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Tran T, Nguyen H, Shochet I, Nguyen N, La N, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Fisher J. Coping Self-Efficacy and Thoughts of Self-Harm Among Adolescents in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:1022-1034. [PMID: 37837377 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2265444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the effect of coping self-efficacy on thoughts of self-harm among adolescents attending high school in Hanoi, Vietnam. Longitudinal data were collected using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale among 552 Year 10 students. The prevalence of thoughts of death and/or self-injury on at least 1 day in the past week was 16.9% at baseline and 14.5% at 8-month follow-up. When baseline coping self-efficacy was greater by one standard deviation, the odds of having thoughts of self-harm at follow-up were reduced by 42%. Our findings suggest that school-based programs that aim to strengthen coping strategies may be useful in preventing self-harm among adolescents.
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Tran TD, Nguyen H, Shochet I, Nguyen N, La N, Wurfl A, Orr J, Nguyen H, Stocker R, Fisher J. School-based universal mental health promotion intervention for adolescents in Vietnam: Two-arm, parallel, controlled trial. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2023; 10:e69. [PMID: 38024797 PMCID: PMC10643236 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2023.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Happy House, a universal school-based programme, in reducing adolescents' depressive symptoms and improving their mental well-being, coping self-efficacy and school connectedness. This was a school-based, two-arm parallel controlled trial. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Data were collected at recruitment, and at 2 weeks and 6 months post-intervention. Mixed-effect models were conducted to estimate the effects of the intervention on the outcomes. A total of 1,084 students were recruited. At 2 weeks post-intervention, the effect size on depressive symptoms was 0.11 (p = 0.011) and the odds of having clinically significant depressive symptoms were lower in the intervention compared to the control (0.56, p = 0.027). Both of these were no longer significant at 6 months post-intervention. Psychological well-being mean scores in the intervention were significantly higher than in the control at 2 weeks post-intervention (effect size 0.13). Coping self-efficacy mean scores were significantly higher in the intervention group at both 2-week and 6-month post-intervention (effect sizes from 0.17 to 0.26). Data support the potential of Happy House to reduce the prevalence of adolescent mental health problems and to promote positive mental health in the school context in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Duc Tran
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ian Shochet
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nga La
- Department of Health Promotion, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Astrid Wurfl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jayne Orr
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hau Nguyen
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ruby Stocker
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Global and Women’s Health, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Swanepoel I, Crafford G, Geyer S, Marcus TS. A pre-experimental design evaluation of brief harm reduction interventions to improve coping self-efficacy of carers of people with substance use disorder. Harm Reduct J 2023; 20:76. [PMID: 37322440 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-023-00811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the rise in the number of people living with a substance use disorder (SUD) carries a multitude of individual and social health implications for carers and their families, often impacting negatively on their quality of life. Considered from a harm reduction approach, SUD is understood as a chronic protracted, complex health and social condition. From the extant literature, there is no evidence of the harm reduction approach being applied to address the needs of carers/family members who carry the burden of SUD care. This study preliminarily evaluated the Care4Carers Programme. It is a purposively designed set of brief interventions to improve the coping self-efficacy of carers of people with SUD (PwSUD carers) by equipping them to think about ways to exert control over their motivation, behaviours and social environment. METHODS A pre-experimental, one group pretest-posttest design was implemented with 15 purposively selected participants in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The intervention was conducted by the lead researcher, a registered social worker. Eight brief intervention sessions were held, over 5-6 weeks at research sites where the participants were identified. The coping self-efficacy scale was completed before and directly after exposure to the programme. Results were analysed using paired t-tests. RESULTS There were statistically significant (p < .05) improvements in carers' coping self-efficacy, both overall and in respect of each of its constituent components: problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and social support strategies. CONCLUSIONS The Care4Carers Programme improved the coping self-efficacy of carers of people living with SUDs. The application of this programmatic harm reduction intervention to support PwSUD carers should be tested on a larger scale across South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Swanepoel
- Department of Social Work and Criminology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Gretel Crafford
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stephan Geyer
- Department of Social Work and Criminology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tessa S Marcus
- COPC Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Melia R, Francis K, Duggan J, Bogue J, O'Sullivan M, Young K, Chambers D, McInerney SJ, O'Dea E, Bernert R. Using a Safety Planning Mobile App to Address Suicidality in Young People Attending Community Mental Health Services in Ireland: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e44205. [PMID: 36809171 PMCID: PMC9993232 DOI: 10.2196/44205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 700,000 people die by suicide annually, making it the fourth leading cause of death among those aged 15-29 years globally. Safety planning is recommended best practice when individuals at risk of suicide present to health services. A safety plan, developed in collaboration with a health care practitioner, details the steps to be taken in an emotional crisis. SafePlan, a safety planning mobile app, was designed to support young people experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors and to record their plan in a way that is accessible immediately and in situ. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the SafePlan mobile app for patients experiencing suicidal thoughts and behaviors and their clinicians within Irish community mental health services, examine the feasibility of study procedures for both patients and clinicians, and determine if the SafePlan condition yields superior outcomes when compared with the control condition. METHODS A total of 80 participants aged 16-35 years accessing Irish mental health services will be randomized (1:1) to receive the SafePlan app plus treatment as usual or treatment as usual plus a paper-based safety plan. The feasibility and acceptability of the SafePlan app and study procedures will be evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The primary outcomes are feasibility outcomes and include the acceptability of the app to participants and clinicians, the feasibility of delivery in this setting, recruitment, retention, and app use. The feasibility and acceptability of the following measures in a full randomized controlled trial will also be assessed: the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, and Client Service Receipt Inventory. A repeated measures design with outcome data collected at baseline, post intervention (8 weeks), and at 6-month follow-up will be used to compare changes in suicidal ideation for the intervention condition relative to the waitlist control condition. A cost-outcome description will also be undertaken. Thematic analyses will be used to analyze the qualitative data gathered through semistructured interviews with patients and clinicians. RESULTS As of January 2023, funding and ethics approval have been acquired, and clinician champions across mental health service sites have been established. Data collection is expected to commence by April 2023. The submission of completed manuscript is expected by April 2025. CONCLUSIONS The framework for Decision-making after Pilot and feasibility Trials will inform the decision to progress to a full trial. The results will inform patients, researchers, clinicians, and health services of the feasibility and acceptability of the SafePlan app in community mental health services. The findings will have implications for further research and policy regarding the broader integration of safety planning apps. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registries osf.io/3y54m; https://osf.io/3y54m. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/44205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Melia
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Service Executive Community Healthcare Mid West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kady Francis
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Health Service Executive Community Healthcare West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jim Duggan
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Bogue
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mary O'Sullivan
- Health Service Executive Community Healthcare West, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen Young
- College of Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Shane J McInerney
- Health Service Executive Community Healthcare West, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Edmond O'Dea
- Department of Psychology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Bernert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Validation of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire for Children (BARQ-C) in a large community sample of Vietnamese middle adolescents in Hanoi. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:199. [PMID: 35962423 PMCID: PMC9373281 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and other forms of psychological distress are common among Vietnamese adolescents and increase the risk of mental health problems in adulthood. As anger coping is a robust predictor of adolescent mental health difficulties, and there appear to be cultural variations in anger coping, a measure of adolescent anger coping styles that has been validated using a non-Western adolescent sample is required to inform and support early intervention to prevent or treat mental health difficulties in Vietnamese adolescents. This study examined the construct validity (structural and external) of the Behavioral Anger Response Questionnaire for Children in Vietnam (BARQC-V). METHODS Baseline data sourced from a recent randomised control trial conducted with Grade 10 Vietnamese adolescents aged 14 to 16 (N = 1084) were used to examine multiple aspects of construct validity: factorial structure (evaluated using factor analysis); internal consistency (tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient); and external aspect (assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients between the BARQC-V and Vietnamese translations of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised, Mental Health Continuum Short Form, and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale). RESULTS Evaluating factorial structure using confirmatory factor analysis failed to converge on a solution. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 5-factor structure model that explained 49.32% of the BARQC-V's total variance and was deemed to be a good fit by the final confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the 5 factors demonstrated acceptable internal reliability for the BARQC-V's sub-scales. Concerning concurrent validity, three sub-scales predicted well-being and mental health difficulties: the maladaptive anger coping styles Rumination and Direct Anger-out were positively associated with depression and distress, and negatively associated with coping self-efficacy and mental well-being; and the adaptive anger coping style Assertion was positively associated with coping self-efficacy and mental well-being, and negatively associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS The BARQC-V provides a validated measure of three anger coping strategies used by adolescents in Vietnam (Rumination, Direct Anger-out, and Assertion) that can be used to improve detection and treatment of mental health difficulties in this population, and as a starting point by future research to develop a much-needed gold standard measure of anger coping for adults, adolescents and children world-wide.
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Wu Y, Shao J, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Z, Qu Y, Gu J. Pathways from self-disclosure to medical coping strategy among adolescents with moderate and major depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mediation of self-efficacy. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976386. [PMID: 36117657 PMCID: PMC9478381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of adolescent depression in China during the COVID-19 pandemic is increasing. Self-disclosing depressive emotions could help release stress. Self-disclosure, which is a prerequisite for self-efficacy, can directly contribute to people's psychological health, and depression and the choice of coping strategy are determined by the level of self-efficacy perceived. PURPOSE We aimed to discuss the relationship between self-efficacy, self-disclosure, and medical coping strategy. Further, we explore the mediation effect of self-efficacy on the influence of self-disclosure on medical coping strategies in adolescents with depression. METHODS A total of 585 patients aged 11-24 years with moderate and major depression were recruited. All the assessments were completed on the second day after admission, including the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Distress Disclosure Index (DDI), and Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ). Pearson correlation was performed to explore the relationships of these variables. The bootstrap analysis was used to conduct to assess the mediation effects. RESULTS Both direct and indirect effects of self-disclosure on medical coping strategy were found. As predicted, self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between self-disclosure and medical coping strategy (b = 0.0385, 95% CI: 0.0244-0.0538 for Confrontation; b = -0.0466, 95%CI: -0.0651 to -0.0296 for Resignation), respectively. The effect size for Confrontation and Resignation was 0.2659 and 0.2485, respectively. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy played a partial mediating role in the effect of self-disclosure on medical coping strategies for adolescent depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the use of a positive self-disclosure mechanism may be anticipated to promote improved self-efficacy and the use of active coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongna Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shufen Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianing Gu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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