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Sakurai N, Fujihara Y, Kobayashi K, Ikawa M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of lipocalins, Ly6g5b, and Ly6g5c causes male subfertility in mice. Andrology 2024; 12:981-990. [PMID: 36428102 PMCID: PMC10506895 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatozoa become mature and competent for fertilization during transit from the caput epididymis to the cauda epididymis. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of epididymal sperm maturation are still unclear. Here, we focused on multiple epididymis-enriched genes: lipocalin family genes (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, Lcn9, and Lcn10) and Ly6 family genes (Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c). These genes are evolutionarily conserved in mammals and form clusters on chromosomes 2 and 17 in the mouse, respectively. OBJECTIVE To clarify whether these genes are required for epididymal sperm maturation and acquisition of fertilizing ability, we generated knockout (KO) mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and analyzed their phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS We generated four lines of KO mice: Lcn9 single KO, the lipocalin family quadruple KO (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, and Lcn10), quintuple KO (Lcn5, Lcn6, Lcn8, Lcn10, and Lcn9), and double KO of Ly6 family genes (Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c). RESULTS Although the Lcn9 single KO did not affect male fertility, the quadruple KO and quintuple KO male mice were subfertile and mostly infertile, respectively, with a reduced amount of ADAM3, an essential protein for sperm binding to the zona pellucida. Further analysis revealed that the quintuple KO spermatozoa lack the CMTM2A/B that are required for ADAM3 maturation. Intriguingly, Ly6g5b and Ly6g5c double KO male mice also showed subfertility with reduced sperm ADAM3. CONCLUSION These results suggest epididymal secretory proteins are involved in ADAM3 maturation and acquisition of sperm fertilizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Sakurai
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibeshinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Giannelli SG, Luoni M, Iannielli A, Middeldorp J, Philippens I, Bido S, Körbelin J, Broccoli V. New AAV9 engineered variants with enhanced neurotropism and reduced liver off-targeting in mice and marmosets. iScience 2024; 27:109777. [PMID: 38711458 PMCID: PMC11070337 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Although adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) has been highly exploited as delivery platform for gene-based therapies, its efficacy is hampered by low efficiency in crossing the adult blood-brain barrier (BBB) and pronounced targeting to the liver upon intravenous delivery. We generated a new galactose binding-deficient AAV9 peptide display library and selected two new AAV9 engineered capsids with enhanced targeting in mouse and marmoset brains after intravenous delivery. Interestingly, the loss of galactose binding greatly reduced undesired targeting to peripheral organs, particularly the liver, while not compromising transduction of the brain vasculature. However, the galactose binding was necessary to efficiently infect non-endothelial brain cells. Thus, the combinatorial actions of the galactose-binding domain and the incorporated displayed peptide are crucial to enhance BBB crossing along with brain cell transduction. This study describes two novel capsids with high brain endothelial infectivity and extremely low liver targeting based on manipulating the AAV9 galactose-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gea Giannelli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Luoni
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Angelo Iannielli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Philippens
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre (BPRC), 2288 GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Simone Bido
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vania Broccoli
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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da Silva MI, Ott T. Effects of conceptus proteins on endometrium and blood leukocytes of dairy cattle using transcriptome and meta-analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591148. [PMID: 38712302 PMCID: PMC11071483 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the short and long-term effects of IFNT and PAG on the transcriptome of endometrium and blood leukocytes. Holstein heifers received intrauterine infusions of one of the following treatments: 20 mL of a 200 μg/mL bovine serum albumin solution (BSA; vehicle) from day 14 to 16 of the estrous cycle (BSA), vehicle + 10 μg/mL of IFNT from day 14 to 16 (IFNT3), vehicle + 10 μg/mL of IFNT from day 14 to 19 (IFNT6), and vehicle + 10 μg/mL of IFNT from day 14 to 16 followed by vehicle + 10 μg/mL of IFNT + 5 μg/mL of PAG from day 17 to 19 (IFNT+PAG). RNA-seq analysis was performed in endometrial biopsies and blood leukocytes collected after treatments. Acute IFNT signaling in the endometrium (IFNT3 vs BSA), induced differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with interferon activation, immune response, inflammation, cell death, and inhibited vesicle transport and extracellular matrix remodeling. Prolonged IFNT signaling (IFNT6 vs IFNT3) altered gene expression related to cell invasion, retinoic acid signaling, and embryo implantation. In contrast, PAG induced numerous DEG in blood leukocytes but only 4 DEG in the endometrium. In blood leukocytes, PAG stimulated genes involved in development and TGFB signaling while inhibiting interferon signaling and cell migration. Overall, IFNT is a primary regulator of endometrial gene expression, while PAG predominantly affected the transcriptome of circulating immune cells during early pregnancy. Further research is essential to fully grasp the roles of identified DEG in both the endometrium and blood leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Troy Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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4
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İmren IG, Ertürk S, Çetin GO, Kaçar N. A novel mutation in SLURP1 in patients with Mal de Meleda from Turkey. Int J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38647179 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Göğem İmren
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Ertürk
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Ozan Çetin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nida Kaçar
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Pamukkale University Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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Jardim Poli P, Fischer-Carvalho A, Tahira AC, Chan JD, Verjovski-Almeida S, Sena Amaral M. Long Non-Coding RNA Levels Are Modulated in Schistosoma mansoni following In Vivo Praziquantel Exposure. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38668385 PMCID: PMC11053911 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma that affects over 200 million people worldwide. For decades, praziquantel (PZQ) has been the only available drug to treat the disease. Despite recent discoveries that identified a transient receptor ion channel as the target of PZQ, schistosome response to this drug remains incompletely understood, since effectiveness relies on other factors that may trigger a complex regulation of parasite gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with low or no protein-coding potential that play important roles in S. mansoni homeostasis, reproduction, and fertility. Here, we show that in vivo PZQ treatment modulates lncRNA levels in S. mansoni. We re-analyzed public RNA-Seq data from mature and immature S. mansoni worms treated in vivo with PZQ and detected hundreds of lncRNAs differentially expressed following drug exposure, many of which are shared among mature and immature worms. Through RT-qPCR, seven out of ten selected lncRNAs were validated as differentially expressed; interestingly, we show that these lncRNAs are not adult worm stage-specific and are co-expressed with PZQ-modulated protein-coding genes. By demonstrating that parasite lncRNA expression levels alter in response to PZQ, this study unravels an important step toward elucidating the complex mechanisms of S. mansoni response to PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jardim Poli
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - Agatha Fischer-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - Ana Carolina Tahira
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
| | - John D. Chan
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Sena Amaral
- Laboratório de Ciclo Celular, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (P.J.P.); (A.F.-C.); (A.C.T.); (S.V.-A.)
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6
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Yang T, Liu T, Lei T, Li T, Liu N, Zhang M. Unveiling the potential of SLURP1 protein as a biomarker for prostate cancer screening. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1365615. [PMID: 38686195 PMCID: PMC11057230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1365615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) develops slowly and lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage, which makes early screening and diagnosis difficult. Urine collection is simple and is an ideal source of biomarkers. In this study, we performed urinary proteomic studies in PCa patients to screen proteins and apply them to the non-invasive early diagnosis of PCa. Method Urine samples from PCa patients, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and normal control group were collected. Mass spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis and screening target proteins. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to verify the results. Correlations with clinical indicators were explored, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the value of target proteins in PCa. Result A total of 1065 proteins were identified. Urinary SLURP1 protein was significantly elevated in patients with PCa compared with normal controls and patients with BPH patients. Western blot and ELISA further verified the expression changes of SLURP1. The immunohistochemical staining results revealed a substantial increase in positive SLURP1 expression within PCa tumor tissue. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the expression level of urine SLURP1 protein and serum PSA. ROC curve analysis of the SLURP1 protein in the urine of both normal individuals and PCa patients is determined to be 0.853 (95% CI=0.754 to 0.954). Conclusion The concentration of SLURP1 protein in urine of PCa patients is increased, which can serve as a biomarker for screening PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyin Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urinary Cellular Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing, China
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Laboratory Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Körbelin J, Arrulo A, Schwaninger M. Gene therapy targeting the blood-brain barrier. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:191-217. [PMID: 39029973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are the building blocks of vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) and form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). An intact BBB limits permeation of large hydrophilic molecules into the CNS. Thus, the healthy BBB is a major obstacle for the treatment of CNS disorders with antibodies, recombinant proteins or viral vectors. Several strategies have been devised to overcome the barrier. A key principle often consists in attaching the therapeutic compound to a ligand of receptors expressed on the BBB, for example, the transferrin receptor (TfR). The fusion molecule will bind to TfR on the luminal side of brain endothelial cells, pass the endothelial layer by transcytosis and be delivered to the brain parenchyma. However, attempts to endow therapeutic compounds with the ability to cross the BBB can be difficult to implement. An alternative and possibly more straight-forward approach is to produce therapeutic proteins in the endothelial cells that form the barrier. These cells are accessible from blood circulation and have a large interface with the brain parenchyma. They may be an ideal production site for therapeutic protein and afford direct supply to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Körbelin
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, UKE Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adriana Arrulo
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Hamburg-Lübeck-Kiel, Germany.
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Noda T, Shinohara H, Kobayashi S, Taira A, Oura S, Tahara D, Tokuyasu M, Araki K, Ikawa M. Multiple genes in the Pate5-13 genomic region contribute to ADAM3 processing†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:750-760. [PMID: 38217862 PMCID: PMC11017121 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Sperm proteins undergo post-translational modifications during sperm transit through the epididymis to acquire fertilizing ability. We previously reported that the genomic region coding Pate family genes is key to the proteolytic processing of the sperm membrane protein ADAM3 and male fertility. This region contains nine Pate family genes (Pate5-13), and two protein-coding genes (Gm27235 and Gm5916), with a domain structure similar to Pate family genes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify key factors by narrowing the genomic region. We generated three knockout (KO) mouse lines using CRISPR/Cas9: single KO mice of Pate10 expressed in the caput epididymis; deletion KO mice of six caput epididymis-enriched genes (Pate5-7, 13, Gm27235, and Gm5916) (Pate7-Gm5916 KO); and deletion KO mice of four genes expressed in the placenta and epididymis (Pate8, 9, 11, and 12) (Pate8-12 KO). We observed that the fertility of only Pate7-Gm5916 KO males was reduced, whereas the rest remained unaffected. Furthermore, when the caput epididymis-enriched genes, Pate8 and Pate10 remained in Pate7-Gm5916 KO mice were independently deleted, both KO males displayed more severe subfertility due to a decrease in mature ADAM3 and a defect in sperm migration to the oviduct. Thus, our data showed that multiple caput epididymis-enriched genes within the region coding Pate5-13 cooperatively function to ensure male fertility in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Noda
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hina Shinohara
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sumire Kobayashi
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taira
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiya Oura
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Duri Tahara
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Midori Tokuyasu
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Shi X, Simms KJ, Ewing TJ, Lin YP, Chen YL, Melvan JN, Siggins RW, Zhang P. The bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell response to septic infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368099. [PMID: 38665923 PMCID: PMC11044677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early increase in the level of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the systemic circulation occurs in patients with septic infection/sepsis. The significance and underlying mechanisms of this response remain unclear. This study investigated the bone marrow EPC response in adult mice with septic infection induced by intravenous injection (i.v.) of Escherichia coli. For in vitro experiments, sorted marrow stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) including lineage(lin)-stem cell factor receptor (c-kit)+stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)-, lin-c-kit+, and lin- cells were cultured with or without lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and recombinant murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the absence and presence of anti-Sca-1 crosslinking antibodies. In a separate set of experiments, marrow lin-c-kit+ cells from green fluorescence protein (GFP)+ mice, i.v. challenged with heat-inactivated E. coli or saline for 24 h, were subcutaneously implanted in Matrigel plugs for 5 weeks. Marrow lin-c-kit+ cells from Sca-1 knockout (KO) mice challenged with heat-inactivated E. coli for 24 h were cultured in the Matrigel medium for 8 weeks. The marrow pool of EPCs bearing the lin-c-kit+Sca-1+VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)+ (LKS VEGFR2+) and LKS CD133+VEGFR2+ surface markers expanded rapidly following septic infection, which was supported by both proliferative activation and phenotypic conversion of marrow stem/progenitor cells. Increase in marrow EPCs and their reprogramming for enhancing angiogenic activity correlated with cell-marked upregulation of Sca-1 expression. Sca-1 was coupled with Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (Rac2) in signaling the marrow EPC response. Septic infection caused a substantial increase in plasma levels of IFN-γ, VEGF, G-CSF, and SDF-1. The early increase in circulating EPCs was accompanied by their active homing and incorporation into pulmonary microvasculature. These results demonstrate that the marrow EPC response is a critical component of the host defense system. Sca-1 signaling plays a pivotal role in the regulation of EPC response in mice with septic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Kevin J. Simms
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J. Ewing
- West Clinical Laboratory, Lakeland Regional Health Medical Center, Lakeland, FL, United States
| | | | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - John N. Melvan
- Memorial Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL, United States
| | - Robert W. Siggins
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States
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Lopez-Gordo E, Chamberlain K, Riyad JM, Kohlbrenner E, Weber T. Natural Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes and Engineered Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Variants: Tropism Differences and Mechanistic Insights. Viruses 2024; 16:442. [PMID: 38543807 PMCID: PMC10975205 DOI: 10.3390/v16030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors are arguably the most promising in vivo gene delivery vehicles for durable therapeutic gene expression. Advances in molecular engineering, high-throughput screening platforms, and computational techniques have resulted in a toolbox of capsid variants with enhanced performance over parental serotypes. Despite their considerable promise and emerging clinical success, there are still obstacles hindering their broader use, including limited transduction capabilities, tissue/cell type-specific tropism and penetration into tissues through anatomical barriers, off-target tissue biodistribution, intracellular degradation, immune recognition, and a lack of translatability from preclinical models to clinical settings. Here, we first describe the transduction mechanisms of natural AAV serotypes and explore the current understanding of the systemic and cellular hurdles to efficient transduction. We then outline progress in developing designer AAV capsid variants, highlighting the seminal discoveries of variants which can transduce the central nervous system upon systemic administration, and, to a lesser extent, discuss the targeting of the peripheral nervous system, eye, ear, lung, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, emphasizing their tissue and cell specificity and translational promise. In particular, we dive deeper into the molecular mechanisms behind their enhanced properties, with a focus on their engagement with host cell receptors previously inaccessible to natural AAV serotypes. Finally, we summarize the main findings of our review and discuss future directions.
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11
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Swamynathan S, Campbell G, Sohnen P, Kaur S, St. Leger AJ, Swamynathan SK. The Secreted Ly6/uPAR-Related Protein 1 (Slurp1) Modulates Corneal Angiogenic Inflammation Via NF-κB Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:37. [PMID: 38252525 PMCID: PMC10810026 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously we demonstrated that the secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein 1 (SLURP1), abundantly expressed in the corneal epithelium (CE) and secreted into the tear fluid, serves as an antiangiogenic molecule. Here we describe the Slurp1-null (Slurp1X-/-) mouse corneal response to silver nitrate (AgNO3) cautery. Methods Five days after AgNO3 cautery, we compared the wild-type (WT) and Slurp1X-/- mouse (1) corneal neovascularization (CNV) and immune cell influx by whole-mount immunofluorescent staining for CD31 and CD45, (2) macrophage and neutrophil infiltration by flow cytometry, and (3) gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoblots were employed to evaluate the expression, phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization of NF-κB pathway components. Results Unlike the WT, the Slurp1X-/- corneas displayed denser CNV in response to AgNO3 cautery, with more infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils and greater upregulation of the transcripts encoding VEGFA, MMP2, IL-1b, and vimentin. At 2, 7, and 10 days after AgNO3 cautery, Slurp1 expression was significantly downregulated in the WT corneas. Compared with the WT, naive Slurp1X-/- CE displayed increased phosphorylation of IKK(a/b), elevated phosphorylation of IκB with decreased amounts of total IκB, and higher phosphorylation of NF-κB, suggesting that NF-κB signaling is constitutively active in naive Slurp1X-/- corneas. Conclusions Enhanced angiogenic inflammation in AgNO3 cauterized Slurp1X-/- corneas and constitutively active status of NF-κB signaling in the absence of Slurp1 suggest that Slurp1 modulates corneal angiogenic inflammation via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gregory Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peri Sohnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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12
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Li D, Xie Q, Xie J, Ni M, Wang J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Tang Q. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomics Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:261-277. [PMID: 38848183 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) exhibits a notable degree of heterogeneity as compared to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). The proteins and pathways contributing to the pathophysiology of EOAD still need to be completed and elucidated. Objective Using correlation network analysis and machine learning to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics data to identify potential biomarkers and pathways associated with EOAD. Methods We employed mass spectrometry to conduct CSF proteomic analysis using the data-independent acquisition method in a Chinese cohort of 139 CSF samples, including 40 individuals with normal cognition (CN), 61 patients with EOAD, and 38 patients with LOAD. Correlation network analysis of differentially expressed proteins was performed to identify EOAD-associated pathways. Machine learning assisted in identifying crucial proteins differentiating EOAD. We validated the results in an Western cohort and examined the proteins expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in additional 9 EOAD, 9 LOAD, and 9 CN samples from our cohort. Results We quantified 2,168 CSF proteins. Following adjustment for age and sex, EOAD exhibited a significantly greater number of differentially expressed proteins than LOAD compared to CN. Additionally, our data indicates that EOAD may exhibit more pronounced synaptic dysfunction than LOAD. Three potential biomarkers for EOAD were identified: SH3BGRL3, LRP8, and LY6 H, of which SH3BGRL3 also accurately classified EOAD in the Western cohort. LY6 H reduction was confirmed via ELISA, which was consistent with our proteomic results. Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive profile of the CSF proteome in EOAD and identifies three potential EOAD biomarker proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jikui Xie
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuru Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiqiang Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Kanwal M, Smahelova J, Ciharova B, Johari SD, Nunvar J, Olsen M, Smahel M. Aspartate β-hydroxylase Regulates Expression of Ly6 Genes. J Cancer 2024; 15:1138-1152. [PMID: 38356711 PMCID: PMC10861829 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) in human tumors contributes to their progression by stimulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Several signaling pathways affected by ASPH have been identified, but the high number of potential targets of ASPH hydroxylation suggests that additional mechanisms may be involved. This study was performed to reveal new targets of ASPH signaling. Methods: The effect of ASPH on the oncogenicity of three mouse tumor cell lines was tested using proliferation assays, transwell assays, and spheroid invasion assays after inhibition of ASPH with the small molecule inhibitor MO-I-1151. ASPH was also deactivated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A transcriptomic analysis was then performed with bulk RNA sequencing and differential gene expression was evaluated. Expression data were verified by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Results: Inhibition or abrogation of ASPH reduced proliferation of the cell lines and their migration and invasiveness. Among the genes with differential expression in more than one cell line, two members of the lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) family, Ly6a and Ly6c1, were found. Their downregulation was confirmed at the protein level by immunoblotting, which also showed their reduction after ASPH inhibition in other mouse cell lines. Reduced production of the Ly6D and Ly6K proteins was shown after ASPH inhibition in human tumor cell lines. Conclusions: Since increased expression of Ly6 genes is associated with the development and progression of both mouse and human tumors, these results suggest a novel mechanism of ASPH oncogenicity and support the utility of ASPH as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Kanwal
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Smahelova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Ciharova
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shweta Dilip Johari
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nunvar
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Mark Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy - Glendale, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Michal Smahel
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Jiang S, Ren Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Zhou S, Xiao Y. The GPIHBP1-LPL complex and its role in plasma triglyceride metabolism: Insights into chylomicronemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115874. [PMID: 37951027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
GPIHBP1 is a protein found in the endothelial cells of capillaries that is anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol and binds to high-density lipoproteins. GPIHBP1 attaches to lipoprotein lipase (LPL), subsequently carrying the enzyme and anchoring it to the capillary lumen. Enabling lipid metabolism is essential for the marginalization of lipoproteins alongside capillaries. Studies underscore the significance of GPIHBP1 in transporting, stabilizing, and aiding in the marginalization of LPL. The intricate interplay between GPIHBP1 and LPL has provided novel insights into chylomicronemia in recent years. Mutations hindering the formation or reducing the efficiency of the GPIHBP1-LPL complex are central to the onset of chylomicronemia. This review delves into the structural nuances of the GPIHBP1-LPL interaction, the consequences of mutations in the complex leading to chylomicronemia, and cutting-edge advancements in chylomicronemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Zhuoqun Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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15
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Jiang YJ, Guo NT, Xia XP, Ji Y, Huo JG. Immunotherapy strategies and traditional Chinese medicine treatment for microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i24.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have increased year by year. In addition to traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, immunotherapy also brings hope to more patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, these treatments are limited to patients with high microsatellite instability, and about 95% of mCRC patients with microsatellite stability (MSS) can not benefit from them. How to enhance the response of MSS mCRC patients to immunotherapy is the focus of current research. In recent years, it has been found that immunotherapy strategies are expected to improve the clinical efficacy for such patients, and the research reports of TCM combined with immunotherapy are increasing day by day. Therefore, this article aims to review the immunotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine treatment for MSS colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nai-Ting Guo
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue-Ping Xia
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie-Ge Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, China
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Duan J, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Liu J, Fu C, Cao C, Cong Z, Su M. Silencing LY6D Expression Inhibits Colon Cancer in Xenograft Mice and Regulates Colon Cancer Stem Cells' Proliferation, Stemness, Invasion, and Apoptosis via the MAPK Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:7776. [PMID: 38067506 PMCID: PMC10708431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role of lymphocyte antigen 6 family member D (LY6D) in colon cancer stem cells' (CCSCs) proliferation and invasion. LY6D was knocked down using siRNA, and the down-regulation of LY6D was verified using Western blotting. After LY6D knockdown, CCSCs' proliferation, stemness, and invasion were suppressed, whereas apoptosis was increased. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between siLY6D and the negative control groups were significantly enriched in the cell-substrate adherens junction, focal adhesion, and cell-substrate junction terms. Meanwhile, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the MAPK pathway. In addition, Western blotting results showed that pBRAF and pERK1/2, cascade kinases of the MAPK pathway, were significantly down-regulated after LY6D knockdown. In addition, nude mice xenograft experiments showed that the siLY6D treatment decreased tumor sizes and weights and improved tumor-bearing mice survival rates compared with the control group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that LY6D, which is highly expressed in CCSCs, is a key factor involved in tumor growth and development and might be a potential cancer marker and therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Duan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Qisen Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Jinrui Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Changhao Fu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Medical School, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Chenyu Cao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Zhongyi Cong
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.D.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (J.L.); (C.C.)
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17
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Ricker B, Mitra S, Castellanos EA, Grady CJ, Woldring D, Pelled G, Gilad AA. Proposed three-phenylalanine motif involved in magnetoreception signalling of an Actinopterygii protein expressed in mammalian cells. Open Biol 2023; 13:230019. [PMID: 37989224 PMCID: PMC10688439 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies at the cellular and molecular level of magnetoreception-sensing and responding to magnetic fields-are a relatively new research area. It appears that different mechanisms of magnetoreception in animals evolved from different origins, and, therefore, many questions about its mechanisms remain left open. Here we present new information regarding the Electromagnetic Perceptive Gene (EPG) from Kryptopterus vitreolus that may serve as part of the foundation to understanding and applying magnetoreception. Using HaloTag coupled with fluorescent ligands and phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C we show that EPG is associated with the membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. EPG's function of increasing intracellular calcium was also used to generate an assay using GCaMP6m to observe the function of EPG and to compare its function with that of homologous proteins. It was also revealed that EPG relies on a motif of three phenylalanine residues to function-stably swapping these residues using site directed mutagenesis resulted in a loss of function in EPG. This information not only expands upon our current understanding of magnetoreception but may provide a foundation and template to continue characterizing and discovering more within the emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Ricker
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sunayana Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Connor J. Grady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Woldring
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Galit Pelled
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Assaf A. Gilad
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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18
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Koludarov I, Senoner T, Jackson TNW, Dashevsky D, Heinzinger M, Aird SD, Rost B. Domain loss enabled evolution of novel functions in the snake three-finger toxin gene superfamily. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4861. [PMID: 37567881 PMCID: PMC10421932 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-finger toxins (3FTXs) are a functionally diverse family of toxins, apparently unique to venoms of caenophidian snakes. Although the ancestral function of 3FTXs is antagonism of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, redundancy conferred by the accumulation of duplicate genes has facilitated extensive neofunctionalization, such that derived members of the family interact with a range of targets. 3FTXs are members of the LY6/UPAR family, but their non-toxin ancestor remains unknown. Combining traditional phylogenetic approaches, manual synteny analysis, and machine learning techniques (including AlphaFold2 and ProtT5), we have reconstructed a detailed evolutionary history of 3FTXs. We identify their immediate ancestor as a non-secretory LY6, unique to squamate reptiles, and propose that changes in molecular ecology resulting from loss of a membrane-anchoring domain and changes in gene expression, paved the way for the evolution of one of the most important families of snake toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Koludarov
- TUM (Technical University of Munich) Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology-i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching/Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Senoner
- TUM (Technical University of Munich) Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology-i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching/Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy N W Jackson
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Dashevsky
- Australian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Heinzinger
- TUM (Technical University of Munich) Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology-i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching/Munich, Germany
| | - Steven D Aird
- 7744-23 Hotaka Ariake, 399-8301, Azumino-shi, Nagano-ken, Japan
| | - Burkhard Rost
- TUM (Technical University of Munich) Department of Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology-i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching/Munich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Lichtenbergstr. 2a, 85748, Garching/Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Alte Akademie 8, Freising, Germany
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Noda T, Taira A, Shinohara H, Araki K. The testis-, epididymis-, or seminal vesicle-enriched genes Aldoart2, Serpina16, Aoc1l3, and Pate14 are not essential for male fertility in mice. Exp Anim 2023; 72:314-323. [PMID: 36709994 PMCID: PMC10435352 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa released from the testis acquire fertilizing ability by translocating thorough the epididymis. Further, accessory gland secretions ejaculated into the female reproductive tract along with spermatozoa are also required to ensure male fecundity, such as the maintenance of proper sperm count and inhibition of premature sperm capacitation in the uterus. Here, we focus on a testis-enriched gene "Aldoart2", an epididymis-enriched gene "Serpina16", and seminal vesicle-enriched genes "Aoc1l3" and "Pate14" which were thought to be important for male fertility based on the previous studies. We independently deleted almost the entire protein-coding sequence of these genes in mice using CRISPR/Cas9. There were no overt defects in the histology and the sperm morphology and motility of any knockout (KO) mice. Further, Aoc1l3 and Pate14 KO males were able to form copulatory plugs. Finally, female mice that mated with these KO males delivered pups at a comparable level with the control males. Given our data, we demonstrated that the four genes predominantly expressed in the testis, epididymis, or seminal vesicle are independently dispensable for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Noda
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taira
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hina Shinohara
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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20
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Palumbo TB, Miwa JM. Lynx1 and the family of endogenous mammalian neurotoxin-like proteins and their roles in modulating nAChR function. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106845. [PMID: 37437646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The promise of nicotinic receptors as a therapeutic target has yet to be fully realized, despite solid data supporting their involvement in neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. The reasons for this are likely complex and manifold, having to do with the widespread action of the cholinergic system and the biophysical mechanism of action of nicotinic receptors leading to fast desensitization and down-regulation. Conventional drug development strategies tend to focus on receptor subtype-specific action of candidate therapeutics, although the broad agonist, nicotine, is being explored in the clinic. The potential negative effects of nicotine make the search for alternate strategies warranted. Prototoxins are a promising yet little-explored avenue of nicotinic receptor drug development. Nicotinic receptors in the brain belong to a complex of proteins, including those that bind to the extracellular face of the receptor, as well as chaperones that bind the intracellular domain, etc. Lynx prototoxins have allosteric modularity effects on receptor function and number and have been implicated in complex in vivo processes such as neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Their mechanism of action and binding specificity on sets of nAChR subtypes present intriguing possibilities for more efficacious and nuanced therapeutic targeting than nicotinic receptor subtypes alone. An allosteric drug may restrict its actions to physiologically relevant time points, which tend to be correlated with salient events which would be encoded into long-term memory storage. Rather than blanketing the brain with a steady and prolonged elevation of agonist, an allosteric nAChR compound could avoid side effects and loss of efficacy over time. This review details the potential strengths and challenges of prototoxin proteins as therapeutic targets, and some of the utility of such therapeutics based on the emerging understanding of cholinergic signaling in a growing number of complex neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talulla B Palumbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
| | - Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, 111 Research Dr., Iacocca Hall, B-217, Bethlehem PA, USA.
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Huang Q, Chen AT, Chan KY, Sorensen H, Barry AJ, Azari B, Zheng Q, Beddow T, Zhao B, Tobey IG, Moncada-Reid C, Eid FE, Walkey CJ, Ljungberg MC, Lagor WR, Heaney JD, Chan YA, Deverman BE. Targeting AAV vectors to the central nervous system by engineering capsid-receptor interactions that enable crossing of the blood-brain barrier. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002112. [PMID: 37467291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have evolved the ability to bind and enter cells through interactions with a wide variety of cell macromolecules. We engineered peptide-modified adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids that transduce the brain through the introduction of de novo interactions with 2 proteins expressed on the mouse blood-brain barrier (BBB), LY6A or LY6C1. The in vivo tropisms of these capsids are predictable as they are dependent on the cell- and strain-specific expression of their target protein. This approach generated hundreds of capsids with dramatically enhanced central nervous system (CNS) tropisms within a single round of screening in vitro and secondary validation in vivo thereby reducing the use of animals in comparison to conventional multi-round in vivo selections. The reproducible and quantitative data derived via this method enabled both saturation mutagenesis and machine learning (ML)-guided exploration of the capsid sequence space. Notably, during our validation process, we determined that nearly all published AAV capsids that were selected for their ability to cross the BBB in mice leverage either the LY6A or LY6C1 protein, which are not present in primates. This work demonstrates that AAV capsids can be directly targeted to specific proteins to generate potent gene delivery vectors with known mechanisms of action and predictable tropisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Albert T Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ken Y Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hikari Sorensen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Barry
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bahar Azari
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas Beddow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Binhui Zhao
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Isabelle G Tobey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Moncada-Reid
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Fatma-Elzahraa Eid
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - M Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yujia A Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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22
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Martino RA, Wang Q, Xu H, Hu G, Bell P, Arroyo EJ, Sims JJ, Wilson JM. Vector Affinity and Receptor Distribution Define Tissue-Specific Targeting in an Engineered AAV Capsid. J Virol 2023; 97:e0017423. [PMID: 37199615 PMCID: PMC10308920 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00174-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Unbiased in vivo selections of diverse capsid libraries can yield engineered capsids that overcome gene therapy delivery challenges like traversing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but little is known about the parameters of capsid-receptor interactions that govern their improved activity. This hampers broader efforts in precision capsid engineering and is a practical impediment to ensuring the translatability of capsid properties between preclinical animal models and human clinical trials. In this work, we utilize the adeno-associated virus (AAV)-PHP.B-Ly6a model system to better understand the targeted delivery and BBB penetration properties of AAV vectors. This model offers a defined capsid-receptor pair that can be used to systematically define relationships between target receptor affinity and in vivo activity of engineered AAV vectors. Here, we report a high-throughput method for quantifying capsid-receptor affinity and demonstrate that direct binding assays can be used to organize a vector library into families with varied affinity for their target receptor. Our data indicate that efficient central nervous system transduction requires high levels of target receptor expression at the BBB, but it is not a requirement for receptor expression to be limited to the target tissue. We observed that enhanced receptor affinity leads to reduced transduction of off-target tissues but can negatively impact on-target cellular transduction and penetration of endothelial barriers. Together, this work provides a set of tools for defining vector-receptor affinities and demonstrates how receptor expression and affinity interact to impact the performance of engineered AAV vectors in targeting the central nervous system. IMPORTANCE Novel methods for measuring adeno-associated virus (AAV)-receptor affinities, especially in relation to vector performance in vivo, would be useful to capsid engineers as they develop AAV vectors for gene therapy applications and characterize their interactions with native or engineered receptors. Here, we use the AAV-PHP.B-Ly6a model system to assess the impact of receptor affinity on the systemic delivery and endothelial penetration properties of AAV-PHP.B vectors. We discuss how receptor affinity analysis can be used to isolate vectors with optimized properties, improve the interpretation of library selections, and ultimately translate vector activities between preclinical animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Alexander Martino
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gui Hu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edgardo J. Arroyo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua J. Sims
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Kumar N, Deepthi KN, Padugupati S, Ghose S, Narang R. Seminal plasma testis expressed sequence (TEX)-101 as a biomarker for the qualitative assessment of male factor infertility: A case-control study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 287:221-226. [PMID: 37390755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to assess the role of seminal plasma Testis Expressed Sequence (TEX)-101 as a biomarker of male infertility. STUDY DESIGN The study was conducted on 180 men (20-50 years) with 90 having abnormal semen reports as cases and 90 with normal reports as controls in a rural tertiary care center in Southern India over two years. After the enrolment of cases and control, semen samples were cryopreserved till the desired sample size was achieved and a biochemical test for TEX-101 was run using Human Testis-expressed Protein 101 ELISA Kit. The results of TEX-101 were compared between cases and controls and correlated with various semen parameters. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 22.0, a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of all participants was 29.94 ± 4.91 years. Of 90 cases, 48.9% had asthenospermia, 24.4% oligoasthenospermia, 15.6% oligospermia, 11.1% azoospermia. A statistically significant difference was observed in mean values of seminal plasma TEX-101 between cases (1.45 ± 0.08 ng/mL) and controls (2.26 ± 0.18 ng/mL), p = 0.001. A significant correlation (p = 0.001) was found between seminal TEX-101, semen volume, sperm concentration, progressive motility, and morphology. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of TEX-101 between cases and controls was 1.00 (p = 0.001), indicating TEX-101 as a potential biomarker for distinguishing men with abnormal semen parameters from those with normal semen parameters. At a cut-off value of 1.84 ng/mL, seminal plasma TEX-101 had a sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 100% for male infertility prediction. CONCLUSION Seminal TEX-101 is a potential seminal biomarker and can be used in the qualitative assessment of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar-508126, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - K N Deepthi
- Department of Pathology, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Mahabubnagar 509001, Telangana, India
| | - Suhasini Padugupati
- Department of Biochemistry, SVS Medical College, Yenugonda, Mahabubnagar 509002, Telangana, India
| | - Seetesh Ghose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry 607402, India.
| | - Rahul Narang
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, 508126 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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24
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Lee EY, Choi W, Burkholder AB, Perera L, Mack JA, Miller FW, Fessler MB, Cook DN, Karmaus PWF, Nakano H, Garantziotis S, Madenspacher JH, House JS, Akhtari FS, Schmitt CS, Fargo DC, Hall JE, Motsinger-Reif AA. Race/ethnicity-stratified fine-mapping of the MHC locus reveals genetic variants associated with late-onset asthma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1173676. [PMID: 37415598 PMCID: PMC10321602 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that impairs normal breathing. The etiology of asthma is complex and involves multiple factors, including the environment and genetics, especially the distinct genetic architecture associated with ancestry. Compared to early-onset asthma, little is known about genetic predisposition to late-onset asthma. We investigated the race/ethnicity-specific relationship among genetic variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region and late-onset asthma in a North Carolina-based multiracial cohort of adults. Methods: We stratified all analyses by self-reported race (i.e., White and Black) and adjusted all regression models for age, sex, and ancestry. We conducted association tests within the MHC region and performed fine-mapping analyses conditioned on the race/ethnicity-specific lead variant using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. We applied computational methods to infer human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and residues at amino acid positions. We replicated findings in the UK Biobank. Results: The lead signals, rs9265901 on the 5' end of HLA-B, rs55888430 on HLA-DOB, and rs117953947 on HCG17, were significantly associated with late-onset asthma in all, White, and Black participants, respectively (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.31 to 2.14, p = 3.62 × 10-5; OR = 3.05, 95%CI: 1.86 to 4.98, p = 8.85 × 10-6; OR = 19.5, 95%CI: 4.37 to 87.2, p = 9.97 × 10-5, respectively). For the HLA analysis, HLA-B*40:02 and HLA-DRB1*04:05, HLA-B*40:02, HLA-C*04:01, and HLA-DRB1*04:05, and HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DQB1 were significantly associated with late-onset asthma in all, White, and Black participants. Conclusion: Multiple genetic variants within the MHC region were significantly associated with late-onset asthma, and the associations were significantly different by race/ethnicity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Y. Lee
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Wonson Choi
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Adam B. Burkholder
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genomic Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jasmine A. Mack
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick W. Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donald N. Cook
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
- Immunogenetics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Peer W. F. Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer H. Madenspacher
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John S. House
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Farida S. Akhtari
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Charles S. Schmitt
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - David C. Fargo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Janet E. Hall
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alison A. Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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25
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Gert KRB, Panser K, Surm J, Steinmetz BS, Schleiffer A, Jovine L, Moran Y, Kondrashov F, Pauli A. Divergent molecular signatures in fish Bouncer proteins define cross-fertilization boundaries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3506. [PMID: 37316475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular compatibility between gametes is a prerequisite for successful fertilization. As long as a sperm and egg can recognize and bind each other via their surface proteins, gamete fusion may occur even between members of separate species, resulting in hybrids that can impact speciation. The egg membrane protein Bouncer confers species specificity to gamete interactions between medaka and zebrafish, preventing their cross-fertilization. Here, we leverage this specificity to uncover distinct amino acid residues and N-glycosylation patterns that differentially influence the function of medaka and zebrafish Bouncer and contribute to cross-species incompatibility. Curiously, in contrast to the specificity observed for medaka and zebrafish Bouncer, seahorse and fugu Bouncer are compatible with both zebrafish and medaka sperm, in line with the pervasive purifying selection that dominates Bouncer's evolution. The Bouncer-sperm interaction is therefore the product of seemingly opposing evolutionary forces that, for some species, restrict fertilization to closely related fish, and for others, allow broad gamete compatibility that enables hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista R B Gert
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Panser
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Surm
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin S Steinmetz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schleiffer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Jovine
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yehu Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fyodor Kondrashov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Evolutionary and Synthetic Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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26
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Li K, Tsukasa Y, Kurio M, Maeta K, Tsumadori A, Baba S, Nishimura R, Murakami A, Onodera K, Morimoto T, Uemura T, Usui T. Belly roll, a GPI-anchored Ly6 protein, regulates Drosophila melanogaster escape behaviors by modulating the excitability of nociceptive peptidergic interneurons. eLife 2023; 12:83856. [PMID: 37309249 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate modulation of escape behaviors in response to potentially damaging stimuli is essential for survival. Although nociceptive circuitry has been studied, it is poorly understood how genetic contexts affect relevant escape responses. Using an unbiased genome-wide association analysis, we identified an Ly6/α-neurotoxin family protein, Belly roll (Bero), which negatively regulates Drosophila nociceptive escape behavior. We show that Bero is expressed in abdominal leucokinin-producing neurons (ABLK neurons) and bero knockdown in ABLK neurons resulted in enhanced escape behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ABLK neurons responded to activation of nociceptors and initiated the behavior. Notably, bero knockdown reduced persistent neuronal activity and increased evoked nociceptive responses in ABLK neurons. Our findings reveal that Bero modulates an escape response by regulating distinct neuronal activities in ABLK neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Tsukasa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misato Kurio
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kaho Maeta
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shumpei Baba
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Nishimura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koun Onodera
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takako Morimoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Usui
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Liu D, Xu C, Liu Y, Ouyang W, Lin S, Xu A, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Huang Q, Zhao W, Chen Z, Wang L, Chen S, Huang J, Wu ZB, Sun X. A systematic survey of LU domain-containing proteins reveals a novel human gene, LY6A, which encodes the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 and is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors. Front Med 2023; 17:458-475. [PMID: 36928550 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The Ly-6 and uPAR (LU) domain-containing proteins represent a large family of cell-surface markers. In particular, mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 is a widely used marker for various stem cells; however, its human ortholog is missing. In this study, based on a systematic survey and comparative genomic study of mouse and human LU domain-containing proteins, we identified a previously unannotated human gene encoding the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. This gene, hereby named LY6A, reversely overlaps with a lncRNA gene in the majority of exonic sequences. We found that LY6A is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors, but not in normal pituitary tissues, and may contribute to tumorigenesis. Similar to mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1, human LY6A is also upregulated by interferon, suggesting a conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanism between humans and mice. We cloned the full-length LY6A cDNA, whose encoded protein sequence, domain architecture, and exon-intron structures are all well conserved with mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. Ectopic expression of the LY6A protein in cells demonstrates that it acts the same as mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 in their processing and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the cell membrane. Collectively, these studies unveil a novel human gene encoding a candidate biomarker and provide an interesting model gene for studying gene regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shaojian Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Aining Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuanliang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiuhua Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Saijuan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Biomedical Big Data Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Xiaojian Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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28
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Rathbun LA, Magliocco AM, Bamezai AK. Human LY6 gene family: potential tumor-associated antigens and biomarkers of prognosis in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Oncotarget 2023; 14:426-437. [PMID: 37141412 PMCID: PMC10159366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Lymphocyte antigen-6 (LY6) gene family has recently gained interest for its possible role in tumor progression. We have carried out in silico analyses of all known LY6 gene expression and amplification in different cancers using TNMplot and cBioportal. We also have analyzed patient survival by Kaplan-Meier plotter after mining the TCGA database. We report that upregulated expression of many LY6 genes is associated with poor survival in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) cancer patients. Importantly, the expression of several LY6 genes is elevated in UCEC when compared to the expression in normal uterine tissue. For example, LY6K expression is 8.25× higher in UCEC compared to normal uterine tissue, and this high expression is associated with poor survival with a hazard ratio of 2.42 (p-value = 0.0032). Therefore, some LY6 gene products may serve as tumor-associated antigens in UCEC, biomarkers for UCEC detection, and possibly targets for directing UCEC patient therapy. Further analysis of tumor-specific expression of LY6 gene family members and LY6-triggered signaling pathways is needed to uncover the function of LY6 proteins and their ability to endow tumor survival and poor prognosis in UCEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Rathbun
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | | | - Anil K Bamezai
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Fu Y, Miyazaki K, Chiba Y, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Mizuta K, Kawahara J, Zhang L, Martin D, Iwamoto T, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, Yoshizaki K. Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104638. [PMID: 36963497 PMCID: PMC10130355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), and receptors. These lipid raft components are localized at the plasma membrane and are essential for signal transmission and organogenesis. However, few reports have been published on the specific effects of lipid rafts on tooth development. Using microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing methods, we found that a GPI-AP, lymphocyte antigen-6/Plaur domain-containing 1 (Lypd1), was specifically expressed in preodontoblasts. Depletion of Lypd1 in tooth germ using an ex vivo organ culture system and in mouse dental pulp (mDP) cells resulted in the inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by BMP2 treatment in mDP cells promoted odontoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, while this BMP2-mediated odontoblast differentiation was inhibited by depletion of Lypd1. Furthermore, we created a deletion construct of the C terminus containing the omega site in LYPD1; this site is necessary for localizing GPI-APs to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. We identified that this site is essential for odontoblast differentiation and morphological change of mDP cells. These findings demonstrated that LYPD1 is a novel marker of preodontoblasts in the developing tooth; in addition, they suggest that LYPD1 is important for tooth development and that it plays a pivotal role in odontoblast differentiation by regulating Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation through its effect as a GPI-AP in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Funada
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mizuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawahara
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ling Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Ivanova T, Churnosova M, Abramova M, Plotnikov D, Ponomarenko I, Reshetnikov E, Aristova I, Sorokina I, Churnosov M. Sex-Specific Features of the Correlation between GWAS-Noticeable Polymorphisms and Hypertension in Europeans of Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097799. [PMID: 37175507 PMCID: PMC10178435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was directed at studying the sex-specific features of the correlation between genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-noticeable polymorphisms and hypertension (HTN). In two groups of European subjects of Russia (n = 1405 in total), such as men (n = 821 in total: n = 564 HTN, n = 257 control) and women (n = 584 in total: n = 375 HTN, n = 209 control), the distribution of ten specially selected polymorphisms (they have confirmed associations of GWAS level with blood pressure (BP) parameters and/or HTN in Europeans) has been considered. The list of studied loci was as follows: (PLCE1) rs932764 A > G, (AC026703.1) rs1173771 G > A, (CERS5) rs7302981 G > A, (HFE) rs1799945 C > G, (OBFC1) rs4387287 C > A, (BAG6) rs805303 G > A, (RGL3) rs167479 T > G, (ARHGAP42) rs633185 C > G, (TBX2) rs8068318 T > C, and (ATP2B1) rs2681472 A > G. The contribution of individual loci and their inter-locus interactions to the HTN susceptibility with bioinformatic interpretation of associative links was evaluated separately in men's and women's cohorts. The men-women differences in involvement in the disease of the BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs were detected. Among women, the HTN risk has been associated with HFE rs1799945 C > G (genotype GG was risky; ORGG = 11.15 ppermGG = 0.014) and inter-locus interactions of all 10 examined SNPs as part of 26 intergenic interactions models. In men, the polymorphism BAG6 rs805303 G > A (genotype AA was protective; ORAA = 0.30 ppermAA = 0.0008) and inter-SNPs interactions of eight loci in only seven models have been founded as HTN-correlated. HTN-linked loci and strongly linked SNPs were characterized by pronounced polyvector functionality in both men and women, but at the same time, signaling pathways of HTN-linked genes/SNPs in women and men were similar and were represented mainly by immune mechanisms. As a result, the present study has demonstrated a more pronounced contribution of BP/HTN-associated GWAS SNPs to the HTN susceptibility (due to weightier intergenic interactions) in European women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Abramova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Denis Plotnikov
- Genetic Epidemiology Lab, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Aristova
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Inna Sorokina
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State National Research University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
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Selvanesan BC, Varghese S, Andrys-Olek J, Arriaza RH, Prakash R, Tiwari PB, Hupalo D, Gusev Y, Patel MN, Contente S, Sanda M, Uren A, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Shimizu LS, Chruszcz M, Borowski T, Upadhyay G. Lymphocyte antigen 6K signaling to aurora kinase promotes advancement of the cell cycle and the growth of cancer cells, which is inhibited by LY6K-NSC243928 interaction. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216094. [PMID: 36805500 PMCID: PMC10044439 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte antigen 6K (LY6K) is a small GPI-linked protein that is normally expressed in testes. Increased expression of LY6K is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes in many solid cancers, including cancers of the breast, ovary, gastrointestinal tract, head and neck, brain, bladder, and lung. LY6K is required for ERK-AKT and TGF-β pathways in cancer cells and is required for in vivo tumor growth. In this report, we describe a novel role for LY6K in mitosis and cytokinesis through aurora B kinase and its substrate histone H3 signaling axis. Further, we describe the structural basis of the molecular interaction of small molecule NSC243928 with LY6K protein and the disruption of LY6K-aurora B signaling in cell cycle progression due to LY6K-NSC243928 interaction. Overall, disruption of LY6K function via NSC243928 led to failed cytokinesis, multinucleated cells, DNA damage, senescence, and apoptosis of cancer cells. LY6K is not required for vital organ function, thus inhibition of LY6K signaling is an ideal therapeutic approach for hard-to-treat cancers that lack targeted therapy such as triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Chellakkan Selvanesan
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheelu Varghese
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justyna Andrys-Olek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Rahul Prakash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Daniel Hupalo
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megha Nitin Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Sara Contente
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miloslav Sanda
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse, 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Aykut Uren
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton Lee Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Tomasz Borowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Geeta Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; John P. Murtha Cancer Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Lin CY, Yu HP, Chang YT, Lin ZC, Alalaiwe A, Hwang TL, Fang JY. Targeting anti-inflammatory immunonanocarriers to human and murine neutrophils via the Ly6 antigen for psoriasiform dermatitis alleviation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:873-893. [PMID: 36515218 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a refractory and difficult-to-treat skin disorder. The neutrophil-targeting approach represents a promising option for psoriasis therapy. This study developed and examined NIMP-R14-conjugated immunonanoparticles for specific targeting to neutrophils associated with psoriasiform dermatitis. In the process, roflumilast (RFL), as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitor, was encapsulated in the nanocarriers to assess the anti-inflammatory capability against primary neutrophil activation and murine psoriasiform lesion. The average size and surface charge of the immunonanocarriers were 305 ± 36 nm and -18 ± 6 mV, respectively. The monovalent antibody-conjugated nanoparticles offered precise uptake by both human and mouse neutrophils but failed to exhibit this effect in monocytes and lymphocytes. The intracellular RFL concentration of the immunonanocarriers was five-fold superior to that of the passive counterparts. The immunonanocarriers specifically recognized the neutrophils through the Ly6 antigen with no apparent cytotoxicity. The antibody-conjugated nanoparticles mitigated superoxide anion production and migration of the activated human neutrophils. The in vivo biodistribution in the psoriasiform mice, found using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and liquid chromatography (LC)-mass-mass analysis, showed that the antibody conjugation increased the nanoparticle residence in systemic circulation after intravenous administration. On the other hand, most of the nanoparticles were accumulated in the lesional skin after subcutaneous injection. The actively-targeted nanocarriers were better than the free RFL and unfunctionalized nanoparticles in suppressing psoriasiform inflammation. The immunonanocarriers reduced neutrophil recruitment and epidermal hyperplasia in the plaque. Intravenous and subcutaneous treatments with the immunonanocarriers significantly reduced the overexpressed cytokines and chemokines in the inflamed skin, demonstrating that the nanosystems could both systematically and locally alleviate inflammation. The results indicated that the NIMP-R14-conjugated RFL-loaded nanoparticles have potential as an anti-autoimmune disease delivery system for neutrophil targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Orientational Preferences of GPI-Anchored Ly6/uPAR Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010011. [PMID: 36613456 PMCID: PMC9819746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly6/uPAR proteins regulate many essential functions in the nervous and immune systems and epithelium. Most of these proteins contain single β-structural LU domains with three protruding loops and are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored to a membrane. The GPI-anchor role is currently poorly studied. Here, we investigated the positional and orientational preferences of six GPI-anchored proteins in the receptor-unbound state by molecular dynamics simulations. Regardless of the linker length between the LU domain and GPI-anchor, the proteins interacted with the membrane by polypeptide parts and N-/O-glycans. Lynx1, Lynx2, Lypd6B, and Ly6H contacted the membrane by the loop regions responsible for interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, while Lypd6 and CD59 demonstrated unique orientations with accessible receptor-binding sites. Thus, GPI-anchoring does not guarantee an optimal 'pre-orientation' of the LU domain for the receptor interaction.
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GluR2Q and GluR2R AMPA Subunits are not Targets of lypd2 Interaction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278278. [PMID: 36441793 PMCID: PMC9704558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A large family of prototoxin-like molecules endogenous to mammals, Ly6 proteins have been implicated in the regulation of cell signaling processes across multiple species. Previous work has shown that certain members of the Ly6 family are expressed in the brain and target nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and potassium channel function. Structural similarities between Ly6 proteins and alpha-neurotoxins suggest the possibility of additional ionotropic receptor targets. Here, we investigated the possibility of lypd2 as a novel regulator of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) function. In particular, we focused on potential interactions with the Q/R isoforms of the GluR2 subunit, which have profound impacts on AMPAR permeability to calcium during neuronal stimulation. We find that although lypd2 and GluR2 share overlapping expression patterns in the mouse hippocampus, there was no interaction between lypd2 and either GluR2Q or GluR2R isoform. These results underscore the importance of continuing to investigate novel targets for Ly6 interaction and regulation.
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Churnosov M, Abramova M, Reshetnikov E, Lyashenko IV, Efremova O, Churnosova M, Ponomarenko I. Polymorphisms of hypertension susceptibility genes as a risk factors of preeclampsia in the Caucasian population of central Russia. Placenta 2022; 129:51-61. [PMID: 36219912 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study was designed to assess the effects of hypertension (HT) susceptibility genes polymorphisms in the development of preeclampsia (PE) in Caucasians from Central Russia. METHODS PE patients (n = 452) and women control group (n = 498) were genotyped for 10 polymorphisms of HT/blood pressure (BP) susceptibility genes (according to the previously published GWAS in Caucasian populations) including AC026703.1 (rs1173771), HFE (rs1799945), BAG6 (rs805303), PLCE1 (rs932764), OBFC1 (rs4387287), ARHGAP42 (rs633185), CERS5 (rs7302981), ATP2B1 (rs2681472), TBX2 (rs8068318) and RGL3 (rs167479). A logistic regression method was applied to search for associations between SNPs and PE. The relationship between SNP-SNP interactions and PE risk was analyzed by performing MB-MDR. RESULTS The rs1799945 gene in HFE significantly independently increased the risk of developing PE (OR = 2.24) and rs805303 in BAG6 was associated with a reduced risk in the occurrence of PE (OR = 0.55-0.78). Among the 10 SNPs examined, nine SNPs were associated with PEs within the 10 most significant SNP-SNP interaction models. Loci rs7302981 CERS5, rs805303 BAG6 and rs932764 PLCE1 contributed to the largest number of epistatic models (50% or more). DISCUSSION The present study is the first to report an association between polymorphisms of HT/BP susceptibility genes important for GWAS and the risk of PE in Caucasians from Central Russia. Our pathway-based functional annotation of the PE risk variants highlights the potential regulatory function (epigenetic/eQTL/sQTL/non-synonymous) that nine genetic risk markers and their 115 highly correlated variants exert on 155 genes. The study shows that these genes may function cooperatively in key signaling pathways in PE biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Churnosov
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia.
| | - Maria Abramova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Igor V Lyashenko
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of English Philology and Cross-cultural Communication, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Olesya Efremova
- Kharkiv National Medical University, Department of Medical Genetics, Kharkov, Ukraine; Grishchenko Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Maria Churnosova
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Belgorod State National Research University, Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod, Russia
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Bergasa NV. Research in the pruritus of cholestasis: Genetics, behavioral studies, and physiomimetic interorgan models. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Paramonov AS, Shulepko MA, Makhonin AM, Bychkov ML, Kulbatskii DS, Chernikov AM, Myshkin MY, Shabelnikov SV, Shenkarev ZO, Kirpichnikov MP, Lyukmanova EN. New Three-Finger Protein from Starfish Asteria rubens Shares Structure and Pharmacology with Human Brain Neuromodulator Lynx2. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080503. [PMID: 36005506 PMCID: PMC9410279 DOI: 10.3390/md20080503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-finger proteins (TFPs) are small proteins with characteristic three-finger β-structural fold stabilized by the system of conserved disulfide bonds. These proteins have been found in organisms from different taxonomic groups and perform various important regulatory functions or act as components of snake venoms. Recently, four TFPs (Lystars 1–4) with unknown function were identified in the coelomic fluid proteome of starfish A. rubens. Here we analyzed the genomes of A. rubens and A. planci starfishes and predicted additional five and six proteins containing three-finger domains, respectively. One of them, named Lystar5, is expressed in A. rubens coelomocytes and has sequence homology to the human brain neuromodulator Lynx2. The three-finger structure of Lystar5 close to the structure of Lynx2 was confirmed by NMR. Similar to Lynx2, Lystar5 negatively modulated α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed in X. laevis oocytes. Incubation with Lystar5 decreased the expression of acetylcholine esterase and α4 and α7 nAChR subunits in the hippocampal neurons. In summary, for the first time we reported modulator of the cholinergic system in starfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Paramonov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail A. Shulepko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Alexey M. Makhonin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- AI Centre, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya Str. 20, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim L. Bychkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Andrey M. Chernikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Myshkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Sergey V. Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Prospect 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskiy Per. 9, 141701 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str. 16/10, 119997 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.P.); (M.A.S.); (A.M.M.); (M.L.B.); (D.S.K.); (A.M.C.); (M.Y.M.); (Z.O.S.); (M.P.K.)
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology”, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Institutskiy Per. 9, 141701 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Brewitz L, Onisko BC, Schofield CJ. Combined proteomic and biochemical analyses redefine the consensus sequence requirement for epidermal growth factor-like domain hydroxylation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102129. [PMID: 35700824 PMCID: PMC9293771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor-like domains (EGFDs) have important functions in cell-cell signaling. Both secreted and cell surface human EGFDs are subject to extensive modifications, including aspartate and asparagine residue C3-hydroxylations catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase aspartate/asparagine-β-hydroxylase (AspH). Although genetic studies show AspH is important in human biology, studies on its physiological roles have been limited by incomplete knowledge of its substrates. Here, we redefine the consensus sequence requirements for AspH-catalyzed EGFD hydroxylation based on combined analysis of proteomic mass spectrometric data and mass spectrometry-based assays with isolated AspH and peptide substrates. We provide cellular and biochemical evidence that the preferred site of EGFD hydroxylation is embedded within a disulfide-bridged macrocycle formed of 10 amino acid residues. This definition enabled the identification of previously unassigned hydroxylation sites in three EGFDs of human fibulins as AspH substrates. A non-EGFD containing protein, lymphocyte antigen-6/plasminogen activator urokinase receptor domain containing protein 6B (LYPD6B) was shown to be a substrate for isolated AspH, but we did not observe evidence for LYPD6B hydroxylation in cells. AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation of fibulins is of particular interest given their important roles in extracellular matrix dynamics. In conclusion, these results lead to a revision of the consensus substrate requirements for AspH and expand the range of observed and potential AspH-catalyzed hydroxylation in cells, which will enable future study of the biological roles of AspH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Brewitz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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39
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Speculation on How RIC-3 and Other Chaperones Facilitate α7 Nicotinic Receptor Folding and Assembly. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144527. [PMID: 35889400 PMCID: PMC9318448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The process of how multimeric transmembrane proteins fold and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum is not well understood. The alpha7 nicotinic receptor (α7 nAChR) is a good model for multimeric protein assembly since it has at least two independent and specialized chaperones: Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinesterase 3 (RIC-3) and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Regulator (NACHO). Recent cryo-EM and NMR data revealed structural features of α7 nAChRs. A ser-ala-pro (SAP) motif precedes a structurally important but unique "latch" helix in α7 nAChRs. A sampling of α7 sequences suggests the SAP motif is conserved from C. elegans to humans, but the latch sequence is only conserved in vertebrates. How RIC-3 and NACHO facilitate receptor subunits folding into their final pentameric configuration is not known. The artificial intelligence program AlphaFold2 recently predicted structures for NACHO and RIC-3. NACHO is highly conserved in sequence and structure across species, but RIC-3 is not. This review ponders how different intrinsically disordered RIC-3 isoforms from C. elegans to humans interact with α7 nAChR subunits despite having little sequence homology across RIC-3 species. Two models from the literature about how RIC-3 assists α7 nAChR assembly are evaluated considering recent structural information about the receptor and its chaperones.
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40
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Becker J, Fakhiri J, Grimm D. Fantastic AAV Gene Therapy Vectors and How to Find Them—Random Diversification, Rational Design and Machine Learning. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070756. [PMID: 35890005 PMCID: PMC9318892 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a diverse family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses that infect a wide variety of species, tissues and cell types. For over half a century, their intriguing biology and pathophysiology has fueled intensive research aimed at dissecting the underlying viral and cellular mechanisms. Concurrently, their broad host specificity (tropism) has motivated efforts to develop parvoviruses as gene delivery vectors for human cancer or gene therapy applications. While the sum of preclinical and clinical data consistently demonstrates the great potential of these vectors, these findings also illustrate the importance of enhancing and restricting in vivo transgene expression in desired cell types. To this end, major progress has been made especially with vectors based on Adeno-associated virus (AAV), whose capsid is highly amenable to bioengineering, repurposing and expansion of its natural tropism. Here, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches to create new AAV variants with higher specificity and efficiency of gene transfer in on-target cells. We first review traditional and novel directed evolution approaches, including high-throughput screening of AAV capsid libraries. Next, we discuss programmable receptor-mediated targeting with a focus on two recent technologies that utilize high-affinity binders. Finally, we highlight one of the latest stratagems for rational AAV vector characterization and optimization, namely, machine learning, which promises to facilitate and accelerate the identification of next-generation, safe and precise gene delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Becker
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), BioQuant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Fakhiri
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (D.G.); Tel.: +49-174-3486203 (J.F.); +49-6221-5451331 (D.G.)
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Center for Integrative Infectious Diseases Research (CIID), BioQuant, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (D.G.); Tel.: +49-174-3486203 (J.F.); +49-6221-5451331 (D.G.)
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41
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Burton J, Wojewodzic MW, Rounge TB, Haugen TB. A Role of the TEX101 Interactome in the Common Aetiology Behind Male Subfertility and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892043. [PMID: 35774118 PMCID: PMC9237224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who develop testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are at higher risk to be subfertile than the general population. The conditions are believed to originate during foetal life, however, the mechanisms behind a common aetiology of TGCT and male subfertility remains unknown. Testis-expressed 101 (TEX101) is a glycoprotein that is related to male fertility, and downregulation of the TEX101 gene was shown in pre-diagnostic TGCT patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TEX101 and its interactome related to fertility and TGCT development. We searched literature and compilation of data from curated databases. There are studies from both human and animals showing that disruption of TEX101 result in abnormal semen parameters and sperm function. Members of the TEX101 interactome, like SPATA19, Ly6k, PICK1, and ODF genes are important for normal sperm function. We found only two studies of TEX101 related to TGCT, however, several genes in its interactome may be associated with TGCT development, such as PLAUR, PRSS21, CD109, and ALP1. Some of the interactome members are related to both fertility and cancer. Of special interest is the presence of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins TEX101 and PRSS21 in basophils that may be coupled to the immune response preventing further development of TGCT precursor cells. The findings of this review indicate that members of the TEX101 interactome could be a part of the link between TGCT and male subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Burton
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet − Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marcin W. Wojewodzic
- Department of Environmental and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Trine B. Haugen, ; Trine B. Rounge,
| | - Trine B. Haugen
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, OsloMet − Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Trine B. Haugen, ; Trine B. Rounge,
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Kuwayama R, Suzuki K, Nakamura J, Aizawa E, Yoshioka Y, Ikawa M, Nabatame S, Inoue KI, Shimmyo Y, Ozono K, Kinoshita T, Murakami Y. Establishment of mouse model of inherited PIGO deficiency and therapeutic potential of AAV-based gene therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3107. [PMID: 35661110 PMCID: PMC9166810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) deficiency (IGD) is caused by mutations in GPI biosynthesis genes. The mechanisms of its systemic, especially neurological, symptoms are not clarified and fundamental therapy has not been established. Here, we report establishment of mouse models of IGD caused by PIGO mutations as well as development of effective gene therapy. As the clinical manifestations of IGD are systemic and lifelong lasting, we treated the mice with adeno-associated virus for homology-independent knock-in as well as extra-chromosomal expression of Pigo cDNA. Significant amelioration of neuronal phenotypes and growth defect was achieved, opening a new avenue for curing IGDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Kuwayama
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Nabatame
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Neuroscience, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taroh Kinoshita
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Immunoglycobiology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Murakami
- Yabumoto Department of Intractable disease research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Wang P, Sun LL, Clark R, Hristopoulos M, Chiu CP, Dillon M, Lin W, Lo AA, Chalsani S, Das Thakur M, Zimmerman Savill KM, Rougé L, Lupardus P, Piskol R, Husain B, Ellerman D, Shivva V, Leong SR, Ovacik M, Totpal K, Wu Y, Spiess C, Lee G, Leipold DD, Polson AG. Novel Anti-LY6G6D/CD3 T-Cell-Dependent Bispecific Antibody for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:974-985. [PMID: 35364611 PMCID: PMC9381132 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New therapeutics and combination regimens have led to marked clinical improvements for the treatment of a subset of colorectal cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy in patients with mismatch-repair-deficient or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, patients with microsatellite-stable (MSS) or low levels of microsatellite instable (MSI-L) colorectal cancer have not benefited from these immune modulators, and the survival outcome remains poor for the majority of patients diagnosed with mCRC. In this article, we describe the discovery of a novel T-cell-dependent bispecific antibody (TDB) targeting tumor-associated antigen LY6G6D, LY6G6D-TDB, for the treatment of colorectal cancer. RNAseq analysis showed that LY6G6D was differentially expressed in colorectal cancer with high prevalence in MSS and MSI-L subsets, whereas LY6G6D expression in normal tissues was limited. IHC confirmed the elevated expression of LY6G6D in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors, whereas minimal or no expression was observed in most normal tissue samples. The optimized LY6G6D-TDB, which targets a membrane-proximal epitope of LY6G6D and binds to CD3 with high affinity, exhibits potent antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro functional assays show that LY6G6D-TDB-mediated T-cell activation and cytotoxicity are conditional and target dependent. In mouse xenograft tumor models, LY6G6D-TDB demonstrates antitumor efficacy as a single agent against established colorectal tumors, and enhanced efficacy can be achieved when LY6G6D-TDB is combined with PD-1 blockade. Our studies provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of LY6G6D-TDB as an effective treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew G. Polson
- Corresponding Author: Andrew G. Polson, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080. Phone: 650-225-5134; Fax: 650-225-6240; E-mail:
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44
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Oliveira RD, Mousel MR, Gonzalez MV, Durfee CJ, Davenport KM, Murdoch BM, Taylor JB, Neibergs HL, White SN. A high-density genome-wide association with absolute blood monocyte count in domestic sheep identifies novel loci. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266748. [PMID: 35522671 PMCID: PMC9075649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a core component of the immune system that arise from bone marrow and differentiate into cells responsible for phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Their derivatives are often responsible for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Monocytes and macrophages are central in both controlling and propagating infectious diseases such as infection by Coxiella burnetii and small ruminant lentivirus in sheep. Genotypes from 513 Rambouillet, Polypay, and Columbia sheep (Ovis aries) were generated using the Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. Of these sheep, 222 animals were subsequently genotyped with the Ovine Infinium® HD SNP BeadChip to increase SNP coverage. Data from the 222 HD genotyped sheep were combined with the data from an additional 258 unique sheep to form a 480-sheep reference panel; this panel was used to impute the low-density genotypes to the HD genotyping density. Then, a genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci associated with absolute monocyte counts from blood. The analysis used a single-locus mixed linear model implementing EMMAX with age and ten principal components as fixed effects. Two genome-wide significant peaks (p < 5x10-7) were identified on chromosomes 9 and 1, and ten genome-wide suggestive peaks (p < 1x10-5) were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 15, and 16. The identified loci were within or near genes including KCNK9, involved into cytokine production, LY6D, a member of a superfamily of genes, some of which subset monocyte lineages, and HMGN1, which encodes a chromatin regulator associated with myeloid cell differentiation. Further investigation of these loci is being conducted to understand their contributions to monocyte counts. Investigating the genetic basis of monocyte lineages and numbers may in turn provide information about pathogens of veterinary importance and elucidate fundamental immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle R. Mousel
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Codie J. Durfee
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Davenport
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
| | - Brenda M. Murdoch
- Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - J. Bret Taylor
- USDA-ARS Range Sheep Production Efficiency Research, Dubois, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Holly L. Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Stephen N. White
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- USDA-ARS Animal Disease Research, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Challis RC, Ravindra Kumar S, Chen X, Goertsen D, Coughlin GM, Hori AM, Chuapoco MR, Otis TS, Miles TF, Gradinaru V. Adeno-Associated Virus Toolkit to Target Diverse Brain Cells. Annu Rev Neurosci 2022; 45:447-469. [PMID: 35440143 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are commonly used gene delivery vehicles for neuroscience research. They have two engineerable features: the capsid (outer protein shell) and cargo (encapsulated genome). These features can be modified to enhance cell type or tissue tropism and control transgene expression, respectively. Several engineered AAV capsids with unique tropisms have been identified, including variants with enhanced central nervous system transduction, cell type specificity, and retrograde transport in neurons. Pairing these AAVs with modern gene regulatory elements and state-of-the-art reporter, sensor, and effector cargo enables highly specific transgene expression for anatomical and functional analyses of brain cells and circuits. Here, we discuss recent advances that provide a comprehensive (capsid and cargo) AAV toolkit for genetic access to molecularly defined brain cell types. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary C Challis
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Sripriya Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - David Goertsen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Gerard M Coughlin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Acacia M Hori
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Miguel R Chuapoco
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Thomas S Otis
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy F Miles
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA;
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46
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Dang VD, Mohr E, Szelinski F, Le TA, Ritter J, Hinnenthal T, Stefanski AL, Schrezenmeier E, Ocvirk S, Hipfl C, Hardt S, Cheng Q, Hiepe F, Löhning M, Dörner T, Lino AC. CD39 and CD326 Are Bona Fide Markers of Murine and Human Plasma Cells and Identify a Bone Marrow Specific Plasma Cell Subpopulation in Lupus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873217. [PMID: 35464469 PMCID: PMC9024045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) contribute to immunity through production of antibodies and cytokines. Identification of specific markers of ASC would allow selective targeting of these cells in several disease contexts. Here, we performed an unbiased, large-scale protein screening, and identified twelve new molecules that are specifically expressed by murine ASCs. Expression of these markers, particularly CD39, CD81, CD130, and CD326, is stable and offers an improved resolution for ASC identification. We accessed their expression in germ-free conditions and in T cell deficient mice, showing that at least in part their expression is controlled by microbial- and T cell-derived signals. Further analysis of lupus mice revealed the presence of a subpopulation of LAG-3– plasma cells, co-expressing high amounts of CD39 and CD326 in the bone marrow. This population was IgM+ and correlated with IgM anti-dsDNA autoantibodies in sera. Importantly, we found that CD39, CD81, CD130, and CD326 are also expressed by human peripheral blood and bone marrow ASCs. Our data provide innovative insights into ASC biology and function in mice and human, and identify an intriguing BM specific CD39++CD326++ ASC subpopulation in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Elodie Mohr
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Szelinski
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tuan Anh Le
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Ritter
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Hinnenthal
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana-Luisa Stefanski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Schrezenmeier
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soeren Ocvirk
- Intestinal Microbiology Research Group, Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christian Hipfl
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hardt
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingyu Cheng
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hiepe
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Löhning
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Andreia C. Lino,
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Jatho A, Zieseniss A, Brechtel-Curth K, Guo J, Böker KO, Salinas G, Wenger RH, Katschinski DM. The HIFα-Stabilizing Drug Roxadustat Increases the Number of Renal Epo-Producing Sca-1 + Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040753. [PMID: 35203399 PMCID: PMC8869801 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes, leading to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α as well as to the stimulation of erythropoietin (Epo) synthesis, is the functional mechanism of the new anti-anemia drug roxadustat. Little is known about the effects of roxadustat on the Epo-producing cell pool. To gain further insights into the function of PHD inhibitors, we characterized the abundance of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells after roxadustat treatment of mice. The number of Sca-1+ mesenchymal cells following roxadustat treatment increased exclusively in the kidneys. Isolated Sca-1+ cells demonstrated typical features of MSC-like cells, including adherence to tissue culture plates, trilineage differentiation potential, and expression of MSC markers. Kidney-derived Sca-1+ MSC-like cells were cultured for up to 21 days. Within the first few days in culture, cells stabilized HIF-1α and HIF-2α and temporarily increased Epo production upon incubation in hypoxia. In summary, we have identified a Sca-1+ MSC-like cell population that is involved in renal Epo production and might contribute to the strong anti-anemic effect of the PHD inhibitor roxadustat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Jatho
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.B.-C.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (D.M.K.)
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.B.-C.); (J.G.)
| | - Katja Brechtel-Curth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.B.-C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.B.-C.); (J.G.)
| | - Kai Oliver Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany;
| | - Roland H. Wenger
- National Centre of Competence in Research “Kidney.CH”, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dörthe M. Katschinski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37073 Goettingen, Germany; (A.Z.); (K.B.-C.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (D.M.K.)
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics to Explore the Action Mechanism of the Pharmaceutical-Grade Triticum vulgare Extract in Speeding Up Keratinocyte Healing. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031108. [PMID: 35164377 PMCID: PMC8839156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant extracts have shown beneficial properties in terms of skin repair, promoting wound healing through a plethora of mechanisms. In particular, the poly-/oligosaccharidic aqueous extract of Triticum vulgare (TVE), as well as TVE-based products, shows interesting biological assets, hastening wound repair. Indeed, TVE acts in the treatment of tissue regeneration mainly on decubitus and venous leg ulcers. Moreover, on scratched monolayers, TVE prompts HaCat cell migration, correctly modulating the expression of metalloproteases toward a physiological matrix remodeling. Here, using the same HaCat-based in vitro scratch model, the TVE effect has been investigated thanks to an LFQ proteomic analysis of HaCat secretomes and immunoblotting. Indeed, the unbiased TVE effect on secreted proteins has not yet been fully understood, and it could be helpful to obtain a comprehensive picture of its bio-pharmacological profile. It has emerged that TVE treatment induces significant up-regulation of several proteins in the secretome (153 to be exact) whereas only a few were down-regulated (72 to be exact). Interestingly, many of the up-regulated proteins are implicated in promoting wound-healing-related processes, such as modulating cell-cell interaction and communication, cell proliferation and differentiation, and prompting cell adhesion and migration.
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Zhang Q, Jia Y, Pan P, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhu P, Chen X, Jiao Y, Kang G, Zhang L, Ma X. α5-nAChR associated with Ly6E modulates cell migration via TGF-β1/Smad signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:393-404. [PMID: 34994389 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α5-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5-nAChR) is closely associated with nicotine-related lung cancer, offering a novel perspective for investigating the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. However, the mechanism by which α5-nAChR functions in lung carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated. Lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) proteins, like snake three-finger alpha toxins such as α-bungarotoxin, can modulate nAChR signaling. Ly6E, a member of the Ly6 family, is a biomarker of poor prognosis in smoking-induced lung carcinogenesis and is involved in the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling. Here, we explored the underlying mechanisms linking α5-nAChR and Ly6E in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of α5-nAChR was correlated with Ly6 expression, smoking status and lower survival in NSCLC tissues. In vitro, α5-nAChR mediated Ly6E, the phosphorylation of the TGF-β1 downstream molecule Smad3 (pSmad3, a key mediator of TGF-β1 signaling), the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Zeb1, N-cadherin and vimentin expression in NSCLC cells. The downregulation of Ly6E reduced α5-nAChR, pSmad3, Zeb1, N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Functionally, silencing both α5-nAChR and Ly6E significantly inhibited cell migration compared to silencing α5-nAChR or Ly6E alone. Furthermore, the functional effects of α5-nAchR and Ly6E were confirmed in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and mouse xenograft models. Therefore, our findings uncover a new interaction between α5-nAChR and Ly6E that inhibits cancer cell migration by modulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in NSCLC, which may serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Jia
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiyu Kang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Research Center of Basic Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing protein PINLYP regulates type I interferon innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2111115119. [PMID: 34969857 PMCID: PMC8740751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses serve as the first line of the host innate immune defense against viral infection. Here we identify a previously uncharacterized protein designated phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing protein (PINLYP), which is essential for embryonic development and plays an important role in type I IFN against pathogen infection. PINLYP deficiency impairs type I IFN production and dampens in vivo host defense against DNA and RNA virus infection. We unravel a unique actor in the type I IFN innate immunity and a potential target for the antiviral therapies. Type I interferons (IFNs) are the first frontline of the host innate immune response against invading pathogens. Herein, we characterized an unknown protein encoded by phospholipase A2 inhibitor and LY6/PLAUR domain-containing (PINLYP) gene that interacted with TBK1 and induced type I IFN in a TBK1- and IRF3-dependent manner. Loss of PINLYP impaired the activation of IRF3 and production of IFN-β induced by DNA virus, RNA virus, and various Toll-like receptor ligands in multiple cell types. Because PINLYP deficiency in mice engendered an early embryonic lethality in mice, we generated a conditional mouse in which PINLYP was depleted in dendritic cells. Mice lacking PINLYP in dendritic cells were defective in type I IFN induction and more susceptible to lethal virus infection. Thus, PINLYP is a positive regulator of type I IFN innate immunity and important for effective host defense against viral infection.
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