1
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Postma DBW, van Delden RW, van Hilvoorde IM. “Dear IOC”: Considerations for the Governance, Valuation, and Evaluation of Trends and Developments in eSports. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:899613. [PMID: 35813052 PMCID: PMC9258781 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.899613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021, the International Olympic Committee ventured virtual space by launching their first ever Olympic Virtual Series – featuring virtual baseball, cycling, rowing, sailing and motor racing. Interestingly, all these virtual events take strongly after their physical counterparts. Which begs the question: Where are the massively popular esports games like Fortnite, League of Legends, and Dota?–What do the Olympic Virtual Series have that these popular video games do not? Here, we argue for the inclusion of esports within the Olympic program. In many respects, esports “act” and “behave” just like traditional sports. We argue that esports and traditional sports share many of the same values, like the values of meritocracy, competition, fair play, and the value of having a “level playing field”. Yet, in esports, many of these values remain underappreciated, losing out to negative values such as physical inactivity and game-addiction. To preserve what is worth preserving, we borrow from Value Sensitive Design to ameliorate the design-tensions that are foregrounded in esports. Thereby, paving possible ways toward the inclusion of esports in the Olympic program. Ultimately, the question for the IOC should not be “does it look like ‘real sport’, as we know it?”, but rather: are they sporting, rule-led, and fair activities worth preserving and setting an example for a new digitally savvy generation?
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Affiliation(s)
- Dees B. W. Postma
- Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dees B. W. Postma
| | | | - Ivo M. van Hilvoorde
- Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement, School and Sport, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
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2
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Development of the Effect of Video Assistant Referee Application on Football Parameters. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) application is a technological development that gives referees the chance to review their critical decisions. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the VAR system in international football organizations on the game over the years. The sample of the study consists of 115 football matches, specifically 64 matches played in the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 51 matches played in the 2020 European Football Championship. In the competitions handled, the number of goals, the number of yellow cards, the number of red cards, the first half time, the second half time, the total match time, the number of penalties and the number of offsides were examined. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups. As a result, in the 2020 European Football Championship, there was a decrease in the second half time (p = 0.01) and total match time (p = 0.01), and a significant increase in the number of offsides (p = 0.03) compared to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two tournaments in the variables of number of goals, number of yellow cards, number of red cards, half time and penalty shootout (p > 0.05). In light of the data obtained, it can be said that the effect of the VAR system on the spirit of the game will decrease as the share of the VAR system in the pauses during the competition decreases over the years. The data revealed in the study may be a clue to explaining why the effect of the VAR system on game dynamics and game spirit has decreased over the years. Therefore, the concerns of football stakeholders about the effects of the system on the game may gradually decrease with the arrangements made for VAR.
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3
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The Effect of the Video Assistant Referee System Implementation on Match Physical Demands in the Spanish LaLiga. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095125. [PMID: 35564517 PMCID: PMC9104303 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the influence of the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) on match physical demands in the top Spanish professional football league. Match physical demand data from all the matches for two seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) in the First Spanish Division (n = 1454) were recorded using an optical tracking system (ChyronHego®). Total distance, relative total distance covered per minute, distance covered between 14–21 km·h−1, distance covered between 21–24 km·h−1, and distance covered at more than 24 km·h−1 were analyzed; also, the number of sprints between 21–24 km·h−1 and more than 24 km·h−1 were taken into consideration. The times the VAR intervened in matches were also taken into account. Results showed that total distance and relative total distance significantly decreased in seasons with VAR compared to seasons without VAR. Finally, distance covered between 21–24 km·h−1, distance covered at more than 24 km·h−1, and the number of high-intensity efforts between 21–24 km·h−1 and more than 24 km·h−1 increased in seasons with VAR compared to seasons without VAR, but the differences were nonsignificant. Thus, these findings help practitioners to better understand the effects of the VAR system on professional football physical performance and to identify strategies to reproduce competition demands.
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4
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Dyer B. Author’s Reply to González-Mohíno et al. “A Pragmatic Approach to Resolving Technological Unfairness: The Case of Nike’s Vaporfly and Alphafly Running Footwear”. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:95. [PMID: 34918237 PMCID: PMC8677860 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Senefeld JW, Haischer MH, Jones AM, Wiggins CC, Beilfuss R, Joyner MJ, Hunter SK. Technological advances in elite marathon performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:2002-2008. [PMID: 33982594 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is scientific and legal controversy about recent technological advances in performance running shoes that reduce the energetic cost of running and may provide a distinct competitive advantage. To better understand the potential performance-enhancing effects of technological advancements in marathon racing shoes, we examined the finishing times and racing shoes of the top 50 male and 50 female runners from the World Marathon Major series in the 2010s before and after the introduction of new Nike shoe models (4%, NEXT%, Alphafly, and other prototypes; herein referred to as "neoteric Nikes"). Data for racing shoes were available for 3,886 of the 3,900 performances recorded at the four annual marathons in Boston, London, Chicago, and New York. In full cohort analyses, marathon finishing times were 2.0% or 2.8 min (138.5 ± 8.1 min vs. 141.3 ± 7.4 min, P < 0.001) faster for male runners wearing neoteric Nikes compared with other shoes. For females, marathon finishing times were 2.6% or 4.3 min (159.1 ± 10.0 min vs. 163.4 ± 10.7 min, P < 0.001) faster for runners wearing neoteric Nikes. In a subset of within-runner changes in marathon performances (males, n = 138; females, n = 101), marathon finishing times improved by 0.8% or 1.2 min for males wearing neoteric Nikes relative to the most recent marathon in which other shoes were worn, and this performance-enhancing effect was greater among females who demonstrated 1.6% or 3.7 min improvement (P = 0.002). Our results demonstrate that marathon performances are substantially faster when world-class athletes, and particularly females, wear marathon racing shoes with technological advancements.NEW & NOTEWORTHY World-class athletes are substantively faster, wearing marathon racing shoes with technological advancements than other shoes when competing in the marathon. Our findings suggest that technological advances in footwear contributed to the recent improvements in marathon finishing times among elite runners and in record-setting marathon performances. This investigation highlights the importance of sports analytics and may have broad implications for the regulation of running footwear during competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon W Senefeld
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael H Haischer
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Line and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rachel Beilfuss
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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6
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Tamir I, Bar-Eli M. The Moral Gatekeeper: Soccer and Technology, the Case of Video Assistant Referee (VAR). Front Psychol 2021; 11:613469. [PMID: 33510692 PMCID: PMC7835707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.613469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Video assistant referee was officially introduced into soccer regulations in 2018, after many years in which referee errors were justified as being “part of the game.” The technology’s penetration into the soccer field was accompanied by concerns and much criticism that, to a large degree, continues to be voiced with frequency. This paper argues that, despite fierce objections and extensive criticism, VAR represents an important revision in modern professional soccer, and moreover, it completes a moral revolution in the evolution of the sport as a whole. Theoretically speaking, this technology enables an improvement in the sport’s professional standards and its public image and prestige, and especially its moral standards – Fair play. Furthermore, the introduction of this technology makes it possible to discover additional weaknesses (Standardization for extra time, a clear definition of a handball offense and more) that professional soccer regulations will probably be forced to address in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Tamir
- School of Communication, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael Bar-Eli
- Business Administration Department, BGU, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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7
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Cooke SJ, Venturelli P, Twardek WM, Lennox RJ, Brownscombe JW, Skov C, Hyder K, Suski CD, Diggles BK, Arlinghaus R, Danylchuk AJ. Technological innovations in the recreational fishing sector: implications for fisheries management and policy. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2021. [PMID: 33642705 DOI: 10.1007/s1160-021-09643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Technology that is developed for or adopted by the recreational fisheries sector (e.g., anglers and the recreational fishing industry) has led to rapid and dramatic changes in how recreational anglers interact with fisheries resources. From improvements in finding and catching fish to emulating their natural prey and accessing previously inaccessible waters, to anglers sharing their exploits with others, technology is completely changing all aspects of recreational fishing. These innovations would superficially be viewed as positive from the perspective of the angler (aside from the financial cost of purchasing some technologies), yet for the fisheries manager and policy maker, technology may create unintended challenges that lead to reactionary or even ill-defined approaches as they attempt to keep up with these changes. The goal of this paper is to consider how innovations in recreational fishing are changing the way that anglers interact with fish, and thus how recreational fisheries management is undertaken. We use a combination of structured reviews and expert analyses combined with descriptive case studies to highlight the many ways that technology is influencing recreational fishing practice, and, relatedly, what it means for changing how fisheries and/or these technologies need to be managed-from changes in fish capture, to fish handling, to how anglers share information with each other and with managers. Given that technology is continually evolving, we hope that the examples provided here lead to more and better monitoring of technological innovations and engagement by the management and policy authorities with the recreational fishing sector. Doing so will ensure that management actions related to emerging and evolving recreational fishing technology are more proactive than reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Paul Venturelli
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Cooper Life Science Building, CL 121, Muncie, IN 47306 USA
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Robert J Lennox
- LFI, Freshwater Biology, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsporten 112, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Christian Skov
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT UK
| | - Cory D Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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8
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Cooke SJ, Venturelli P, Twardek WM, Lennox RJ, Brownscombe JW, Skov C, Hyder K, Suski CD, Diggles BK, Arlinghaus R, Danylchuk AJ. Technological innovations in the recreational fishing sector: implications for fisheries management and policy. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2021; 31:253-288. [PMID: 33642705 PMCID: PMC7900803 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Technology that is developed for or adopted by the recreational fisheries sector (e.g., anglers and the recreational fishing industry) has led to rapid and dramatic changes in how recreational anglers interact with fisheries resources. From improvements in finding and catching fish to emulating their natural prey and accessing previously inaccessible waters, to anglers sharing their exploits with others, technology is completely changing all aspects of recreational fishing. These innovations would superficially be viewed as positive from the perspective of the angler (aside from the financial cost of purchasing some technologies), yet for the fisheries manager and policy maker, technology may create unintended challenges that lead to reactionary or even ill-defined approaches as they attempt to keep up with these changes. The goal of this paper is to consider how innovations in recreational fishing are changing the way that anglers interact with fish, and thus how recreational fisheries management is undertaken. We use a combination of structured reviews and expert analyses combined with descriptive case studies to highlight the many ways that technology is influencing recreational fishing practice, and, relatedly, what it means for changing how fisheries and/or these technologies need to be managed-from changes in fish capture, to fish handling, to how anglers share information with each other and with managers. Given that technology is continually evolving, we hope that the examples provided here lead to more and better monitoring of technological innovations and engagement by the management and policy authorities with the recreational fishing sector. Doing so will ensure that management actions related to emerging and evolving recreational fishing technology are more proactive than reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Paul Venturelli
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Cooper Life Science Building, CL 121, Muncie, IN 47306 USA
| | - William M. Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Robert J. Lennox
- LFI, Freshwater Biology, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Nygårdsporten 112, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1 Canada
| | - Christian Skov
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kieran Hyder
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT UK
| | - Cory D. Suski
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Robert Arlinghaus
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Integrative Fisheries Management, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
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9
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Dyer B. A Pragmatic Approach to Resolving Technological Unfairness: the Case of Nike's Vaporfly and Alphafly Running Footwear. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:21. [PMID: 32448974 PMCID: PMC7246269 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology is often introduced into sport to facilitate it or to improve human performance within it. On occasion, some forms of novel technology require regulation or prevention entirely to ensure that a sport remains fair and accessible. Recently, the Nike Vaporfly and Alphafly shoes have received some concerns over their appropriateness for use in competitive distance running. METHODS This paper evaluates the use of these shoes against an existing framework for sports technology discourse and adopts a pragmatic approach to attempt to resolve them. RESULTS It is proposed that the three concerns regarding cost, access and coercion cannot be ruled out but likely remain short-term issues. As a result, it is proposed that these running shoes are acceptable forms of technology but that ongoing vigilance will be required as such technologies develop further in the future. CONCLUSIONS The Nike Vaporfly/Alphafly shoes do push the perceived acceptability of running shoes to the limits of the current sports regulations. However, the alleged gains have not manifested themselves to a level that could be considered excessive when reviewing historical performances or when evaluated against a set of well-cited criteria. The sport will need to adopt a stance of ongoing vigilance as such technologies continue to develop or be optimised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Dyer
- Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK.
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10
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Carlos LP, Ezequiel R, Anton K. How does Video Assistant Referee (VAR) modify the game in elite soccer? INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1646521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lago-Peñas Carlos
- Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rey Ezequiel
- Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Kalén Anton
- Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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11
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Schipman J, Gallo P, Marc A, Antero J, Toussaint JF, Sedeaud A, Marck A. Age-Related Changes in Para and Wheelchair Racing Athlete's Performances. Front Physiol 2019; 10:256. [PMID: 30949064 PMCID: PMC6436002 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, all para-athletes with disabilities have significantly increased their performance level due to technological progress and human investment, through better training or recovery protocols, medical care and nutritional monitoring. Among these elements, the athlete’s age is one of the determining factors in performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on maximal performances for para-athletes and wheelchair racing athletes, scaled on able-bodied records. We collected 53,554 results including athlete’s best performance of the year, event, age and disability classification from the International Paralympic Committee competitions between 2009 and 2017 for both female and male para-athletics and wheelchair racing disciplines for a total of 472 sport events in Track and Field (considering each impairment type for each event) and gathered the all-time able-bodied records from the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) at the end of 2017. Maximal performance by age was fitted with the Moore function for each para-athletics and wheelchair racing event. This study finds a similar age-related pattern in maximal performance among para-athletes and wheelchair racing athletes. The age at peak performance varies according to sex, impairment type and event and increases gradually from sprint to endurance events. The best Top 100 performances include a large age range suggesting that performance has probably not been optimized yet for most elite para-athletes and wheelchair racers. The next Paralympic Games of Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024 will certainly offer exceptional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schipman
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pasquale Gallo
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut de Formation en Masso-Kinésithérapie Valentin Haüy, Paris, France
| | - Andy Marc
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Juliana Antero
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigations en Médecine du Sport, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Sedeaud
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Marck
- Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale et d'Épidémiologie du Sport, EA 7329, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Programme Interdisciplinaire de Recherche la Dynamique du Vieillir, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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12
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Egan S, Brama P, McGrath D. Research trends in equine movement analysis, future opportunities and potential barriers in the digital age: A scoping review from 1978 to 2018. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:813-824. [PMID: 30659639 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since Muybridge's 'horse in motion', researchers in the equine movement analysis field continue to improve objective analysis and performance monitoring while ensuring representative data capture. However, subjective evaluation remains the primary method of equine gait analysis in the applied setting, despite evidence highlighting the unreliability of this approach. OBJECTIVES To map research trends, limitations and opportunities across the diverse equine gait analysis literature. STUDY DESIGN Joanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane systematic scoping review. METHODS Search terms were chosen based on the 'PICO' framework and included keywords such as: Equine, Gait, Kinematics and Analysis. Studies were excluded based on predetermined criteria by two independent researchers. Data were extracted from 510 articles from 1978 to 2018. RESULTS Insights derived from movement analysis appear to be driven by tool availability. Observational research (42.9%) was the most popular study design. Use of wearable technology as a primary research tool is established within the field, accounting for 13.5% of studies. Analysis of limitations identified 17.8% of studies citing challenges to the transferability of research results. Restricted sample size appears to be an underlying contributor to many of the limitations identified. In terms of research opportunities, advances in intervention studies were called for (10.4% of studies) in the following three areas; clinical, rehabilitative exercise and performance/training. MAIN LIMITATIONS This review was confined to research in the English language. CONCLUSIONS Standardised research reporting may alleviate sample size issues by facilitating data pooling, database creation and meta-analyses. Large holistic data collections and application frameworks based on wearable technologies are not reflected in the current equine gait analysis literature and thus represent an interesting opportunity for this field. Progress and lessons learned from the human field of movement analysis can be useful in supporting this potential development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Egan
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Brama
- Section Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D McGrath
- Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Dyer B. An investigation into the relationship between paracycling athletes and their prosthetics technology: a proposed design framework. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 15:166-172. [PMID: 30689473 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1549275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Product attachment has been stated as an emotional relationship an end-user may develop with a tangible product or artefact. The objective of this study is to investigate this relationship with athletes who possess limb absence and utilise assistive sports technology competitively.Method: Five elite paracyclists were surveyed using a modified 31 question product attachment survey. The survey comprised the ability to capture both closed-ended and open-ended data. The survey design itself was derived from three previously validated product relationship questionnaires.Results: Four elite athletes with limb absence did not provide any firm evidence or indication to support the concept of a non-physical relationship with their prosthetic device. However, some respondents had (or wished) to incorporate some form of aesthetic-based prosthetic personalisation or customisation, as long as this did not impact on the prostheses functional performance. Furthermore, a thematic analysis of the participant's responses yielded a four-point assistive technology design philosophy framework. The emerging thematic areas were 1) The identification of the factors that influence performance in the athletes chosen sport; 2) To consider an 'appearance follows performance' approach; 3) To conduct sports specific trials of the prosthetic limb; and 4) To identify any need for prostheses decorative personalisation.Conclusions: The survey revealed some anecdotes of a sports technology to user relationship but this will require further exploration with different and larger sample populations. Use of the proposed four-point framework may help inform practitioners of what considerations could provide greater end-user satisfaction when designing and developing specialised prosthetic limbs for elite-level sport.Implications for rehabilitationWhilst the formal characteristics of product attachment were not broadly identified in this study, some indications may give credence for prosthetists to consider an "appearance follows performance" approach to sports prostheses design. This may improve end-user satisfaction with their assistive technology.The inclusion of prosthetic post-manufacture decoration and personalization would seem to be desirable to the end-user.By adopting the feedback given in this study, undertaking trials conducted at a race-specific intensity of the athlete end-user may reduce the need to perform post-manufacture ad-hoc prostheses modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Dyer
- Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
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