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Chagas ACS, Ribeiro DM, Osório H, Abreu AAP, Okino CH, Niciura SCM, Amarante AFT, Bello HJS, Melito GR, Esteves SN, Almeida AM. Molecular signatures of Haemonchus contortus infection in sheep: A comparative serum proteomic study on susceptible and resistant sheep breeds. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110280. [PMID: 39116550 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Due to the negative impact of Haemonchus contortus in the tropics and subtropics, the detection of serum protein profiles that occur in infected sheep is of high relevance for targeted selective treatment strategies (TST). Herein, we integrated proteomics with phenotypic traits to elucidate physiological mechanisms associated to H. contortus infection in susceptible (Dorper - D) and resistant (Santa Inês - S) sheep breeds. Naïve female lambs were infected with H. contortus third-stage larvae on day zero (D0), and samples were collected weekly, for 28 days. Feces were used for individual fecal egg counts (FEC) blood for packed cell volume (PCV) and serum for specific antibody quantification through ELISA. Sera was collected on D0 (-) and D21 (+), and analyzed using a LC-MS/MS based proteomics approach. FEC, PCV, and anti-H. contortus antibody levels confirmed the absence of infection on D0. On D28 there was a significant difference between the two breeds for logFEC means (D = 3774 and S = 3141, p=0.033) and PCV means (D = 16.3 % and S = 24.3 %, p=0.038). From a total of 754 proteins identified, 68 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were noted. Phosphopyruvate hydratase (ENO3) was a DAP in all comparisons, while S+ vs D+ and S- vs D- shared the highest number of DAPs (8). Each of the four experimental groups clustered separately in a principal component analysis (PCA) of protein profile. Among the DAPs, proteins associated with the innate and adaptive immune system were detected when comparing S- vs D- and S+ vs D+. In D-, some proteins were linked to stress response to handling, sampling and heat. Focusing on the consequences of infection in each breed, in the D+ vs D- comparison, upregulated proteins were associated with inflammation control and immune response, where downregulated proteins pointed to a negative impact of infection on tissue anabolism, compromising muscle growth and fat deposition. In the S+ vs S- comparison, upregulated proteins were related to immune response, while the downregulated proteins were possibly linked to muscular development and growth, impaired by infection. Collectively, it can be concluded that ENO3 regulation emerges as a potential factor underlying the differential immune response observed between Santa Inês and Dorper sheep infected with H. contortus. In turn, detected acute phase proteins (APPs) reinforce their relation with infection, inflammation and stress conditions, whereas THEMIS-like may contribute to the immune system in Dorper. GSDMD, Guanylate-binding protein and ACAN warrant further investigation as possible biomarkers for TST strategy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina S Chagas
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - David M Ribeiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (LEAF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana A P Abreu
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cintia H Okino
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Simone C M Niciura
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | | | - Hornblenda J S Bello
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Gláucia R Melito
- Centro Universitário Central Paulista (UNICEP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio N Esteves
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - André M Almeida
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center (LEAF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Jorge-Smeding E, Leung YH, Ruiz-González A, Xu W, Astessiano AL, Trujillo AI, Rico DE, Kenéz Á. Plasma and milk metabolomics revealed changes in amino acid metabolism in Holstein dairy cows under heat stress. Animal 2024; 18:101049. [PMID: 38215677 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of metabolic alterations triggered by heat stress is incomplete, which limits the designing of nutritional strategies to mitigate negative productive and health effects. Thus, this study aimed to explore the metabolic responses of heat-stressed dairy cows to dietary supplementation with vitamin D3/Ca and vitamin E/Se. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled in a split-plot Latin square design with two distinct vitamin E/Se supplementation levels, either at a low (ESe-, n = 6, 11.1 IU/kg vitamin E and 0.55 mg/kg Se) or a high dose (ESe+, n = 6 223 IU/kg vitamin E and 1.8 mg/kg Se) as the main plot. Treatment subplots, arranged in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, comprised heat challenge (Temperature Humidity Index, THI: 72.0-82.0) supplemented with different levels of vitamin D3/Ca: either low (HS/DCa-, 1 012 IU/kg and 0.73%, respectively) or high (HS/DCa+, 3 764 IU/kg and 0.97%, respectively), and a pair-fed control group in thermoneutrality (THI = 61.0-64.0) receiving the low dose of vitamin D3/Ca (TN). The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolome profile was determined in blood plasma and milk sampled at the beginning (day 0) and end (day 14) of each experimental period. The results were analyzed for the effect of (1) TN vs. HS/ESe-/DCa-, and (2) the vitamin E/Se and vitamin D3/Ca supplementation. No group or group × day effects were detected in the plasma metabolome (false discovery rate, FDR > 0.05), except for triglyceride 52:2 being higher (FDR = 0.03) on day 0 than 14. Taurine, creatinine and butyryl-carnitine showed group × day interactions in the milk metabolome (FDR ≤ 0.05) as creatinine (+22%) and butyryl-carnitine (+190%) were increased (P < 0.01) on day 14, and taurine was decreased (-65%, P < 0.01) on day 14 in the heat stress (HS) cows, compared with day 0. Most compounds were unaffected by vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca supplementation level or their interaction (FDR > 0.05) in plasma and milk, except for milk alanine which was lower (-69%, FDR = 0.03) in the E/Se+ groups, compared with E/Se-. Our results indicated that HS triggered more prominent changes in the milk than in the plasma metabolome, with consistent results in milk suggesting increased muscle catabolism, as reflected by increased creatinine, alanine and citrulline levels. Supplementing with high levels of vitamin E/Se or vitamin D3/Ca or their combination did not appear to affect the metabolic remodeling triggered by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jorge-Smeding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - Y H Leung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Ruiz-González
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault G0A 1S0, QC, Canada; Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, QC, Canada
| | - W Xu
- Department of Biosystems, Biosystems Technology Cluster, KU Leuven, Geel 3001, Belgium
| | - A L Astessiano
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - A I Trujillo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Pasturas, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Avda Garzón 780, Montevideo, CP 12900, Uruguay
| | - D E Rico
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault (CRSAD), Deschambault G0A 1S0, QC, Canada
| | - Á Kenéz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Vegni J, Sun Y, Seemann SE, Zappaterra M, Davoli R, Dall’Olio S, Gorodkin J, Zambonelli P. RNA-Seq Study on the Longissimus thoracis Muscle of Italian Large White Pigs Fed Extruded Linseed with or without Antioxidants and Polyphenols. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071187. [PMID: 37048443 PMCID: PMC10093021 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) to the swine diet increases their content in muscle cells, and the additional supplementation of antioxidants promotes their oxidative stability. However, to date, the functionality of these components within muscle tissue is not well understood. Using a published RNA-seq dataset and a selective workflow, the study aimed to find the differences in gene expression and investigate how differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were implicated in the cellular composition and metabolism of muscle tissue of 48 Italian Large White pigs under different dietary conditions. A functional enrichment analysis of DEGs, using Cytoscape, revealed that the diet enriched with extruded linseed and supplemented with vitamin E and selenium promoted a more rapid and massive immune system response because the overall function of muscle tissue was improved, while those enriched with extruded linseed and supplemented with grape skin and oregano extracts promoted the presence and oxidative stability of n-3 PUFAs, increasing the anti-inflammatory potential of the muscular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vegni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan E. Seemann
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Dall’Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for Non-Coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +45-23375667 (J.G.); +39-051-2088055 (P.Z.)
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (P.Z.); Tel.: +45-23375667 (J.G.); +39-051-2088055 (P.Z.)
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Integrated Omics analysis of pig muscle metabolism under the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and exogenous enzymes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16992. [PMID: 36216870 PMCID: PMC9551059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogastric feeding is dependent on costly conventional feedstuffs. Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are a sustainable alternative; however, its recalcitrant cell wall hinders monogastric digestion. Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) supplementation is a possible solution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 5% dietary C. vulgaris (CV) and enzymatic supplementation (CV + R-Rovabio® Excel AP; CV + M-four CAZyme mix) on muscle transcriptome and proteome of finishing pigs, in an integrated approach. Control pigs increased the abundance of contractile apparatus (MYH1, MYH2, MYH4) and energy metabolism (CKMT1, NDUFS3) proteins, demonstrating increased nutrient availability. They had increased expression of SCD, characteristic of increased glucose availability, via the activation of SREBP-1c and ChREBP. CV and CV + R pigs upregulated proteolytic and apoptotic genes (BAX, DDA1), whilst increasing the abundance of glucose (UQCRFS1) and fatty acid catabolism (ACADS) proteins. CV + R pigs upregulated ACOT8 and SIRT3 genes as a response to reduced nutrient availability, maintaining energy homeostasis. The cell wall specific CAZyme mix, CV + M, was able to comparatively reduce Omics alterations in the muscle, thereby reducing endogenous nutrient catabolism compared to the CV + R and CV.
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5
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Rocchetti G, Vitali M, Zappaterra M, Righetti L, Sirri R, Lucini L, Dall’Asta C, Davoli R, Galaverna G. A molecular insight into the lipid changes of pig Longissimus thoracis muscle following dietary supplementation with functional ingredients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264953. [PMID: 35324931 PMCID: PMC8947141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the Longissimus thoracis pig skeletal muscle was used as a model to investigate the impact of two different diets, supplemented with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from extruded linseed (L) and polyphenols from grape skin and oregano extracts (L+P), on the lipidomic profile of meat. A standard diet for growing-finishing pigs (CTRL) was used as a control. Changes in lipids profile were investigated through an untargeted lipidomics and transcriptomics combined investigation. The lipidomics identified 1507 compounds, with 195 compounds fitting with the MS/MS spectra of LipidBlast database. When compared with the CTRL group, the L+P diet significantly increased 15 glycerophospholipids and 8 sphingolipids, while the L diet determined a marked up-accumulation of glycerolipids. According to the correlations outlined between discriminant lipids and genes, the L diet may act preventing adipogenesis and the related inflammation processes, while the L+P diet promoted the expression of genes involved in lipids' biosynthesis and adipogenic extracellular matrix formation and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marika Vitali
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Rubina Sirri
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Interdepartmental centre for Industrial Agrifood research (CIRI-AGRO)—Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food sciences (DISTAL), Alma Mater Studiorum–Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianni Galaverna
- Department of Food and Drug, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
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Ribeiro DM, Coelho D, Osório H, Martins C, Bengala Freire JP, Almeida J, Moreira O, Almeida AM, Prates JA. Effect of dietary incorporation of Chlorella vulgaris and CAZyme supplementation on the hepatic proteome of finishing pigs. J Proteomics 2022; 256:104504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Huang C, Chiba L, Bergen W. Bioavailability and metabolism of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in pigs and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched pork: A review. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Martini S, Tagliazucchi D, Minelli G, Lo Fiego DP. Influence of linseed and antioxidant-rich diets in pig nutrition on lipid oxidation during cooking and in vitro digestion of pork. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109528. [PMID: 33233160 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enrichment of pig diets with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is considered an emerging strategy to increase their intake in the human diet. However, PUFA are particularly vulnerable to oxidative reactions leading to the generation of toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of pig diets with extruded linseed (L), either or not in combination with synthetic antioxidants (E, tocopheryl-acetate and selenium) or natural extracts (P, grape-skin and oregano), and basal diet (C, without linseed) on the oxidative stability in raw, grilled and in vitro digested pork. The diet supplementation with antioxidant-rich ingredients resulted in the accumulation of specific metabolites in meat. Actually, 11 different phenolic- and 6 tocopherol-derived metabolites were identified by UHPLC/HR-MS. These metabolites were potentially correlated with the reduction in the oxidative phenomena occurring during meat cooking and digestion. Specifically, 16% and 35% reduction in the amounts of lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-RS were assessed after cooking of meat from P diet, respect to the L diet. Diet supplementations with α-tocopheryl acetate and selenium reduced the oxidative reactions only during meat cooking. A significant reduction was attended at the end of in vitro digestion, showing about 24% and 34% hydroperoxides and TBA-RS concentration reductions, respectively, in P diet samples respect to the L ones. Thus, our study suggests that the appearance of phenolic metabolites in meat could be associated to a reduction in the oxidative phenomena during meat cooking and digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Minelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Domenico Pietro Lo Fiego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre for Agri-Food Biological Resources Improvement and Valorisation (BIOGEST-SITEIA), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Zappaterra M, Gioiosa S, Chillemi G, Zambonelli P, Davoli R. Muscle transcriptome analysis identifies genes involved in ciliogenesis and the molecular cascade associated with intramuscular fat content in Large White heavy pigs. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233372. [PMID: 32428048 PMCID: PMC7237010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat content (IMF) is a complex trait influencing the technological and sensorial features of meat products and determining pork quality. Thus, we aimed at analyzing through RNA-sequencing the Semimembranosus muscle transcriptome of Italian Large White pigs to study the gene networks associated with IMF deposition. Two groups of samples were used; each one was composed of six unrelated pigs with extreme and divergent IMF content (0.67 ± 0.09% in low IMF vs. 6.81 ± 1.17% in high IMF groups) that were chosen from 950 purebred individuals. Paired-end RNA sequences were aligned to Sus scrofa genome assembly 11.1 and gene counts were analyzed using WGCNA and DeSeq2 packages in R environment. Interestingly, among the 58 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), several were related to primary cilia organelles (such as Lebercilin 5 gene), in addition to the genes involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, in the control of RNA-processing, and G-protein and ERK signaling pathways. Together with cilia-related genes, we also found in high IMF pigs an over-expression of the Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) gene, which in other animal species was found to be a regulator of ciliogenesis. Four WGCNA gene modules resulted significantly associated with IMF deposition: grey60 (P = 0.003), darkturquoise (P = 0.022), skyblue1 (P = 0.022), and lavenderblush3 (P = 0.030). The genes in the significant modules confirmed the results obtained for the DEGs, and the analysis with “cytoHubba” indicated genes controlling RNA splicing and cell differentiation as hub genes. Among the complex molecular processes affecting muscle fat depots, genes involved in primary cilia may have an important role, and the transcriptional reprogramming observed in high IMF pigs may be related to an FGF-related molecular cascade and to ciliogenesis, which in the literature have been associated with fibro-adipogenic precursor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zappaterra
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Gioiosa
- Super Computing Applications and Innovation Department (SCAI), CINECA, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Zambonelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Davoli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI-AGRO), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
- * E-mail:
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10
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Nowacka-Woszuk J. Nutrigenomics in livestock-recent advances. J Appl Genet 2019; 61:93-103. [PMID: 31673964 PMCID: PMC6968980 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-019-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study of the effects of nutrients on genome functioning, in terms of gene transcription, protein levels, and epigenetic mechanisms, is referred to as nutrigenomics. Nutrigenomic studies in farm animals, as distinct from rodents, are limited by the high cost of keeping livestock, their long generational distance, and ethical aspects. Yet farm animals, and particularly pigs, can serve as valuable animal models for human gastrological diseases, since they possess similar size, physiology, and nutritional habits and can develop similar pathological states. In livestock, the effects of dietary modifications have mostly been studied with reference to effective breeding and their influence on production traits and animal health. The majority of such studies have looked at the impact of various sources and quantities of fat and protein, supplementation with microelements, and plant-derived additives. The period of life of the animal—whether prenatal, neonatal, or mature—is typically considered when a modified diet is used. This review presents a summary of recent nutrigenomic studies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637, Poznan, Poland.
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11
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Skugor A, Kjos NP, Sundaram AYM, Mydland LT, Ånestad R, Tauson AH, Øverland M. Effects of long-term feeding of rapeseed meal on skeletal muscle transcriptome, production efficiency and meat quality traits in Norwegian Landrace growing-finishing pigs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220441. [PMID: 31390356 PMCID: PMC6685631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of 20% rapeseed meal (RSM) as an alternative to soybean meal (SBM) in a three-month feeding experiment with growing finishing pigs. Dietary alteration affected growth performance, several carcass traits and transcriptional responses in the skeletal muscle, but did not affect measured meat quality traits. In general, pigs fed the RSM test diet exhibited reduced growth performance compared to pigs on SBM control diet. Significant transcriptional changes in the skeletal muscle of growing pigs fed RSM diet were likely the consequence of an increased amount of fiber and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, and presence of bioactive phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates. RNAseq pipeline using Tophat2-Cuffdiff identified 57 upregulated and 63 downregulated genes in RSM compared to SBM pigs. Significantly enriched among downregulated pathways was p53-mediated signalling involved in cellular proliferation, while activation of negative growth regulators (IER5, KLF10, BTG2, KLF11, RETREG1, PRUNE2) in RSM fed pigs provided further evidence for reduced proliferation and increased cellular death, in accordance with the observed reduction in performance traits. Upregulation of well-known metabolic controllers (PDK4, UCP3, ESRRG and ESRRB), involved in energy homeostasis (glucose and lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function), suggested less available energy and nutrients in RSM pigs. Furthermore, several genes supported more pronounced proteolysis (ABTB1, OTUD1, PADI2, SPP1) and reduced protein synthesis (THBS1, HSF4, AP1S2) in RSM muscle tissue. In parallel, higher levels of NR4A3, PDK4 and FGF21, and a drop in adropin, ELOVL6 and CIDEC/FSP27 indicated increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, reflective of lower dressing percentage. Finally, pigs exposed to RSM showed greater expression level of genes responsive to oxidative stress, indicated by upregulation of GPX1, GPX2, and TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Skugor
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Nils Petter Kjos
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | | | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Ånestad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Anne-Helene Tauson
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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