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Liu P, Zhang B, Li Y, Yuan Q. Potential mechanisms of cancer prevention and treatment by sulforaphane, a natural small molecule compound of plant-derived. Mol Med 2024; 30:94. [PMID: 38902597 PMCID: PMC11191161 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tumor diagnosis and treatment technologies, the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide continues to increase yearly, creating an urgent need to find new methods to prevent or treat cancer. Sulforaphane (SFN), as a member of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) family, which is the hydrolysis product of glucosinolates (GLs), has been shown to have significant preventive and therapeutic cancer effects in different human cancers. Early studies have shown that SFN scavenges oxygen radicals by increasing cellular defenses against oxidative damage, mainly through the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). More and more studies have shown that the anticancer mechanism of SFN also includes induction of apoptotic pathway in tumor cells, inhibition of cell cycle progression, and suppression of tumor stem cells. Therefore, the application of SFN is expected to be a necessary new approach to treating cancer. In this paper, we review the multiple molecular mechanisms of SFN in cancer prevention and treatment in recent years, which can provide a new vision for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhang C, Wu Q, Yao K, Jin G, Zhao S, Zhang J, Zheng W, Xu B, Zu Y, Yuan J, Liu K, Guo Y. Sulforaphene suppresses oesophageal cancer growth through mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 2 in a PDX mouse model. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:4708-4720. [PMID: 37970356 PMCID: PMC10636680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sulforaphene has potential anticancer effects, little is known about its effect on oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) invasiveness. METHODS To investigate whether sulforaphene inhibits the growth of oesophageal cancer cells, MTT and anchorage-independent cell growth assays were performed. Global changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome of oesophageal cancer cells after sulforaphene treatment were analysed by mass spectrometry (MS), and the underlying molecular mechanism was further verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Sulforaphene treatment markedly affected proteins that regulate several cellular processes in oesophageal cancer cells, and mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 2 (MSK2) was the main genetic target of sulforaphene in reducing the growth of oesophageal cancer cells. Sulforaphene significantly suppressed ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and reduced the tumour size in an oesophageal patient-derived xenograft (PDX) SCID mouse model. Furthermore, the binding of sulforaphane to MSK2 in vitro was verified using a cellular thermal dhift assay, and the effect of MSK2 knockdown on the ESCC phenotype was observed using a shMSK2 model. CONCLUSION The results showed that sulforaphene suppresses ESCC growth in both human oesophageal squamous cells and PDX mouse model by inhibiting MSK2 expression, implicating sulforaphene as a promising candidate for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Zhang
- Center of Bio-Repository, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular PathologyZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of MinnesotaAustin, MN, USA
| | - Guoguo Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chronic Disease Management, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Zheng
- Center of Bio-Repository, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yingling Zu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Center of Bio-Repository, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer InstituteZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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Sulforaphane Upregulates Cultured Mouse Astrocytic Aquaporin-4 Expression through p38 MAPK Pathway. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1144124. [PMID: 35991296 PMCID: PMC9385362 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1144124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and/or aggregation are common pathological features associated with a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). Abnormal protein aggregation may be caused by misfolding of the protein and/or dysfunction of the protein clearance system. Recent studies have demonstrated that the specific water channel protein, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involving protein clearance system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of sulforaphane (SFN) in the upregulation of AQP4 expression, along with its underlying mechanism using cultured mouse astrocytes as a model system. At low concentrations, SFN was found to increase cell proliferation and result in the activation of astrocytes. However, high SFN concentrations were found to suppress cell proliferation of astrocytes. In addition, our study found that a 1 μM concentration of SFN resulted in the upregulation of AQP4 expression and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in cultured mouse astrocytes. Moreover, we demonstrated that the upregulation of AQP4 expression was significantly attenuated when cells were pretreated with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings from this study revealed that SFN exerts hormesis effect on cultured mouse astrocytes and can upregulate astrocytic AQP4 expression by targeting the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Wang G, Lin X, Han H, Zhang H, Li X, Feng M, Jiang C. lncRNA H19 promotes glioblastoma multiforme development by activating autophagy by sponging miR-491-5p. Bioengineered 2022; 13:11440-11455. [PMID: 35506168 PMCID: PMC9275997 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2065947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant cancer with severely poor survival, and the cells continue to thrive during hypoxia and toxic stress through autophagy. To validate the oncogenic role of long noncoding RNA H19 in GBM progression and examine whether autophagy and/or miR-491-5p participate in the process. The expression of H19 and autophagy-related genes in GBM and healthy control tissues was assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy were respectively determined via cell counting kit-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and green fluorescent protein–microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha fluorescence analysis in vitro. Furthermore, a rescue assay was performed using rapamycin or miR-491-5p antagomir to examine the role of autophagy or miR-491-5p in H19-mediated regulation of proliferation and apoptosis. RNA pull-down and dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to analyze the interaction between H19 and miR-491-5p. Additionally, tumor growth in a xenograft-bearing mouse model and autophagy in tumor mass were analyzed in vivo. The expression H19 was increased in GBM and was positively correlated with LC3 or Beclin-1. Silencing H19 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo, and miR-491-5p was identified as one of the important mediators. H19 regulated the autophagy signaling pathway at least partly via miR-491-5p. Increased H19 expression in GBM exerts oncogenic effects by sponging miR-491-5p and enhancing autophagy. Therefore, H19 may be explored as a target for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Han Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hongxu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Gasparello J, Papi C, Zurlo M, Gambari L, Rozzi A, Manicardi A, Corradini R, Gambari R, Finotti A. Treatment of Human Glioblastoma U251 Cells with Sulforaphane and a Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Targeting miR-15b-5p: Synergistic Effects on Induction of Apoptosis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041299. [PMID: 35209084 PMCID: PMC8875359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal malignant tumor accounting for 42% of the tumors of the central nervous system, the median survival being 15 months. At present, no curative treatment is available for GBM and new drugs and therapeutic protocols are urgently needed. In this context, combined therapy appears to be a very interesting approach. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) has been previously shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit the growth and invasion of GBM cells. On the other hand, the microRNA miR-15b is involved in invasiveness and proliferation in GBM and its inhibition is associated with the induction of apoptosis. On the basis of these observations, the objective of the present study was to determine whether a combined treatment using SFN and a peptide nucleic acid interfering with miR-15b-5p (PNA-a15b) might be proposed for increasing the pro-apoptotic effects of the single agents. To verify this hypothesis, we have treated GMB U251 cells with SFN alone, PNA-a15b alone or their combination. The cell viability, apoptosis and combination index were, respectively, analyzed by calcein staining, annexin-V and caspase-3/7 assays, and RT-qPCR for genes involved in apoptosis. The efficacy of the PNA-a15b determined the miR-15b-5p content analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results obtained indicate that SFN and PNA-a15b synergistically act in inducing the apoptosis of U251 cells. Therefore, the PNA-a15b might be proposed in a “combo-therapy” associated with SFN. Overall, this study suggests the feasibility of using combined treatments based on PNAs targeting miRNA involved in GBM and nutraceuticals able to stimulate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gasparello
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Chiara Papi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Matteo Zurlo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Rozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Alex Manicardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Corradini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0532-974443 (R.G.); +39-0532-974510 (A.F.); Fax: +39-0532-974500 (R.G. & A.F.)
| | - Alessia Finotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.G.); (C.P.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (R.G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0532-974443 (R.G.); +39-0532-974510 (A.F.); Fax: +39-0532-974500 (R.G. & A.F.)
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6
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Scuto M, Ontario ML, Salinaro AT, Caligiuri I, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Modafferi S, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Redox modulation by plant polyphenols targeting vitagenes for chemoprevention and therapy: Relevance to novel anti-cancer interventions and mini-brain organoid technology. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:59-75. [PMID: 34929315 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The scientific community, recently, has focused notable attention on the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of dietary polyphenols for human health. Emerging evidence demonstrates that polyphenols, flavonoids and vitamins counteract and neutralize genetic and environmental stressors, particularly oxidative stress and inflammatory process closely connected to cancer initiation, promotion and progression. Interestingly, polyphenols can exert antioxidant or pro-oxidant cytotoxic effects depending on their endogenous concentration. Notably, polyphenols at high dose act as pro-oxidants in a wide type of cancer cells by inhibiting Nrf2 pathway and the expression of antioxidant vitagenes, such as NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), glutathione transferase (GT), GPx, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) and thioredoxin (Trx) system which play an essential role in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detoxification of xenobiotics and inhibition of cancer progression, by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest according to the hormesis approach. Importantly, mutagenesis of Nrf2 pathway can exacerbate its "dark side" role, representing a crucial event in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis. Herein, we review the hormetic effects of polyphenols and nanoincapsulated-polyphenols in chemoprevention and treatment of brain tumors via activation or inhibition of Nrf2/vitagenes to suppress carcinogenesis in the early stages, and thus inhibit its progression. Lastly, we discuss innovative preclinical approaches through mini-brain tumor organoids to study human carcinogenesis, from basic cancer research to clinical practice, as promising tools to recapitulate the arrangement of structural neuronal tissues and biological functions of the human brain, as well as test drug toxicity and drive personalized and precision medicine in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy.
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Francesco Rampulla
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zimbone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'Foscari University of Venice, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124, Catania, Italy.
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Sulforaphane Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma U87MG and U373MG Cell Lines under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011201. [PMID: 34681862 PMCID: PMC8541491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor. The median survival rate from diagnosis ranges from 15 to 17 months because the tumor is resistant to most therapeutic strategies. GBM exhibits microvascular hyperplasia and pronounced necrosis triggered by hypoxia. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, has already demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, by provoking cell cycle arrest, and leading to apoptosis in many cell lines. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of SFN [20-80 μM for 48 h] in GBM cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot results revealed that SFN could induce apoptosis of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner, under both conditions. In particular, SFN significantly induced caspase 3/7 activation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, our results demonstrated that SFN suppressed GBM cells proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the S-phase, also under hypoxic condition, and that these effects may be due in part to its ability to induce oxidative stress by reducing glutathione levels and to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Overall, we hypothesized that SFN treatment might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy, alone or in combination, against GBM.
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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Jardim FR, Almeida FJSD, Luckachaki MD, Oliveira MRD. Effects of sulforaphane on brain mitochondria: mechanistic view and future directions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:263-279. [PMID: 32253837 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The organosulfur compound sulforaphane (SFN; C6H11NOS2) is a potent cytoprotective agent promoting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiglycative, and antimicrobial effects in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Mitochondria are the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production due to the work of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. They are also the main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nucleated human cells. Mitochondrial impairment is central in several human diseases, including neurodegeneration and metabolic disorders. In this paper, we describe and discuss the effects and mechanisms of action by which SFN modulates mitochondrial function and dynamics in mammalian cells. Mitochondria-related pro-apoptotic effects promoted by SFN in tumor cells are also discussed. SFN may be considered a cytoprotective agent, at least in part, because of the effects this organosulfur agent induces in mitochondria. Nonetheless, there are certain points that should be addressed in further experiments, indicated here as future directions, which may help researchers in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rafaela Jardim
- Forensic Institute, Forensic Toxicology Division, Postmortem Toxicology Sector, CEP 90160-093, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fhelipe Jolner Souza de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Roberto de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), CEP 78060-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry Prof. "Tuiskon Dick", Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), CEP 90035-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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10
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Wang F, Liu P, An H, Zhang Y. Sulforaphane suppresses the viability and metastasis, and promotes the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of FAT‑1. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1085-1095. [PMID: 32705150 PMCID: PMC7387090 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FAT atypical cadherin 1 (FAT1) regulates complex mechanisms for the promotion of oncogenesis or the suppression of malignancies. Sulforaphane (SFN) has antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. The present study investigated the roles of SFN and FAT1 in bladder cancer (BC). The expression of FAT1 in BC cell lines and tissues was measured by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The association between FAT1 expression and the 5-year survival rate of patients with BC was evaluated. The viability of and FAT1 expression in T24 and SW780 cells exposed to various concentrations of SFN were detected by MTT assay, and western blot analysis and RT-qPCR, respectively. Furthermore, the viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis of and FAT1 expression in BC cells subjected to FAT1 overexpression or knockdown, and with or without SFN stimulation, were examined. The results revealed that FAT1 expression in BC cells and tissues was increased, and patients with a high FAT-1 expression had a shorter 5-year survival time than those with a low FAT-1 expression. BC cell viability and FAT1 expression were suppressed by SFN in a concentration-dependent manner. The knockdown of FAT1 inhibited the viability, migration and invasion, and promoted the apoptosis of BC cells, whereas the overexpression of FAT1 produced opposite effects. In addition, cells exposed to SFN exhibited a reduced viability, migration, invasion and an increased apoptosis, effects which were promoted by FAT1 knockdown; however, the overexpression of FAT1 blocked the above-mentioned effects of SFN on the cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that SFN suppresses the progression of BC by inhibiting the expression of FAT-1; thus, SFN may be used as a potential drug for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Clinical Innovation and Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, P.R. China
| | - Penghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Hexiang An
- Department of Urology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
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Bao B, Zhang MQ, Chen ZY, Wu XB, Xia ZB, Chai JY, Yin XP. Sulforaphane prevents PC12 cells from oxidative damage via the Nrf2 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4890-4896. [PMID: 31059012 PMCID: PMC6522909 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridine ion (MPP+)-induced cytotoxicity and to investigate its possible mechanisms. Methods: PC12 cell toxicity induced by MPP+ served as a cell model of Parkinson's diseases. The cell culture + experiments were divided into four groups based on the different treatments, namely, vehicle control, SFN, MPP+ and SFN pretreatment plus MPP+. Cell viability and apoptosis were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and nicotinamide quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) were detected using western blotting. Results: MPP+ reduced the survival rate of PC12 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-h treatment with 500 µmol/l MPP+, the survival rate of PC12 cells decreased to 58.2±0.03% of that in the control groups. Under the same conditions MPP+ resulted in significant apoptosis of PC12 cells (apoptosis rate: 30.4±0.6%). However, SFN pretreatment significantly attenuated the cell damage induced by MPP+. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that SFN reversed the reduction of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by MPP+. Conclusion: SFN may protect PC12 cells from MPP+-induced damage via activating the Nrf2-ARE (antioxidant responsive element) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Man-Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bing Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Bing Xia
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yan Chai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang College, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 33200, P.R. China
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12
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Cui D, Liang T, Sun L, Meng L, Yang C, Wang L, Liang T, Li Q. Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles with extract of hawthorn fruit induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:528-534. [PMID: 30387372 PMCID: PMC6225412 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1510974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their unique properties and potential bioactivities. Considering that hawthorn is both a traditional medicine and a common edible food, hawthorn fruit extract (HE) was chosen as a reductant to prepare SeNPs. OBJECTIVE SeNPs were synthesized by using an aqueous HE as a reductant and stabilizer. The antitumor activities and potential mechanisms of SeNPs were explored by using a series of cellular assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HE mediated SeNPs (HE-SeNPs) were examined using various characterisation methods. The cytotoxicity was measured against HepG2 cells after treated with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL of HE-SeNPs for 24 h. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis was performed to observe the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Additionally, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated. Finally, the protein expression levels of caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were identified by Western blot. RESULTS The mono-dispersed and stable SeNPs were prepared with an average size of 113 nm. HE-SeNPs showed obvious antitumor activities towards HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 19.22 ± 5.3 μg/mL. Results from flow cytometry revealed that both early and total apoptosis rates increased after treating with HE-SeNPs. After cells were treated with various concentrations of HE-SeNPs (5, 10 and 20 μg/mL) for 24 h, the total rate increased to 7.3 ± 0.5, 9.7 ± 1.7 and 19.2 ± 1.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, treatment of HE-SeNPs up-regulated intracellular ROS levels and reduced the MMP. In addition, HE-SeNPs induced the up-regulation of caspase-9 and down-regulation of Bcl-2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS HE-SeNPs induced intracellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to initiate HepG2 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, HE-SeNPs may be a candidate for further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liqian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liqiang Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Congcong Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Liwei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Taigang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
| | - Qingshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
- Shanxi University of Chinese medicine, Jinzhong, PR China
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13
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Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables: Recent Advances to Improve Glioblastoma Treatment. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111755. [PMID: 30441761 PMCID: PMC6267435 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli and broccoli sprouts, has been widely investigated due to its promising health-promoting properties in disease, and low toxicity in normal tissue. Although not yet fully understood, many mechanisms of anticancer activity at each step of cancer development have been attributed to this ITC. Given the promising data available regarding SFN, this review aimed to provide an overview on the potential activities of SFN related to the cellular mechanisms involved in glioblastoma (GBM) progression. GBM is the most frequent malignant brain tumor among adults and is currently an incurable disease due mostly to its highly invasive phenotype, and the poor efficacy of the available therapies. Despite all efforts, the median overall survival of GBM patients remains approximately 1.5 years under therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide support for translating the progress in understanding the molecular background of GBM into more complex, but promising therapeutic strategies, in which SFN may find a leading role.
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14
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Yen GC, Tsai CM, Lu CC, Weng CJ. Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:940-964. [PMID: 29976413 PMCID: PMC9303016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From several decades ago to now, cancer continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide, and metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths. For health benefits, there is a great desire to use non-chemical therapy such as nutraceutical supplementation to prevent pathology development. Over 10,000 different natural bioactives or phytochemicals have been known that possessing potential preventive or supplementary effects for various diseases including cancer. Previously, the in vitro and in vivo anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities of phenolic acids, monophenol, polyphenol and their derivatives and flavonoids and their derivatives have been reviewed. However, a vast number of natural dietary compounds other than phenolics have been demonstrated to potentially possess the ability to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of various cancers. In this review, we summarize the studies in recent decade on in vitro and in vivo effects and molecular mechanisms of natural bioactives, excluding the phenolics in food, in cancer invasion and metastasis. By combining this review of non-phenolics with the previous phenolics reviews, the puzzle for the contribution of natural dietary bioactives on cancer invasive or/and metastatic progress will be almost complete and more clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Man Tsai
- Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Weng
- Department of Living Services Industry, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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15
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Generation of a PAX6 knockout glioblastoma cell line with changes in cell cycle distribution and sensitivity to oxidative stress. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:496. [PMID: 29716531 PMCID: PMC5930953 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor PAX6 is expressed in various cancers. In anaplastic astrocytic glioma, PAX6 expression is inversely related to tumor grade, resulting in low PAX6 expression in Glioblastoma, the highest-grade astrocytic glioma. The aim of the present study was to develop a PAX6 knock out cell line as a tool for molecular studies of the roles PAX6 have in attenuating glioblastoma tumor progression. METHODS The CRISPR-Cas9 technique was used to knock out PAX6 in U251 N cells. Viral transduction of a doxycycline inducible EGFP-PAX6 expression vector was used to re-introduce (rescue) PAX6 expression in the PAX6 knock out cells. The knock out and rescued cells were rigorously characterized by analyzing morphology, proliferation, colony forming abilities and responses to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents. RESULTS The knock out cells had increased proliferation and colony forming abilities compared to wild type cells, consistent with clinical observations indicating that PAX6 functions as a tumor-suppressor. Cell cycle distribution and sensitivity to H2O2 induced oxidative stress were further studied, as well as the effect of different chemotherapeutic agents. For the PAX6 knock out cells, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase increased compared to PAX6 control cells, indicating that PAX6 keeps U251 N cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, PAX6 knock out cells were more resilient to H2O2 induced oxidative stress than wild type cells. Chemotherapy treatment is known to generate oxidative stress, hence the effect of several chemotherapeutic agents were tested. We discovered interesting differences in the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs (Temozolomide, Withaferin A and Sulforaphane) between the PAX6 expressing and non-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS The U251 N PAX6 knock out cell lines generated can be used as a tool to study the molecular functions and mechanisms of PAX6 as a tumor suppressor with regard to tumor progression and treatment of glioblastoma.
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16
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Arcidiacono P, Ragonese F, Stabile A, Pistilli A, Kuligina E, Rende M, Bottoni U, Calvieri S, Crisanti A, Spaccapelo R. Antitumor activity and expression profiles of genes induced by sulforaphane in human melanoma cells. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2547-2569. [PMID: 28864908 PMCID: PMC6182666 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Human melanoma is a highly aggressive incurable cancer due to intrinsic cellular resistance to apoptosis, reprogramming, proliferation and survival during tumour progression. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, plays a role in carcinogenesis in many cancer types. However, the cytotoxic molecular mechanisms and gene expression profiles promoted by SFN in human melanoma remain unknown. Methods Three different cell lines were used: two human melanoma A375 and 501MEL and human epidermal melanocytes (HEMa). Cell viability and proliferation, cell cycle analysis, cell migration and invasion and protein expression and phosphorylation status of Akt and p53 upon SFN treatment were determined. RNA-seq of A375 was performed at different time points after SFN treatment. Results We demonstrated that SFN strongly decreased cell viability and proliferation, induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis through the activation of caspases 3, 8, 9 and hampered migration and invasion abilities in the melanoma cell lines. Remarkably, HEMa cells were not affected by SFN treatment. Transcriptomic analysis revealed regulation of genes involved in response to stress, apoptosis/cell death and metabolic processes. SFN upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, such as p53, BAX, PUMA, FAS and MDM2; promoted cell cycle inhibition and growth arrest by upregulating EGR1, GADD45B, ATF3 and CDKN1A; and simultaneously acted as a potent inhibitor of genotoxicity by launching the stress-inducible protein network (HMOX1, HSPA1A, HSPA6, SOD1). Conclusion Overall, the data show that SFN cytotoxicity in melanoma derives from complex and concurrent mechanisms during carcinogenesis, which makes it a promising cancer prevention agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1527-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Arcidiacono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132, Perugia, Italy.,Dermatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Stabile
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistilli
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Kuligina
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132, Perugia, Italy.,N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Saint Petersburg, 197758, Russia
| | - Mario Rende
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ugo Bottoni
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Calvieri
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Crisanti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United KingdomDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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17
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Bayat Mokhtari R, Baluch N, Homayouni TS, Morgatskaya E, Kumar S, Kazemi P, Yeger H. The role of Sulforaphane in cancer chemoprevention and health benefits: a mini-review. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 12:91-101. [PMID: 28735362 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multi-stage process resulting from aberrant signaling pathways driving uncontrolled proliferation of transformed cells. The development and progression of cancer from a premalignant lesion towards a metastatic tumor requires accumulation of mutations in many regulatory genes of the cell. Different chemopreventative approaches have been sought to interfere with initiation and control malignant progression. Here we present research on dietary compounds with evidence of cancer prevention activity that highlights the potential beneficial effect of a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables. The Brassica family of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli is a rich source of glucosinolates, which are metabolized to isothiocyanate compounds. Amongst a number of related variants of isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) has surfaced as a particularly potent chemopreventive agent based on its ability to target multiple mechanisms within the cell to control carcinogenesis. Anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and modulation of histones are some of the more important and known mechanisms by which SFN exerts chemoprevention. The effect of SFN on cancer stem cells is another area of interest that has been explored in recent years and may contribute to its chemopreventive properties. In this paper, we briefly review structure, pharmacology and preclinical studies highlighting chemopreventive effects of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bayat Mokhtari
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sickkids Research Center, Peter Gilgan Centre, 686 Bay St., Rm 15.9714, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Narges Baluch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Richardson Laboratory, Queen's University, 88 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tina S Homayouni
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evgeniya Morgatskaya
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Parandis Kazemi
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Sickkids Research Center, Peter Gilgan Centre, 686 Bay St., Rm 15.9714, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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18
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Wu S, Zhou Y, Yang G, Tian H, Geng Y, Hu Y, Lin K, Wu W. Sulforaphane-cysteine induces apoptosis by sustained activation of ERK1/2 and caspase 3 in human glioblastoma U373MG and U87MG cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2829-2838. [PMID: 28393231 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) inhibited invasion via sustained activation of ERK1/2 in human glioblastoma cells. However, sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys), an analog of SFN, enriched in plasma with longer half-life, had more potentiality to induce apoptosis. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of SFN-Cys-induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma U373MG and U87MG cells. Cell viability assay showed that SFN-Cys inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Cell morphology observation also showed SFN-Cys increased the phenotype of cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, flow cytometry assay showed that SFN-Cys induced apoptosis significantly in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that SFN-Cys induced activation of ERK1/2 in a sustained manner and the activation contributed to upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved caspase 3, and these results can be reversed by the ERK1/2 blocker PD98059. Our results showed that SFN-Cys induced cell apoptosis via sustained activation of ERK1/2 and the ERK1/2 mediated signaling pathways such as activation of caspase 3 and apoptosis-related proteins, thus indicating that SFN-Cys might be a more promising therapeutic agent versus SFN to resist glioblastoma cells, especially in Taxol-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gaoxiang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Geng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Kai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Chen KL, Jung P, Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul E, Liguori C, Lumibao J, Mazewski C, Ranard K, Rowles JL, Wang Y, Xue L, Madak-Erdogan Z. Impact of Diet and Nutrition on Cancer Hallmarks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7. [PMID: 30581989 DOI: 10.15406/jcpcr.2017.07.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are undeniably two factors that have a major impact on the prevention, progression, and treatment of various cancers. In this review, we will discuss how bioactives from diet and nutritional status affect each of the hallmarks of cancer. We will present recent research and discuss using diet and nutrition as a means to prevent and treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Chen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Carli Liguori
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Jan Lumibao
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | | | - Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Louisa Xue
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, USA
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20
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Bayat N, Ebrahimi-Barough S, Norouzi-Javidan A, Saberi H, Tajerian R, Ardakan MMM, Shirian S, Ai A, Ai J. Apoptotic effect of atorvastatin in glioblastoma spheroids tumor cultured in fibrin gel. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1959-1966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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