Martin
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jonathan Plessis-Belair
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jason Ni
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jordan A. Pearson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Emily J. Park
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roger B. Sher
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Markus Riessland
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Nervous System Disorders; Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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15
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Siswanto FM, Okukawa K, Tamura A, Oguro A, Imaoka S. Hydrogen peroxide activates APE1/Ref-1 via NF-κB and Parkin: A role in liver cancer resistance to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2023:1-31. [PMID: 37364176 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2229509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit an altered redox balance and aberrant redox signaling due to genetic, metabolic, and microenvironment-associated reprogramming. Persistently elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to many aspects of tumor development and progression. Emerging studies demonstrated the vital role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 or reduction/oxidation (redox) factor 1(APE1/Ref-1) in the oxidative stress response and survival of cancer cells. APE1/Ref-1 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the DNA damage response and functions as a redox regulator of transcription factors. We herein demonstrated that basal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and APE1/Ref-1 expression levels were markedly higher in cancer cell lines than in non-cancerous cells. Elevated APE1/Ref-1 levels were associated with shorter survival in liver cancer patients. Mechanistically, we showed that H2O2 activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). RelA/p65 inhibited the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, possibly by interfering with ATF4 activity. Parkin was responsible for the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of APE1/Ref-1; therefore, the H2O2-induced suppression of Parkin expression increased APE1/Ref-1 levels. The probability of survival was lower in liver cancer patients with low Parkin and high RelA expression levels. Additionally, Parkin and RelA expression levels negatively and positively correlated with APE1/Ref-1 levels, respectively, in the TCGA liver cancer cohort. We concluded that increases in APE1/Ref-1 via the NF-κB and Parkin pathways are critical for cancer cell survival under oxidative stress. The present results show the potential of the NF-κB-Parkin-APE1/Ref-1 axis as a prognostic factor and therapeutic strategy to eradicate liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferbian Milas Siswanto
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kenta Okukawa
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tamura
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Ami Oguro
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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16
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Quintero-Espinosa DA, Sanchez-Hernandez S, Velez-Pardo C, Martin F, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. LRRK2 Knockout Confers Resistance in HEK-293 Cells to Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Damage, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10474. [PMID: 37445652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) has been linked to dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial impairment, and increased cell death in idiopathic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how exactly this kinase participates in the OS-mitochondria-apoptosis connection is still unknown. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 LRRK2 knockout (KO) in the human embryonic kidney cell line 293 (HEK-293) to evaluate the cellular response to the mitochondrial inhibitor complex I rotenone (ROT), a well-known OS and cell death inducer. We report successful knockout of the LRRK2 gene in HEK-293 cells using CRISPR editing (ICE, approximately 60%) and flow cytometry (81%) analyses. We found that HEK-293 LRRK2 WT cells exposed to rotenone (ROT, 50 μM) resulted in a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS, +7400%); oxidized DJ-1-Cys106-SO3 (+52%); phosphorylation of LRRK2 (+70%) and c-JUN (+171%); enhanced expression of tumor protein (TP53, +2000%), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA, +1950%), and Parkin (PRKN, +22%); activation of caspase 3 (CASP3, +8000%), DNA fragmentation (+35%) and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, -58%) and PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1, -49%) when compared to untreated cells. The translocation of the cytoplasmic fission protein dynamin-related Protein 1 (DRP1) to mitochondria was also observed by colocalization with translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20). Outstandingly, HEK-293 LRRK2 KO cells treated with ROT showed unaltered OS and apoptosis markers. We conclude that loss of LRRK2 causes HEK-293 to be resistant to ROT-induced OS, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in vitro. Our data support the hypothesis that LRRK2 acts as a proapoptotic kinase by regulating mitochondrial proteins (e.g., PRKN, PINK1, DRP1, and PUMA), transcription factors (e.g., c-JUN and TP53), and CASP3 in cells under stress conditions. Taken together, these observations suggest that LRRK2 is an important kinase in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alejandra Quintero-Espinosa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, University Research Headquarters, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Laboratory 411/412, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Sabina Sanchez-Hernandez
- Genomic Medicine Department, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Parque Tecnólogico Ciencias de la Salud, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, University Research Headquarters, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Laboratory 411/412, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Francisco Martin
- Genomic Medicine Department, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Parque Tecnólogico Ciencias de la Salud, Av. de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 3 and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigacion 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, University Research Headquarters, Calle 62#52-59, Building 1, Laboratory 411/412, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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17
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Kamienieva I, Charzyńska A, Duszyński J, Malińska D, Szczepanowska J. In search for mitochondrial biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: Findings in parkin-mutant human fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166787. [PMID: 37302428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are idiopathic, with unknown aetiology and genetic background. However, approximately 10 % of cases are caused by defined genetic mutations, among which mutations in the parkin gene are the most common. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of both idiopathic and genetic PD. However, the data on mitochondrial changes reported by different studies are inconsistent, which can reflect the variability in genetic background of the disease. Mitochondria, as a plastic and dynamic organelles, are the first place in the cell to respond to external and internal stress. In this work, we characterized mitochondrial function and dynamics (network morphology and turnover regulation) in primary fibroblasts from PD patients with parkin mutations. We performed clustering analysis of the obtained data to compare the profiles of mitochondrial parameters in PD patients and healthy donors. This allowed to extract the features characteristic for PD patients fibroblasts, which were a smaller and less complex mitochondrial network and decreased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators and mitophagy mediators. The approach we used allowed a comprehensive characteristics of elements common for mitochondrial dynamics remodelling accompanying pathogenic mutation. This may be helpful in the deciphering key pathomechanisms of the PD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kamienieva
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominika Malińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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18
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Khalaf MM, El-Sayed MM, Kandeil MA, Ahmed S. A novel protective modality against rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease: A pre-clinical study with dulaglutide. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110170. [PMID: 37075673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) drugs treat symptoms without inhibiting progression. In recent years, finding novel therapeutic medications that can halt disease progression has become crucial. Research on antidiabetic medicines is valuable in these investigations because of the parallels between the two disorders. Using Rotenone (ROT), a frequently used PD model, the possible neuroprotective benefits of Dulaglutide (DUL), an extended-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, were considered. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups to complete this experiment (n = 6). 0.2 ml of the vehicle (1 ml of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) diluted in sunflower oil) was administered to the standard control group subcutaneously with a 48-hour pause. The second group was administered ROT 2.5 mg/kg SC every 48 h for 20 days as a positive control group. The third and fourth groups were administered one dose of DUL each week (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg SC, respectively) to their regimens. The mice received ROT (2.5 mg/kg SC) every 48 h for 20 days after receiving DUL for the initial dose (96 h later). The current study focused on the DUL's ability to preserve usual behavioral function, enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, inhibit alpha-synuclein (α-syn), and increase parkin levels. It is concluded that DUL acts as an antioxidant and an anti-inflammatory to protect against ROT-induced PD. However, more studies are required to support this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Khalaf
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M El-Sayed
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa Ahmed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
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19
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Lebedeva O, Poberezhniy D, Novosadova E, Gerasimova T, Novosadova L, Arsenyeva E, Stepanenko E, Shimchenko D, Volovikov E, Anufrieva K, Illarioshkin S, Lagarkova M, Grivennikov I, Tarantul V, Nenasheva V. Overexpression of Parkin in the Neuronal Progenitor Cells from a Patient with Parkinson's Disease Shifts the Transcriptome Towards the Normal State. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3522-3533. [PMID: 36884134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative pathology caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Juvenile PD is known to be strongly associated with mutations in the PARK2 gene encoding E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin. Despite numerous studies, molecular mechanisms that trigger PD remain largely unknown. Here, we compared the transcriptome of the neural progenitor (NP) cell line, derived from a PD patient with PARK2 mutation resulting in Parkin loss, with the transcriptome of the same NPs but expressing transgenic Parkin. We found that Parkin overexpression led to the substantial recovery of the transcriptome of NPs to a normal state indicating that alterations of transcription in PD-derived NPs were mainly caused by PARK2 mutations. Among genes significantly dysregulated in PD-derived NPs, 106 genes unambiguously restored their expression after reestablishing of the Parkin level. Based on the selected gene sets, we revealed the enriched Gene Ontology (GO) pathways including signaling, neurotransmitter transport and metabolism, response to stimulus, and apoptosis. Strikingly, dopamine receptor D4 that was previously associated with PD appears to be involved in the maximal number of GO-enriched pathways and therefore may be considered as a potential trigger of PD progression. Our findings may help in the screening for promising targets for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lebedeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil Poberezhniy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Industrial Ecology, D.I. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Novosadova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Arsenyeva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Stepanenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Shimchenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Volovikov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia Anufrieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Grivennikov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Tarantul
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Nenasheva
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Sampson C, Wang Q, Otkur W, Zhao H, Lu Y, Liu X, Piao H. The roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer progression and targeted therapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1204. [PMID: 36881608 PMCID: PMC9991012 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is one of the most important post-translational modifications which plays a significant role in conserving the homeostasis of cellular proteins. In the ubiquitination process, ubiquitin is conjugated to target protein substrates for degradation, translocation or activation, dysregulation of which is linked to several diseases including various types of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases are regarded as the most influential ubiquitin enzyme owing to their ability to select, bind and recruit target substrates for ubiquitination. In particular, E3 ligases are pivotal in the cancer hallmarks pathways where they serve as tumour promoters or suppressors. The specificity of E3 ligases coupled with their implication in cancer hallmarks engendered the development of compounds that specifically target E3 ligases for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight the role of E3 ligases in cancer hallmarks such as sustained proliferation via cell cycle progression, immune evasion and tumour promoting inflammation, and in the evasion of apoptosis. In addition, we summarise the application and the role of small compounds that target E3 ligases for cancer treatment along with the significance of targeting E3 ligases as potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzo Sampson
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiuping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Wuxiyar Otkur
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of OrthopedicsDalian Second People's HospitalDalianChina
| | - Yun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- Department of StomatologyDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
| | - Hai‐long Piao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical ChemistryDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalianChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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21
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Magalhães JD, Cardoso SM. Mitochondrial signaling on innate immunity activation in Parkinson disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102664. [PMID: 36535149 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the nigrostriatal pathway that is followed by severe neuroinflammatory response. PD etiology is still puzzling; however, the mitocentric view might explain the vast majority of molecular findings not only in the brain, but also at systemic level. While neuronal degeneration is tightly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, the causal role between aSyn accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction still requires further investigation. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction can elicit an inflammatory response that may be transmitted locally but also in a long range through systemic circulation. Furthermore, mitochondrial-driven innate immune activation may involve the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, of which aSyn poses as a good candidate. While there is still a need to clarify disease-elicited mechanisms and how aSyn has the ability to modulate mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction, recent studies provide insightful views on mitochondria-inflammation axis in PD etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Programme in Biomedicine and Experimental Biology (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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22
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Grimaldo L, Sandoval A, Duran P, Gómez Flores-Ramos L, Felix R. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Parkin regulates neuronal Ca V1.3 channel functional expression. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:1555-1564. [PMID: 36350063 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00287.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal L-type Ca2+ channels of the CaV1.3 subclass are transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to the pacemaker activity in the adult substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. The altered function of these channels may play a role in the development and progress of neurodegenerative mechanisms implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although L-type channel expression is precisely regulated, an increased functional expression has been observed in PD. Previously, we showed that Parkin, an E3 enzyme of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) interacts with neuronal CaV2.2 channels promoting their ubiquitin-mediated degradation. In addition, previous studies show an increase in CaV1.3 channel activity in dopaminergic neurons of the SNc and that Parkin expression is reduced in PD. These findings suggest that the decrease in Parkin may affect the proteasomal degradation of CaV1.3, which helps explain the increase in channel activity. Therefore, the present report aims to gain insight into the degradation mechanisms of the neuronal CaV1.3 channel by the UPS. Immunoprecipitation assays showed the interaction between Parkin and the CaV1.3 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells and neural tissues. Likewise, Parkin overexpression reduced the total and membrane channel levels and decreased the current density. Consistent with this, patch-clamp recordings in the presence of an inhibitor of the UPS, MG132, prevented the effects of Parkin, suggesting enhanced channel proteasomal degradation. In addition, the half-life of the pore-forming CaV1.3α1 protein was significantly reduced by Parkin overexpression. Finally, electrophysiological recordings using a PRKN knockout HEK-293 cell line generated by CRISPR/Cas9 showed increased current density. These results suggest that Parkin promotes the proteasomal degradation of CaV1.3, which may be a relevant aspect for the pathophysiology of PD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The increased expression of CaV1.3 calcium channels is a crucial feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms that determine this increase are not yet defined. Parkin, an enzyme of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is known to interact with neuronal channels promoting their ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Interestingly, Parkin mutations also play a role in PD. Here, the degradation mechanisms of CaV1.3 channels and their relationship with the pathophysiology of PD are studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Grimaldo
- Conacyt, Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- School of Medicine FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Paz Duran
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
| | | | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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23
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Hong SJ, Jung S, Jang JS, Mo S, Kwon JO, Kim MK, Kim HH. PARK2 Induces Osteoclastogenesis through Activation of the NF-κB Pathway. Mol Cells 2022; 45:749-760. [PMID: 36047447 PMCID: PMC9589368 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast generation from monocyte/macrophage lineage precursor cells needs to be tightly regulated to maintain bone homeostasis and is frequently over-activated in inflammatory conditions. PARK2, a protein associated with Parkinson's disease, plays an important role in mitophagy via its ubiquitin ligase function. In this study, we investigated whether PARK2 is involved in osteoclastogenesis. PARK2 expression was found to be increased during the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. PARK2 gene silencing with siRNA significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL, LPS (lipopolysaccharide), TNFα (tumor necrosis factor α), and IL-1β (interleukin-1β). On the other hand, overexpression of PARK2 promoted osteoclastogenesis. This regulation of osteoclastogenesis by PARK2 was mediated by IKK (inhibitory κB kinase) and NF-κB activation while MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) activation was not involved. Additionally, administration of PARK2 siRNA significantly reduced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss in an in vivo model of inflammatory bone erosion. Taken together, this study establishes a novel role for PARK2 as a positive regulator in osteoclast differentiation and inflammatory bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Suhan Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Jang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Shenzheng Mo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jun-Oh Kwon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute (DRI), School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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24
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Pandey SK, Singh RK. Recent developments in nucleic acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease: Current status, clinical potential, and future strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986668. [PMID: 36339626 PMCID: PMC9632735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease diagnosed mainly based on clinical symptoms caused by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Although currently available pharmacological therapies provide symptomatic relief, however, the disease continues to progress eventually leading to severe motor and cognitive decline and reduced quality of life. The hallmark pathology of Parkinson’s disease includes intraneuronal inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, including fibrillar α-synuclein aggregates. These aggregates can progressively spread across synaptically connected brain regions leading to emergence of disease symptoms with time. The α-synuclein level is considered important in its fibrillization and aggregation. Nucleic acid therapeutics have recently been shown to be effective in treating various neurological diseases, raising the possibility of developing innovative molecular therapies for Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we have described the advancements in genetic dysregulations in Parkinson’s disease along with the disease-modifying strategies involved in genetic regulation with particular focus on downregulation of α-synuclein gene using various novel technologies, notably antisense oligonucleotides, microRNA, short interfering RNA, short hairpin RNAs, DNA aptamers, and gene therapy of vector-assisted delivery system-based therapeutics. In addition, the current status of preclinical and clinical development for nucleic acid-based therapies for Parkinson’s disease have also been discussed along with their limitations and opportunities.
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25
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Chia K, Klingseisen A, Sieger D, Priller J. Zebrafish as a model organism for neurodegenerative disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:940484. [PMID: 36311026 PMCID: PMC9606821 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.940484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is increasingly recognized as a model organism for translational research into human neuropathology. The zebrafish brain exhibits fundamental resemblance with human neuroanatomical and neurochemical pathways, and hallmarks of human brain pathology such as protein aggregation, neuronal degeneration and activation of glial cells, for example, can be modeled and recapitulated in the fish central nervous system. Genetic manipulation, imaging, and drug screening are areas where zebrafish excel with the ease of introducing mutations and transgenes, the expression of fluorescent markers that can be detected in vivo in the transparent larval stages overtime, and simple treatment of large numbers of fish larvae at once followed by automated screening and imaging. In this review, we summarize how zebrafish have successfully been employed to model human neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of choosing zebrafish as a model for these neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelda Chia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Klingseisen
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Sieger
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dirk Sieger,
| | - Josef Priller
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, DZNE, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Josef Priller,
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26
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Mitophagy—A New Target of Bone Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101420. [PMID: 36291629 PMCID: PMC9599755 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone diseases are usually caused by abnormal metabolism and death of cells in bones, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction, as an important cause of abnormal cell metabolism, is widely involved in the occurrence and progression of multiple bone diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma. As selective mitochondrial autophagy for damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, mitophagy is closely related to mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitophagy plays an important regulatory role in bone disease, indicating that regulating the level of mitophagy may be a new strategy for bone-related diseases. Therefore, by reviewing the relevant literature in recent years, this paper reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in bone-related diseases, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, osteoporosis, and osteosarcoma, to provide a theoretical basis for the related research of mitophagy in bone diseases.
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27
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Biochemical Pathways of Cellular Mechanosensing/Mechanotransduction and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases Pathogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193093. [PMID: 36231055 PMCID: PMC9563116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we shed light on recent advances regarding the characterization of biochemical pathways of cellular mechanosensing and mechanotransduction with particular attention to their role in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. While the mechanistic components of these pathways are mostly uncovered today, the crosstalk between mechanical forces and soluble intracellular signaling is still not fully elucidated. Here, we recapitulate the general concepts of mechanobiology and the mechanisms that govern the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes, and we examine the crosstalk between mechanical stimuli and intracellular biochemical response, highlighting their effect on cellular organelles' homeostasis and dysfunction. In particular, we discuss the current knowledge about the translation of mechanosignaling into biochemical signaling, focusing on those diseases that encompass metabolic accumulation of mutant proteins and have as primary characteristics the formation of pathological intracellular aggregates, such as Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease. Overall, recent findings elucidate how mechanosensing and mechanotransduction pathways may be crucial to understand the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases and emphasize the importance of these pathways for identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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28
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A genetic analysis of Chinese patients with early-onset Parkinson' s disease. Neurosci Lett 2022; 790:136880. [PMID: 36150414 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors play an important role in early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). The genetic spectrum of patients with EOPD varies widely among different ethnicities, with extensive investigations having been performed in Caucasian populations; however, research in Chinese populations remains limited. In this study, we performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay and whole-exome sequencing in 15 unrelated Chinese EOPD patients with age of onset before 40 years. Among them, a patient carried compound heterozygous exon duplications in Parkin (exon 3 duplication and exon 4 duplication) (6.67%) and two patients carried the homozygous pathogenic variant (p.D331Y) in PLA2G6 (13.33%). Three novel variants in EIF4G1 (p.P1043S, p.R1505Q, and p.P266A) were identified and classified as uncertain significance. Additionally, a risk variant in GBA (p.L483P) was detected in one patient (6.67%). PLA2G6 (13.33%) was the most common causative gene among our EOPD patients. Furthermore, detailed clinical features were presented. Our results broaden the genetic spectrum and clinical phenotypic spectrum of EOPD patients.
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29
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Behl T, Madaan P, Sehgal A, Singh S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Alhazmi HA, Meraya AM, Bungau S. Demystifying the Neuroprotective Role of Neuropeptides in Parkinson's Disease: A Newfangled and Eloquent Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094565. [PMID: 35562956 PMCID: PMC9099669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) refers to one of the eminently grievous, preponderant, tortuous nerve-cell-devastating ailments that markedly impacts the dopaminergic (DArgic) nerve cells of the midbrain region, namely the substantia nigra pars compacta (SN-PC). Even though the exact etiopathology of the ailment is yet indefinite, the existing corroborations have suggested that aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental toxins tremendously influence the PD advancement. Additionally, pathophysiological mechanisms entailed in PD advancement encompass the clumping of α-synuclein inside the lewy bodies (LBs) and lewy neurites, oxidative stress, apoptosis, neuronal-inflammation, and abnormalities in the operation of mitochondria, autophagy lysosomal pathway (ALP), and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). The ongoing therapeutic approaches can merely mitigate the PD-associated manifestations, but until now, no therapeutic candidate has been depicted to fully arrest the disease advancement. Neuropeptides (NPs) are little, protein-comprehending additional messenger substances that are typically produced and liberated by nerve cells within the entire nervous system. Numerous NPs, for instance, substance P (SP), ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), nesfatin-1, and somatostatin, have been displayed to exhibit consequential neuroprotection in both in vivo and in vitro PD models via suppressing apoptosis, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, neuronal toxicity, microglia stimulation, attenuating disease-associated manifestations, and stimulating chondriosomal bioenergetics. The current scrutiny is an effort to illuminate the neuroprotective action of NPs in various PD-experiencing models. The authors carried out a methodical inspection of the published work procured through reputable online portals like PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Frontier, by employing specific keywords in the subject of our article. Additionally, the manuscript concentrates on representing the pathways concerned in bringing neuroprotective action of NPs in PD. In sum, NPs exert substantial neuroprotection through regulating paramount pathways indulged in PD advancement, and consequently, might be a newfangled and eloquent perspective in PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Piyush Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (P.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.)
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.B.)
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30
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Xu J, Minobe E, Kameyama M. Ca2+ Dyshomeostasis Links Risk Factors to Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:867385. [PMID: 35496903 PMCID: PMC9050104 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.867385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction, results from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although the precise causes of PD are still unknown, several risk factors for PD have been determined, including aging, genetic mutations, environmental factors, and gender. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying risk factor-related neurodegeneration in PD remain elusive. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, excessive reactive oxygen species production, and impaired autophagy have been implicated in neuronal death in the SNc in PD. Considering that these pathological processes are tightly associated with intracellular Ca2+, it is reasonable to hypothesize that dysregulation of Ca2+ handling may mediate risk factors-related PD pathogenesis. We review the recent findings on how risk factors cause Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and how aberrant Ca2+ handling triggers dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the SNc in PD, thus putting forward the possibility that manipulation of specific Ca2+ handling proteins and subcellular Ca2+ homeostasis may lead to new promising strategies for PD treatment.
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Faria-Pereira A, Morais VA. Synapses: The Brain's Energy-Demanding Sites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3627. [PMID: 35408993 PMCID: PMC8998888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is one of the most energy-consuming organs in the mammalian body, and synaptic transmission is one of the major contributors. To meet these energetic requirements, the brain primarily uses glucose, which can be metabolized through glycolysis and/or mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The relevance of these two energy production pathways in fulfilling energy at presynaptic terminals has been the subject of recent studies. In this review, we dissect the balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet synaptic energy demands in both resting and stimulation conditions. Besides ATP output needs, mitochondria at synapse are also important for calcium buffering and regulation of reactive oxygen species. These two mitochondrial-associated pathways, once hampered, impact negatively on neuronal homeostasis and synaptic activity. Therefore, as mitochondria assume a critical role in synaptic homeostasis, it is becoming evident that the synaptic mitochondria population possesses a distinct functional fingerprint compared to other brain mitochondria. Ultimately, dysregulation of synaptic bioenergetics through glycolytic and mitochondrial dysfunctions is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, as one of the first hallmarks in several of these diseases are synaptic energy deficits, followed by synapse degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa A. Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
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Does the Expression and Epigenetics of Genes Involved in Monogenic Forms of Parkinson’s Disease Influence Sporadic Forms? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030479. [PMID: 35328033 PMCID: PMC8951612 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by a triad of motor symptoms (akinesia, rigidity, resting tremor) related to loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly in the Substantia nigra pars compacta. Diagnosis is often made after a substantial loss of neurons has already occurred, and while dopamine replacement therapies improve symptoms, they do not modify the course of the disease. Although some biological mechanisms involved in the disease have been identified, such as oxidative stress and accumulation of misfolded proteins, they do not explain entirely PD pathophysiology, and a need for a better understanding remains. Neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, appear to be the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The latter can alter gene expression by causing epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, post-translational modification of histones and non-coding RNAs. Regulation of genes responsible for monogenic forms of PD may be involved in sporadic PD. This review will focus on the epigenetic mechanisms regulating their expression, since these are the genes for which we currently have the most information available. Despite technical challenges, epigenetic epidemiology offers new insights on revealing altered biological pathways and identifying predictive biomarkers for the onset and progression of PD.
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Bo RX, Li YY, Zhou TT, Chen NH, Yuan YH. The neuroinflammatory role of glucocerebrosidase in Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2022; 207:108964. [PMID: 35065083 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), encoded by the GBA1 gene, is a membrane-associated protein catalyzing the cleavage of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). Homologous GBA1 mutations cause Gaucher disease (GD) and heterologous mutations cause Parkinson's disease (PD). Importantly, heterologous GBA1 mutations are recognized as the second risk factor of PD. The pathological features of PD are Lewy neurites (LNs) and Lewy bodies (LBs) composed of pathological α-synuclein. Oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagic impairment, and α-synuclein accumulation play critical roles in PD pathogenic cascades, but the pathogenesis of PD has not yet been fully elucidated. What's more, PD treatment drugs can only relieve symptoms to a certain extent, but cannot alleviate neurodegenerative progression. Therefore, it's urgent to explore new targets that can alleviate the neurodegenerative process. Deficient GCase can cause lysosomal dysfunction, obstructing the metabolism of α-synuclein. Meanwhile, GCase dysfunction causes accumulation of its substrates, leading to lipid metabolism disorders. Subsequently, astrocytes and microglia are activated, releasing amounts of pro-inflammatory mediators and causing extensive neuroinflammation. All these cascades can induce neuron damage and death, eventually promoting PD pathology. This review aims to summarize these points and the potential of GCase as an original target to provide some ideas for elucidating the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yan-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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A Novel Method for Identifying Parkin Binding Agents in Complex Preparations of Herbal Medicines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3260243. [PMID: 35087614 PMCID: PMC8789414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3260243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkin is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase for initiating mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Regulating the expression and activity of parkin can remedy mitophagy and human disease. We developed an efficient method to isolate natural parkin ligands from herbal medicines by combining centrifugal ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The heterologous expression technology identified functionally active and pure parkin proteins. After evaluating the reliability of the method using DL-selenomethionine and DL-dithiothreitol as positive controls, this method was successfully applied to capture parkin ligands from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. LC/MS identified seven novel parkin-targeting compounds, namely, 7,4′-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(γ, γ-dimethylallyl)-flavanone, kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside, apigenin, and emodin, supported by the molecular docking analysis. Five of the seven novel compounds (kushenol I, kurarinone, sophoraflavanone G, apigenin, and emodin) can activate parkin in in vitro autoubiquitination assays. Meanwhile, kushenol I and kurarinone had antisteatosis activity in fat emulsion-damaged human hepatocytes. These results confirmed the effectiveness of the method for identifying parkin ligands from complex preparations, useful to advance drug discovery from medicinal herbs.
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Zhong J, Li M, Xu J, Dong W, Qin Y, Qiu S, Li X, Wang H. Roflupram attenuates α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity and promotes the mitochondrial translocation of Parkin in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T mutant α-synuclein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 436:115859. [PMID: 34990728 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that inhibition of cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) protects against cellular toxicity in neuronal cells. Since α-synuclein (α-syn) toxicity contributes to the neurodegeneration of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of PDE4 on α-syn-induced neuronal toxicity. Using mutant human A53T α-syn overexpressed SH-SY5Y cells, we found that PDE4B knockdown reduced cellular apoptosis. Roflupram (ROF, 20 μM), a selective PDE4 inhibitor, produced similar protective effects and restored the morphological alterations of mitochondria. Mechanistic studies identified that α-syn enhanced the phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser131, followed by the decreased mitochondrial translocation of Parkin. Whereas both PDE4B knockdown and PDE4 inhibition by ROF blocked the effects of α-syn on Parkin phosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation. Moreover, PDE4 inhibition reversed the increase in the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induced by α-syn. ROF treatment also reduced the binding of p38 MAPK to Parkin. Consistently, overexpression of PDE4B blocked the roles of ROF on p38 MAPK phosphorylation, Parkin phosphorylation, and the subsequent mitochondrial translocation of parkin. Furthermore, PDE4B overexpression attenuated the protective role of ROF, as evidenced by reduced mitochondria membrane potential and increased cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, ROF failed to suppress α-syn-induced cytotoxicity in the presence of a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Our findings indicate that PDE4 facilitates α-syn-induced cytotoxicity via the PKA/p38 MAPK/Parkin pathway in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T mutant α-synuclein. PDE4 inhibition by ROF is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of α-syn-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Wenli Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yunyun Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuqing Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Melatonin Increases Life Span, Restores the Locomotor Activity, and Reduces Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) in Transgenic Knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster Exposed to Paraquat or Paraquat/Iron. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1551-1563. [PMID: 34339012 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disorder involving impairment of bodily movement caused by the specific destruction of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Mounting evidence suggests that PD might be triggered by an interplay between environmental neurotoxicants (e.g., paraquat, PQ), heavy metals (e.g., iron), and gene alterations (e.g., PARKIN gene). Unfortunately, there are no therapies currently available that protect, slow, delay, or prevent the progression of PD. Melatonin (Mel, N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) is a natural hormone with pleiotropic functions including receptor-independent pathways which might be useful in the treatment of PD. Therefore, as a chemical molecule, it has been shown that Mel prolonged the lifespan and locomotor activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in wild-type Canton-S flies exposed to PQ, suggesting antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. However, it is not yet known whether Mel can protect or prevent the genetic model parkin deficient in flies against oxidative stress (OS) stimuli. Here, we show that Mel (0.5, 1, 3 mM) significantly extends the life span and locomotor activity of TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies (> 15 days) compared to untreated flies. Knock-down (K-D) parkin flies treated with PQ (1 mM) or PQ (1 mM)/iron (1 mM) significantly diminished the survival index and climbing abilities (e.g., 50% of flies were dead and locomotor impairment by days 4 and 3, respectively). Remarkably, Mel reverted the noxious effect of PQ or PQ/iron combination in K-D parkin. Indeed, Mel protects TH > parkin-RNAi/ + Drosophila melanogaster flies against PQ- or PQ/iron-induced diminish survival, locomotor impairment, and LPO (e.g., 50% of flies were death and locomotor impairment by days 6 and 9, respectively). Similarly, Mel prevented K-D parkin flies against both PQ and PQ/iron. Taken together, these findings suggest that Mel can be safely used as an antioxidant and neuroprotectant agent against OS-stimuli in selective individuals at risk to suffer early-onset Parkinsonism and PD.
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Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroprotection of Polyphenols with Respect to Resveratrol in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080918. [PMID: 34440122 PMCID: PMC8389563 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss. The exact pathogenesis of PD is complex and not yet completely understood, but research has established the critical role mitochondrial dysfunction plays in the development of PD. As the main producer of cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondria are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress once an imbalance between ROS generation and the organelle’s antioxidative system occurs. An overabundance of ROS in the mitochondria can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and further vicious cycles. Once enough damage accumulates, the cell may undergo mitochondria-dependent apoptosis or necrosis, resulting in the neuronal loss of PD. Polyphenols are a group of natural compounds that have been shown to offer protection against various diseases, including PD. Among these, the plant-derived polyphenol, resveratrol, exhibits neuroprotective effects through its antioxidative capabilities and provides mitochondria protection. Resveratrol also modulates crucial genes involved in antioxidative enzymes regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and cellular survival. Additionally, resveratrol offers neuroprotective effects by upregulating mitophagy through multiple pathways, including SIRT-1 and AMPK/ERK pathways. This compound may provide potential neuroprotective effects, and more clinical research is needed to establish the efficacy of resveratrol in clinical settings.
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Nrf2 activation induces mitophagy and reverses Parkin/Pink1 knock down-mediated neuronal and muscle degeneration phenotypes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:671. [PMID: 34218254 PMCID: PMC8254809 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03952-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The balanced functionality of cellular proteostatic modules is central to both proteome stability and mitochondrial physiology; thus, the age-related decline of proteostasis also triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, which marks multiple degenerative disorders. Non-functional mitochondria are removed by mitophagy, including Parkin/Pink1-mediated mitophagy. A common feature of neuronal or muscle degenerative diseases, is the accumulation of damaged mitochondria due to disrupted mitophagy rates. Here, we exploit Drosophila as a model organism to investigate the functional role of Parkin/Pink1 in regulating mitophagy and proteostatic responses, as well as in suppressing degenerative phenotypes at the whole organism level. We found that Parkin or Pink1 knock down in young flies modulated proteostatic components in a tissue-dependent manner, increased cell oxidative load, and suppressed mitophagy in neuronal and muscle tissues, causing mitochondrial aggregation and neuromuscular degeneration. Concomitant to Parkin or Pink1 knock down cncC/Nrf2 overexpression, induced the proteostasis network, suppressed oxidative stress, restored mitochondrial function, and elevated mitophagy rates in flies' tissues; it also, largely rescued Parkin or Pink1 knock down-mediated neuromuscular degenerative phenotypes. Our in vivo findings highlight the critical role of the Parkin/Pink1 pathway in mitophagy, and support the therapeutic potency of Nrf2 (a druggable pathway) activation in age-related degenerative diseases.
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Murillo-González FE, García-Aguilar R, Vega L, Elizondo G. Regulation of Parkin expression as the key balance between neural survival and cancer cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114650. [PMID: 34111426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkin is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in neuroprotection by targeting several proteins to be degraded by the 26S proteasome. Its dysfunction has been associated not only with Parkinson's disease (PD) but also with other neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. More recently, Parkin has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene implicated in cancer development. Due to the important roles that this E3 ubiquitin ligase plays in cellular homeostasis, its expression, activity, and turnover are tightly regulated. Several reviews have addressed Parkin regulation; however, genetic and epigenetic regulation have been excluded. In addition to posttranslational modifications (PTMs), this review examines the regulatory mechanisms that control Parkin function through gene expression, epigenetic regulation, and degradation. Furthermore, the consequences of disrupting these regulatory processes on human health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Department of Cellular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Li S, Sun X, Bi L, Tong Y, Liu X. Research Progress on Natural Product Ingredients' Therapeutic Effects on Parkinson's Disease by Regulating Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5538200. [PMID: 33981351 PMCID: PMC8088354 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and older adults. Abnormal proteins such as α-synuclein are essential factors in PD's pathogenesis. Autophagy is the main participant in the clearance of abnormal proteins. The overactive or low function of autophagy leads to autophagy stress. Not only is it difficult to clear abnormal proteins but also it can cause damage to neurons. In this article, the effects of natural products ingredients, such as salidroside, paeoniflorin, curcumin, resveratrol, corynoxine, and baicalein, on regulating autophagy and protecting neurons were discussed in detail to provide a reference for the research and development of drugs for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Bi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yujia Tong
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Lan T, Zheng YC, Li ND, Chen XS, Shen Z, Yan B. CRISPR/dCas9-Mediated Parkin Inhibition Impairs Mitophagy and Aggravates Apoptosis of Rat Nucleus Pulposus Cells Under Oxidative Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:674632. [PMID: 33937342 PMCID: PMC8082403 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.674632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to explore the role of Parkin in intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) and its mitophagy regulation mechanism. Study design and methods Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a mimic pathological condition. Apoptosis and mitophagy were assessed by Western blot, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and immunofluorescence staining. The CRISPR–dCas9–KRAB system was used to silence the expression of Parkin. Result In this study, we found that Parkin was downregulated in rat NP cells under oxidative stress. In addition, treatment with H2O2 resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy inhibition, and a significant increase in the rate of apoptosis of NP cells. Meanwhile, mitophagy inhibition enhanced H2O2-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, repression of Parkin significantly attenuated mitophagy and exacerbated apoptosis. Conclusion These results suggested that Parkin may play a protective role in alleviating the apoptosis of NP cells via mitophagy, and that targeting Parkin may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ning-Dao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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