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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Dietary diversity among women with depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms in Nepal. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17688. [PMID: 39085309 PMCID: PMC11291684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine whether there was any correlation between the dietary diversity score and symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in Nepali women who were of reproductive age. In a national cross-sectional population-based survey of women (15-49 years) (N = 7442) in Nepal, MDD was assessed with the PHQ-9 and GAD with the GAD-7, and dietary diversity with a 24 h food consumption recall of 10 food groups. Multinominal and logistic regression were used to estimate predictors of MDD and GAD symptoms. The prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe MDD symptoms was 15.7% and 5.4%, respectively, and the prevalence of mild and moderate-to-severe GAD symptoms was 20.8% and 7.5%, respectively. The overall dietary diversity mean score was 4.66 (SD = 1.67). In the final multivariable model, adjusted for relevant confounders, dietary diversity was inversely associated with moderate-to-severe MDD symptoms (Adjusted Incidence Risk Ratios-AIRR: 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97), and with moderate-to-severe GAD symptoms (AIRR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80-0.92). Furthermore, in the fully adjusted regression model, pulses (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.98) and Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (AOR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.94) were inversely associated with MDD symptoms. In addition, Vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI 0.43-0.75), dairy (AOR: 0.80, 95% CI 0.67-0.97), and pulses (AOR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.85) were inversely associated with GAD symptoms. Dietary diversity was inversely associated MDD and GAD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
- Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Health Education and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Srivastava S, Khan MS, Ahmad S, Dubey A, Saxena VL, Haneef M. Identification of putative antiviral bioactive compounds derived from family Asteraceae: An in silico approach. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30538. [PMID: 38369774 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This computational study investigates 21 bioactive compounds from the Asteraceae family as potential inhibitors targeting the Spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV-2. Employing in silico methods and simulations, particularly CDOCKER and MM-GBSA, the study identifies two standout compounds, pterodontic acid and cichoric acid, demonstrating robust binding affinities (-46.1973 and -39.4265 kcal/mol) against the S protein. Comparative analysis with Favipiravir underscores their potential as promising inhibitors. Remarkably, these bioactives exhibit favorable ADMET properties, suggesting safety and efficacy. Molecular dynamics simulations validate their stability and interactions, signifying their potential as effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- Computational Chemistry and Drug Discovery Division, Quanta Calculus, Greater Noida, India
| | - Vijay Laxmi Saxena
- Sir Asutosh Mookerjee Fellow, Indian Science Congress Association, Kolkata, India
| | - Mohammad Haneef
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Pool M, Sorsdahl K, Myers B, van der Westhuizen C. The prevalence of and factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in South Africa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299584. [PMID: 38451982 PMCID: PMC10919616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers globally have experienced increased social and occupational stressors in their working environments and communities because of COVID-19 which has increased the risk of mental health concerns. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety amongst healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Western Cape, South Africa. In addition, role-related stressors and coping strategies were explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors and nurses working in public healthcare facilities across the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), the Professional Quality of Life (PROQL-R-IV), and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE-R) scales. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The sample comprised 416 health workers (303 nurses, 113 doctors). Almost 40% of the sample (n = 161) had CES-D scores suggestive of probable depression, and 45.9% (n = 186) had GAD-7 scores suggestive of anxiety. In the logistic regression model, the odds of probable depression were higher for female participants compared to men (OR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.00-5.10) and for participants who used behavioural disengagement as a coping strategy (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.14-1.97). More time spent working with COVID patients was associated with increased odds of having high levels of anxiety [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.02-1.25). Substance use (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.81), venting (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.01-1.70), and self-blame (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87) were some of the coping strategies used by healthcare workers. High levels of secondary traumatic stress and burnout were found to increase the odds of both depression and anxiety. CONCLUSION Findings of this study suggest that there is a high prevalence of mental health issues among healthcare workers, and a critical need to focus on workplace mental health interventions to support these frontline workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Pool
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Katherine Sorsdahl
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Mental Health, Alcohol, Substance Use and Tobacco Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Claire van der Westhuizen
- Alan J. Flisher Centre for Public Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shah B, Mahapatra A, Singh UN, Mishra V, Daha SK, Pande R, Neupane MR, Banjade A, Khatik CB, K. C. TB, Mandal RK, Pokharel S, Gupta R, G. C. KB. Internalized stigma related to COVID-19 and its psychosocial and mental health correlates: a multicentric health facility based observational study from Nepal. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1276369. [PMID: 38419690 PMCID: PMC10900515 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1276369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to physical and psychological complications and social consequences in the form of illness-related stigma. This study aimed (1) to assess the sociodemographic and clinical variable, as well as COVID-19 related knowledge and perception of persons admitted for COVID-19/Suspected COVID-19 in Nepal, (2) to determine their levels of COVID-19- related internalized stigma, depression, and anxiety symptoms, and (3) to evaluate the correlates of COVID-19- related internalized stigma. Materials and methods It was a cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample of 395 participants (306 confirmed cases, 89 suspected cases) conducted between July-October 2020 in four health facilities in Madhesh and Lumbini provinces of Nepal. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic details, clinical information, COVID-19-related knowledge, perception, COVID-19-related internalized stigma, and the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in Nepali language. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results Around 23.3% of the patients had anxiety symptoms, 32.9% had depressive symptoms, and 20.3% had high COVID-19-related internalized stigma (mean ISMI score: 2.51-4.00). Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive association of COVID-19-related internalized stigma total score, with the following eight factors, i.e., no income in the past one month (p = 0.013), below average socioeconomic status (p = 0.004), anxiety symptoms (p = <0.001), depressive symptoms (p = <0.001), recent testing positive for COVID-19 (p = <0.001), involuntary admission (p = <0.001), prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine (p = 0.045), and those who blame others for COVID-19 (p = 0.025). Conclusion COVID-19 survivors and suspects are vulnerable to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and COVID-19-related internalized stigma. For the first time from Nepal, our data suggests that COVID-19-related internalized stigma is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, perceived below-average socioeconomic status, involuntary admission, prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine, recent COVID-19 positive report, self-blame, below-average socioeconomic status and no income in the past one month. Mitigating and preventing internalized stigma associated with a public health crisis such as COVID-19 is imperative by diagnosing and treating such mental health issues early and designing interventions and policies especially targeting vulnerable populations focusing on their economic background and socio-cultural beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigya Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Patan Hospital, Patan, Nepal
| | - Ananya Mahapatra
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vilok Mishra
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Rajan Pande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bheri Hospital, Nepalgunj, Nepal
| | | | - Anita Banjade
- Department of Pediatrics, Suny downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | | | | | | | - Samjhana Pokharel
- Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI), Jagaran Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Krishna Bahadur G. C.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Patan Hospital, Patan, Nepal
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Aryal R, Rajbanshi M, Pokhrel S, Regmi S, Mali P, Baskota S. Help-seeking behaviour towards anxiety among undergraduate students of Nepal: a web-based cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:146-152. [PMID: 38222717 PMCID: PMC10783325 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma among mental disorders like anxiety has been identified as an important barrier in help-seeking by national policymakers. Anxiety disorders are quite common among college students, and their severity and prevalence are growing. This study aimed to assess help-seeking behavior (HSB) towards anxiety among undergraduate students of Kathmandu University (KU). Methodology A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 undergraduate students. General Help-Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ) tool was used to assess HSB. Frequencies, percentages, mean, and Standard Deviation were calculated to assess the characteristics of the participants. Factors associated with HSB were examined using Chi-Square test. Pearson correlation was determined to find out the association between professional and informal sources for seeking help. All the tests were carried out at the statistically significant level at a P-value of 0.05. Results The mean (±SD) age was 20.3±1.1 years in this study. This study demonstrated that 36.5 and 17.5% of the participants were extremely likely to seek help from parents and psychiatrists towards anxiety, respectively. Sex (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3) was significantly associated with parents, education was significantly associated with parents (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.6), and friends (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9), meanwhile, ethnicity (OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.4-0.9), and residence (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) were significantly associated with psychiatrists and psychologists for help-seeking behavior, respectively. Fear of criticism (34.1%) and stigma (20.3%) were the main reasons for not seeking help among the participants. The maximum number of participants (41.5%) preferred to seek help immediately if they ever experienced anxiety. This study showed professional and informal sources were positively correlated with anxiety (rpi=0.3) at a P-value <0.05. Conclusion This study showed that students preferred to seek help from informal sources rather than professional sources. In addition, there is still stigma and fear among students regarding mental health. This study suggests that there is a need to have psychosocial intervention at colleges and educational institutions in order to promote professional help-seeking for any mental disorders including anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aryal
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
| | - Manish Rajbanshi
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Sushma Pokhrel
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
| | - Sushama Regmi
- Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Prajita Mali
- Kathmandu University- School of Medical Sciences, Nepal
| | - Swechhya Baskota
- Department of Public Health, Om Health Campus, Purbanchal University, Nepal
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Paudel R, Khadka S, Rai J, Singh R. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown among the population involved in tourism sector in Lakeside of Pokhara: A qualitative study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1382. [PMID: 37396562 PMCID: PMC10313908 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a substantial influence on every sector of people's lives worldwide, including Nepal. The tourism industry is not exceptional. Lakeside Pokhara is one of the country's major tourist hubs and relies both on national and international visitors. The people residing in this area who depend on tourism-related businesses to regulate their daily living faced numerous stressors and psychological impacts due to the pandemic. This study aimed to explore the COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors and their psychological impact among people dependent on the tourism business in the Lakeside of Pokhara, located in the Gandaki Province of Nepal. Method Via the qualitative approach, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect the data from 20 individuals related to tourism business stakeholders in Lakeside of Pokhara. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. Results The study found business-related stressors among the people dependent on the tourism businesses, and these stressors were found to increase the experiences of psychological issues, including suicidal ideation. The pandemic has not only affected their economy but has also had an impact on their personal, familial, and social life. However, to combat the problems most of the study participants were found to be utilizing positive coping mechanisms, whereas some respondents were observed to consume more alcohol as a negative coping strategy. Conclusions People indulging in the tourism sectors were at greater risk of vulnerability in the future pandemic. Tourism business stakeholders struggled to combat the numerous stressors and psychological impacts carried out by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Therefore, there is a growing need for government bodies to implement favorable business-related policies, and Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) related programs to these stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Paudel
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
| | | | - Jeetendra Rai
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization NepalKathmanduNepal
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Green J, Berdahl CT, Ye X, Wertheimer JC. The impact of positive reinforcement on teamwork climate, resiliency, and burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic: The TEAM-ICU (Transforming Employee Attitudes via Messaging strengthens Interconnection, Communication, and Unity) pilot study. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:267-278. [PMID: 35723168 PMCID: PMC9982400 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Burnout is an internationally recognized occupational phenomenon that negatively impacts the healthcare workforce and its recipients. The aim of this pilot study was to test whether positive reinforcement and integrating a language of support among co-workers can enhance resiliency, facilitate psychological wellness, and encourage hope. This embedded mixed methods prospective, behavioral, interventional study evaluated the effects of positive feedback on wellness among intensive care unit clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in a single center, quaternary care medical center. The deliberate positive feedback paradigm has the potential to augment resiliency and improve attitudes toward a teamwork climate. The routine use of deliberate positivity may represent a scalable, low-cost initiative to enhance wellness in a healthcare organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Ye
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA
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Abd El-Aziz NM, Khalifa I, Darwish AMG, Badr AN, Aljumayi H, Hafez ES, Shehata MG. Docking Analysis of Some Bioactive Compounds from Traditional Plants against SARS-CoV-2 Target Proteins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092662. [PMID: 35566014 PMCID: PMC9100219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is still a global pandemic that has not been stopped. Many traditional medicines have been demonstrated to be incredibly helpful for treating COVID-19 patients while fighting the disease worldwide. We introduced 10 bioactive compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants and assessed their potential for inhibiting viral spike protein (S-protein), Papain-like protease (PLpro), and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) using molecular docking protocols where we simulate the inhibitors bound to target proteins in various poses and at different known binding sites using Autodock version 4.0 and Chimera 1.8.1 software. Results found that the chicoric acid, quinine, and withaferin A ligand strongly inhibited CoV-2 S -protein with a binding energy of -8.63, -7.85, and -7.85 kcal/mol, respectively. Our modeling work also suggested that curcumin, quinine, and demothoxycurcumin exhibited high binding affinity toward RdRp with a binding energy of -7.80, -7.80, and -7.64 kcal/mol, respectively. The other ligands, namely chicoric acid, demothoxycurcumin, and curcumin express high binding energy than the other tested ligands docked to PLpro with -7.62, -6.81, and -6.70 kcal/mol, respectively. Prediction of drug-likeness properties revealed that all tested ligands have no violations to Lipinski's Rule of Five except cepharanthine, chicoric acid, and theaflavin. Regarding the pharmacokinetic behavior, all ligand predicted to have high GI-absorption except chicoric acid and theaflavin. At the same way chicoric acid, withaferin A, and withanolide D predicted to be substrate for multidrug resistance protein (P-gp substrate). Caffeic acid, cepharanthine, chicoric acid, withaferin A, and withanolide D also have no inhibitory effect on any cytochrome P450 enzymes. Promisingly, chicoric acid, quinine, curcumin, and demothoxycurcumin exhibited high binding affinity on SARS-CoV-2 target proteins and expressed good drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. Further research is required to investigate the potential uses of these compounds in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M. Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (A.M.G.D.); (M.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Amira M. G. Darwish
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (A.M.G.D.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Ahmed N. Badr
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Huda Aljumayi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - El-Sayed Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed G. Shehata
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt; (A.M.G.D.); (M.G.S.)
- Food Research Section, R&D Division, Abu Dhabi Agriculture and Food Safety Authority (ADAFSA), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 52150, United Arab Emirates
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Psychological Distress and COVID-19 Related Anxiety among Malaysian Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084590. [PMID: 35457456 PMCID: PMC9024897 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of COVID-19 outbreaks and nationwide lockdown led to an increased prevalence of psychological distress among the population, especially women, as they have to cope with greater family and work demands. We aimed to identify the factors contributing to psychological distress among Malaysian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2020 and April 2021, in a teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among women, which consisted of (1) Participant’s demographics, (2) COVID-19 knowledge and awareness, (3) Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), and (4) COVID-19-related anxiety. Chi-square test and univariate analysis were performed to determine the significant factors associated with psychological distress. The mean scores for knowledge, COVID-19 anxiety, and DASS-21 subcomponents were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A total of three hundred and thirty-eight women completed the survey. The majority of respondents demonstrated adequate knowledge (95.6%) on COVID-19. The proportion of our women who reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were 17.2%, 25.1%, and 0.9%, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of psychological distress of 27.8%. Low education level (p = 0.017), unemployment (p = 0.028), loss of income (p = 0.033), and hospital admission for surgical procedures (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a higher psychological burden. A greater level of COVID-19 anxiety was found among Malays (p = 0.027), pregnant women (p = 0.013), and those who suffered a loss of income (p = 0.038) during this pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on women’s psychological wellbeing, especially those from the lower socio-economic background. Therefore, adequate information, as well as support, must be provided to the vulnerable groups during the ongoing pandemic, to lessen their psychological burden.
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Marciano H, Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Adini B. Hope and Fear of Threats as Predictors of Coping with Two Major Adversities, the COVID-19 Pandemic and an Armed Conflict. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031123. [PMID: 35162144 PMCID: PMC8834741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coping with adversities has been explained by two major theories: the fear appeal theory and the hope theory. The predictability of hope with that of fear of threats as variables explaining coping with two major adversities, the COVID-19 pandemic and an armed conflict, was compared. Participants were approached via an internet panel company in two different times: (1) January 2021 (N = 699; age range: 18–82; 330 women), during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel and (2) May 2021 (N = 647; age range: 19–83; 297 women), during an armed conflict between Israel and Hamas. Participants self-reported on hope, four perceived threats (health, economics, security, and political), well-being, individual resilience, societal resilience, and distress symptoms (anxiety and depression symptoms) were collected. Hope was found as a more consistent and stronger predictor of the following expressions of coping: well-being, individual and societal resilience, depression, and anxiety. It can be concluded that hope is a better and more consistent predictor of coping, as well as coping suppressing expressions, compared with fear of threats, in the face of the current adversities. The innovative nature of these findings, the importance of hope as a coping supporter, and the need for replicating these innovative results are discussed and elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.)
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel;
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Pokharel R, Shah T, Lama S, Karki A, Shrestha E. Psychosocial responses to COVID-19 among nurses in two hospitals: a mixed method study at Eastern Nepal. J Ment Health 2022; 31:551-559. [PMID: 34983289 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most documented studies have focused on mental health status of health care workers during the pandemic but there are very few studies, focusing on mitigation of mental health problems among nurses. AIM To study psychosocial responses to COVID-19 and the effectiveness of intervention among nurses. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-method study was conducted, including 278 nurses from two COVID-19 hospitals of the province by purposive sampling. Depression, anxiety and stress and a composite measure of personal financial burden scales for quantitative; and interview guide for qualitative data were used. A psychosocial strengthening session was introduced and the effectiveness of the program was assessed after 4-5 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Mild, moderate and severe depression was found among 13.7%, 9.4% and 1.1% of the participants correspondingly. Mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe anxiety was found among 21.2%, 8.6%, 3.2% and 2.2% of the participants respectively. Stress was mild among 9% and moderate in 1.4% of the participants. Lack of PPE and fear of transmitting infection were found as frequent causes of problems. Mean scores of depression, anxiety and stress were significantly decreased after the psychosocial strengthening program. CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety and stress are common issues of nurses. Common causes of problems were lack of resources, fear of being infected and fear of transmitting to family members. The psychosocial strengthening program was effective in reducing the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pokharel
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tara Shah
- Department of Community Health Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Sami Lama
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
| | | | - Erina Shrestha
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal
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Basnet BB, Satyal D, Pandit R, Basnet TB, Khattri S, Mishra SK. Knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online based survey. INQUIRY: THE JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION, AND FINANCING 2022; 59:469580221082783. [PMID: 35349352 PMCID: PMC8968434 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221082783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite several attempts to control COVID-19, there was a continuous rise in the number of cases, and this has left questions unanswered on the availability of health resources in Nepal. Here, we tried to assess the level of knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff. Methods An online survey was conducted in February 2021. A total of 301 completely filled responses were used to assess knowledge, practice and psychological distress. R-language software was used for data analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the total 301 respondents, 180 (59.8%) were male and 121 (40.2%) were female. The average score of knowledge obtained in this study was 32.4 ± 5.7 on a 56-point scale. Knowledge level was significantly different among age-groups (p-value – 0.034). The average practice score obtained was 2.25 ± 0.91 on a 4-point scale. More than one psychological distress symptom was observed in nearly half (41.5%) of the participants. Conclusion We conclude that medical laboratory staff in Nepal has satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice and, larger number of them has psychological distress. The study recommends further improvement in an effective information flow system, regular training, social security and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa Satyal
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshan Pandit
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Little Buddha College of Health Science, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ranjitkar S, Strand TA, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Schwinger C, Chandyo RK, Shrestha L, Hysing M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on daily life and worry among mothers in Bhaktapur, Nepal. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000278. [PMID: 36962236 PMCID: PMC10022233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of daily life worldwide, but the impact may be higher for impoverished populations. The main aim of this study is to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on different aspects of daily life in mothers in Nepal. We included 493 mothers of children aged 54-71 months participating in a randomized controlled trial on vitamin B12 supplementation. Mothers answered questions regarding the exposure and impact of the pandemic on their daily lives, and pandemic-related worries and sleep problems. We examined the extent to which worry, and sleep problems differed between mothers according to their exposure to COVID-19, socioeconomic status, and previous symptoms of depression. The mean age (SD) of the mothers was 32.3 (4.6) years and 54% had education below the secondary level. Of the mothers, 5.4% had either been exposed to someone who had tested positive or who had a family member with COVID-19. One-third of the participants responded that the pandemic had affected their economic situation, employment, and family life to a great deal. Both mothers and fathers with educational levels above 10 years or households with higher socioeconomic status had significantly higher average worry scores (maternal p = 0.020 and paternal p = 0.005). Mothers with a history of symptoms of depression had significantly more worry-related sleep problems during the pandemic (p = 0.020) than those without a history of depressive symptoms. Our study underlines the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diverse aspects of everyday life of mothers in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ranjitkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Tor A Strand
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Catherine Schwinger
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Marciano H, Adini B. Components of Unrealistic Optimism of College Students: The Case of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:763581. [PMID: 34966325 PMCID: PMC8711557 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.763581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
College students are among the most strongly affected populations by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic because of uncertainty regarding academic success, future careers, and social life during their study period. Their mental health and behavior may dramatically be impacted. The study examined an unrealistic optimism of Israeli college students in assessing the health, security, and economic risks during the pandemic, and the contributions of these perceived risks to the prediction of psychological coping responses, such as well-being, and coping suppressing response of anxiety, expressed during this pandemic. Using social networks, a questionnaire was disseminated to students during the third lockdown that was implemented in Israel because of the pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived threats, resilience, well-being, hope, and morale were measured using a structured quantitative questionnaire. First, we hypothesized that the three perceived risks would be inversely rated, so perceived health risk would be rated lowest, and perceived economic risk would be rated highest. The second and third hypotheses claimed that psychological coping responses articulated along this pandemic would be predicted by all these perceived risks, as well as the observance of pandemic precaution rules. The fourth hypothesis suggested that the three investigated perceived risks will positively and significantly correlate with each other. The results generally supported the hypotheses and indicated that the unrealistic optimism process was employed quite consistently by the participating students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel-Hai College, Tel-Hai, Israel
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), The Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Tamrakar P, Pant SB, Acharya SP. Anxiety and depression among nurses in COVID and non-COVID intensive care units. Nurs Crit Care 2021; 28:272-280. [PMID: 34580949 PMCID: PMC8662271 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontline nurses dealing with the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic face various mental health challenges ranging from excessive stress and anxiety to severe depression. AIMS To study the comparative prevalence of anxiety and depression, and their contributing factors, between nurses working in intensive care units (ICU) with COVID-19 patients (COVID ICU) and nurses working in ICU with patients admitted for other reasons (non-COVID ICU). DESIGN Quantitative comparative cross-sectional study. METHODS All frontline nurses working in COVID and non-COVID ICUs at a tertiary care university hospital in Nepal were included. The data were collected using Google Forms. The groups were evaluated and compared in terms of various relevant variables with self-designed socio-demographic questionnaire, the validated Nepali version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). RESULTS The response rate was 100%. Of the 99 nurses who met the inclusion criteria, three were excluded. Out of the 96 nurses included, psychiatric caseness was present in 82 (85.4%). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of psychiatric caseness, anxiety, and depression between the COVID ICU and non-COVID ICU nurses (caseness of 90.4% vs 79.5%, P = .134; anxiety of 36.5% vs 27.3%, P = .587; and depression of 21.2% vs 9.1%, P = .214, respectively). Among the factors that could potentially lead to psychiatric caseness, anxiety, and depression, statistically significant differences were observed only in relation to sleep disturbances, confidence in caring for patients with COVID-19 and intentions to discontinue current job, all being significantly higher in COVID ICU nurses. CONCLUSION Anxiety and depression are common in nurses working in both the COVID and non-COVID ICUs, although the difference is not statistically significant. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Early assessment of anxiety and depression in nurses working in all ICUs and their active medical and behavioural interventions are important in protecting this vital work force dealing with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sagun Ballav Pant
- Department of PsychiatryTribhuvan University Teaching HospitalKathmanduNepal
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Telepsychiatry during the second wave of COVID-19 in Nepal: Current initiatives, prospects, and challenges. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 63:102766. [PMID: 34274628 PMCID: PMC9760345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Eshel Y, Kimhi S, Marciano H, Adini B. Morale and Perceived Threats as Predictors of Psychological Coping with Distress in Pandemic and Armed Conflict Times. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168759. [PMID: 34444505 PMCID: PMC8391374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated predictors of psychological coping with adversity responses during the COVID-19 pandemic and an armed conflict. Two paired samples that represented the Israeli population that was exposed to both adversities were compared. Respondents rated five different psychological coping responses associated with the two adversities, such as anxiety or individual resilience. Perceived security, pandemic, economic, and political risks, as well as level of morale, were rated. Two major findings were disclosed by two path analyses. Morale improved the predictions of the varied coping responses in both the pandemic and conflict and was the best predictor of four out of five responses and the second-best predictor of the fifth response. Contrary to previous studies, our findings revealed that the concept of a single major predictor of coping responses under distress is an overgeneralization. In both cases, the coping responses were better explained by other perceived risks rather than by the risk of the investigated adversity. Rather than assume that a perceived security threat accounts for low levels of public moods, it is vital to study the antecedents of coping responses and to empirically examine additional potential predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanan Eshel
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.); (H.M.)
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), The Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Shaul Kimhi
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.); (H.M.)
| | - Hadas Marciano
- Stress and Resilience Research Center, Tel Hai College, Tel Hai 1220800, Israel; (Y.E.); (S.K.); (H.M.)
- The Institute of Information Processing and Decision Making (IIPDM), The Ergonomics and Human Factors Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139601, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-6407391
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Dule A. Psychological Distress Among Ethiopian Pregnant Women During COVID-19: Negative Correlation with Self-Efficacy. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:1001-1010. [PMID: 34267564 PMCID: PMC8275194 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s317961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the onset of coronavirus disease 2019, the mental health of individuals has been negatively affected, especially among vulnerable groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the association of psychological distress with self-efficacy and other correlates among Ethiopian pregnant women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 384 pregnant women from August 1 to 15, 2020. Pandemic-related psychological distress was measured by the Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R). Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), generalized self-efficacy scale (GSES), and fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S) were employed to examine independent variables. A consecutive sampling technique was employed and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Categorical variables were presented in terms of frequencies and percentages; and mean with SD was employed to express continuous variables. Multiple regressions were performed; and for statistical significance, p < 0.05 and 95% CI were considered. RESULTS The participants had 31.3 (SD±7.7) mean age and those participants between the ages of 25-34 were dominant. The mean score of IES-R scale was 45.1 (±17.4) indicating severe psychological distress. The IES-R mean score for primiparous women was significantly higher than the mean score of multiparous women. Psychological distress has a strong positive correlation with symptoms of anxiety, depression and fear of COVID-19. In contrast, a negative relationship was found between psychological distress and participants' self-efficacy. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the current pandemic has imposed severe psychological distress among pregnant women. The presence of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and pandemic-related fears were identified as positive predictors. In contrast, better self-efficacy of the pregnant women was linked to lower psychological distress. For health-care professionals, broadening the focus and collaboration among service-delivering units are important in halting undesirable outcomes of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Dule
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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