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Aldharee H. Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Saudi Arabia: a review of the current literature. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1392274. [PMID: 39087004 PMCID: PMC11288836 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1392274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past three decades, significant improvements have occurred in the study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a rare, severe neuromuscular disease that causes death due to cardiovascular and respiratory complications among affected boys. Since the 1980s, ongoing preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to explore the disease in depth and discover potential therapeutic strategies. In Saudi Arabia, it is unclear whether health services and research efforts are keeping pace with global achievements. Therefore, this review aims to explore the diagnostic and management strategies and research efforts in Saudi Arabia over the past three decades. I searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and included all published articles on the epidemiology, genetics, diagnosis, and management of DMD/BMD in this review. The findings suggest a lack of local standardized diagnostic strategies, a poor understanding of epidemiology and common pathogenic variants, and a critical need for preclinical and clinical research. At the time of writing, no such comprehensive review has been published. Challenges, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitham Aldharee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Wijekoon N, Gonawala L, Ratnayake P, Liyanage R, Amaratunga D, Hathout Y, Steinbusch HWM, Dalal A, Hoffman EP, de Silva KRD. Title-molecular diagnostics of dystrophinopathies in Sri Lanka towards phenotype predictions: an insight from a South Asian resource limited setting. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:37. [PMID: 38195599 PMCID: PMC10775540 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenotype of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patients is determined by the type of DMD gene variation, its location, effect on reading frame, and its size. The primary objective of this investigation was to determine the frequency and distribution of DMD gene variants (deletions/duplications) in Sri Lanka through the utilization of a combined approach involving multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) followed by Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and compare to the international literature. The current consensus is that MLPA is a labor efficient yet expensive technique for identifying deletions and duplications in the DMD gene. METHODOLOGY Genetic analysis was performed in a cohort of 236 clinically suspected pediatric and adult myopathy patients in Sri Lanka, using mPCR and MLPA. A comparative analysis was conducted between our findings and literature data. RESULTS In the entire patient cohort (n = 236), mPCR solely was able to identify deletions in the DMD gene in 131/236 patients (DMD-120, BMD-11). In the same cohort, MLPA confirmed deletions in 149/236 patients [DMD-138, BMD -11]. These findings suggest that mPCR has a detection rate of 95% (131/138) among all patients who received a diagnosis. The distal and proximal deletion hotspots for DMD were exons 45-55 and 6-15. Exon 45-60 identified as a novel in-frame variation hotspot. Exon 45-59 was a hotspot for BMD deletions. Comparisons with the international literature show significant variations observed in deletion and duplication frequencies in DMD gene across different populations. CONCLUSION DMD gene deletions and duplications are concentrated in exons 45-55 and 2-20 respectively, which match global variation hotspots. Disparities in deletion and duplication frequencies were observed when comparing our data to other Asian and Western populations. Identified a 95% deletion detection rate for mPCR, making it a viable initial molecular diagnostic approach for low-resource countries where MLPA could be used to evaluate negative mPCR cases and cases with ambiguous mutation borders. Our findings may have important implications in the early identification of DMD with limited resources in Sri Lanka and to develop tailored molecular diagnostic algorithms that are regional and population specific and easily implemented in resource limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalaka Wijekoon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lakmal Gonawala
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roshan Liyanage
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Yetrib Hathout
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, 500039, India
| | - Eric P Hoffman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - K Ranil D de Silva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Innovation in Biotechnology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
- Department of Cellular and Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana, 10390, Sri Lanka.
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Elhawary NA, AlJahdali IA, Abumansour IS, Azher ZA, Falemban AH, Madani WM, Alosaimi W, Alghamdi G, Sindi IA. Phenotypic variability to medication management: an update on fragile X syndrome. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:60. [PMID: 37420260 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the discovery, epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic etiology, molecular diagnosis, and medication-based management of fragile X syndrome (FXS). It also highlights the syndrome's variable expressivity and common comorbid and overlapping conditions. FXS is an X-linked dominant disorder associated with a wide spectrum of clinical features, including but not limited to intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, language deficits, macroorchidism, seizures, and anxiety. Its prevalence in the general population is approximately 1 in 5000-7000 men and 1 in 4000-6000 women worldwide. FXS is associated with the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene located at locus Xq27.3 and encodes the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). Most individuals with FXS have an FMR1 allele with > 200 CGG repeats (full mutation) and hypermethylation of the CpG island proximal to the repeats, which silences the gene's promoter. Some individuals have mosaicism in the size of the CGG repeats or in hypermethylation of the CpG island, both produce some FMRP and give rise to milder cognitive and behavioral deficits than in non-mosaic individuals with FXS. As in several monogenic disorders, modifier genes influence the penetrance of FMR1 mutations and FXS's variable expressivity by regulating the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the syndrome's behavioral features. Although there is no cure for FXS, prenatal molecular diagnostic testing is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis. Pharmacologic agents can reduce some behavioral features of FXS, and researchers are investigating whether gene editing can be used to demethylate the FMR1 promoter region to improve patient outcomes. Moreover, clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 and developed nuclease defective Cas9 (dCas9) strategies have promised options of genome editing in gain-of-function mutations to rewrite new genetic information into a specified DNA site, are also being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Imad A AlJahdali
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman S Abumansour
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohor A Azher
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa H Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wefaq M Madani
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Alosaimi
- Department of Hematology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghydda Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ikhlas A Sindi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
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Eslahi A, Alizadeh F, Avan A, Ferns GA, Moghbeli M, Reza Abbaszadegan M, Mojarrad M. New advancements in CRISPR based gene therapy of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Gene 2023; 867:147358. [PMID: 36914142 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the dystrophin gene mutations and is one of the most common and lethal human hereditary disorders. A novel therapeutic approach using CRISPR technology has gained attention in the treatment of DMD. Gene replacement strategies are being proposed as a promising therapeutic option to compensate the loss of function mutations. Although, the large size of the dystrophin gene and the limitations of the existing gene replacement approach, could mean the gene delivery of shortened versions of dystrophin such as midystrophin and microdystrophins. There are also other approaches: including Targeted removal of dystrophin exons to restore the reading-frame; Dual sgRNA-directed DMD exon deletion, CRISPR-SKIP strategy; reframing of dystrophin using Prime Editing technology; exon removal using twin prime technology; TransCRISTI technology to targeted exon integration into dystrophin gene. Here we provide an overview of recent progresses in dystrophin gene editing using updated versions of CRISPR to introduce novel opportunities in DMD gene therapy. Overall, the novel CRISPR based technologies are improving and expanding to allow the application of more precise gene editing for the treatment of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Genetic Center of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran.
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Elhawary NA, Ekram SN, Abumansour IS, Azher ZA, AlJahdali IA, Alyamani NM, Naffadi HM, Sindi IA, Baazeem A, Nassir AM, Mufti AH. Sequence Variants in PSMB8/PSMB9 Immunoproteasome Genes and Risk of Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma. Cureus 2023; 15:e36293. [PMID: 36937130 PMCID: PMC10022703 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PSMB8 and PSMB9 immunoproteasome genes are essential in cell processes, such as decisions on cell survival or death, the cell cycle, and cellular differentiation. Because recent evidence has demonstrated an immunological role for proteasomes in various malignancies, including urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC), we evaluated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PSMB9 and PSMB8. We determined any associations between these SNPs and susceptibility to UBC in the Saudi community. METHODS Samples of genomic DNA were taken from buccal cells of 111 patients with UBC and 78 healthy controls. TaqMan Real-Time PCR was used to determine genotype distributions and allele frequencies for the PSMB9 rs17587 G>A and PSMB8 rs2071543 G>T SNPs. We used SNPStats (https://www.snpstats.net) to choose each SNP's best interactive inheritance model. RESULTS The PSMB9 rs17587 SNP was associated with the risk of UBC (odds ratio [OR] = 5.21, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the PSMB8 rs2071543 SNP showed no association with UBC risk (OR = 1.13, P = 0.7871). In terms of genotypic distribution, the rs17587 G>A SNP was more frequent in UBC cases than controls in both the dominant (OR = 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 3.7-15.1; P = 0.0051) and recessive (OR = 17.11, 95% confidence interval 5.1-57.4; P = 0.0026) models. Genotypic distribution of the PSMB8 rs2071543 G>T SNP was not significantly different between cases and controls in any interactive inheritance models (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest a potential role for PSMB9 as a biomarker for increased UBC risk. Discovering more genetic variants within immunoproteasome genes related to antigen presentation could help further our understanding of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samar N Ekram
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | | | - Zohor A Azher
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad H Mufti
- Medical Genetics, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
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Viggiano E, Picillo E, Passamano L, Onore ME, Piluso G, Scutifero M, Torella A, Nigro V, Politano L. Spectrum of Genetic Variants in the Dystrophin Gene: A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of 750 Duchenne and Becker Patients from Southern Italy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36672955 PMCID: PMC9859256 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophinopathies are X-linked recessive muscle disorders caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene that include deletions, duplications, and point mutations. Correct diagnosis is important for providing adequate patient care and family planning, especially at this time when mutation-specific therapies are available. We report a large single-centre study on the spectrum of DMD gene variants observed in 750 patients analyzed for suspected Duchenne (DMD) or Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophy, over the past 30 years, at the Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics of the University of Campania. We found 534 (71.21%) large deletions, 73 (9.73%) large duplications, and 112 (14.93%) point mutations, of which 44 (5.9%) were small ins/del causing frame-shifts, 57 (7.6%) nonsense mutations, 8 (1.1%) splice site and 3 (0.4%) intronic mutations, and 31 (4.13%) non mutations. Moreover, we report the prevalence of the different types of mutations in patients with DMD and BMD according to their decade of birth, from 1930 to 2020, and correlate the data to the different techniques used over the years. In the most recent decades, we observed an apparent increase in the prevalence of point mutations, probably due to the use of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). In conclusion, in southern Italy, deletions are the most frequent variation observed in DMD and BMD patients followed by point mutations and duplications, as elsewhere in the world. NGS was useful to identify point mutations in cases of strong suspicion of DMD/BMD negative on deletions/duplications analyses. In the era of personalized medicine and availability of new causative therapies, a collective effort is necessary to enable DMD and BMD patients to have timely genetic diagnoses and avoid late implementation of standard of care and late initiation of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Viggiano
- Department of Prevention, Hygiene and Public Health Service, ASL Roma 2, 00157 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Picillo
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigia Passamano
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulio Piluso
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Scutifero
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Elhawary NA, AlJahdali IA, Abumansour IS, Elhawary EN, Gaboon N, Dandini M, Madkhali A, Alosaimi W, Alzahrani A, Aljohani F, Melibary EM, Kensara OA. Genetic etiology and clinical challenges of phenylketonuria. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:22. [PMID: 35854334 PMCID: PMC9295449 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetic etiology, and management of phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU, an autosomal recessive disease, is an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism caused by pathogenic variants in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene. The prevalence of PKU varies widely among ethnicities and geographic regions, affecting approximately 1 in 24,000 individuals worldwide. Deficiency in the PAH enzyme or, in rare cases, the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin results in high blood Phe concentrations, causing brain dysfunction. Untreated PKU, also known as PAH deficiency, results in severe and irreversible intellectual disability, epilepsy, behavioral disorders, and clinical features such as acquired microcephaly, seizures, psychological signs, and generalized hypopigmentation of skin (including hair and eyes). Severe phenotypes are classic PKU, and less severe forms of PAH deficiency are moderate PKU, mild PKU, mild hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA), or benign HPA. Early diagnosis and intervention must start shortly after birth to prevent major cognitive and neurological effects. Dietary treatment, including natural protein restriction and Phe-free supplements, must be used to maintain blood Phe concentrations of 120-360 μmol/L throughout the life span. Additional treatments include the casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), which contains very limited aromatic amino acids and may improve immunological function, and large neutral amino acid (LNAA) supplementation to prevent plasma Phe transport into the brain. The synthetic BH4 analog, sapropterin hydrochloride (i.e., Kuvan®, BioMarin), is another potential treatment that activates residual PAH, thus decreasing Phe concentrations in the blood of PKU patients. Moreover, daily subcutaneous injection of pegylated Phe ammonia-lyase (i.e., pegvaliase; PALYNZIQ®, BioMarin) has promised gene therapy in recent clinical trials, and mRNA approaches are also being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad A. AlJahdali
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman S. Abumansour
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldin N. Elhawary
- Faculty of Medicine, MS Genomic Medicine Program, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Nagwa Gaboon
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Dandini
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank, Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Madkhali
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Alosaimi
- Department of Hematology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Alzahrani
- Department of Laboratory and Blood Bank at Maternity and Children Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzia Aljohani
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, Maternity and Children Hospital, King Salman Medical City, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Melibary
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Triana-Fonseca P, Parada-Márquez JF, Silva-Aldana CT, Zambrano-Arenas D, Arias-Gomez LL, Morales-Fonseca N, Medina-Méndez E, Restrepo CM, Silgado-Guzmán DF, Fonseca-Mendoza DJ. Genetic Profile of the Dystrophin Gene Reveals New Mutations in Colombian Patients Affected with Muscular Dystrophinopathy. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2021; 14:399-408. [PMID: 34629887 PMCID: PMC8493106 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s317721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) are the most common human dystrophinopathies with recessive X-linked inheritance. Dystrophin gene deletions and duplications are the most common mutations, followed by point mutations. The aim of this study is to characterize the mutational profile of the dystrophin gene in Colombian patients with DMD/BMD. Material and Methods Mutational profiling was determined in 69 affected patients using Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and/or multiplex ligation dependent-probes amplification (MLPA). Genetic variants were classified according to molecular consequence and new variants were determined through database and literature analysis. Results Mutational profile in affected patients revealed that large deletions/duplications analyzed by MLPA accounted for 72.5% of all genetic variations. By using Sanger sequencing or NGS, we identified point mutations in 15.9% and small deletions in 11.6% of the patients. New mutations were found, most of them were point mutations or small deletions (10.1%). Conclusion Our results described the genetic profile of the dystrophin gene in Colombian patients with DMD and contribute to efforts to identify molecular variants in Latin American populations. For our population, 18.8% of cases could be treated with FDA or MDA approved molecular therapies based on specific mutations. These data contribute to the establishment of appropriate genetic counseling and potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia T Silva-Aldana
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genética Molecular de Colombia SAS, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Esteban Medina-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Genética Molecular de Colombia SAS, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Carlos M Restrepo
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics - CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | | | - Dora Janeth Fonseca-Mendoza
- Center for Research in Genetics and Genomics - CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Del Rosario, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
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Megarbane A, Bizzari S, Deepthi A, Sabbagh S, Mansour H, Chouery E, Hmaimess G, Jabbour R, Mehawej C, Alame S, Hani A, Hasbini D, Ghanem I, Koussa S, Al-Ali MT, Obeid M, Talea DB, Lefranc G, Levy N, Leturcq F, El Hayek S, Delague V, Urtizberea A. A 20-year Clinical and Genetic Neuromuscular Cohort Analysis in Lebanon: An International Effort. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 9:193-210. [PMID: 34602496 PMCID: PMC8842757 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and molecular data on the occurrence and frequency of inherited neuromuscular disorders (NMD) in the Lebanese population is scarce. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a retrospective overview of hereditary NMDs based on our clinical consultations in Lebanon. METHODS Clinical and molecular data of patients referred to a multi-disciplinary consultation for neuromuscular disorders over a 20-year period (1999-2019) was reviewed. RESULTS A total of 506 patients were diagnosed with 62 different disorders encompassing 10 classes of NMDs. 103 variants in 49 genes were identified. In this cohort, 81.4%of patients were diagnosed with motor neuron diseases and muscular dystrophies, with almost half of these described with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) (40.3%of patients). We estimate a high SMA incidence of 1 in 7,500 births in Lebanon. Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy were the second most frequently diagnosed NMDs (17%of patients). The latter disorders were associated with the highest number of variants (39) identified in this study. A highly heterogeneous presentation of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease was notably identified. The least common disorders (5.5%of patients) involved congenital, metabolic, and mitochondrial myopathies, congenital myasthenic syndromes, and myotonic dystrophies. A review of the literature for selected NMDs in Lebanon is provided. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates a high prevalence and underreporting of heterogeneous forms of NMDs in Lebanon- a major challenge with many novel NMD treatments in the pipeline. This report calls for a regional NMD patient registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Megarbane
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.,Institut Jérôme Lejeune, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôtel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hicham Mansour
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eliane Chouery
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Hmaimess
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosette Jabbour
- Department of Neurology, Saint George Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Cybel Mehawej
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Saada Alame
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abeer Hani
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Gilbert and Rose-Mary Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Dana Hasbini
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Rafic Hariri University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ismat Ghanem
- Department of Orthopedics, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salam Koussa
- Department of Neurology, Geitaoui Lebanese University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Marc Obeid
- Genetic laboratory, American University of Science and Technology, Lebanon
| | - Diana Bou Talea
- Genetic laboratory, American University of Science and Technology, Lebanon
| | - Gerard Lefranc
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, UMR 9002 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Levy
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, MMG, U 1251, Marseille, France
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Santin R, Vieira IA, Nunes JC, Benevides ML, Quadros F, Brusius-Facchin AC, Macedo G, Bertoni APS. A novel DMD intronic alteration: a potentially disease-causing variant of an intermediate muscular dystrophy phenotype. ACTA MYOLOGICA : MYOPATHIES AND CARDIOMYOPATHIES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETY OF MYOLOGY 2021; 40:93-100. [PMID: 34355126 PMCID: PMC8290513 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in DMD gene, which encodes the well-known cytoskeletal protein named dystrophin, are associated with a wide range of dystrophinopathies disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, severe form), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD, mild form) and intermediate muscular dystrophy (IMD). Muscle biopsy, immunohistochemistry, molecular (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA)/next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger methods) and in silico analyses were performed in order to identify alterations in DMD gene and protein in a patient with a clinical manifestation and with high creatine kinase levels. Herein, we described a previously unreported intronic variant in DMD and reduced dystrophin staining in the muscle biopsy. This novel DMD variant allele, c.9649+4A>T that was located in a splice donor site within intron 66. Sanger sequencing analysis from maternal DNA showed the presence of both variant c.9649+4A>T and wild-type (WT) DMD alleles. Different computational tools suggested that this nucleotide change might affect splicing through a WT donor site disruption, occurring in an evolutionarily conserved region. Indeed, we observed that this novel variant, could explain the reduced dystrophin protein levels and discontinuous sarcolemmal staining in muscle biopsy, which suggests that c.9649+4A>T allele may be re-classified as pathogenic in the future. Our data show that the c.9649+4A>T intronic sequence variant in the DMD gene may be associated with an IMD phenotype and our findings reinforce the importance of a more precise diagnosis combining muscle biopsy, molecular techniques and comprehensive in silico approaches in the clinical cases with negative results for conventional genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santin
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor Araujo Vieira
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jean Costa Nunes
- Neurodiagnostic Brazil - Floranópolis, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
- Departmento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Hospital Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Benevides
- Departmento de Neurologia, Hospital Governador Celso Ramos, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Quadros
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, (ISCMPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Brusius-Facchin
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Macedo
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Medicina Personalizada, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Santin Bertoni
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde and Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Shastry A, Aravind S, Sunil M, Ramesh K, Ashley B, T. N, Ramprasad VL, Gupta R, Seshagiri S, Nongthomba U, Phalke S. Matrilineal analysis of mutations in the DMD gene in a multigenerational South Indian cohort using DMD gene panel sequencing. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1633. [PMID: 33960727 PMCID: PMC8172192 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive irreversible muscle weakness, primarily of the skeletal and the cardiac muscles. DMD is characterised by mutations in the dystrophin gene, resulting in the absence or sparse quantities of dystrophin protein. A precise and timely molecular detection of DMD mutations encourages interventions such as carrier genetic counselling and in undertaking therapeutic measures for the DMD patients. RESULTS In this study, we developed a 2.1 Mb custom DMD gene panel that spans the entire DMD gene, including the exons and introns. The panel also includes the probes against 80 additional genes known to be mutated in other muscular dystrophies. This custom DMD gene panel was used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and large deletions with precise breakpoints in 77 samples that included 24 DMD patients and their matrilineage across four generations. We used this panel to evaluate the inheritance pattern of DMD mutations in maternal subjects representing 24 DMD patients. CONCLUSION Here we report our observations on the inheritance pattern of DMD gene mutations in matrilineage samples across four generations. Additionally, our data suggest that the DMD gene panel designed by us can be routinely used as a single genetic test to identify all DMD gene variants in DMD patients and the carrier mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Shastry
- Dystrophy Annihilation Research Trust (DART)BangaloreIndia
| | - Sankaramoorthy Aravind
- Dystrophy Annihilation Research Trust (DART)BangaloreIndia
- Indian Institute of Science (IISc)BangaloreIndia
| | | | - Keerthi Ramesh
- Dystrophy Annihilation Research Trust (DART)BangaloreIndia
| | - Berty Ashley
- Dystrophy Annihilation Research Trust (DART)BangaloreIndia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sameer Phalke
- MedGenome LabsBangaloreIndia
- SciGenom Labs Pvt LtdCochinIndia
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Sindi IA, Babalghith AO, Tayeb MT, Mufti AH, Naffadi H, Ekram SN, Elhawary EN, Alenezi M, Elhawary NA. Risk of Colorectal Carcinoma May Predispose to the Genetic Variants of the GST, CYP450, and TP53 Genes Among Nonsmokers in the Saudi Community. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1311-1323. [PMID: 33883929 PMCID: PMC8055278 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s294802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) represents a considerable public health burden in Saudi Arabia. Several candidate genes and genetic variants have been associated with morbidity and mortality among patients with CRC. We explored whether allelic variants of the GSTM1, GSTT1, CYP450 (rs4646903 and rs1048943), and TP53 (rs1042522) genes predisposed nonsmoking Saudi individuals to increased risk for CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA from buccal cells of 158 participants (80 with CRC and 78 healthy controls) were analyzed for five SNPs using conventional PCR and TaqMan genotyping assays. The SNPStats software was utilized to choose the best interactive inheritance mode for selected SNPs (https://www.snpstats.net). RESULTS The mean age of diagnosis was 62.4±13.5 years (range, 40-83 years), with those aged 71-80 years and those aged 40-50 years accounting for the most diagnoses (35.7% and 28.6% of diagnosis, respectively). The GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 SNPs were associated with CRC (OR= 3.7; P< 0.0001, and OR= 1.6; P= 0.033, respectively). A plausible contribution to CRC was observed for the GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 SNPs (x 2 Yates= 14.7; P= 0.00013, and x 2 Yates= 11.2; P= 0.0008, respectively), while the GSTT1 null variant did not affect risk. Heterozygosity in the CYP450 (rs4646903 and rs1048943 SNPs) was associated with a significant risk for CRC. The GSTM1/GSTT1 and CYP450 rs4646903/rs1048943 SNP pairs were in linkage disequilibrium, and the associations were statistically significant (P= 0.01 and P= 4.6x10‒7, respectively). CONCLUSION The GSTM1 and TP53 rs1042522 variants can increase the development of CRC in Saudi nonsmokers. Even the presence of one copy of a variant allele in the CYP1A1 gene can predispose CRC risk. Additional studies should also examine other SNP combinations with lifestyle factors that may help prevent, rather than facilitate, colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikhlas A Sindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Ikhlas A Sindi Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia Email
| | - Ahmed O Babalghith
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Tayeb
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Mufti
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Naffadi
- Common Science, First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar N Ekram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Abdullah City Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezzeldin N Elhawary
- MS Genomic Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October Modern Sciences and Arts University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Munaifah Alenezi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Correspondence: Nasser A Elhawary Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 57543, Mecca, 21955, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 55 369 2180 Email
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Brunetti B, Muscatello LV, Letko A, Papa V, Cenacchi G, Grillini M, Murgiano L, Jagannathan V, Drögemüller C. X-Linked Duchenne-Type Muscular Dystrophy in Jack Russell Terrier Associated with a Partial Deletion of the Canine DMD Gene. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101175. [PMID: 33049940 PMCID: PMC7600251 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-month old male Jack Russell Terrier started showing paraparesis of the hindlimbs after a walk. Hospitalized, the dog went into cardiac arrest, and later died. Necroscopic examination revealed a severe thickness of the diaphragm, esophagus, and base of the tongue, leading to the diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. The histology confirmed the marked size variation, regeneration, and fibrosis replacement of the skeletal muscle fibers. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the absence of dystrophin confirming the diagnosis. Transmission electron microscopy showed disarrangement of skeletal muscle fibers. Finally, whole-genome sequencing identified a ~368kb deletion spanning 19 exons of the canine dystrophin (DMD) gene. This pathogenic loss-of-function variant most likely explains the observed disease phenotype. The X-chromosomal variant was absent in seven controls of the same breed. Most likely, this partial deletion of the DMD gene was either transmitted on the maternal path within the family of the affected dog or arose de novo. This study revealed a spontaneous partial deletion in DMD gene in a Jack Russell Terrier showing a Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy due to non-functional dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brunetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2097960
| | - Luisa V. Muscatello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Letko
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (L.M.); (V.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Valentina Papa
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Cenacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Grillini
- Pathology Unit, S Orsola Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Murgiano
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (L.M.); (V.J.); (C.D.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vidhya Jagannathan
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (L.M.); (V.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.L.); (L.M.); (V.J.); (C.D.)
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Zhu Y, Yang L, Ma T, Lu Y, Tao D, Liu Y, Ma Y. Identification of two rare mutations c.1318G>A and c.6438+2T>G in a Chinese DMD family as genetic markers. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:1067-1074. [PMID: 32725577 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked recessive disorder with no effective treatment, which underscores the importance of avoiding the birth of children with DMD by identifying pathogenic mutations and obtaining an accurate prenatal diagnosis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic defect of a Chinese family where all male patients have died of DMD. METHODS Multiplex ligation dependent probe analysis (MLPA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were employed to detect DMD mutations. The candidate mutations were then validated by Sanger sequencing. In vitro splicing assay was further conducted to examine the potential effect of the novel DMD splice site mutation on splicing. RESULTS We found that two rare DMD mutations c.1318G>A and c.6438+2T>G passed from generation to generation among female carriers and they may be used as genetic markers in the Chinese DMD family. In vitro splicing assay further revealed that the novel classical splice site mutation c.6438+2T>G gave rise to a new donor splice site, which resulted in a frame shift of the transcripts and a premature termination at position 2159 in exon 45 (p.Y2144Nfs*16). CONCLUSION We found that two co-inherited mutations passed from generation to generation in female carriers and they may be used as genetic markers in the Chinese DMD family. Our findings not only expanded the DMD mutation spectrum, but also provided an important basis for identifying of female carriers and avoiding the birth of affected male children in this DMD family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchuan Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tengjiao Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilu Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dachang Tao
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxin Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1st Keyuan 4 Lu, High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Tyagi R, Aggarwal P, Mohanty M, Dutt V, Anand A. Computational cognitive modeling and validation of Dp140 induced alteration of working memory in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11989. [PMID: 32686699 PMCID: PMC7371893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy has emerged as a model to assess cognitive domains. The DMD gene variant location and its association with variable degrees of cognitive impairment necessitate identification of a common denominator. Computer architectures provide a framework to delineate the mechanisms involved in the cognitive functioning of the human brain. Copy number variations in the 79 exons of DMD gene were screened in 84 DMD subjects by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). DMD subjects were categorized based on the presence or absence of DP140 isoform. The cognitive and neuropsychological assessments were carried out as per inclusion criteria using standard scales. Instance-based learning theory (IBLT) based on the partial matching process was developed to mimic Stroop Color and Word Task (SCWT) performance on Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) cognitive architecture based on IBLT. Genotype-phenotype correlation was conducted based on the mutation location in DMD gene. Assessment of specific cognitive domains in DP140 - ve group corresponded to the involvement of multiple brain lobes including temporal (verbal and visual learning and memory), parietal (visuo-conceptual and visuo-constructive abilities) and frontal (sustained and focused attention, verbal fluency, cognitive control). Working memory axis was found to be the central domain through tasks including RAVLT trial 1, recency effect, digit span backward, working memory index, arithmetic subtests in the Dp140 - ve group. IBLT validated the non-reliance of DMD subjects on recency indicating affected working memory domain. Modeling strategy revealed altered working memory processes in DMD cases with affected Dp140 isoform. DMD brain was observed to rely on primacy than the recency suggesting alterations in working memory capacity. Modeling revealed lowered activation of DMD brain with Dp140 - ve in order to retrieve the instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tyagi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Palvi Aggarwal
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Mohanty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Varun Dutt
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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El Kadiri Y, Selouani Y, Ratbi I, Lyahyai J, Zrhidri A, Sahli M, Ouhenach M, Jaouad IC, Sefiani A, Sbiti A. Molecular diagnosis of dystrophinopathies in Morocco and report of six novel mutations. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:28-32. [PMID: 32169422 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophinopathies are the most common genetic neuromuscular disorders during childhood, with an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern. Because of clinical and genetic heterogeneity of dystrophinopathies, genetic testing of dystrophin gene at Xp21.2 is constantly evolving. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPCR) is used in the first line to detect common exon deletions of dystrophin gene (accounting for 65% of mutations), followed by the Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) technique to reveal deletions of exons outside the usual hotspot and duplications in male and female carriers. (MLPA adds another 10-15% positive cases to MPCR). Recently, Next Generation Sequencing allows to screen for rare large and point mutations. We report here, molecular analysis results of dystrophin gene during 27 years in a large Moroccan cohort of 356 patients, using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) to screen for hot-spot exon deletions. First applications of whole dystrophin gene sequencing in our lab lead to the identification of six novel mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef El Kadiri
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Yassir Selouani
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ilham Ratbi
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelali Zrhidri
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Maryem Sahli
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Ouhenach
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Cherkaoui Jaouad
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aziza Sbiti
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health in Rabat, BP 769 Agdal, 10 090 Rabat, Morocco
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Arab AH, Elhawary NA. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Variants Confer Potential Vulnerability to Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Saudi Community. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3569-3581. [PMID: 31920317 PMCID: PMC6938732 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s230348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several interacting genes or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are vulnerable to the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we explored associations between SNPs in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene or combined genotypes and the risk of ASD in a Saudi community. SUBJECTS AND METHODS ASD severity symptoms were assessed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria and scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Genomic DNA from buccal cells was analyzed for 112 cases and 104 healthy controls using TaqMan genotyping assays of 677C>T rs1801133 and 1298A>C rs1801131 SNPs in the MTHFR gene. SNPStats software was utilized to determine the best interactive model of inheritance of genotypic data. RESULTS Controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the examined SNPs. Our data showed associations between the 677C>T and 1298A>C SNPs and ASD risk (odds ratio [OR]= 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-9.8 and OR= 22.2; 95% CI, 7.9-62.3, respectively). Genotype associations of 677C>T and 1298A>C were identified in cases compared with controls (P= 0.0012 and P= 0.0008, respectively). The examined SNPs were significantly associated with ASD cases having ≥37 scores (codominant and recessive models; P= 0.001 and P= 0.0005, respectively). Six combined genotypes-C/C-A/A (42.9%), C/T-A/A (17.9%), C/T-C/C (14.5%), C/T-A/C (10.9%), T/T-C/C (10.9%), and T/T-A/A (3.6%)-were found in ASD cases. Global haplotype analysis showed a significant difference in haplotype distribution between cases and controls (P= 0.00057). The two SNPs were found to be in relatively strong linkage disequilibrium (D`= 0.63, r 2= 0.260). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the 677C>T and 1298A>C SNPs add to each other for potential vulnerability to increase the risk of ASD, particularly if they can be confirmed in larger cohorts along with other genetic/environmental factors. Our study could create reference data for future genetic association studies in the Saudi population and for use by government and health experts to develop regional health management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa H Arab
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Arwa H Arab; Nasser A Elhawary Tel +966 55 369 2180 Email ;
| | - Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Genetics Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: Arwa H Arab; Nasser A Elhawary Tel +966 55 369 2180 Email ;
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