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Wei J, Mayberry CL, Lv X, Hu F, Khan T, Logan NA, Wilson JJ, Sears JD, Chaussabel D, Chang CH. IL3-Driven T Cell-Basophil Crosstalk Enhances Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:822-839. [PMID: 38739030 PMCID: PMC11219266 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are pivotal in combating cancer, yet their efficacy is often hindered by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, resulting in CTL exhaustion. This study investigates the role of interleukin-3 (IL3) in orchestrating antitumor immunity through CTL modulation. We found that intratumoral CTLs exhibited a progressive decline in IL3 production, which was correlated with impaired cytotoxic function. Augmenting IL3 supplementation, through intraperitoneal administration of recombinant IL3, IL3-expressing tumor cells, or IL3-engineered CD8+ T cells, conferred protection against tumor progression, concomitant with increased CTL activity. CTLs were critical for this therapeutic efficacy as IL3 demonstrated no impact on tumor growth in Rag1 knockout mice or following CD8+ T-cell depletion. Rather than acting directly, CTL-derived IL3 exerted its influence on basophils, concomitantly amplifying antitumor immunity within CTLs. Introducing IL3-activated basophils retarded tumor progression, whereas basophil depletion diminished the effectiveness of IL3 supplementation. Furthermore, IL3 prompted basophils to produce IL4, which subsequently elevated CTL IFNγ production and viability. Further, the importance of basophil-derived IL4 was evident from the absence of benefits of IL3 supplementation in IL4 knockout tumor-bearing mice. Overall, this research has unveiled a role for IL3-mediated CTL-basophil cross-talk in regulating antitumor immunity and suggests harnessing IL3 sustenance as a promising approach for optimizing and enhancing cancer immunotherapy. See related Spotlight, p. 798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
| | - Colleen L. Mayberry
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fangyan Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Taushif Khan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Natalie A. Logan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John J. Wilson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
| | - John D. Sears
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Zhu JH, Xu BJ, Pang XY, Lian J, Gu K, Ji SJ, Lu HB. Genetic Evidence for a Causal Relationship Between Innate Leukocytes and the Risk of Digestive System Cancers in East Asians and Europeans. World J Oncol 2024; 15:482-491. [PMID: 38751703 PMCID: PMC11092417 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral traditional immune cell disorder plays an important role in cancer onset and development. The causal relationships between leukocytes prior to cancer and the risk of digestive system cancer remain unknown. This study assesses the causal correlations between leukocytes and digestive system cancer risk in East Asians and Europeans. Methods Summary-level data on leukocyte-related genetic variation were extracted from Biobank Japan (107,964 participants) and a recent large-scale meta-analysis (563,946 participants). Summary-level data for the cancers were obtained from Biobank Japan (212,978 individuals) and the FinnGen consortium (178,802 participants). Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed on East Asians and Europeans separately. Results Univariable MR analysis demonstrated the significant association between circulating eosinophil counts and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in East Asians (odds ratio (OR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69 - 0.92, P = 0.002) and a suggestive relationship in the European population (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77 - 0.97, P = 0.013). An inverse suggestive association was observed between levels of basophils and the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in East Asians (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72 - 0.97, P = 0.019). The multivariable MR analysis showed the independent causal effect of eosinophil count on CRC risk in East Asians (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.57 - 0.92, P = 0.009) and Europeans (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70 - 0.92, P = 0.002). Circulating basophils served as the negative causal factor in GC risk in East Asians (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67 - 0.94, P = 0.007). Conclusions Our MR analyses revealed a genetic causal relationship between reduced blood eosinophils and an increased CRC risk in both Europeans and East Asians. Furthermore, our results suggested a causal association between decreased basophils and an elevated GC risk specifically in East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hao Zhu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Ben Jie Xu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Xiang Yi Pang
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
- These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
| | - Ke Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Sheng Jun Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Hai Bo Lu
- Department of Outpatient Chemotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China
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Lopez-Perez D, Prados-Lopez B, Galvez J, Leon J, Carazo A. Eosinophils in Colorectal Cancer: Emerging Insights into Anti-Tumoral Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6098. [PMID: 38892286 PMCID: PMC11172675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are myeloid effector cells whose main homing is the gastrointestinal tract. There, they take part in type I and type II immune responses. They also contribute to other non-immunological homeostatic functions like mucus production, tissue regeneration, and angiogenesis. In colorectal cancer (CRC), eosinophils locate in the center of the tumor and in the front of invasion and play an anti-tumoral role. They directly kill tumor cells by releasing cytotoxic compounds and eosinophil extracellular traps or indirectly by activating other immune cells via cytokines. As CRC progresses, the number of infiltrating eosinophils decreases. Although this phenomenon is not fully understood, it is known that some changes in the microenvironmental milieu and microbiome can affect eosinophil infiltration. Importantly, a high number of intratumoral eosinophils is a favorable prognostic factor independent from the tumor stage. Moreover, after immunotherapy, responding patients usually display eosinophilia, so eosinophils could be a good biomarker candidate to monitor treatment outcomes. Finally, even though eosinophils seem to play an interesting anti-tumoral role in CRC, much more research is needed to fully understand their interactions in the CRC microenvironment. This review explores the multifaceted roles of eosinophils in colorectal cancer, highlighting their anti-tumoral effects, prognostic significance, and potential as a biomarker for treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lopez-Perez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Belen Prados-Lopez
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Galvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red para Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER-EHD), Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Josefa Leon
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Carazo
- Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18016 Granada, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Yi M, Li T, Niu M, Mei Q, Zhao B, Chu Q, Dai Z, Wu K. Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:187. [PMID: 38008741 PMCID: PMC10680233 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of various types of cancers. However, most of these immunomodulatory strategies focus on harnessing adaptive immunity, mainly by inhibiting immunosuppressive signaling with immune checkpoint blockade, or enhancing immunostimulatory signaling with bispecific T cell engager and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell. Although these agents have already achieved great success, only a tiny percentage of patients could benefit from immunotherapies. Actually, immunotherapy efficacy is determined by multiple components in the tumor microenvironment beyond adaptive immunity. Cells from the innate arm of the immune system, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and unconventional T cells, also participate in cancer immune evasion and surveillance. Considering that the innate arm is the cornerstone of the antitumor immune response, utilizing innate immunity provides potential therapeutic options for cancer control. Up to now, strategies exploiting innate immunity, such as agonists of stimulator of interferon genes, CAR-macrophage or -natural killer cell therapies, metabolic regulators, and novel immune checkpoint blockade, have exhibited potent antitumor activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we summarize the latest insights into the potential roles of innate cells in antitumor immunity and discuss the advances in innate arm-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianye Li
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Niu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mei
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, College of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Science, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Fernandes R, Costa C, Fernandes R, Barros AN. Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3140. [PMID: 38137361 PMCID: PMC10740737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Marinkovic M, Stojanovic-Rundic S, Stanojevic A, Ostojic M, Gavrilovic D, Jankovic R, Maksimovic N, Stroggilos R, Zoidakis J, Castellví-Bel S, Fijneman RJA, Cavic M. Exploring novel genetic and hematological predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1245594. [PMID: 37719698 PMCID: PMC10501402 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1245594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). To select patients who would benefit the most from nCRT, there is a need for predictive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of clinical, pathological, radiological, inflammation-related genetic, and hematological parameters in the prediction of post-nCRT response. Materials and methods: In silico analysis of published transcriptomics datasets was conducted to identify candidate genes, whose expression will be measured using quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) in pretreatment formaline-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. In this study, 75 patients with LARC were prospectively included between June 2020-January 2022. Patients were assessed for tumor response in week 8 post-nCRT with pelvic MRI scan and rigid proctoscopy. For patients with a clinical complete response (cCR) and initially distant located tumor no immediate surgery was suggested ("watch and wait" approach). The response after surgery was assessed using histopathological tumor regression grading (TRG) categories from postoperative specimens by Mandard. Responders (R) were defined as patients with cCR without operative treatment, and those with TRG 1 and TRG 2 postoperative categories. Non-responders (NR) were patients classified as TRG 3-5. Results: Responders group comprised 35 patients (46.6%) and NR group 53.4% of patients. Analysis of published transcriptomics data identified genes that could predict response to treatment and their significance was assessed in our cohort by qRT-PCR. When comparison was made in the subgroup of patients who were operated (TRG1 vs. TRG4), the expression of IDO1 was significantly deregulated (p < 0.05). Among hematological parameters between R and NR a significant difference in the response was detected for neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), initial basophil, eosinophil and monocyte counts (p < 0.01). According to MRI findings, non-responders more often presented with extramural vascular invasion (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on logistic regression model, factors associated with favorable response to nCRT were tumor morphology and hematological parameters which can be easily and routinely derived from initial laboratory results (NMR, eosinophil, basophil and monocyte counts) in a minimally invasive manner. Using various metrics, an aggregated score of the initial eosinophil, basophil, and monocyte counts demonstrated the best predictive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Marinkovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinic for Radiation Oncology and Diagnostics, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Suzana Stojanovic-Rundic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinic for Radiation Oncology and Diagnostics, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stanojevic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Ostojic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusica Gavrilovic
- Data Center, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radmila Jankovic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Rafael Stroggilos
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Department of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Fundació Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Milena Cavic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Gao L, Yuan C, Fu J, Tian T, Huang H, Zhang L, Li D, Liu Y, Meng S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Jia C, Zhang D, Zheng T, Fu Q, Tan S, Lan L, Yang C, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Prognostic scoring system based on eosinophil- and basophil-related markers for predicting the prognosis of patients with stage II and stage III colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1182944. [PMID: 37519795 PMCID: PMC10375403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1182944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation is associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to construct a comprehensively inflammatory prognostic scoring system named risk score (RS) based on eosinophil- and basophil-related markers and assess its prognostic value in patients with stage II and stage III CRC. Patients and methods A total of 3,986 patients were enrolled from January 2007 to December 2013. The last follow-up time was January 2019. They were randomly assigned to the training set and testing set in a 3:2 split ratio. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression analysis was performed to select the optimal prognostic factors in the construction of RS. The Kaplan-Meier curve, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Cox analysis were used to evaluate the association between RS and overall survival (OS). Results In the training set, all inflammatory markers showed certain prognostic values. Based on LASSO-Cox analysis, nine markers were integrated to construct RS. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that a higher RS (RS > 0) had a significantly worse prognosis (log-rank p< 0.0001). RS (>0) remained an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio (HR): 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43-2.03, p< 0.001). The prognostic value of RS was validated in the entire cohort. Time-dependent ROC analysis showed that RS had a stable prognostic effect throughout the follow-up times and could enhance the prognostic ability of the stage by combination. Nomogram was established based on RS and clinicopathological factors for predicting OS in the training set and validated in the testing set. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the 3-year OS in the training and testing sets were 0.748 and 0.720, respectively. The nomogram had a satisfactory predictive accuracy and had better clinical application value than the tumor stage alone. Conclusions RS might be an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with stage II and III CRC, which is helpful for risk stratification of patients. Additionally, the nomogram might be used for personalized prediction and might contribute to formulating a better clinical treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinming Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuhan Meng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chenyang Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingzhen Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiheng Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Lan
- Division of Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases, Harbin Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Division of Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases, Harbin Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Maruyama S, Okamura A, Kanie Y, Kuriyama K, Sakamoto K, Kanamori J, Imamura Y, Watanabe M. Prognostic significance of circulating basophil counts in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:235. [PMID: 37329456 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent reports have suggested that basophils influence allergic reactions and tumor immunity. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the association between preoperative circulating basophil (CB) counts and the outcomes of patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. METHODS A total of 783 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were eligible. The clinicopathological factors and prognoses were compared between the groups stratified by the preoperative counts of CB. RESULTS There were more advanced clinical T and N stages in the low CB group than in the high CB group (P = 0.01 and = 0.04, respectively). The incidences of postoperative complications were comparable between the groups. The low CB count was associated with unfavorable overall and recurrence-free survivals (P = 0.04 and 0.01, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, low CB count was one of the independent prognostic factors for poor recurrence-free survival (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04-1.70; P = 0.02). In addition, hematogenous recurrence occurred more frequently in the low CB group than in the high CB group (57.6% vs. 41.4%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSION A preoperative low CB count was an unfavorable prognosticator in patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akihiko Okamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Yasukazu Kanie
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kengo Kuriyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Jun Kanamori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31, Ariake, Koto, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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9
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Tomasoni M, Piazza C, Deganello A, Bossi P, Tirelli G, Nicolai P, Da Mosto MC, Molteni G, Giacomarra V, Canzi P, Pelucchi S, Polesel J, Borsetto D, Boscolo-Rizzo P. The prognostic-nutritional index in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with upfront surgery: a multi-institutional series. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2023; 43:170-182. [PMID: 37204841 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the prognostic value of pre-treatment prognostic-nutritional index (PNI) in patients with HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods A multi-institutional retrospective series of HPV-negative, Stages II-IVB, HNSCCs treated with upfront surgery was evaluated. Correlation of pre-operative blood markers and PNI with 5-year overall (OS) and relapse-free (RFS) survival was tested using linear and restricted cubic spline models, as appropriate. The independent prognostic effect of patient-related features was assessed with multivariable models. Results The analysis was conducted on 542 patients. PNI ≥ 49.6 (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.74) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) > 4.2 (HR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.06-2.35) confirmed to be independent prognosticators of OS, whereas only PNI ≥ 49.6 (HR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.66) was independently associated with RFS. Among pre-operative blood parameters, only higher values of albuninaemia and lymphocyte count (> 1.08 x 103/microL), and undetectable basophile count (= 0 103/microL) were independently associated with better OS and RFS. Conclusions PNI represents a reliable prognostic tool providing an independent measure of pre-operative immuno-metabolic performance. Its validity is supported by the independent prognostic role of albuminaemia and lymphocyte count, from which it is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomasoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Piazza
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Deganello
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piero Nicolai
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Molteni
- Section of Ear Nose and Throat (ENT), Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vittorio Giacomarra
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Azienda Ospedaliera "S. Maria degli Angeli", Pordenone, Italy
| | - Pietro Canzi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo" Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Daniele Borsetto
- Department of ENT, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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10
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A New Artificial Intelligence Approach Using Extreme Learning Machine as the Potentially Effective Model to Predict and Analyze the Diagnosis of Anemia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050697. [PMID: 36900702 PMCID: PMC10000789 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The procedure to diagnose anemia is time-consuming and resource-intensive due to the existence of a multitude of symptoms that can be felt physically or seen visually. Anemia also has several forms, which can be distinguished based on several characteristics. It is possible to diagnose anemia through a quick, affordable, and easily accessible laboratory test known as the complete blood count (CBC), but the method cannot directly identify different kinds of anemia. Therefore, further tests are required to establish a gold standard for the type of anemia in a patient. These tests are uncommon in settings that offer healthcare on a smaller scale because they require expensive equipment. Moreover, it is also difficult to discern between beta thalassemia trait (BTT), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), hemoglobin E (HbE), and combination anemias despite the presence of multiple red blood cell (RBC) formulas and indices with differing optimal cutoff values. This is due to the existence of several varieties of anemia in individuals, making it difficult to distinguish between BTT, IDA, HbE, and combinations. Therefore, a more precise and automated prediction model is proposed to distinguish these four types to accelerate the identification process for doctors. Historical data were retrieved from the Laboratory of the Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia for this purpose. Furthermore, the model was developed using the algorithm for the extreme learning machine (ELM). This was followed by the measurement of the performance using the confusion matrix and 190 data representing the four classes, and the results showed 99.21% accuracy, 98.44% sensitivity, 99.30% precision, and an F1 score of 98.84%.
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11
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Poto R, Gambardella AR, Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Basophils from allergy to cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1056838. [PMID: 36578500 PMCID: PMC9791102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1056838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human basophils, first identified over 140 years ago, account for just 0.5-1% of circulating leukocytes. While this scarcity long hampered basophil studies, innovations during the past 30 years, beginning with their isolation and more recently in the development of mouse models, have markedly advanced our understanding of these cells. Although dissimilarities between human and mouse basophils persist, the overall findings highlight the growing importance of these cells in health and disease. Indeed, studies continue to support basophils as key participants in IgE-mediated reactions, where they infiltrate inflammatory lesions, release pro-inflammatory mediators (histamine, leukotriene C4: LTC4) and regulatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) central to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Studies now report basophils infiltrating various human cancers where they play diverse roles, either promoting or hampering tumorigenesis. Likewise, this activity bears remarkable similarity to the mounting evidence that basophils facilitate wound healing. In fact, both activities appear linked to the capacity of basophils to secrete IL-4/IL-13, with these cytokines polarizing macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Basophils also secrete several angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF-A, amphiregulin) consistent with these activities. In this review, we feature these newfound properties with the goal of unraveling the increasing importance of basophils in these diverse pathobiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Rosa Gambardella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - John T. Schroeder
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), Naples, Italy,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Gilda Varricchi, ; Giovanna Schiavoni,
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12
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Kudo-Saito C, Boku N, Hirano H, Shoji H. Targeting myeloid villains in the treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009701. [PMID: 36211375 PMCID: PMC9539086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical outcomes being extremely limited, blocking immune inhibitory checkpoint pathways has been in the spotlight as a promising strategy for treating gastrointestinal cancer. However, a distinct strategy for the successful treatment is obviously needed in the clinical settings. Myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells, are the majority of cellular components in the human immune system, but have received relatively less attention for the practical implementation than T cells and NK cells in cancer therapy because of concentration of the interest in development of the immune checkpoint blocking antibody inhibitors (ICIs). Abnormality of myeloid cells must impact on the entire host, including immune responses, stromagenesis, and cancer cells, leading to refractory cancer. This implies that elimination and reprogramming of the tumor-supportive myeloid villains may be a breakthrough to efficiently induce potent anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an overview of current situation of the IC-blocking therapy of gastrointestinal cancer, including gastric, colorectal, and esophageal cancers. Also, we highlight the possible oncoimmunological components involved in the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the ICI therapy, particularly focusing on myeloid cells, including unique subsets expressing IC molecules. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular determinants may facilitate its practical implementation of targeting myeloid villains, and improve the clinical outcomes in the ICI therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kudo-Saito
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Chie Kudo-Saito,
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Department of Oncology and General Medicine, Institute of Medical Science Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hirano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Shoji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Lin Q, Zhou H, Shi S, Lin J, Yan W. The Prognostic Value of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer With Solitary Tumor Deposit. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916091. [PMID: 35912212 PMCID: PMC9328799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer with the solitary tumor deposit (TD). Methods The primary study outcomes used in this study were colon cancer–specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The differences of the distribution of categorical variables in patients with colon cancer with the solitary TD according to adjuvant chemotherapy administration were tested using the Pearson’s chi-square test. The Kaplan–Meier method was utilized to evaluate CSS and OS. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated on the basis of Cox regression models to assess the prognostic value of different demographic and clinicopathological characteristics. Results A total of 877 patients with TanyN1cM0 colon cancer with solitary TD were identified in our analysis. It was found that OS (75.4% vs. 42.8% for 5-year OS rate, p < 0.001) and CSS (82.9% vs. 69.3% for 5-year CSS rate, p < 0.001) of patients with colon cancer with adjuvant chemotherapy administration were significantly better than those without adjuvant chemotherapy administration. Multivariate Cox survival analyses revealed that the overall and colon cancer–specific mortality risks of patients with adjuvant chemotherapy administration were decreased by 64.4% (HR = 0.356, 95% CI = 0.265–0.479, p < 0.001) and 57.4% (HR = 0.426, 95% CI = 0.286–0.634, p < 0.001) compared with those without adjuvant chemotherapy administration, respectively. Conclusions Adjuvant chemotherapy administration could significantly improve OS and CSS in patients with colon cancer with the solitary TD. This is the first study to investigate and demonstrate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with colon cancer with the solitary TD.
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14
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Hadadi A, Smith KER, Wan L, Brown JR, Russler G, Yantorni L, Caulfield S, Lafollette J, Moore M, Kucuk O, Carthon B, Nazha B, Liu Y, Bilen MA. Baseline basophil and basophil-to-lymphocyte status is associated with clinical outcomes in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:271.e9-271.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Detection of Specific Immune Cell Subpopulation Changes Associated with Systemic Immune Inflammation–Index Level in Germ Cell Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050678. [PMID: 35629346 PMCID: PMC9147028 DOI: 10.3390/life12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) and the host inflammatory response are closely interconnected. The interplay between systemic inflammation and the local immune response may influence tumor development and progression in various types of cancer. The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) represents a prognostic marker for germ cell tumors (GCTs). The aim of the present study was to detect specific immune cell subpopulation changes which were associated with the SII level in chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients. In total, 51 GCT patients, prior to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, were included in the present study. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was performed using flow cytometry. The SII level was correlated with the percentage of various leukocyte subpopulations. The obtained results demonstrated that SII levels above the cut-off value of SII ≥ 1003 were associated with higher neutrophil percentages. An inverse correlation was found between the SII and the peripheral lymphocyte percentage that logically reflects the calculations of the SII index. Furthermore, the presented data also showed that in the lymphocyte subpopulation, the association with the SII was driven by T-cell subpopulations. In innate immunity–cell subpopulations, we observed a correlation between SII level and neutrophils as well as associations with eosinophil, basophil, natural killer cell and dendritic cell percentages. We suppose that the described interactions represent a manifestation of cancer-induced immune suppression. The results of the present study contribute to the elucidation of the interrelationship between tumor cells and the innate/adaptive immune system of the host.
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16
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Guo TA, Lai HY, Li C, Li Y, Li YC, Jin YT, Zhang ZZ, Huang HB, Huang SL, Xu Y. Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Long RNAs Have Potential as Biomarkers in Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829230. [PMID: 35480120 PMCID: PMC9037372 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is crucial to the treatment and prognosis of patients. Traditional screening methods have disadvantages. Methods 231 blood samples were collected from 86 CRC, 56 colorectal adenoma (CRA), and 89 healthy individuals, from which extracellular vesicle long RNAs (exLRs) were isolated and sequenced. An CRC diagnostic signature (d-signature) was established, and prognosis-associated cell components were evaluated. Results The exLR d-signature for CRC was established based on 17 of the differentially expressed exLRs. The d-signature showed high diagnostic efficiency of CRC and control (CRA and healthy) samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.938 in the training cohort, 0.943 in the validation cohort, and 0.947 in an independent cohort. The d-signature could effectively differentiate early-stage (stage I–II) CRC from healthy individuals (AUC 0.990), as well as differentiating CEA-negative CRC from healthy individuals (AUC 0.988). A CRA d-signature was also generated and could differentiate CRA from healthy individuals both in the training (AUC 0.993) and validation (AUC 0.978) cohorts. The enrichment of class-switched memory B-cells, B-cells, naive B-cells, and mast cells showed increasing trends between CRC, CRA, and healthy cohorts. Class-switched memory B-cells, mast cells, and basophils were positively associated with CRC prognosis while natural killer T-cells, naive B-cells, immature dendritic cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells were negatively associated with prognosis. Conclusions Our study identified that the exLR d-signature could differentiate CRC from CRA and healthy individuals with high efficiency and exLR profiling also has potential in CRA screening and CRC prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-An Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tong Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhao-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Bo Huang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Xu, ; Sheng-Lin Huang,
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Xu, ; Sheng-Lin Huang,
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17
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Kalavska K, Sestakova Z, Mlcakova A, Gronesova P, Miskovska V, Rejlekova K, Svetlovska D, Sycova-Mila Z, Obertova J, Palacka P, Mardiak J, Chovanec M, Chovanec M, Mego M. Comprehensive Assessment of Selected Immune Cell Subpopulations Changes in Chemotherapy-Naïve Germ Cell Tumor Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:858797. [PMID: 35359385 PMCID: PMC8963339 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.858797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of immune cell distribution in testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) significantly differs from the immune environment in normal testicular tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of different leukocyte subpopulation in GCTs. A cohort of 84 chemotherapy-naïve GCT patients was analyzed. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations was carried out by flow cytometry. In addition, the data assessing the immunophenotypes and the baseline clinicopathological characteristics of the included subjects were statistically evaluated. Their prognostic value for the assessment of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was estimated. The percentage of different innate/adaptive immune cell subpopulations was significantly associated with poor risk-related clinical features, including the number of metastatic sites, presence of retroperitoneal, mediastinal, lung, brain and non-pulmonary visceral metastases as well as with the S-stage and International Germ Cell Consensus Classification Group (IGCCCG) risk groups. In univariate analysis, the percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells type 2, lymphocytes and T cytotoxic cells were significantly associated with PFS, while the neutrophil, non-classical monocyte and lymphocyte percentage were associated with OS. However, all these outcome correlations were not independent of IGCCCG in multivariate analysis. The data indicated a link among different innate/adaptive peripheral immune cell subpopulations in GCT patients. In addition, the association between these subpopulations and tumor characteristics was also investigated. The findings of the present study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the interactions between cancer and innate/adaptive immune response in GCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Sestakova
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institute of Children's Diseases, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Mlcakova
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Miskovska
- 1Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Svetlovska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Jana Obertova
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Patrik Palacka
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Chovanec
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Michal Mego,
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18
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Clinical and Translational Significance of Basophils in Patients with Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030438. [PMID: 35159247 PMCID: PMC8833920 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite comprising a very small proportion of circulating blood leukocytes, basophils are potent immune effector cells. The high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcɛRI) is expressed on the basophil cell surface and powerful inflammatory mediators such as histamine, granzyme B, and cytokines are stored in dense cytoplasmic granules, ready to be secreted in response to a range of immune stimuli. Basophils play key roles in eliciting potent effector functions in allergic diseases and type 1 hypersensitivity. Beyond allergies, basophils can be recruited to tissues in chronic and autoimmune inflammation, and in response to parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. While their activation states and functions can be influenced by Th2-biased inflammatory signals, which are also known features of several tumor types, basophils have received little attention in cancer. Here, we discuss the presence and functional significance of basophils in the circulation of cancer patients and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Interrogating publicly available datasets, we conduct gene expression analyses to explore basophil signatures and associations with clinical outcomes in several cancers. Furthermore, we assess how basophils can be harnessed to predict hypersensitivity to cancer treatments and to monitor the desensitization of patients to oncology drugs, using assays such as the basophil activation test (BAT).
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19
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Zhou S, He Q, Sheng N, Gong J, Ren J, Wang Z. Blood cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio as a novel prognostic marker to predict postoperative overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35033097 PMCID: PMC8760814 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid disequilibrium and systemic inflammation are reported to correlate with tumorigenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We construct the novel biomarker cholesterol-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) to reflect the synergistic effect of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation on CRC outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of CLR and establish a prognostic model for CRC. Methods Our study retrospectively enrolled 223 CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection. The Kaplan-Meier method was employed to estimate the overall survival (OS) rates, and the association between serological biomarkers and survival was assessed with a log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied in the univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent prognostic factors, which were then used to develop a predictive nomogram model for OS in CRC. The nomogram was evaluated by the C-index, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, and calibration plot. All cases were grouped into three stratifications according to the total risk points calculated from the nomogram, and the difference in OS between them was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results At the end of the study, death occurred in 47 (21%) cases. Patients with low CLR (< 3.23) had significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that N stage (P < 0.001), harvested lymph nodes (P = 0.021), and CLR (P = 0.005) were independent prognostic factors for OS and a prognostic nomogram was established based on these variables. The nomogram showed good calibration and predictive performance with a superior C-index than TNM stage (0.755 (0.719–0.791) vs. 0.663 (0.629–0.697), P = 0.001). Patients of different risk stratifications based on the total score of nomogram showed distinct survival (P < 0.001). Conclusions The nomogram based on CLR and other clinical features can be used as a potentially convenient and reliable tool in predicting survival in patients with CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-021-02471-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qian He
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nengquan Sheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiazi Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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20
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Comprehensive Statistical Exploration of Prognostic (Bio-)Markers for Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010075. [PMID: 35008239 PMCID: PMC8750624 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may suffer from heavy side effects, and not all patients benefit from the treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to gain knowledge about possible (bio-)markers for response to ICIs. We used retrospective data acquired from NSCLC patients treated with ICIs in first- or further-line therapy settings, including 16 possible markers. We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis study to find markers for response to treatment, assessed the robustness of our results, and discussed often encountered statistical pitfalls. Our study yielded hypotheses for various predictive and prognostic (bio-)markers for response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. In particular, we found that high basophil counts may be predictive for treatment response in patients in further-line therapy settings. Abstract Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may suffer from heavy side effects and not all patients benefit from the treatment. We conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis to identify promising (bio-)markers for treatment response. We analyzed retrospective data from NSCLC patients treated with ICIs in first- or further-line therapy settings at the University Hospital Zurich. We investigated 16 possible prognostic markers with respect to overall survival, tumor size reduction, and the development of an immune-related adverse event (irAE) and assessed the robustness of our results. For the further-line patient group, the most significant result was that increased basophil counts were associated with increased odds of tumor size reduction within three months and with the development of an irAE. For the first-line patient group, the most significant results were that increased lymphocyte counts, the histology of adenocarcinoma, and the intake of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drugs (NSAR) were associated with decreased hazards of dying. Our study yielded new hypotheses for predictive (bio-)markers for response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. The possibly beneficial role of high basophil counts is a particularly interesting finding. Our results should be tested on independent data in a prospective fashion.
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21
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Huang YK, Busuttil RA, Boussioutas A. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235885. [PMID: 34884995 PMCID: PMC8656477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor invasion and metastasis are one of the main reasons patients succumb to cancer. In this review, we summarize recent studies which provide evidence on the involvement of cells of the innate immune system and their function in invasion and metastasis. Abstract Metastasis is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis is significantly associated with cancer mortality. Metastasis occurs via a series of integrated processes involving tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The innate immune components of the microenvironment have been shown to engage with tumor cells and not only regulate their proliferation and survival, but also modulate the surrounding environment to enable cancer progression. In the era of immune therapies, it is critical to understand how different innate immune cell populations are involved in this process. This review summarizes recent literature describing the roles of innate immune cells during the tumor metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rita A. Busuttil
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bai L, Lin ZY, Lu YX, Chen Q, Zhou H, Meng Q, Lin CP, Huang WL, Wan YL, Pan ZZ, Wang DS. The prognostic value of preoperative serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients underwent curative-intent hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases: A two-center cohort study. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8005-8019. [PMID: 34636145 PMCID: PMC8607270 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in colorectal cancer patients has remained inconsistent between nonmetastatic and metastatic settings. So far, very few studies have included LDH in the prognostic analysis of curative‐intent surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Patients and Methods Five hundred and eighty consecutive metastatic colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative‐intent CRLM resection from Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center (434 patients) and Sun Yat‐sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital (146 patients) in 2000–2019 were retrospectively collected. Overall survival (OS) was the primary end point. Cox regression model was performed to identify the prognostic values of preoperative serum LDH levels and other clinicopathology variables. A modification of the established Fong CRS scoring system comprising LDH was developed within this Chinese population. Results At the median follow‐up time of 60.5 months, median OS was 59.5 months in the pooled cohort. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative LDH >upper limit of normal (250 U/L) was the strongest independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.44; p < 0.001). Patients with elevated LDH levels showed impaired OS than patients with normal LDH levels (27.6 months vs. 68.8 months). Five‐year survival rates were 53.7% and 22.5% in the LDH‐normal group and LDH‐high group, respectively. Similar results were also confirmed in each cohort. In the subgroup analysis, LDH could distinguish the survival regardless of most established prognostic factors (number and size of CRLM, surgical margin, extrahepatic metastases, CEA, and CA19‐9 levels, etc.). Integrating LDH into the Fong score contributed to an improvement in the predictive value. Conclusion Our study implicates serum LDH as a reliable and independent laboratory biomarker to predict the clinical outcome of curative‐intent surgery for CRLM. Composite of LDH and Fong score is a potential stratification tool for CRLM resection. Prospective, international studies are needed to validate these results across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of VIP region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Yu Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Medical Administration, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ping Lin
- Department of Oncology, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, China
| | - Wan-Lan Huang
- Department of Oncology, Jieyang Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Jieyang, China
| | - Yun-Le Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Wu Q, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Chang J, Jiang Y, Zhu D, Wei Y. Impact of Inadequate Number of Lymph Nodes Examined on Survival in Stage II Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:736678. [PMID: 34616683 PMCID: PMC8489731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.736678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate number of lymph nodes examined was not uncommon. We aimed to assess the clinical role of inadequate number of lymph nodes examined in stage II colon cancer. Methods The cancer data used in our study were obtained from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) program. Using the chi-square test, all the variables obtained in our study were compared based on whether patients had enough (≥12) lymph nodes examined. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for overall survival (OS) analysis, and log-rank test was applied to compare different N stages with the total number of lymph nodes examined. Multivariate analysis was carried out by creating a Cox proportional hazard model to assess the prognostic roles of different variables. Results In total, 80,296 stage II/III colon cancer patients were recruited for our study. N0 stage with <8 lymph nodes examined would present with a worse prognosis compared to N1 stage (5-year OS rates, 51.6% vs. 57.1%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses indicated that OS of N0 stage with <8 lymph nodes examined was similar to that of N1 stage after adjusting for other recognized prognostic factors [hazard ratios (HRs) = 1.051, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.014–1.090, p = 0.018]. Conclusions N0 stage with less than eight lymph nodes examined in stage II colon cancer presented with no better OS compared to that of N1 stage. Stage II colon cancer with less than eight lymph nodes examined needed to be given greater emphasis in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Yan W, Zhou H, Shi S, Lin J, Lin Q. Association Between Chemotherapy and Survival in T1 Colon Cancer With Lymph Node Metastasis: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:699400. [PMID: 34395267 PMCID: PMC8361445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.699400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively examine the efficacy of chemotherapy in T1 colon cancer patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Yan
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhou
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jixu Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiangkang Lin
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou No. 3 Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Dou A, Fang J. Heterogeneous Myeloid Cells in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3772. [PMID: 34359674 PMCID: PMC8345207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating studies highlight a critical role of myeloid cells in cancer biology and therapy. The myeloid cells constitute the major components of tumor microenvironment (TME). The most studied tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs) include monocytes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), dendritic cells (DCs), cancer-related circulating neutrophils, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These heterogenous myeloid cells perform pro-tumor or anti-tumor function, exerting complex and even opposing effects on all stages of tumor development, such as malignant clonal evolution, growth, survival, invasiveness, dissemination and metastasis of tumor cells. TAMCs also reshape TME and tumor vasculature to favor tumor development. The main function of these myeloid cells is to modulate the behavior of lymphocytes, forming immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive TME cues. In addition, TAMCs play a critical role in modulating the response to cancer therapy. Targeting TAMCs is vigorously tested as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. This review briefly introduces the TAMC subpopulations and their function in tumor cells, TME, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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26
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Liu Q, Zhang R, Li Q, Li X. Clinical Implications of Nonbiological Factors With Colorectal Cancer Patients Younger Than 45 Years. Front Oncol 2021; 11:677198. [PMID: 34307145 PMCID: PMC8293297 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.677198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the clinical implications of non-biological factors (NBFs) with colorectal cancer (CRC) patients younger than 45 years. Methods In the present study, we have conducted Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to evaluate the prognosis of different prognostic factors, the hazard ratios (HRs) were shown with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Kaplan-Meier method was utilized to compare the prognostic value of different factors with the log-rank test. NBF score was established according to the result of multivariate Cox analyses. Results In total, 15129 patients before 45 years with known NBFs were identified from the SEER database. Only county-level median household income, marital status and insurance status were NBFs that significantly corelated with the cause specifical survival in CRC patients aged less than 45 years old (P < 0.05). Stage NBF 1 showed 50.5% increased risk of CRC-specific mortality (HR = 1.505, 95% CI = 1.411-1.606, P < 0.001). Stage NBF 0 patients were associated with significantly increased CRC-specific survival (CCSS) when compared with the stage NBF 1 patients in different AJCC TNM stages. Conclusions NBF stage (defined by county-level median household income, marital status and insurance status) was strongly related to the prognosis of CRC patients. NBFs should arouse enough attention of us in clinical practice of patients younger than 45 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Liu Q, Yang Y, Li X, Zhang S. Implications of Habitual Alcohol Intake With the Prognostic Significance of Mean Corpuscular Volume in Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:681406. [PMID: 34195083 PMCID: PMC8236820 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.681406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the prognostic significance of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), with implications of habitual alcohol intake in stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC). Background MCV had the potential to become an ideal prognostic biomarker and be put into clinical application. Few studies, however, have explored whether habitual alcohol intake which greatly increased the value of MCV would affect the prognostic role of MCV. Methods Eligible patients were identified from the CRC database of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between January 2012 and December 2013. Survival analyses were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method to evaluate the survival time distribution, and the log-rank test was used to determine the survival differences. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were built to calculate the hazard ratios of different prognostic factors. Results A total of 694 patients diagnosed with stage II-III CRC between January 2012 and December 2013 were identified from FUSCC. Low pretreatment MCV was independently associated with 72.0% increased risk of overall mortality compared with normal MCV (HR = 1.720, 95%CI =1.028-2.876, P =0.039, using normal MCV as the reference). In patients with habitual alcohol intake, however, pretreatment MCV positively correlated with the mortality (P = 0.02) and tumor recurrence (P = 0.002) after adjusting for other known prognostic factors. Conclusions In CRC patients without habitual alcohol intake, low (<80 fL) level of pretreatment MCV was a predictor of poor prognosis. In patients with habitual alcohol intake, however, pretreatment MCV showed the opposite prognostic role, which would elicit many fundamental studies to elucidate the mechanisms behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Siemińska I, Poljańska E, Baran J. Granulocytes and Cells of Granulocyte Origin-The Relevant Players in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073801. [PMID: 33917620 PMCID: PMC8038777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancy and cause of cancer death worldwide, and it still remains a therapeutic challenge for western medicine. There is strong evidence that, in addition to genetic predispositions, environmental factors have also a substantial impact in CRC development. The risk of CRC is attributed, among others to dietary habits, alcohol consumption, whereas physical activity, food containing dietary fiber, dairy products, and calcium supplements have a protective effect. Despite progress in the available therapies, surgery remains a basic treatment option for CRC. Implementation of additional methods of treatment such as chemo- and/or targeted immunotherapy, improved survival rates, however, the results are still far from satisfactory. One of the reasons may be the lack of deeper understanding of the interactions between the tumor and different types of cells, including tumor infiltrating granulocytes. While the role of neutrophils is quite well explored in many cancers, role of eosinophils and basophils is often underestimated. As part of this review, we focused on the function of different granulocyte subsets in CRC, emphasizing the beneficial role of eosinophils and basophils, as well as dichotomic mode of neutrophils action. In addition, we addressed the current knowledge on cells of granulocyte origin, specifically granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (Gr-MDSCs) and their role in development and progression of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siemińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Poljańska
- Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Tu J, Yao Z, Wu W, Ju J, Xu Y, Liu Y. Perineural Invasion Is a Strong Prognostic Factor but Not a Predictive Factor of Response to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:663154. [PMID: 33859950 PMCID: PMC8042311 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.663154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To validate the prognostic value and evaluate the predictive value of response to adjuvant chemotherapy of perineural invasion (PNI) in node-negative colon cancer using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 tumor registry database. Methods Patients diagnosed with colon cancer from the SEER database between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015 were identified. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate different demographic and clinical features of patients between PNI-negative (PNI (-)) and PNI-positive (PNI (+)) groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were built to examine the relationship of demographic and clinical features and survival outcomes with the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In total, 57,255 node-negative colon cancer patients were extracted from the SEER database. The receipt of chemotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor for CSS in T3 colon cancer with or without the presence of PNI (P >0.05). The receipt of chemotherapy was independently associated with 34.0% decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality compared with those without the receipt of chemotherapy in T4 colon cancer without the presence of PNI (HR = 0.660, 95%CI = 0.559-0.779, P <0.001); the receipt of chemotherapy was independently associated with 36.0% decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality compared with those without the receipt of chemotherapy in T4 colon cancer with the presence of PNI (HR = 0.640, 95%CI = 0.438-0.935, P = 0.021). Conclusions The present study demonstrated the poor prognosis of PNI (+) in both stage I and II colon cancer. However, the presence of PNI was not a predictive factor of response to adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Tu
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Zongxi Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Ju
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinkai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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30
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Zheng L, Yu M, Zhang S. Prognostic value of pretreatment circulating basophils in patients with glioblastoma. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:3471-3478. [PMID: 33765226 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that atopic diseases were inversely related to glioma susceptibility and associated with improved prognosis of patients with glioma. This study aimed to elucidate the impacts of basophils, one of the important effector cells in the pathobiology of atopic disease, on prognosis of patients with glioblastoma (GBM). A total of 268 patients were newly diagnosed with GBM and treated with operation at our institution from January 2010 to December 2017. The association between pre-operation circulating eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte count and GBM progression free survival (PFS) was investigated. Moreover, based on the results of multivariate analysis, a prognostic nomogram was established and evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method showed that basophils ≥0.015 × 109/L (p = 0.015) and lymphocytes ≥1.555 × 109/L (p = 0.005) were correlated with better PFS. Cox regression model showed that basophils ≥0.015 × 109/L were an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Prognostic nomogram was established and the concordance index (C-index) for PFS prediction was 0.629. The calibration plots for the probability of 0.5-, 1- and 3-year PFS showed optimal consistency between the prediction by nomogram and actual observation. Increased pre-operation circulating basophils portend better PFS, which might be a useful and novel marker for the prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Gaopeng Street, Keyuan Road 4, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Gaopeng Street, Keyuan Road 4, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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31
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Liu Q, Shan Z, Luo D, Zhang S, Li Q, Li X. Associations of P Score With Real-World Survival Improvement Offered by Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II Colon Cancer: A Large Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:574772. [PMID: 33718134 PMCID: PMC7945037 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.574772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Based on a prognostic scoring system (P score) proposed by us recently, this retrospective large population-based and propensity score-matched (PSM) study focused on predicting the survival benefit of adjuvant CT in stage II disease. Methods Patients diagnosed with stage II colon cancer (N = 73397) were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between January 1, 1988 and December 31, 2005 and divided into the CT and non-CT groups. PSM balanced the patient characteristics between the CT and non-CT groups. Results The magnitude of CSS improvement among patients treated with adjuvant CT was significantly associated with the P score, score 8 [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.580, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.323–1.040, P = 0.067] was associated with a much higher increased CSS benefit among patients treated with adjuvant CT as compared to score 2* (*, including scores 0, 1, and 2; HR = 1.338, 95% CI = 1.089–1.644, P = 0.006). Conclusions High P scores were demonstrated to be associated with superior survival benefit of adjuvant CT. Therapy decisions of adjuvant CT in stage II colon cancer could be tailored on the basis of tumor biology, patient characteristics and the P score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dakui Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9040055. [PMID: 33081206 PMCID: PMC7709114 DOI: 10.3390/antib9040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in allergic diseases and for contributions to antiparasitic immune responses. Properties of this antibody class that mediate powerful effector functions may be redirected for the treatment of solid tumours. This has led to the rise of a new class of therapeutic antibodies to complement the armamentarium of approved tumour targeting antibodies, which to date are all IgG class. The perceived risk of type I hypersensitivity reactions following administration of IgE has necessitated particular consideration in the development of these therapeutic agents. Here, we bring together the properties of IgE antibodies pivotal to the hypothesis for superior antitumour activity compared to IgG, observations of in vitro and in vivo efficacy and mechanisms of action, and a focus on the safety considerations for this novel class of therapeutic agent. These include in vitro studies of potential hypersensitivity, selection of and observations from appropriate in vivo animal models and possible implications of the high degree of glycosylation of IgE. We also discuss the use of ex vivo predictive and monitoring clinical tools, as well as the risk mitigation steps employed in, and the preliminary outcomes from, the first-in-human clinical trial of a candidate anticancer IgE therapeutic.
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33
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Huang Q, Cao Y, Wang S, Zhu R. Creation of a Novel Inflammation-Based Score for Operable Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:659-671. [PMID: 33116746 PMCID: PMC7547789 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s271541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Systemic inflammation has been implicated in the progression of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated the prognostic ability of a comprehensive score based on several inflammatory indexes in operable CRC patients. Patients and Methods Between July 2013 and September 2017, this study retrospectively identified 1279 CRC patients receiving radical surgery in Wuhan Union Hospital and randomly assigned them into training (N=921) and validation (N=358) sets. A novel score, the CRC-specific inflammatory index (CSII), was developed from a series of inflammatory indexes significantly associated with survival in patients with CRC. This novel score was then divided into three categories and compared to the well-known systematic inflammatory index (SII) and TNM stage. Finally, a survival nomogram was generated by combining the CSII and other informative clinical features. Results The CSII-OS was calculated as 1.110×lg ALRI + 1.082×CAR + 0.792×PI, while CSII-DFS was 1.709×lg ALRI + 1.033×CAR based on multivariable Cox regression analysis. Patients with high CSII experienced a worse OS (HR=23.72, 95% CI, 11.30-49.78, P <0.001) and worse DFS (HR=15.62, 95% CI, 6.95-35.08, P <0.001) compared to those in CRC patients with low CSII. Moreover, ROC analyses showed that the CSII possessed excellent performance (AUC=0.859) in predicting OS and DFS. The AUC of the OS nomogram based on CSII, TNM stage, and chemotherapy was 0.897, while that of the DFS nomogram based on CSII, T stage, and TNM stage was 0.873. High-quality calibration curves in both OS and DFS nomograms were observed. Verification in the validation dataset showed results consistent with those in the training dataset. Conclusion The CSII is a CRC-specific prognostic score based on the combination of available inflammatory indexes. High CSII is a strong predictor of worse survival outcomes. The CSII also exhibits better predictive performance compared to SII or TNM stage in operable CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Pediatric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Gastroenterology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyi Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Pediatric, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Marone G, Schroeder JT, Mattei F, Loffredo S, Gambardella AR, Poto R, de Paulis A, Schiavoni G, Varricchi G. Is There a Role for Basophils in Cancer? Front Immunol 2020; 11:2103. [PMID: 33013885 PMCID: PMC7505934 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophils were identified in human peripheral blood by Paul Ehrlich over 140 years ago. Human basophils represent <1% of peripheral blood leukocytes. During the last decades, basophils have been described also in mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys. There are many similarities, but also several immunological differences between human and mouse basophils. There are currently several strains of mice with profound constitutive or inducible basophil deficiency useful to prove that these cells have specific roles in vivo. However, none of these mice are solely and completely devoid of all basophils. Therefore, the relevance of these findings to humans remains to be established. It has been known for some time that basophils have the propensity to migrate into the site of inflammation. Recent observations indicate that tissue resident basophils contribute to lung development and locally promote M2 polarization of macrophages. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that lung-resident basophils exhibit a specific phenotype, different from circulating basophils. Activated human and mouse basophils synthesize restricted and distinct profiles of cytokines. Human basophils produce several canonical (e.g., VEGFs, angiopoietin 1) and non-canonical (i.e., cysteinyl leukotriene C4) angiogenic factors. Activated human and mouse basophils release extracellular DNA traps that may have multiple effects in cancer. Hyperresponsiveness of basophils has been demonstrated in patients with JAK2V617F-positive polycythemia vera. Basophils are present in the immune landscape of human lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer and can promote inflammation-driven skin tumor growth. The few studies conducted thus far using different models of basophil-deficient mice have provided informative results on the roles of these cells in tumorigenesis. Much more remains to be discovered before we unravel the hitherto mysterious roles of basophils in human and experimental cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Marone
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
| | - John T Schroeder
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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35
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Bax HJ, Chauhan J, Stavraka C, Khiabany A, Nakamura M, Pellizzari G, Ilieva KM, Lombardi S, Gould HJ, Corrigan CJ, Till SJ, Katugampola S, Jones PS, Barton C, Winship A, Ghosh S, Montes A, Josephs DH, Spicer JF, Karagiannis SN. Basophils from Cancer Patients Respond to Immune Stimuli and Predict Clinical Outcome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071631. [PMID: 32645919 PMCID: PMC7408103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are involved in manifestations of hypersensitivity, however, the current understanding of their propensity for activation and their prognostic value in cancer patients remains unclear. As in healthy and atopic individuals, basophil populations were identified in blood from ovarian cancer patients (n = 53) with diverse tumor histologies and treatment histories. Ex vivo basophil activation was measured by CD63 expression using the basophil activation test (BAT). Irrespective of prior treatment, basophils could be activated by stimulation with IgE- (anti-FcεRI and anti-IgE) and non-IgE (fMLP) mediated triggers. Basophil activation was detected by ex vivo exposure to paclitaxel, but not to other anti-cancer therapies, in agreement with a clinical history of systemic hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel. Protein and gene expression analyses support the presence of basophils (CCR3, CD123, FcεRI) and activated basophils (CD63, CD203c, tryptase) in ovarian tumors. Greater numbers of circulating basophils, cells with greater capacity for ex vivo stimulation (n = 35), and gene signatures indicating the presence of activated basophils in tumors (n = 439) were each associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer. Circulating basophils in cancer patients respond to IgE- and non-IgE-mediated signals and could help identify hypersensitivity to therapeutic agents. Activated circulating and tumor-infiltrating basophils may be potential biomarkers in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J. Bax
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Chara Stavraka
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Atousa Khiabany
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Mano Nakamura
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
| | - Giulia Pellizzari
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
| | - Kristina M. Ilieva
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sara Lombardi
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Oncology & Haematology Clinical Trials (OHCT), Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Christopher J. Corrigan
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stephen J. Till
- Asthma UK Centre, Allergic Mechanisms in Asthma, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (C.J.C.); (S.J.T.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy and School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sidath Katugampola
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Paul S. Jones
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
| | - Claire Barton
- Centre for Drug Development, Cancer Research UK, 2 Redman Place, London E20 1JQ, UK; (S.K.); (P.S.J.); (C.B.)
- Barton Oncology Ltd., 8 Elm Avenue, Eastcote, Middlesex HA4 8PD, UK
| | - Anna Winship
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sharmistha Ghosh
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Ana Montes
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - James F. Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK;
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK; (A.W.); (S.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; (H.J.B.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (A.K.); (M.N.); (G.P.); (K.M.I.); (D.H.J.)
- Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)20-7188-6355; Fax: +44(0)20-7188-8050
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