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Guerrieri F, Libert C. The invisible life. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1401487. [PMID: 38832115 PMCID: PMC11144902 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1401487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Guerrieri
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Libert
- Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Architecture de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Proctor C, Garner E, Hamilton KA, Ashbolt NJ, Caverly LJ, Falkinham JO, Haas CN, Prevost M, Prevots DR, Pruden A, Raskin L, Stout J, Haig SJ. Tenets of a holistic approach to drinking water-associated pathogen research, management, and communication. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 211:117997. [PMID: 34999316 PMCID: PMC8821414 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, drinking water-associated pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised or otherwise susceptible individuals (henceforth referred to as DWPI), sometimes referred to as opportunistic pathogens or opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, have received considerable attention. DWPI research has largely been conducted by experts focusing on specific microorganisms or within silos of expertise. The resulting mitigation approaches optimized for a single microorganism may have unintended consequences and trade-offs for other DWPI or other interests (e.g., energy costs and conservation). For example, the ecological and epidemiological issues characteristic of Legionella pneumophila diverge from those relevant for Mycobacterium avium and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. Recent advances in understanding DWPI as part of a complex microbial ecosystem inhabiting drinking water systems continues to reveal additional challenges: namely, how can all microorganisms of concern be managed simultaneously? In order to protect public health, we must take a more holistic approach in all aspects of the field, including basic research, monitoring methods, risk-based mitigation techniques, and policy. A holistic approach will (i) target multiple microorganisms simultaneously, (ii) involve experts across several disciplines, and (iii) communicate results across disciplines and more broadly, proactively addressing source water-to-customer system management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Proctor
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily Garner
- Wadsworth Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kerry A Hamilton
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment and The Biodesign Centre for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast. Queensland, Australia
| | - Lindsay J Caverly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Charles N Haas
- Department of Civil, Architectural & Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michele Prevost
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Rebecca Prevots
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Pruden
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Lutgarde Raskin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Janet Stout
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, and Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, and Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Arvaniti M, Skandamis PN. Defining bacterial heterogeneity and dormancy with the parallel use of single-cell and population level approaches. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Huang CK, Weerasekara A, Bond PL, Weynberg KD, Guo J. Characterizing the premise plumbing microbiome in both water and biofilms of a 50-year-old building. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149225. [PMID: 34340073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The premise plumbing portion of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) has several characteristics that may favor microbial growth in the form of biofilms. These microbial communities are implicated as infectious sources for the spread of opportunistic waterborne pathogens by supporting their complex ecology and transmission through DWDS outlets to susceptible individuals. However, there is limited understanding of the drinking water biofilms in real premise plumbing networks due to challenges with accessibility. Using a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches, this study comprehensively characterized the premise plumbing microbiome of a 50-year-old university building, inclusive of water and biofilm samples. Microbial diversity in the water samples were more taxonomically diverse in comparison to the mature drinking water biofilms, which were dominated with biofilm-formers and opportunistic pathogens, such as Mycobacterium spp. A model opportunistic pathogen, Legionella spp., was only detectable in water samples using quantitative PCR but could not be detected in any of the drinking water biofilms using either qPCR or culture-dependent approaches, highlighting the limitations of detection methods in these environments. This study presents preliminary findings on the microbial dynamics and complexity in premise plumbing networks, which may support public health management and the development of strategies to eliminate microbial risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey K Huang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Anjani Weerasekara
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Karen D Weynberg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Abstract
Buildings of the future should be designed to support human health, both by promoting the presence of beneficial microbes and by reducing exposure to harmful ones. However, we still do not have a robust definition of what constitutes a “healthy” indoor microbiome. Buildings of the future should be designed to support human health, both by promoting the presence of beneficial microbes and by reducing exposure to harmful ones. However, we still do not have a robust definition of what constitutes a “healthy” indoor microbiome. Such a definition would allow us to better understand implications of building design and behavioral decisions of residents, especially for vulnerable populations such as asthmatic children. Relevant assessment methods could then be developed to make microbiome information available to home occupants, environmental health professionals, policy writers, building designers, and building remediation specialists.
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Thaler DS, Head MG, Horsley A. Precision public health to inhibit the contagion of disease and move toward a future in which microbes spread health. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:120. [PMID: 30727964 PMCID: PMC6364421 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance continues to outpace the development of new chemotherapeutics. Novel pathogens continue to evolve and emerge. Public health innovation has the potential to open a new front in the war of "our wits against their genes" (Joshua Lederberg). Dense sampling coupled to next generation sequencing can increase the spatial and temporal resolution of microbial characterization while sensor technologies precisely map physical parameters relevant to microbial survival and spread. Microbial, physical, and epidemiological big data could be combined to improve prospective risk identification. However, applied in the wrong way, these approaches may not realize their maximum potential benefits and could even do harm. Minimizing microbial-human interactions would be a mistake. There is evidence that microbes previously thought of at best "benign" may actually enhance human health. Benign and health-promoting microbiomes may, or may not, spread via mechanisms similar to pathogens. Infectious vaccines are approaching readiness to make enhanced contributions to herd immunity. The rigorously defined nature of infectious vaccines contrasts with indigenous "benign or health-promoting microbiomes" but they may converge. A "microbial Neolithic revolution" is a possible future in which human microbial-associations are understood and managed analogously to the macro-agriculture of plants and animals. Tradeoffs need to be framed in order to understand health-promoting potentials of benign, and/or health-promoting microbiomes and infectious vaccines while also discouraging pathogens. Super-spreaders are currently defined as individuals who play an outsized role in the contagion of infectious disease. A key unanswered question is whether the super-spreader concept may apply similarly to health-promoting microbes. The complex interactions of individual rights, community health, pathogen contagion, the spread of benign, and of health-promoting microbiomes including infectious vaccines require study. Advancing the detailed understanding of heterogeneity in microbial spread is very likely to yield important insights relevant to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Thaler
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael G. Head
- Clinical Informatics Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Coxford Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Andrew Horsley
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Mills Rd., Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
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