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Kosch TA, Torres-Sánchez M, Liedtke HC, Summers K, Yun MH, Crawford AJ, Maddock ST, Ahammed MS, Araújo VLN, Bertola LV, Bucciarelli G, Carné A, Carneiro CM, Chan KO, Chen Y, Crottini A, da Silva JM, Denton RD, Dittrich C, Themudo GE, Farquharson KA, Forsdick NJ, Gilbert E, Jing C, Katzenback BA, Kotharambath R, Levis NA, Márquez R, Mazepa G, Mulder KP, Müller H, O’Connell MJ, Orozco-terWengel P, Palomar G, Petzold A, Pfennig DW, Pfennig KS, Reichert MS, Robert J, Scherz MD, Siu-Ting K, Snead AA, Stöck M, Stuckert AMM, Stynoski JL, Tarvin RD, Valero KCW. The Amphibian Genomics Consortium: advancing genomic and genetic resources for amphibian research and conservation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601086. [PMID: 39005434 PMCID: PMC11244923 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Amphibians represent a diverse group of tetrapods, marked by deep divergence times between their three systematic orders and families. Studying amphibian biology through the genomics lens increases our understanding of the features of this animal class and that of other terrestrial vertebrates. The need for amphibian genomics resources is more urgent than ever due to the increasing threats to this group. Amphibians are one of the most imperiled taxonomic groups, with approximately 41% of species threatened with extinction due to habitat loss, changes in land use patterns, disease, climate change, and their synergistic effects. Amphibian genomics resources have provided a better understanding of ontogenetic diversity, tissue regeneration, diverse life history and reproductive modes, antipredator strategies, and resilience and adaptive responses. They also serve as critical models for understanding widespread genomic characteristics, including evolutionary genome expansions and contractions given they have the largest range in genome sizes of any animal taxon and multiple mechanisms of genetic sex determination. Despite these features, genome sequencing of amphibians has significantly lagged behind that of other vertebrates, primarily due to the challenges of assembling their large, repeat-rich genomes and the relative lack of societal support. The advent of long-read sequencing technologies, along with computational techniques that enhance scaffolding capabilities and streamline computational workload is now enabling the ability to overcome some of these challenges. To promote and accelerate the production and use of amphibian genomics research through international coordination and collaboration, we launched the Amphibian Genomics Consortium (AGC) in early 2023. This burgeoning community already has more than 282 members from 41 countries (6 in Africa, 131 in the Americas, 27 in Asia, 29 in Australasia, and 89 in Europe). The AGC aims to leverage the diverse capabilities of its members to advance genomic resources for amphibians and bridge the implementation gap between biologists, bioinformaticians, and conservation practitioners. Here we evaluate the state of the field of amphibian genomics, highlight previous studies, present challenges to overcome, and outline how the AGC can enable amphibian genomics research to "leap" to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Kosch
- One Health Research Group, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - María Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kyle Summers
- Biology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA 27858
| | - Maximina H. Yun
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew J. Crawford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
- Museo de Historia Natural C.J. Marinkelle, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Simon T. Maddock
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre, University of Seychelles, Seychelles
| | | | - Victor L. N. Araújo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Lorenzo V. Bertola
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Gary Bucciarelli
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Albert Carné
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline M. Carneiro
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kin O. Chan
- University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Biology Department, Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169– 007 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Jessica M. da Silva
- Evolutionary Genomics and Wildlife Management, Foundatonal Biodiversity Science, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Newlands 7735, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for Evolutionary Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert D. Denton
- Department of Biology, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA
| | - Carolin Dittrich
- Rojas Lab, Konrad-Lorenz-Institute of Ethology, Department of Life Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Katherine A. Farquharson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Edward Gilbert
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
- Energy and Environment Institute, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Che Jing
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar
| | | | - Ramachandran Kotharambath
- Herpetology Lab, Dept. of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India
| | - Nicholas A. Levis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Roberto Márquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Glib Mazepa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin P. Mulder
- Wildlife Health Ghent, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Müller
- Central Natural Science Collections, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mary J. O’Connell
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, CF10 3AX Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Palomar
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alice Petzold
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str.24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W. Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karin S. Pfennig
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Michael S. Reichert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK, USA
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Mark D. Scherz
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Karen Siu-Ting
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
- Instituto Peruano de Herpetología, Ca. Augusto Salazar Bondy 136, Surco, Lima, Peru
- Herpetology Lab, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony A Snead
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Stöck
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam M. M. Stuckert
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | | | - Rebecca D. Tarvin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Yang M, Huan W, Zhang G, Li J, Xia F, Durrani R, Zhao W, Lu J, Peng X, Gao F. Identification of Protein Quality Markers in Toad Venom from Bufo gargarizans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083628. [PMID: 37110862 PMCID: PMC10141085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toad venom is a traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The existing quality evaluation standards of toad venom have obvious limitations because of the lack of research on proteins. Thus, it is necessary to screen suitable quality markers and establish appropriate quality evaluation methods for toad venom proteins to guarantee their safety and efficacy in clinical applications. SDS-PAGE, HPLC, and cytotoxicity assays were used to analyze differences in protein components of toad venom from different areas. Functional proteins were screened as potential quality markers by proteomic and bioinformatic analyses. The protein components and small molecular components of toad venom were not correlated in content. Additionally, the protein component had strong cytotoxicity. Proteomics analysis showed that 13 antimicrobial proteins, four anti-inflammatory and analgesic proteins, and 20 antitumor proteins were differentially expressed extracellular proteins. A candidate list of functional proteins was coded as potential quality markers. Moreover, Lysozyme C-1, which has antimicrobial activity, and Neuropeptide B (NPB), which has anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, were identified as potential quality markers for toad venom proteins. Quality markers can be used as the basis of quality studies of toad venom proteins and help to construct and improve safe, scientific, and comprehensive quality evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyun Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guobing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Utilization of Forestry Biomass, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fengyan Xia
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 313000, China
| | - Rabia Durrani
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jidong Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinmeng Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Oliveira CBDS, Barros EDS, de Oliveira SR, Barbosa Júnior F, Vieira Júnior GM, Lopes Júnior CA. Preliminary ionome of the parotoid gland secretion from Rhinella jimi toad. Toxicon 2023; 225:107059. [PMID: 36822515 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The cururu toad (Rhinella jimi) is an anuran belonging to the fauna of the Brazilian northeast region, which releases a secretion with toxins from your parotoid glands. Although it has some information about secondary metabolites and proteins, the elemental composition of the released secretion is unknown. Therefore, this is the first report on the ionome of the secretion of the parotoid glands from R. jimi, investigating the influences of abiotic factors such as biome, seasonality, and gender. ICP-MS was used for measurements combined with principal component analysis (PCA). A screening of the secretion sample detected 68 elements which the total concentration of 18 elements was determined. PCA revealed that biome and seasonality factors have a greater influence on the ionomic profile of parotoid secretion. The presence of toxic metals in the secretion samples indicates that the R. jimi toad can be considered a potential bioindicator. These findings may contribute to understanding the metabolism, lifestyle, and interaction of the R. jimi toad with environmental factors as well as open new perspectives to investigate the relationships of the ionome with other biomolecules, for example, metalloproteins and their physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elcio Daniel Sousa Barros
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Silvana Ruella de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Avenida do Café s/n, Monte Alegre, CEP: 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cícero Alves Lopes Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí - UFPI, CEP: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Lv Y, Li Y, Wen Z, Shi Q. Transcriptomic and gene-family dynamic analyses reveal gene expression pattern and evolution in toxin-producing tissues of Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.924248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising a major clade of Anura, toads produce and secrete numerous toxins from both the parotoid glands behind their eyes and their dorsal skin. These toxins, made of various proteins and compounds, possess pharmacological potential to be repurposed to benefit human health. However, the detailed genetic regulation of toad toxin production is still poorly understood. A recent publication uncovering the genome of the representative Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans) provides a good reference to resolve this issue. In the present study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of parotoid gland, dorsal skin and liver from the Asiatic toad. Combining our data with 35 previously published transcriptomes across eight different tissues from the same species but from different locations, we constructed a comprehensive gene co-expression network of the Asiatic toad with the assistance of the reference genome assembly. We identified 2,701 co-expressed genes in the toxin-producing tissues (including parotoid gland and dorsal skin). By comparative genomic analysis, we identified 599 expanded gene families with 2,720 genes. Through overlapping these co-expressed genes in the toad toxin-producing tissues, we observed that three cytochrome P450 (Cyp) family members (Cyp27a1, Cyp2c29, and Cyp2c39) were significantly enriched in pathways related to cholesterol metabolism. Cholesterol is a critical precursor to steroids, and the known main steroidal toxins of bufadienolides are considered as the major bioactive components in the parotoid glands of Asiatic toad. We found 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (hmgcr), encoding the major rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis, appears with multiple copies in both Asiatic toad and common toad, possibly originating from a tandem duplication event. The five copies of hmgcr genes consistently displayed higher transcription levels in the parotoid gland when compared with the abdominal skin, suggesting it as a vital candidate gene in the involvement of toad toxin production. Taken together, our current study uncovers transcriptomic and gene-family dynamic evidence to reveal the vital role of both expanded gene copies and gene expression changes for production of toad toxins.
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Banfi FF, Krombauer GC, da Fonseca AL, Nunes RR, Andrade SN, de Rezende MA, Chaves MH, Monção EDS, Taranto AG, Rodrigues DDJ, Vieira GM, de Castro WV, Varotti FDP, Sanchez BAM. Dehydrobufotenin extracted from the Amazonian toad Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) as a prototype molecule for the development of antiplasmodial drugs. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200073. [PMID: 33519927 PMCID: PMC7812938 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The resistance against antimalarial drugs represents a global challenge in the fight and control of malaria. The Brazilian biodiversity can be an important tool for research and development of new medicinal products. In this context, toxinology is a multidisciplinary approach on the development of new drugs, including the isolation, purification, and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of natural toxins. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, as well as the antimalarial activity in silico and in vitro of four compounds isolated from Rhinella marina venom as potential oral drug prototypes. Methods: Four compounds were challenged against 35 target proteins from P. falciparum and screened to evaluate their physicochemical properties using docking assay in Brazilian Malaria Molecular Targets (BraMMT) software and in silico assay in OCTOPUS® software. The in vitro antimalarial activity of the compounds against the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum clones were assessed using the SYBR Green I based assay (IC50). For the cytotoxic tests, the LD50 was determined in human pulmonary fibroblast cell line using the [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Results: All compounds presented a ligand-receptor interaction with ten Plasmodium falciparum-related protein targets, as well as antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant strain (IC50 = 3.44 μM to 19.11 μM). Three of them (dehydrobufotenine, marinobufagin, and bufalin) showed adequate conditions for oral drug prototypes, with satisfactory prediction of absorption, permeability, and absence of toxicity. In the cell viability assay, only dehydrobufotenin was selective for the parasite. Conclusions: Dehydrobufotenin revealed to be a potential oral drug prototype presenting adequate antimalarial activity and absence of cytotoxicity, therefore should be subjected to further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Finger Banfi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Camila Krombauer
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luisa da Fonseca
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Rachide Nunes
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Silmara Nunes Andrade
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Millena Alves de Rezende
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Guterres Taranto
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Center for Biodiversity Studies in the Amazon Region of Mato Grosso (NEBAM), Federal University of Mato Grosso, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antonio Marinho Sanchez
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Rodriguez C, Ibáñez R, Rollins-Smith LA, Gutiérrez M, Durant-Archibold AA. Antimicrobial Secretions of Toads (Anura, Bufonidae): Bioactive Extracts and Isolated Compounds against Human Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120843. [PMID: 33255881 PMCID: PMC7761505 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the family Bufonidae, better known as true toads, are widespread and produce bioactive substances in the secretions obtained from specialized skin macroglands. Some true toads have been employed as a folk remedy to treat infectious diseases caused by microbial pathogens. Recent publications based on in silico analysis highlighted the Bufonidae as promising sources of antimicrobial peptides. A review of the literature reveals that Bufonidae skin secretion extracts show inhibitory activity in vitro against clinical isolates of bacteria, resistant and standard strains of bacterial, and fungal and parasitic human pathogens. Secondary metabolites belonging to the classes of alkaloids, bufadienolides, and peptides with antimicrobial activity have been isolated from species of the genera Bufo, Bufotes, Duttaphrynus, and Rhinella. Additionally, some antimicrobial extracts and purified compounds display low cytotoxicity against mammal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Rodriguez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824-03366, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India
- Scientific Station COIBA, (COIBA AIP), Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), Balboa 0843-03092, Panama;
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824-03366, Panama
| | - Louise A. Rollins-Smith
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama;
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.A.D.-A.)
| | - Armando A. Durant-Archibold
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Clayton, Panama City 0843-01103, Panama;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Apartado 0824-03366, Panama
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.A.D.-A.)
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Bordon KDCF, Cologna CT, Fornari-Baldo EC, Pinheiro-Júnior EL, Cerni FA, Amorim FG, Anjolette FAP, Cordeiro FA, Wiezel GA, Cardoso IA, Ferreira IG, de Oliveira IS, Boldrini-França J, Pucca MB, Baldo MA, Arantes EC. From Animal Poisons and Venoms to Medicines: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1132. [PMID: 32848750 PMCID: PMC7396678 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal poisons and venoms are comprised of different classes of molecules displaying wide-ranging pharmacological activities. This review aims to provide an in-depth view of toxin-based compounds from terrestrial and marine organisms used as diagnostic tools, experimental molecules to validate postulated therapeutic targets, drug libraries, prototypes for the design of drugs, cosmeceuticals, and therapeutic agents. However, making these molecules applicable requires extensive preclinical trials, with some applications also demanding clinical trials, in order to validate their molecular target, mechanism of action, effective dose, potential adverse effects, as well as other fundamental parameters. Here we go through the pitfalls for a toxin-based potential therapeutic drug to become eligible for clinical trials and marketing. The manuscript also presents an overview of the current picture for several molecules from different animal venoms and poisons (such as those from amphibians, cone snails, hymenopterans, scorpions, sea anemones, snakes, spiders, tetraodontiformes, bats, and shrews) that have been used in clinical trials. Advances and perspectives on the therapeutic potential of molecules from other underexploited animals, such as caterpillars and ticks, are also reported. The challenges faced during the lengthy and costly preclinical and clinical studies and how to overcome these hindrances are also discussed for that drug candidates going to the bedside. It covers most of the drugs developed using toxins, the molecules that have failed and those that are currently in clinical trials. The article presents a detailed overview of toxins that have been used as therapeutic agents, including their discovery, formulation, dosage, indications, main adverse effects, and pregnancy and breastfeeding prescription warnings. Toxins in diagnosis, as well as cosmeceuticals and atypical therapies (bee venom and leech therapies) are also reported. The level of cumulative and detailed information provided in this review may help pharmacists, physicians, biotechnologists, pharmacologists, and scientists interested in toxinology, drug discovery, and development of toxin-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Takeno Cologna
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Ernesto Lopes Pinheiro-Júnior
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Cerni
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gobbi Amorim
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | | | - Francielle Almeida Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gisele Adriano Wiezel
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Gobbo Ferreira
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mateus Amaral Baldo
- Health and Science Institute, Paulista University, São José do Rio Pardo, Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Laboratory of Animal Toxins, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Mariano DOC, Messias MDG, Spencer PJ, Pimenta DC. Protein identification from the parotoid macrogland secretion of Duttaphrynus melanostictus. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190029. [PMID: 31467513 PMCID: PMC6707386 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bufonid parotoid macrogland secretion contains several low molecular mass
molecules, such as alkaloids and steroids. Nevertheless, its protein content
is poorly understood. Herein, we applied a sample preparation methodology
that allows the analysis of viscous matrices in order to examine its
proteins. Methods: Duttaphrynus melanostictus parotoid macrogland secretion
was submitted to ion-exchange batch sample preparation, yielding two
fractions: salt-displaced fraction and acid-displaced fraction. Each sample
was then fractionated by anionic-exchange chromatography, followed by
in-solution proteomic analysis. Results: Forty-two proteins could be identified, such as acyl-CoA-binding protein,
alcohol dehydrogenase, calmodulin, galectin and histone. Moreover,
de novo analyses yielded 153 peptides, whereas BLAST
analyses corroborated some of the proteomic-identified proteins.
Furthermore, the de novo peptide analyses indicate the
presence of proteins related to apoptosis, cellular structure, catalysis and
transport processes. Conclusions: Proper sample preparation allowed the proteomic and de novo
identification of different proteins in the D.
melanostictus parotoid macrogland secretion. These results may
increase the knowledge about the universe of molecules that compose
amphibian skin secretion, as well as to understand their
biological/physiological role in the granular gland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick Jack Spencer
- Biotechnology Center, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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