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Sun K, Zhou R, Xu F, Lu H, Asakawa T. Proposal to apply a "Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (PERMA)" based approach to manage the COVID-19-related mental health problems in the era of long COVID. Glob Health Med 2024; 6:160-163. [PMID: 38690133 PMCID: PMC11043128 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2023.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Long COVID (LC)-related health problems are highly concerned. Many patients seem to have "recovered" from an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, however, they might experience various symptoms, almost involving all organs and systems. Of those, neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are not rare. These problems significantly impact the quality of life (QOL) of patients, family, and caregivers, even lead a tragic suicide outcome. Other than the conventional psychological and medical approaches, here, we proposal a positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA)-based approach to fight against these COVID-19-related mental health problems (CRMHPs). This approach is characterized by positive psychological interventions and self-achievements, which has been proved to be a powerful tool against mood disorders in common people. Nowadays, abolishment of certain prophylactic measures (such as isolation, lockdown, compulsorily wearing a mask and maintaining social distance, measures to avoid crowding) enables us to have more opportunities to contact patients and implement the PERMA-based approach to the patients with CRMHPs. We believe that application of PERMA-based approach is conducive to alleviate the influence of the CRMHPs and improve their QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongfeng Zhou
- Hospital administrative office, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dai Z, Wu Y, Liu X, Fu J, Si M, Chen X, Wang H, Xiao W, Huang Y, Yu F, Mi G, Su X. Characteristics and influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma among HIV-negative/unknown MSM in China: A regression mixture model. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3472. [PMID: 38549560 PMCID: PMC10979188 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticipated HIV stigma among men who have sex with men's (MSM) has a severe negative effect on their physical and mental health wellbeing and hence requires specific attention. The current study aims to identify the characteristics and the psychosocial influencing factors of anticipated HIV stigma in MSM using regression mixture model (RMM) and to determine the cut-off point of the seven-item Anticipated HIV Stigma Questionnaire (AHSQ) using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-negative/unknown MSM from Blued online platform in China from December 16th, 2020 to March 1st, 2021, enrolling 1394 participants. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, perceived social support, anticipated HIV stigma, depressive symptoms, and HIV knowledge. Latent profile analysis was performed to identify different profiles of anticipated HIV stigma level. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and RMM analysis were conducted to explore the influencing factors in different profiles. ROC analyses were carried out to identify the cut-off value of anticipated stigma. RESULTS Among the participants, three profiles of anticipated stigma were identified: "low anticipated HIV stigma" (12.0%), "moderate anticipated HIV stigma" (52.1%), and "severe anticipated HIV stigma" (35.9%). RMM analysis showed that higher income and higher levels of knowledge were positively associated with moderate anticipated HIV stigma, whereas full-time job and social support were negatively associated with moderate anticipated HIV stigma; higher income, depressive symptoms, and knowledge were positively associated with severe anticipated HIV stigma, whereas minor ethnicity and social support were negatively associated with severe anticipated HIV stigma. ROC curve of the AHSQ showed that the optimal cut-off value of ≥16 could indicate positive anticipated HIV stigma. CONCLUSION The study focuses on the level of anticipated HIV stigma and its psycho-socio influencing factors among HIV-negative/unknown MSM. It provides evidence for implementing relevant psychological interventions to HIV-negative/unknown MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yijin Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fei Yu
- Danlan Public WelfareBeijingChina
| | | | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Xiao W, Liu X, Wang H, Huang Y, Dai Z, Si M, Fu J, Chen X, Jia M, Leng Z, Cui D, Mak WWS, Su X. Prevalence and risk for symptoms of PTSD among survivors of a COVID-19 infection. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115304. [PMID: 37352746 PMCID: PMC10275658 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has profound psychological effects worldwide and the psychological sequelae will persist for a long time among COVID-19 survivors. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence of PTSD and its associated risk factors in COVID-19 survivors of the first wave pandemic. Demographics questionnaire, the Impact of Events Scale-Revised, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Fatigue Scale-14, the Resilience Style Questionnaire, the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale, the Peace of Mind Scale, and the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect relevant information of the participants. The propensity score-matching (PSM) method was employed to adjust covariate or confounding variables in order to derive more accurate conclusions. After PSM, adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined by binary conditional logistic regression. A total of 1541 COVID-19 survivors were included firstly and 15.2% reported PTSD symptoms, 1108 participants left after PSM. Four risk factors were identified: higher severity of COVID-19 infection, fatigue, COVID-19 related stigma and poor sleep quality. When designing psychological interventions to alleviate PTSD symptoms of COVID-19 survivors, reducing stigma and fatigue, and improve their sleep quality are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xiao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwei Dai
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Si
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Diversity and Well-Being Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Vagnini D, Lamperti N, Molgora S, Barile F, Facchin F, Mazza U, Saita E. Mental Health Issues as a Consequence of the Pandemic: Group Psycho-Educational Intervention to Support Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Infection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6105. [PMID: 37372692 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Common psycho-physical symptoms have emerged in patients who were previously recovered for COVID-19 infection, including traumatic experience and enduring emotional disturbances. A group psycho-educational intervention of seven weekly sessions and a follow-up after three months was proposed to all Italian-speaking patients formally discharged from a public hospital in northern Italy and physically recovered from infection. Eighteen patients were recruited and divided into four age-homogenous groups, each led by two facilitators (psychologists and psychotherapists). The group sessions followed a structured format with thematic modules, including main topics, tasks, and homework assignments. Data were collected through recordings and verbatim transcripts. The objectives of the study were twofold: (1) to analyze the emerging themes and gain insight into the significant aspects of the participants' lived experience of COVID-19, and (2) to examine changes in how participants approached these themes throughout the intervention process. Semantic-pragmatic text analyses, specifically thematic analysis of elementary context and correspondence analysis, were conducted using T-LAB software. Linguistic analysis revealed a congruence between the intervention's objectives and the participants' experiences. The study highlighted an evolution in the narratives, as participants transitioned from a passive and concrete perspective on the disease to a more comprehensive cognitive and emotional elaboration of their personal illness stories. These findings hold potential relevance for healthcare services and professionals working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Vagnini
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Lamperti
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Molgora
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Barile
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Mazza
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Saita
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Yan MZ, Yang M, Lai CL. Post-COVID-19 Syndrome Comprehensive Assessment: From Clinical Diagnosis to Imaging and Biochemical-Guided Diagnosis and Management. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020533. [PMID: 36851746 PMCID: PMC9964207 DOI: 10.3390/v15020533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak was first reported in 2019, causing massive morbidity and mortality. The majority of the COVID-19 patients survived and developed Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PC19S) of varying severity. Currently, the diagnosis of PC19S is achieved through history and symptomatology that cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. However, the heavy reliance on subjective reporting is prone to reporting errors. Besides, there is no unified diagnostic assessment tool to classify the clinical severity of patients. This leads to significant difficulties when managing patients in terms of public resource utilization, clinical progression monitorization and rehabilitation plan formulation. This narrative review aims to review current evidence of diagnosis based on triple assessment: clinical symptomatology, biochemical analysis and imaging evidence. Further assessment tools can be developed based on triple assessment to monitor patient's clinical progression, prognosis and intervals of monitoring. It also highlights the high-risk features of patients for closer and earlier monitoring. Rehabilitation programs and related clinical trials are evaluated; however, most of them focus on cardiorespiratory fitness and psychiatric presentations such as anxiety and depression. Further research is required to establish an objective and comprehensive assessment tool to facilitate clinical management and rehabilitation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.Y.); (C.-L.L.)
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ching-Lung Lai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: (M.Z.Y.); (C.-L.L.)
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The association of mindfulness and psychological well-being among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:437-445. [PMID: 36162667 PMCID: PMC9502442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have commonly occurred among COVID-19 patients, whose experiences of infection and subsequent treatment might develop negative consequences on their mental well-being even after recovery. Despite the general recognition of efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing psychological distress among various populations, there were insufficient studies on the relationship between mindfulness and mental health among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. OBJECTIVE The current study aims to identify the prevalence of common mental health challenges among recovered COVID-19 patients in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China and to explore the potential mechanism through which mindfulness alleviate depression and PTSD. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on mental health was conducted among a convenience sample of adults recovered from COVID-19 in Jianghan District, Wuhan, China. The study participants completed questionnaires under the assistance of trained investigators. The questionnaire included Chinese version of Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD-7), Resilience Style Questionnaire (RSQ), Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure mindfulness, anxiety, resilience, PTSD, and depression respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental health outcomes of this population. RESULTS 1541 respondents (654 [42.4 %] men and 887 [57.6 %] women) completed the questionnaire between June 10 and July 25, 2021, of whom 36.2 % and 27.1 % had mild and severe levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively, and 15.2 % was indicated with PTSD. The average score of mindfulness of the study participants was (3.100 ± 0.387), and that of resilience was (3.560 ± 0.877). The structural equation model fit the data well, demonstrating that mindfulness was negatively associated with depressive symptoms directly (β = -0.031, P = 0.021) or indirectly through the mediation effect of resilience (β = -0.019, P = 0.009) and anxiety symptoms (β = -0.208, P < 0.001), and was negatively associated with PTSD through the mediation effect of anxiety symptoms (β = -0.142, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 commonly experienced psychological distress. Mindfulness is associated with alleviation of depressive and PTSD symptoms directly or indirectly. Interventions based on mindfulness are suggested to improve the mental well-being of this population.
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Kang MY, Nan JKM, Yuan Y. Effectiveness of an online short-term audio-based mindfulness program on negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic: Latent growth curve analyses of anxiety and moderated mediation effects of anxiety between mindfulness and negative affect. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36468167 PMCID: PMC9708511 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of a mindfulness-based intervention on negative emotions in community settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 100) were randomized into an intervention group (n = 50) and a waitlist control group (n = 50). Participants in the mindfulness group underwent 3 weeks (21 sessions) of an online audio-based mindfulness-based intervention program and completed the online measures four times whereas those in the waitlist control group needed to complete the measures twice. Participants completed measures of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. The results of the measures of the two groups were compared. Moderated mediation analysis was used to analyze intervention outcomes on negative affect through anxiety. Unconditional quadratic latent growth analysis was used to test the growth trajectories of anxiety. The results showed that this intervention program was effective at improving positive affect and at reducing depression, anxiety, and negative affect. The baseline anxiety moderator was found to be significant, and indirect effects of anxiety post-intervention were found between the mindfulness-based intervention and negative affect. Anxiety levels of participants were not at the same starting point and had similar but non-quadratic growth trajectories. The mindfulness-based intervention program was effective at promoting mental wellbeing and reducing mental problems in community settings in China. Mindfulness practices were beneficial to people with different anxiety levels but had more obvious benefits on anxiety and a negative affect for participants with low anxiety levels. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN16205138 on 26/02/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ying Kang
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua K. M. Nan
- Present Address: Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province China
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Influencing factors of anxiety and depression of discharged COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276608. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study is intended to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and been discharged from hospital (RD hereafter) in Wuhan, China, and to explore the factors associated with these mental disorders.
Methods
Participants of this study were the RD who were infected at the beginning of the outbreak from 13 communities in Jianghan District of Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China by convenience sampling in mid-2021. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Short Version of COVID-19 Stigma Scale, the Peace of Mind Scale, the Resilience Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire were used to collect relevant information of the participants. Descriptive analyses, Pearson correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to describe and analyze the data and to examine the factors associated with the mental health status of this population.
Results
In total, we recruited 1601 participants from 3059 COVID-19 patients, and 1541 participants completed the questionnaire survey, with a response rate of 96.25%. Finally, 1297 participants met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study, of whom 28.8% and 37.9% reported mild to severe levels of anxiety and depression symptoms. Perceived better mental health status during hospitalization, higher frequency of alcohol use per week, peace of mind, higher education level, and resilience were negatively associated with anxiety, while stigma and history of psychological or emotional counseling before infection was positively associated with anxiety. More severe clinical classification of COVID-19 and stigma (AOR = 1.057, P<0.001) were both positively associated with depression, while perceived better mental health status during hospitalization (AOR = 0.564, P<0.001), higher frequency of alcohol use per week (AOR = 0.462, P = 0.004), peace of mind (AOR = 0.857, P<0.001), and social support (AOR = 0.972, P = 0.034) were negatively associated with depression.
Conclusions
Tailored interventions on reducing stigma, enhancing mindfulness and social support should be taken into account to alleviate anxiety and depression among RD.
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Dai Z, Jing S, Wang H, Xiao W, Huang Y, Chen X, Fu J, Pan C, Tang Q, Wang H, Su X. Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health among undergraduate nursing students during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Beijing, China: A randomized controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:949477. [PMID: 36465283 PMCID: PMC9709131 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.949477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of mindfulness intervention on improving mental health among undergraduate nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. METHODS An online mindfulness intervention course named Mindfulness Living With Challenge (MLWC) was developed by the research team, and a randomized controlled trial using MLWC among Chinese undergraduate nursing students was carried out. A total of 120 undergraduate nursing students were randomized into control (60 students) and intervention groups (60 students) via a WeChat mini program. Self-administered questionnaire surveys were conducted at pre- and post-intervention, measuring depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, and perceived social support. After intervention, the acceptance of the online mindfulness course among participants was assessed by employing the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM). RESULTS Among the enrolled 120 participants, 86.67% (52/60) and 93.33% (56/60) of the intervention and control groups remained completed the trial and the questionnaire surveys. Compared with the control group, the reduction of anxiety and stress symptoms, as well as the improvement of mindfulness level and perceived social support in the MLWC intervention group were statistically significant (P < 0.05), while the change in depression was not statistically significant. The scores of the four dimensions in TAM ranged from (5.88 ± 0.94) to (5.91 ± 0.97). CONCLUSION Online mindfulness intervention implemented in this study is effective in improving mental health among undergraduate nursing students, and they were interested in this intervention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2 200058103].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Jing
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Xiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiuping Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyou Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Fernandez MDS, Vieira IS, Silva NRJD, Cardoso TDA, Bielavski CH, Rakovski C, Silva AER. Anxiety symptoms and alcohol abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study with Brazilian dental undergraduate students. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1739-1748. [PMID: 34268733 PMCID: PMC8426754 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study is to assess whether anxiety symptoms are associated with alcohol abuse in Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Method A cross‐sectional study was conducted. A semi‐structured questionnaire addressing the variables of interest was hosted on Google Forms and shared with dental undergraduate students from all Brazilian regions between July 8 and 27, 2020. Alcohol abuse was measured using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye opener (CAGE) questionnaire score of ≥2. All participants responded to the seven‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7). Hierarchical logistic regression was also conducted. Results Among the 1050 students evaluated, 18.7% (n = 196) had a positive screening for alcohol abuse during the pandemic. The prevalence of mild (GAD‐7 = 5–9), moderate (GAD‐7 = 10–14), and severe (GAD‐7 ≥15) anxiety among students were 31.3%, 29.6%, and 24.2%, respectively. The final hierarchical logistic regression model showed that during the COVID‐19 pandemic, anxiety levels predict the likelihood of alcohol abuse among students with moderate (OR 10.05 [95% IC: 4.12–24.52]) or severe (OR 15.82 [95% IC: 6.46–38.73]) anxiety, especially for male students (moderate anxiety: OR 17.06 [95% CI: 8.36–34.78]; severe anxiety: OR 28.38 [95% CI: 8.62–38.24]). Conclusion The prevalence of alcohol abuse and moderate or severe anxiety in Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID‐19 pandemic was high. Male students may be more sensitive to the presence of anxiety symptoms in this period, thus contributing to higher levels of alcohol consumption, in comparison to female students. Intervention strategies that promote the adoption of healthier lifestyles can enable the effective management of anxiety symptoms during the pandemic and thus, hold the potential to reduce exacerbated alcohol intake in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Soares Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Taiane de Azevedo Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Coral Rakovski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Brazil
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