1
|
Budhraja A, Basu A, Gheware A, Abhilash D, Rajagopala S, Pakala S, Sumit M, Ray A, Subramaniam A, Mathur P, Nambirajan A, Kumar S, Gupta R, Wig N, Trikha A, Guleria R, Sarkar C, Gupta I, Jain D. Molecular signature of postmortem lung tissue from COVID-19 patients suggests distinct trajectories driving mortality. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049572. [PMID: 35438176 PMCID: PMC9194484 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that manifest lung abnormalities during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of lung autopsies from 31 patients with severe COVID-19 and ten uninfected controls. Using metatranscriptomics, we identified the existence of two distinct molecular signatures of lethal COVID-19. The dominant 'classical' signature (n=23) showed upregulation of the unfolded protein response, steroid biosynthesis and complement activation, supported by massive metabolic reprogramming leading to characteristic lung damage. The rarer signature (n=8) that potentially represents 'cytokine release syndrome' (CRS) showed upregulation of cytokines such as IL1 and CCL19, but absence of complement activation. We found that a majority of patients cleared SARS-CoV-2 infection, but they suffered from acute dysbiosis with characteristic enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus cohnii in 'classical' patients and Pasteurella multocida in CRS patients. Our results suggest two distinct models of lung pathology in severe COVID-19 patients, which can be identified through complement activation, presence of specific cytokines and characteristic microbiome. These findings can be used to design personalized therapy using in silico identified drug molecules or in mitigating specific secondary infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Budhraja
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anubhav Basu
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Atish Gheware
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dasari Abhilash
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Seesandra Rajagopala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Suman Pakala
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Madhuresh Sumit
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Arulselvi Subramaniam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Purva Mathur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, JPNATC, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritu Gupta
- Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Anjan Trikha
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Chitra Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ishaan Gupta
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhussupov B, Saliev T, Sarybayeva G, Altynbekov K, Tanabayeva S, Altynbekov S, Tuleshova G, Pavalkis D, Fakhradiyev I. Analysis of COVID-19 pandemics in Kazakhstan. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00512. [PMID: 34465636 PMCID: PMC8957677 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the demographic and epidemiological features of identified COVID-19 cases in Kazakhstan.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze COVID-19 cases (n=5116) collected from March 13 to June 6, 2020, in Kazakhstan. The data were obtained from a state official medical electronic database. The study investigated the geographic and demographic data of patients as well as the association of COVID-19 cases with gender and age. The prevalence of symptoms, the presence of comorbidities, complications, and COVID-19 mortality were determined for all patients.
Results: The mean ±SD age of the patients in this study was 34.8 ±17.6 years, and the majority (55.7%) of COVID-19 cases were male and residents of cities (79.6%). In total, 80% of the cases had the asymptomatic/mild form of the disease. Cough (20.8 %) and sore throat (17.1%) were the most common symptoms among patients, and pneumonia was diagnosed in 1 out of 5 cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was recorded in 1.2% of the patients. The fatality rate was 1% in the study population and lethality was 2.6 times higher in males compared to females. Each additional year in age increased the probability of COVID-19 infection by 1.06 times. The presence of cardiovascular, diabetes, respiratory, and kidney diseases affected the rate of mortality (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The results demonstrated a high proportion (40%) of the asymptomatic type of coronavirus infection in the Kazakhstan population. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms and lethality were directly related to the age of patients and the presence of comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baurzhan Zhussupov
- National Center for Public Health, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Kuanysh Altynbekov
- Republican Scientific and Practical Centre of Mental Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sagat Altynbekov
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|