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Veit W, Browning H. Developmental Programming, Evolution, and Animal Welfare: A Case for Evolutionary Veterinary Science. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2023; 26:552-564. [PMID: 34913795 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.2014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The conditions animals experience during the early developmental stages of their lives can have critical ongoing effects on their future health, welfare, and proper development. In this paper we draw on evolutionary theory to improve our understanding of the processes of developmental programming, particularly Predictive Adaptive Responses (PAR) that serve to match offspring phenotype with predicted future environmental conditions. When these predictions fail, a mismatch occurs between offspring phenotype and the environment, which can have long-lasting health and welfare effects. Examples include metabolic diseases resulting from maternal nutrition and behavioral changes from maternal stress. An understanding of these processes and their evolutionary origins will help in identifying and providing appropriate developmental conditions to optimize offspring welfare. This serves as an example of the benefits of using evolutionary thinking within veterinary science and we suggest that in the same way that evolutionary medicine has helped our understanding of human health, the implementation of evolutionary veterinary science (EvoVetSci) could be a useful way forward for research in animal health and welfare.
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Fabrile MP, Ghidini S, Conter M, Varrà MO, Ianieri A, Zanardi E. Filling gaps in animal welfare assessment through metabolomics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1129741. [PMID: 36925610 PMCID: PMC10011658 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1129741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability has become a central issue in Italian livestock systems driving food business operators to adopt high standards of production concerning animal husbandry conditions. Meat sector is largely involved in this ecological transition with the introduction of new label claims concerning the defense of animal welfare (AW). These new guarantees referred to AW provision require new tools for the purpose of authenticity and traceability to assure meat supply chain integrity. Over the years, European Union (EU) Regulations, national, and international initiatives proposed provisions and guidelines for assuring AW introducing requirements to be complied with and providing tools based on scoring systems for a proper animal status assessment. However, the comprehensive and objective assessment of the AW status remains challenging. In this regard, phenotypic insights at molecular level may be investigated by metabolomics, one of the most recent high-throughput omics techniques. Recent advances in analytical and bioinformatic technologies have led to the identification of relevant biomarkers involved in complex clinical phenotypes of diverse biological systems suggesting that metabolomics is a key tool for biomarker discovery. In the present review, the Five Domains model has been employed as a vademecum describing AW. Starting from the individual Domains-nutrition (I), environment (II), health (III), behavior (IV), and mental state (V)-applications and advances of metabolomics related to AW setting aimed at investigating phenotypic outcomes on molecular scale and elucidating the biological routes most perturbed from external solicitations, are reviewed. Strengths and weaknesses of the current state-of-art are highlighted, and new frontiers to be explored for AW assessment throughout the metabolomics approach are argued. Moreover, a detailed description of metabolomics workflow is provided to understand dos and don'ts at experimental level to pursue effective results. Combining the demand for new assessment tools and meat market trends, a new cross-strategy is proposed as the promising combo for the future of AW assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Ghidini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Conter
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Ianieri
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Ito K, Miyamoto H, Matsuura M, Ishii C, Tsuboi A, Tsuji N, Nakaguma T, Nakanishi Y, Kato T, Suda W, Honda F, Ito T, Moriya S, Shima H, Michibata R, Yamada R, Takahashi Y, Koga H, Kodama H, Watanabe Y, Kikuchi J, Ohno H. Noninvasive fecal metabolic profiling for the evaluation of characteristics of thermostable lactic acid bacteria, Weizmannia coagulans SANK70258, for broiler chickens. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:105-115. [PMID: 35718655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Weizmannia coagulans SANK70258 is a spore-forming thermostable lactic acid bacterium and an effective probiotic for the growth of livestock animals, but its growth-promoting mechanism remains unclear. Here, the composition of fecal metabolites in broilers continuously administered with W. coagulans SANK70258 was assessed under a regular program with antibiotics, which was transiently given for 6 days after birth. Oral administration of W. coagulans to broiler chicks tended to increase the average daily gain of body weights thereafter. The composition of fecal metabolites in the early chick stage (Day 10 after birth) was dramatically altered by the continuous exposure. The levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate markedly increased, while those of acetate, one of the SCFAs, and lactate were reduced. Simultaneously, arabitol, fructose, mannitol, and erythritol, which are carbohydrates as substrates for gut microbes to produce SCFAs, also increased along with altered correlation. Correlation network analyses classified the modularity clusters (|r| > 0.7) among carbohydrates, SCFAs, lactate, amino acids, and the other metabolites under the two conditions. The characteristic diversities by the exposure were visualized beyond the perspective associated with differences in metabolite concentrations. Further, enrichment pathway analyses showed that metabolic composition related to biosynthesis and/or metabolism for SCFAs, amino acids, and energy were activated. Thus, these observations suggest that W. coagulans SANK70258 dramatically modulates the gut metabolism of the broiler chicks, and the metabolomics profiles during the early chick stages may be associated with growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Ito
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Yachimata, Chiba 289-1113, Japan
| | - Hirokuni Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Makiko Matsuura
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chitose Ishii
- Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuboi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Teruno Nakaguma
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Japan Eco-science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakanishi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Wataru Suda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Fuyuko Honda
- Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center, Yachimata, Chiba 289-1113, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ito
- Keiyo Gas Energy Solution Co. Ltd., Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0015, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Moriya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Ryouichi Yamada
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Marunouchi, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | | | - Hirohisa Koga
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Marunouchi, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8501, Japan; Sermas Co., Ltd., Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corp., Marunouchi, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Durand D, Collin A, Merlot E, Baéza E, Guilloteau LA, Le Floc'h N, Thomas A, Fontagné-Dicharry S, Gondret F. Review: Implication of redox imbalance in animal health and performance at critical periods, insights from different farm species. Animal 2022; 16:100543. [PMID: 35623200 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of oxidative stress occurs all over the production chain of animals and food products. This review summarises insights obtained in different farm species (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and fishes) to underpin the most critical periods for the venue of oxidative stress, namely birth/hatching and weaning/start-feeding phase. Common responses between species are also unravelled in periods of high physiological demands when animals are facing dietary deficiencies in specific nutrients, suggesting that nutritional recommendations must consider the modulation of responses to oxidative stress for optimising production performance and quality of food products. These conditions concern challenges such as heat stress, social stress, and inflammation. The magnitude of the responses is partly dependent on the prior experience of the animals before the challenge, reinforcing the importance of nutrition and other management practices during early periods to promote the development of antioxidant reserves in the animal. When these practices also improved the performance and health of the animal, this further confirms the central role played by oxidative stress in physiologically and environmentally induced perturbations. Difficulties in interpreting responses to oxidative stress arise from the fact that the indicators are only partly shared between studies, and their modulations may also be challenge-specific. A consensus about the best indicators to assess pro-oxidative and antioxidant pathways is of huge demand to propose a synthetic index measurable in a non-invasive way and interpretable along the productive life of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Durand
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - A Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - N Le Floc'h
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
| | - A Thomas
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Fontagné-Dicharry
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, 64310 Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - F Gondret
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
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Detecting the effects of predator-induced stress on the global metabolism of an ungulate prey using fecal metabolomic fingerprinting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6129. [PMID: 33731769 PMCID: PMC7971053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Few field tests have assessed the effects of predator-induced stress on prey fitness, particularly in large carnivore-ungulate systems. Because traditional measures of stress present limitations when applied to free-ranging animals, new strategies and systemic methodologies are needed. Recent studies have shown that stress and anxiety related behaviors can influence the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome in mammal hosts, and these metabolic alterations may aid in identification of stress. In this study, we used NMR-based fecal metabolomic fingerprinting to compare the fecal metabolome, a functional readout of the gut microbiome, of cattle herds grazing in low vs. high wolf-impacted areas within three wolf pack territories. Additionally, we evaluated if other factors (e.g., cattle nutritional state, climate, landscape) besides wolf presence were related to the variation in cattle metabolism. By collecting longitudinal fecal samples from GPS-collared cattle, we found relevant metabolic differences between cattle herds in areas where the probability of wolf pack interaction was higher. Moreover, cattle distance to GPS-collared wolves was the factor most correlated with this difference in cattle metabolism, potentially reflecting the variation in wolf predation risk. We further validated our results through a regression model that reconstructed cattle distances to GPS-collared wolves based on the metabolic difference between cattle herds. Although further research is needed to explore if similar patterns also hold at a finer scale, our results suggests that fecal metabolomic fingerprinting is a promising tool for assessing the physiological responses of prey to predation risk. This novel approach will help improve our knowledge of the consequences of predators beyond the direct effect of predation.
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Azmi NA, Lee TH, Lee CH, Hamdan N, Cheng KK. Differentiation Unclean and Cleaned Edible Bird’s Nest using Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acid Composition Data. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.29.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) has been used as a health modulator for many centuries. Nutrient degradation in EBN always happen during cleaning process due to many factors such as temperature and long soaking time in water. The present study attempts to find the difference between unclean and cleaned EBN in their amino acid composition. A total of 65 EBN samples were collected directly from swiftlet premises in 13 states of Malaysia to ensure the coverage of geographical location differences. A standardized cleaning method had been adapted from the industry to clean the collected EBN sample in the lab. Then it was analysed for amino acids composition. After that OPLS-DA multivariate model was used to discriminate the unclean and cleaned EBN on 18 types of amino acids composition. The model was robust with classification and predictive ability of 76.1% and 64.5%, respectively. The model was further validated with sample blind test and 100% of the sample was accurately fall into their respective cluster, unclean and cleaned EBN. The findings suggest that three major amino acids with the highest VIP value were Aspartic acid, Methionine and Glutamic acid and proposed as the marker for discriminating the unclean and cleaned EBN.
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Foury A, Collin A, Helbling JC, Leterrier C, Moisan MP, Guilloteau LA. Spontaneous intake of essential oils after a negative postnatal experience has long-term effects on blood transcriptome in chickens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20702. [PMID: 33244117 PMCID: PMC7691513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicks subjected to early stressful factors could develop long-lasting effects on their performances, welfare and health. Free access to essential oils (EO) in poultry farming could mitigate these effects and potentially reduce use of antimicrobial drugs. This study on chicken analyzed long-lasting effects of post-hatch adverse conditions (Delayed group), and the impact of EO intake on blood physiological parameters and transcriptome. Half of the Control and Delayed groups had free access to EO, while the other half had only water for the first 13 days post-hatching. Blood analyses of metabolites, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers, and mRNA expression showed sex differences. Long-lasting effects of postnatal experience and EO intake persisted in blood transcriptome at D34. The early adverse conditions modified 68 genes in males and 83 genes in females. In Delayed males six transcription factors were over-represented (NFE2L2, MEF2A, FOXI1, Foxd3, Sox2 and TEAD1). In females only one factor was over-represented (PLAG1) and four under-represented (NFIL3, Foxd3, ESR2 and TAL1::TCF3). The genes showing modified expression are involved in oxidative stress, growth, bone metabolism and reproduction. Remarkably, spontaneous EO intake restored the expression levels of some genes affected by the postnatal adverse conditions suggesting a mitigating effect of EO intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Foury
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, University Bordeaux, 33076, Bordeaux, France
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Rodríguez-Hernández P, Cardador MJ, Arce L, Rodríguez-Estévez V. Analytical Tools for Disease Diagnosis in Animals via Fecal Volatilome. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:917-932. [PMID: 33180561 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1843130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatilome analysis is growing in attention for the diagnosis of diseases in animals and humans. In particular, volatilome analysis in fecal samples is starting to be proposed as a fast, easy and noninvasive method for disease diagnosis. Volatilome comprises volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are produced during both physiological and patho-physiological processes. Thus, VOCs from a pathological condition often differ from those of a healthy state and therefore the VOCs profile can be used in the detection of some diseases. Due to their strengths and advantages, feces are currently being used to obtain information related to health status in animals. However, they are complex samples, that can present problems for some analytical techniques and require special consideration in their use and preparation before analysis. This situation demands an effort to clarify which analytic options are currently being used in the research context to analyze the possibilities these offer, with the final objectives of contributing to develop a standardized methodology and to exploit feces potential as a diagnostic matrix. The current work reviews the studies focused on the diagnosis of animal diseases through fecal volatilome in order to evaluate the analytical methods used and their advantages and limitations. The alternatives found in the literature for sampling, storage, sample pretreatment, measurement and data treatment have been summarized, considering all the steps involved in the analytical process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M J Cardador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - L Arce
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Valerio A, Casadei L, Giuliani A, Valerio M. Fecal Metabolomics as a Novel Noninvasive Method for Short-Term Stress Monitoring in Beef Cattle. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:845-853. [PMID: 31873020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional measures of short-term stress response such as fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM) are widely used in controlled settings to quantify the intensity of stimulation to which cattle are exposed. However, FGMs present several methodological and interpretation pitfalls when applied on animals in free-ranging conditions. In this study, we proposed an NMR-based fecal metabolomics strategy for noninvasive stress detection in beef cattle. Using a longitudinal sample collection, we monitored the changes in the fecal metabolome and FGM concentrations before and after an acute stressful event. Our results showed that while the fecal metabolome changed as a function of stress (p < 0.001), the mean concentrations of FGM did not change (Levene's test: F-ratio: 0.87, p-value: 0.44). Furthermore, we showed that the interanimal variability observed in the stress response was correlated with the individual fecal microbiota. This result was in line with recent findings, indicating the gut microbiome as a crucial mediator of stress response. We conclude that NMR-based fecal metabolomics proved to be a reliable methodology to assess stress response and that its future applicability to studies for stress monitoring in range animals may be more appropriate than FGM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Valerio
- School of the Environment , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Luca Casadei
- School of the Environment , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
| | - Alessandro Giuliani
- Department of Environment and Health , National Institute of Health , Rome 00161 , Italy
| | - Mariacristina Valerio
- School of the Environment , Washington State University , Pullman , Washington 99164 , United States
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