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Isaksson M, Isaksson J, Schwab-Stone M, Ruchkin V. Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and eating disorder symptoms. J Eat Disord 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38212849 PMCID: PMC10785541 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-024-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorder (ED) symptoms have been associated with different types of traumatic events, such as exposure to sexual and physical violence, and emotional abuse. However, the relation between ED symptoms and community violence exposure (CVE) is underexplored, despite the latter's adverse effects on many aspects of adolescent functioning. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between CVE and ED symptoms in adolescents, while also investigating the potential mediating and moderating roles of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, gender, and ethnicity. METHODS Data were collected longitudinally over two consecutive years in the city of New Haven, CT, in the United States. Participants were 2612 adolescent students from the public school system (1397 girls and 1215 boys) with an average age of 12.8 years (SD = 1.29). The students were comprised of several different ethnic groups, including Caucasians, African Americans and Hispanic Americans. Associations between CVE (no exposure, witnessing, and victimization) and PTS symptoms at year one, and ED symptoms (thoughts and compensatory behaviors) at year two, were assessed with self-rating instruments. Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted using a variant of linear regression (Hayes PROCESS macro). RESULTS ED symptoms at year two were significantly associated with both witnessing and being a victim of community violence at year one, with most or all of the relations being explained by PTS symptoms. Overall, neither gender nor ethnicity had a meaningful moderating effect in the observed relations. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the notion that assessing and addressing PTS symptoms might be beneficial when treating individuals with ED symptoms who have experienced community violence, irrespective of gender or ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mary Schwab-Stone
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, S-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.
- Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sala, Sweden.
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Koposov R, Stickley A, Sukhodolsky D, Ruchkin V. Bulimia symptoms and anger and aggression among adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:833. [PMID: 37147644 PMCID: PMC10161674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has indicated that anger and aggression may be elevated in adolescents with a bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis. However, as yet, little is known about whether bulimia symptoms are linked to anger and aggression in adolescents in the general population. To address this deficit this study aimed to explore the associations between a clinical level of bulimia symptoms (CLBS) and anger, anger rumination and aggression in community-based adolescents, and determine whether gender is important in this context. METHODS This study was conducted on a representative sample of youth from northwestern Russia (n = 2613, age 13-17 years old, 59.5% female) using self-report scales. A proxy variable for a CLBS was created using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Aggression, anger and anger rumination were assessed by the Trait Anger Scale of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Anger Rumination Scale, and scales created to assess physically and verbally aggressive behavior. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the associations between the study variables. RESULTS A CLBS was more prevalent in girls than in boys (13.4% vs. 3.5%). The association with anger and aggression was stronger in both genders with a CLBS, compared to those adolescents without a CLBS. In the CLBS group, boys as compared to girls scored higher on verbal and physical aggression, anger rumination and social aggression. In both the CLBS and Non-CLBS groups higher anger and aggression scores were associated with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that aggression and anger rumination are elevated in adolescents with BN symptoms, and that the associations between anger, aggression and BN symptoms may be stronger in boys. As previous research has indicated that the presence of aggressive behaviors may affect the prognosis of BN and complicate management of the disorder, clinician screening for these behaviors in adolescents with BN symptoms may facilitate the provision of more effective treatment, especially among boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Denis Sukhodolsky
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, S-751 85, Sweden.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Sala Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Sala, Sweden.
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Deng Y, Cherian J, Khan NUN, Kumari K, Sial MS, Comite U, Gavurova B, Popp J. Family and Academic Stress and Their Impact on Students' Depression Level and Academic Performance. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:869337. [PMID: 35782431 PMCID: PMC9243415 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.869337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research examines the impact of academic and familial stress on students' depression levels and the subsequent impact on their academic performance based on Lazarus' cognitive appraisal theory of stress. The non-probability convenience sampling technique has been used to collect data from undergraduate and postgraduate students using a modified questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale. This study used the SEM method to examine the link between stress, depression, and academic performance. It was confirmed that academic and family stress leads to depression among students, negatively affecting their academic performance and learning outcomes. This research provides valuable information to parents, educators, and other stakeholders concerned about their childrens' education and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Daqing Normal University, Daqing, China
- School of Marxism, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jacob Cherian
- College of Business, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Un Nisa Khan
- Faculty of Business Administration, Iqra University Karachi Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kalpina Kumari
- Faculty of Department of Business Administration, Greenwich University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar Sial
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ubaldo Comite
- Department of Business Sciences, University Giustino Fortunato, Benevento, Italy
| | - Beata Gavurova
- Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - József Popp
- Hungarian National Bank–Research Center, John von Neumann University, Kecskemét, Hungary
- College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Levine MP. Prevention of eating disorders: 2021 in review. Eat Disord 2022; 30:121-143. [PMID: 35167430 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2022.2030882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review of 19 prevention-related publications in Eating Disorders during 2021 is framed by four models: (1) Mental Health Intervention Spectrum: health promotion → types of prevention → case identification/referral → treatment; (2) the prevention cycle: rationale and theory, shaped by critical reviews → clarifying risk and protective factors → program innovation and feasibility studies → efficacy and effectiveness research → program dissemination; (3) links between disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (EDs); and (4) Kraemer and Jacobi's criteria for variable, causal risk factors (RFs). Twelve articles demonstrated the strengths and limitations of cross-sectional investigations of RFs for DE and EDs: five explored the role of trauma in activating genetic and psychological RFs (e.g., anxiety and experiential avoidance), while five suggest other variables meriting further evaluation: ergogenic supplement use, "feeling fat," internalized weight bias, food insecurity, and compulsive exercising. One article presents a pilot program that reduced risk factors in a high-risk group: professional ballerinas. Implications of the absence of efficacy, effectiveness, dissemination, and advocacy studies, along with the need to develop tailored programs for various high-risk groups, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Levine
- Department of Psychology (emeritus), Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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Koposov RA, Stickley A, Ruchkin V. Bulimia Symptoms in Russian Youth: Prevalence and Association With Internalizing Problems. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:797388. [PMID: 35126206 PMCID: PMC8811208 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.797388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been limited research on bulimia symptoms in adolescents from the general population outside the United States. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bulimia symptoms in Russian youth and explore the associations between a clinical level of self-reported probable bulimia nervosa (BN) and internalizing problems, binge drinking and functional impairment by gender. METHODS Data were collected from a representative sample of school students (N = 2,515, 59.5% female) from Northern Russia [age M (SD) = 14.89 ± 1.13 years]. Probable BN and internalizing psychopathology were assessed using self-report scales. Chi-square and independent sample t-tests were used to compare respondents' demographic characteristics and disordered eating behaviors. GLM multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess the associations between probable BN, functional impairment and mental health problems (MHP) by gender. RESULTS Analyses showed that the 3-month prevalence of probable BN was higher in girls (3.9%) than in boys (1.2%). Probable BN was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, somatic anxiety, somatic complaints, binge drinking and functional impairment. Boys reported a higher level of problem scores in relation to probable BN. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bulimia symptoms are prevalent in Russian adolescents and are associated with MHP and functional impairment. Timely recognition of bulimia symptoms and associated MHP is important for early prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Koposov
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Child Study Center, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT, United States
- Säter Forensic Psychiatric Clinic, Säter, Sweden
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