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Ferreira PMP, Sousa LQD, Sousa RWRD, Rodrigues DDJ, Monção Filho EDS, Chaves MH, Vieira Júnior GM, Rizzo MDS, Filgueiras LA, Mendes AN, Lima DJB, Pessoa C, Sousa JMDCE, Rodrigues ACBDC, Soares MBP, Bezerra DP. Toxic profile of marinobufagin from poisonous Amazon toads and antitumoral effects on human colorectal carcinomas. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 310:116406. [PMID: 36965547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE South Americans natives have extensively used the toad "kururu" to reduce/treat skin infections, cutaneous lesions and sores. They release secretions rich in bufadienolides, polyhydroxy steroids with well-documented cardiotonic and antiproliferative actions, but in vivo antitumoral evaluations in mammals are rare, and toxicological safety has been left in second place. AIMS OF THE STUDY This investigation used in silico, in vitro and in vivo tools to evaluate acute and subacute toxic effects of marinobufagin and the anticancer action in tumor-bearing mice models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, in silico toxic predictions were performed, followed by in vitro assays using human and murine normal and tumor lines. Next, acute and subacute studies on mice investigated the behavior, hematological and intestinal transit profile and antitumoral activity of marinobufagin in sarcoma 180- and HCT-116 colorectal carcinoma-transplanted mice for 7 and 15 days, respectively. Ex vivo and in vivo cytogenetic assays in Sarcoma 180 and bone marrow cells and histopathological examinations were also executed. RESULTS In silico studies revealed ecotoxicological effects on crustaceans (Daphnia sp.), fishes (Pimephales promelas and Oryzias latipes), and algae. A 24-h marinobufagin-induced acute toxicity included signals of central activity, mainly (vocal frenzy, absence of body tonus, increased ventilation, ataxia, and equilibrium loss), and convulsions and death at 10 mg/kg. The bufadienolide presented effective in vitro cytotoxic action on human lines of colorectal carcinomas in a similar way to ouabain and tumor reduction in marinobufagin-treated SCID-bearing HCT-116 heterotopic xenografts. Animals under subacute nonlethal doses exhibited a decrease in creatinine clearance with normal levels of blood urea, probably as a result of a marinobufagin-induced renal perfusion fall. Nevertheless, only minor morphological side effects were identified in kidneys, livers, hearts and lungs. CONCLUSIONS Marinobufagin has in vitro and in vivo anticancer action on colorectal carcinoma and mild and reversible alterations in key metabolic organs without direct chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal effects at subacute exposure, but it causes acute ataxia, equilibrium loss, convulsions and death at higher acute exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Queiroz de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Institute of Natural, Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Sinop, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Alves Filgueiras
- Laboratory of Innovation in Science and Technology (Lacitec), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Anderson Nogueira Mendes
- Laboratory of Innovation in Science and Technology (Lacitec), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Daisy Jereissati Barbosa Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LOE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-270, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Laboraroty of Toxicological Genetics (Lapgenic), Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Pereira Bezerra
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 40296-710, Salvador, Brazil
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Sousa Mourão P, de Oliveira Gomes R, Crisóstomo Bezerra Costa CA, da Silva Moura OF, Sousa HG, Lemos Martins Júnior GR, Cabral Leão Ferreira D, Martins Maia Filho AL, Duarte de Freitas J, Rai M, Das Chagas Alves Lima F, Gourlart Santana AE, Chaves MH, Dos Santos Alves W, Uchôa VT. Cecropia pachystachya Trécul: identification, isolation of secondary metabolites, in silico study of toxicological evaluation and interaction with the enzymes 5-LOX and α-1-antitrypsin. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2022; 85:827-849. [PMID: 35815836 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2095546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cecropia pachystachya Tréc., popularly known as embaúba, belongs to the Cecropiaceae family and is used by the native population in the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, high blood pressure, fever, and as a diuretic. The pharmacological actions including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiotonic and sedative were previously reported. The objective of this study was to (1) isolate and identify bioactive compounds extracted from the ethanolic extract of C. pachystachya roots (ERCP), as well as (2) verify the affinity of these metabolites with the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and α-1-antitrypsin through in silico tests. Isolation and/or identification were performed using GC-MS, HPLC, Infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. After isolation and identification of the active compounds, these substances were subjected to the in silico investigation that proceeded by performing PreADMET simulations and molecular docking calculations. The bioactive compounds identified were 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, ethyl hexadecanoate, ethyl (9E,12E)-octadec-9,12-dienoate, ethyl (Z)-octadec-9-enoate and ethyl octadecanoate by GC-MS; chlorogenic acid, catechin, epicatechin, syringaldehyde by HPLC; β-sitosterol, sitostenone, beccaridiol, tormentic acid, lupeol, α- and β-amyrin by classical chromatography, IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties were determined for each bioactive compound. Tormentic acid demonstrated a greater affinity for 5-LOX enzyme while sitostenone demonstrated a higher affinity for the α-1-antitrypsin enzyme. Our findings demonstrated a diverse range of secondary metabolites isolated from C. pachystachya that showed relevant interactions with the enzymes 5-LOX and α-1-antitrypsin. Thus, "embaúba" may be employed in in vivo experimental studies as a form of alternative treatment for chronic lung diseases.Abbreviations: ADT: Autodock Tools; BBB: Blood-brain barrier; CaCo2: Human colonic adenocarcinoma cells; CC: Classic/open Column; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; CD40: Differentiation Cluster 40; CENAUREMN: Centro Nordestino de Aplicação e Uso da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear; GC-MS: Gas Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry; HPLC: High-Perfomance Liquid Chromatography; CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4: Cytochrome P450 isoenzymes; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; DRX-500: X-Ray Diffraction - 500; ERCP: Ethanolic extract of the roots of C. pachystachya; FAPEPI: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Piauí; HIA: Human Intestinal Absorption; IR: Infrared; Ki: Inhibition constant; 5-LOX: 5-Lipoxygenase; mM: miliMolar; nM: nanoMolar; OECD423: acute toxic class method; PDB: Protein Data Bank; P-gP: P-glycoprotein; PM2,5: Small inhalable particles 2,5; PPB: Plasm Protein Binding; PreADMET: Prediction Absorption, Distribution, Metabolization, Excretion and Toxicity; NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; +S9: with metabolic activation; -S9: no metabolic activation; SisGen: Sistema Nacional de Gestão de Patrimônio Genético e do Conhecimento Tradicional Associado; RT: Retention time; TA100: Ames test with TA100 cells line; TA1535: Ames test with cells of the TA1535 cell line; UESPI: State University of Piauí; V79: lung fibroblast cells; ΔG: Gibbs free energy (Kcal/mol); μM: microMolar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penina Sousa Mourão
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antônio Luiz Martins Maia Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
- Health Sciences Department, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Francisco Das Chagas Alves Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
- Biotechnology Department, Piauí State University, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Sousa Barros ED, Santos Monção Filho ED, Fonseca Pio YP, Amorim MRD, Berlinck RGS, Cássia Moura RD, Fonseca MG, Dantas C, Coelho RC, Silva GRD, Chaves MH, Vieira Júnior GM. Comparative study of composition of methanolic extracts of the paratoid gland secretions (PGS) of Rhinella jimi (cururu toad) from northeastern Brazil: Gender, seasonality and geographic occurrence. Toxicon 2022; 214:37-46. [PMID: 35562061 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Toads belonging to the Bufonidae family have a pair of paratoid glands that store highly toxic a biological secretion with varied chemical composition, that act as a chemical defense against microbial infections and predators. The paratoid gland secretion (PGS) of bufonids is rich in bioactive steroids, alkaloids, proteins, bufadienolides and bufotoxins. In the present investigation we performed a systematic analysis of the chemical profile of PGS obtained from the Bufonidae toad Rhinella jimi ("Cururu" toad) collected at three different regions of Piauí state, Northeastern Brazil. Our aim was to investigate the PGS variation related to the season of animals collection, geographic distribution and gender of the animals. The methanolic extracts of PGS were analyzed by UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to the data set obtained by the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS analyses. Among 23 compounds identified, dehydrobufotenine, suberoyl arginine, 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) telocinobufagin, 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) marinobufagin, telocinobufagin, marinobufagin and 3-(N-suberoyl-argininyl) bufalin were detected in all PGS. Minimal variations in the composition of paratoid secretions of R. jimi were observed related to distinct geographical and seasonal parameters. R. jimi female animals presented the most diverse chemical composition in its PGS. With this comparative study, unprecedented for the species, it was possible to observe that the secretions of the paratoid glands produced by R. jimi from different regions of the state of Piauí, at different times of the year, presented consistent chemical composition, with discrete particularities in the number and nature chemistry of its constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcio Daniel Sousa Barros
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Department of Teaching, Research and Extension, Federal Institute of Maranhão, Cep 65620-000, Coelho Neto, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Dos Santos Monção Filho
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Yara Polianna Fonseca Pio
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues de Amorim
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, Cep.13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 780, Cep.13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Moura
- Biology Coordination, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64607-670, Picos, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Clécio Dantas
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Inorgânica e Quimiometria - LQCINMETRIA, State University of Maranhão, Cep: 65604-380, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cunha Coelho
- Teacher Training Department, Federal Institute of Piauí, Cep: 64000-040, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Cep: 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Santos Silva J, França Ferreira ÉL, Maciel Lima A, de Farias RRS, Quirino Araújo B, Quilles Junior JC, Lima Santos RR, de Amorim Carvalho FA, Rai M, Vieira Júnior GM, Chaves MH. Four new cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Combretum mellifluum Eichler: assessment of their antioxidant and antileishmanial activities. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2022; 85:364-375. [PMID: 34933666 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2015030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial pharmacological actions including antioxidant effects as an antileishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, and analgesic of compounds isolated from Combretum mellifluum Eichler (Combretaceae) are well established. The aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemistry as well as assess the antioxidant and antileishmanial activities of the leaves from Combretum mellifluum Eichler (Combretaceae). Analysis of ethanolic extract resulted in isolation and identification of two epimeric mixtures of four previously unknown cycloartane-type triterpenoids, methyl quadrangularate M and methyl 24-epiquadrangularate M, and 2α,3β,24β-trihydroxy-cycloart-25-ene and 2α, 3β, 24α-trihydroxy-cycloart-25-ene, and eight known compounds. Their structures were using one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D NMR), 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) analysis. Further, the extract and fractions were tested for antioxidant potential. The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity against 2,2-dipheny-1-picrylhydrazl (DPPH) free radicals, which correlated directly with total flavonoid content. All extracts and fractions from C. mellifluum Eichler were assessed for antileishmanial activity. The supernatant fraction exhibited highest potential, inhibiting the growth of Leishmania amazonensis with IC50 value 31.29 μg/ml. Our findings provide information on the chemical composition of C. mellifluum and the potential beneficial therapeutic usefulness as an antioxidant agent in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelson Santos Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Éverton Leandro França Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Campus Serra da Capivara, São Raimundo Nonato, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maciel Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Quirino Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Quilles Junior
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School (FMRP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Ritchelle Lima Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, NPPM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brasil
| | - Fernando Aécio de Amorim Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, NPPM, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brasil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India
- Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Natural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Lima RPD, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, Oliveira FTBD, Silva RAC, Alves APNN, Viana DA, Fonseca SGC, Carvalho AA, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. α,β-Amyrin prevents steatosis and insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD via the AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11391. [PMID: 34406209 PMCID: PMC8373198 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P de Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P I G Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A F S C Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F T B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A C Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratório de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Piripiri Campus, Piripiri, PI, Brasil
| | - M H Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Ministro Petrônio Portella Campus, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - V S Rao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Leandro de França Ferreira É, Pereira de Carvalho Oliveira J, Silva de Araújo MR, Rai M, Chaves MH. Phytochemical profile and ethnopharmacological applications of Lecythidaceae: An overview. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 274:114049. [PMID: 33766758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The family Lecythidaceae has about 25 genera and 400 identified species, which are distributed especially in the pantropical region, mostly found in the tropics of Central and South America, Southeast Asia and Africa. The third most abundant family in Amazonian forests and the genus Eschweilera, with the large number of species in Lecythidaceae. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present review compiles information since the 1934s about of ethnopharmacology, and chemical constituents of species of Lecythidaceae, as well as a summary of the bioactivities shown by the extracts, fractions, and secondary metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS All relevant information on ethnopharmacology, and chemical constituents of species of Lecythidaceae were gathered from electronic databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar. Information was also obtained from local books, PhD. and MSc. Dissertations. RESULTS The phytochemical diversity of the family was demonstrated with 180 different metabolites that have been reported from 25 species, most of them being triterpenes or flavonoids. The pharmacological studies carried out with the extracts, fractions and compounds showed promising antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION The present review provides an insight into ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of species of Lecythidaceae. Based on the pharmacological studies it has been found that different plant species of Lecythidaceae possess a wide range of bioactivities such as anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, antibacterial and antifungal. These activities are due to the presence of bioactive compounds including triterpenoids and their glycosides derivatives, flavonoids, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, alkaloids, and other compounds. However, there are many plants, which have not been assessed pharmacologically and hence warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jocélia Pereira de Carvalho Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Catalão, Unidade Acadêmica Especial de Química, Campus I - Avenida Dr. Lamartine Pinto de Avelar, 1120, Setor Universitário, Catalão, GO, 75704-020, Brazil
| | - Mônica Regina Silva de Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Acarape, CE, 62785-000, Brazil
| | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, SGB Amravati University, Amravati, 444 602, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Piauí, Center for Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Brazil.
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Sousa HG, Uchôa VT, Cavalcanti SMG, de Almeida PM, Chaves MH, Lima Neto JDS, Nunes PHM, da Costa Júnior JS, Rai M, Do Carmo IS, de Sousa EA. Phytochemical screening, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and cytogenotoxicity activities of Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:399-417. [PMID: 33494643 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1875345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Combretum leprosum Mart. (Combretaceae), a shrub popularly known as mofumbo, is used in folk medicine for treatment of uterine bleeding, pertussis, gastric pain, and as a sedative. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the phytochemical profile,(2) identify chemical constituents and (3) examine antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts and fractions of stem bark and leaves. The plant material (leaf and stem bark) was submitted to extraction with ethanol, followed by partition using hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. It was possible to identify and quantify the epicatechin in the ethanolic stem bark extract (0.065 mg/g extract) and rutin in the leaf extract (3.33 mg/g extract). Based upon in vitro tests a significant relationship was noted between findings from antioxidant tests and levels of total phenolic and flavonoid. Comparing all samples (extracts and fractions), the ethyl acetate fractions of stem bark (411.40 ± 15.38 GAE/g) and leaves (225.49 ± 9.47 GAE/g) exhibited higher phenolic content, whereas hexanic fraction of stem bark (124.28 ± 56 mg/g sample) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (238.91 ± 1.73 mg/g sample) demonstrated a higher content of flavonoids. Among the antioxidant tests, the intermediate fraction of stem bark (28.5 ± 0.60 μg/ml) and ethyl acetate fraction of leaves (40 ± 0.56 μg/ml) displayed a higher % inhibition of free radical DPPH activity, whereas intermediate fraction of stem bark (27.5 ± 0.9 μg/ml) and hydromethanol fraction of leaves (81 ± 1.4 μg/ml) demonstrated inhibition of the free radical ABTS. In biological tests (Allium cepa and micronucleus in peripheral blood), data showed that none of the tested concentrations of ethanolic extracts of leaves and stem bark produced significant cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenic activity.Abbreviations AA%: percentage of antioxidant activity; ABTS: 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); CEUA: Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals; TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; EEB: ethanol extract of the stem bark; HFB: Hexanic fraction of stem bark; IFB: Intermediate fraction of stem bark; CFB: Chloroform fraction of stem bark; EAFB: Ethyl acetate fraction of stem bark; HMFB: Hydromethanol fraction of the stem bark; EEL: Ethanol extract from leaves; HFL: Hexane fraction of leaves; CFL: Chloroform fraction of leaves; EAFL: Ethyl acetate fraction of leaves; HMFL: Hydromethanol fraction of leaves; GAE: Gallic Acid Equivalent; IC50: 50% inhibition concentration; HCOOH: Formic acid; HCl: hydrochloric acid; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; MN: micronucleus; WHO: World Health Organization; UFLC: Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography; UESPI: State University of Piauí.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Gonzaga Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Valdiléia Teixeira Uchôa
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Marcos de Almeida
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Genetics, State University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mahendra Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Filho EDSM, Chaves MH, Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C, Lima DJB, Maranhão SSA, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Vieira Júnior GM. Cytotoxicity potential of chemical constituents isolated and derivatised from Rhinella marina venom. Toxicon 2021; 194:37-43. [PMID: 33610630 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical compounds from skin secretions from toads of Bufonidae family have been long-studied. In the search for new molecules with pharmacological action, the 3β-OH groups of bufadienolides are commonly derivatised using acetyl groups. This work described the isolation and/or structural elucidation of isolated and derivatised compounds from the venom of the Brazilian anuran Rhinella marina, and their evaluation in in vitro assays. In the methanolic extract of the R. marina venom, compound cholesterol (1) was isolated from the CRV-52 fraction by classic column chromatography, dehydrobufotenine (2) by Sephadex LH-20 from the CRV-28 fraction, and a mix of suberoyl arginine (3) and compound 2 was obtained from the CRV-6-33 fraction. The compounds marinobufagin (4), telocionbufagin (5) and bufalin (6) were isolated by classic column chromatography, followed by separation via HPLC in the CRV-70 fraction, and the compound marinobufotoxin (9) was isolated by classic column chromatography in the CRV-6 fraction, here being isolated for the first time in R. marina specimens. Compounds 4 and 5 were submitted for acetylation with acetic anhydride, in the presence of pyridine and 4-dimethyilaminopiridine (DMAP), in order to obtain the compounds 3-acetyl-marinobufagin (7) and 3-acetyl-telocinobufogin (8). The isolated and derivatised compounds were identified by 1H and 13C NMR, and their molecular mass confirmed by mass spectrometry. All compounds (except 1 and 3) were tested in cytotoxic assays by the MTT method and presented cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines, as well as against non-tumoral human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cells. With the exception of compound 2, all molecules presented IC50 values < 4 μM, and none caused hemolysis of human erythrocytes, demonstrating a promising cytotoxic potential of natural and chemically-modified bufadienolides. This study presents a detailed contribution of bioactive chemicals from Brazilian Amazon Rhinella species, and indicates promising areas for further studies and pharmaceutical investments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daisy Jereissati Barbosa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Sant' Anna Maranhão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Institute of Natural, Humanities and Social Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Banfi FF, Krombauer GC, da Fonseca AL, Nunes RR, Andrade SN, de Rezende MA, Chaves MH, Monção EDS, Taranto AG, Rodrigues DDJ, Vieira GM, de Castro WV, Varotti FDP, Sanchez BAM. Dehydrobufotenin extracted from the Amazonian toad Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) as a prototype molecule for the development of antiplasmodial drugs. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200073. [PMID: 33519927 PMCID: PMC7812938 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The resistance against antimalarial drugs represents a global challenge in the fight and control of malaria. The Brazilian biodiversity can be an important tool for research and development of new medicinal products. In this context, toxinology is a multidisciplinary approach on the development of new drugs, including the isolation, purification, and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of natural toxins. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, as well as the antimalarial activity in silico and in vitro of four compounds isolated from Rhinella marina venom as potential oral drug prototypes. Methods: Four compounds were challenged against 35 target proteins from P. falciparum and screened to evaluate their physicochemical properties using docking assay in Brazilian Malaria Molecular Targets (BraMMT) software and in silico assay in OCTOPUS® software. The in vitro antimalarial activity of the compounds against the 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum clones were assessed using the SYBR Green I based assay (IC50). For the cytotoxic tests, the LD50 was determined in human pulmonary fibroblast cell line using the [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) assay. Results: All compounds presented a ligand-receptor interaction with ten Plasmodium falciparum-related protein targets, as well as antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant strain (IC50 = 3.44 μM to 19.11 μM). Three of them (dehydrobufotenine, marinobufagin, and bufalin) showed adequate conditions for oral drug prototypes, with satisfactory prediction of absorption, permeability, and absence of toxicity. In the cell viability assay, only dehydrobufotenin was selective for the parasite. Conclusions: Dehydrobufotenin revealed to be a potential oral drug prototype presenting adequate antimalarial activity and absence of cytotoxicity, therefore should be subjected to further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Finger Banfi
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Camila Krombauer
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Amanda Luisa da Fonseca
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Rachide Nunes
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Silmara Nunes Andrade
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Millena Alves de Rezende
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Guterres Taranto
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues
- Center for Biodiversity Studies in the Amazon Region of Mato Grosso (NEBAM), Federal University of Mato Grosso, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando de Pilla Varotti
- Research Center on Biological Chemistry (NQBio), Federal University of São João Del Rei, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Antonio Marinho Sanchez
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Tropical Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Sinop, MT, Brazil
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Alexandre LS, Braga FMS, de Oliveira PK, Coelho TLS, Fonseca MG, de Sousa RWR, Dittz D, de Castro E Sousa JM, Ferreira PMP, Dantas C, Barbosa HDS, Chaves MH, Lopes Júnior CA, Vieira Júnior GM. Proteins from Rhinella jimi parotoid gland secretion: A comprehensive analytical approach. Toxicon 2021; 192:32-39. [PMID: 33465357 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Toad skin secretions are sources of complex mixtures of bioactive compounds, such as proteins and peptides. Rhinella jimi species is a common toad in the Brazilian northeast, considered by only a few known studies. The experimental design was applied to optimize the protein extraction method from R. jimi parotoid gland secretions. The optimum condition was using 100 mmol L-1 Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.2 under vortexing for 5 min. The FTIR analysis combined with PCA revealed high-protein purity of the extracts, confirming the success of the proposed extraction method. The total protein concentration by the Bradford method was 102.4 and 66.5 mg g-1 on toad poisons from Teresina and Picos, respectively. The comparative proteomic analysis using HPLC-SEC-DAD and 1D SDS-PAGE revealed significant differences in protein abundance. HMW biomolecules showed greater abundance in toads from Teresina, while LMW protein species were more abundant in toads from Picos. The significant difference in amphibian proteome can be attributed to the edaphoclimatic conditions of their habitat. The cytotoxicity of the protein extract from Teresina was higher on the tumor cell lines 4T1 and CT26.WT. These new findings are fundamental for future studies the on identity and biological activity of biomolecules from this noble sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Santos Alexandre
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais - LPN, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francislene Machado Silva Braga
- Grupo de Estudos em Bioanalítica - GEBIO, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Kelly de Oliveira
- Grupo de Estudos em Bioanalítica - GEBIO, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Tiago Linus Silva Coelho
- Grupo de Estudos em Bioanalítica - GEBIO, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Gonçalves Fonseca
- Federal University of Piauí, Department of Biology, Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros, Picos, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Rayran Walter Ramos de Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Dalton Dittz
- Federal University of Piauí, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Clecio Dantas
- Laboratório de Química Computacional Inorgânica e Quimiometria - LQCINMETRIA, State University of Maranhão - UEMA, Campus Caxias, 65604-380, Caxias, MA, Brazil
| | - Herbert de Sousa Barbosa
- Grupo de Estudos em Bioanalítica - GEBIO, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais - LPN, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Cícero Alves Lopes Júnior
- Grupo de Estudos em Bioanalítica - GEBIO, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | - Gerardo Magela Vieira Júnior
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais - LPN, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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11
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Santos LKB, Veras MÁDA, Marques KKG, DE Moraes Alves MM, Mendes AN, DE Amorim Carvalho FAÉ, Sobral MV, Chaves MH, GonÇalves JCR. Assessment of In Vitro Anti-melanoma Potential of Ephedranthus pisocarpus R.E.Fr. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:5015-5024. [PMID: 32878789 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Despite being a rare disease, melanoma is considered the most dangerous skin cancer due to its highly invasive and aggressive nature, and still requires for more effective treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-melanoma potential of Ephedranthus pisocarpus R.E.Fr. (Annonaceae), a popular Brazilian plant with medicinal properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the ethanolic extract (EtOH) was obtained from E. pisocarpus leaves and later partitioned using increasing polarity solvents. The anti-melanoma potential of E. pisocarpus was assessed by spectrophotometry and its cytotoxicity determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and confocal microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrated that the EtOH extract and fractions from E. pisocarpus had a moderate photoprotective action (FPS 3.0-5.0) against UVA radiation. Interestingly, the dichloromethane fraction presented higher anti-melanoma activity against B16-F10 (IC50=46.8 μg/ml) and SK-MEL-28 cells (IC50=40.1 μg/ml) and lesser toxicity on normal cells. Additionally, our study reported that spathulenol, one of the major constituents from E. pisocarpus, acts through an apoptosis-dependent mechanism in SK-MEL-28 cells. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated, for the first time, the in vitro anti-melanoma potential of E. pisocarpus against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michel MualÉm DE Moraes Alves
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Ramos GonÇalves
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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12
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Silva JDN, Monção NBN, de Farias RRS, Citó AMDGL, Chaves MH, Araújo MRSD, Lima DJB, Pessoa C, Lima AD, Araújo ECDC, Militão GCG, Costa MPD, Capasso R, Ferreira PMP. Toxicological, chemopreventive, and cytotoxic potentialities of rare vegetal species and supporting findings for the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2020; 83:525-545. [PMID: 32568625 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1780658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Caatinga flora which are found in a poor Brazilian region contain a substantial number of endemic taxa with biomedical and social importance for regional communities. This study examined the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of 35 samples (extracts/fractions) from 12 Caatinga species and determined the antiproliferative and genotoxic action of dichloromethane fraction from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia stem bark (DC-Mca) on human and vegetal cells. Samples were assessed for chemopreventive ability, toxic effects on Artemia salina shrimp as well as cytotoxicity on tumor cell lines and erythrocytes. DC-Mca was also tested with respect to antiproliferative and genotoxic effects upon normal leukocytes and meristematic cells from A. cepa roots. Some extracts reduced free radical levels >95% and 7 samples exhibited a lethal concentration (LC) 50 < 100 µg/ml upon Artemia salina larvae. Eight samples displayed in vitro antitumor effects and three produced hemolysis. Data also demonstrated the pharmacological significance of bioactive extracts from Brazilian semi-arid region. There was no significant relationship between antioxidant, toxic, and antiproliferative activities, and that these properties were dependent upon the extractant. DC-Mca contained betulinic acid as main compound (approximately 70%), which showed higher (1) cytotoxic activity on cancer cell lines and dividing leukocytes, (2) reduced mitotic index of Allium cepa roots, and (3) induced cell cycle arrest and chromosomal bridges, thereby providing native promising sources for phytotherapy development. ABBREVIATIONS ABTS: 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); AcOH: ethyl acetate; ANOVA: analysis of variance; SUS: Brazilian Unified Health System; DC-Mca: dichloromethane fraction from Mimosa caesalpiniifolia stem bark; DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EC50: effective concentration 50%; EtOAc: ethyl acetate; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; GC-Qms: gas chromatograph quadrupole mass spectrometer; GI: genotoxic index; HCT-116: colon carcinoma line; HL-60: promyelocytic leukemia line; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; HRAPCIMS: high resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrum; IC50: inhibitory concentration 50%; LC50: lethal concentration 50%; MeOH = methyl alcohol; MI: mitotic index; MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide; MutI: mutagenic index; OVCAR-8 = ovarian carcinoma line; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; RPMI-1640: Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium; SF-295: glioblastoma line; TEAC: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; Trolox: 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurandy do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Mônica Regina Silva de Araújo
- Department of Exact and Nature Sciences, University for International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony , Redenção, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alessandro de Lima
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí , Teresina, Brazil
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Garcia IJP, de Oliveira GC, de Moura Valadares JM, Banfi FF, Andrade SN, Freitas TR, Dos Santos Monção Filho E, Lima Santos HD, Júnior GMV, Chaves MH, de Jesus Rodrigues D, Sanchez BAM, Varotti FP, Barbosa LA. New bufadienolides extracted from Rhinella marina inhibit Na,K-ATPase and induce apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and 9 in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. Steroids 2019; 152:108490. [PMID: 31499071 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bufadienolide compounds have been used for growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in tumor cells. Those families of cardiotonic steroids can bind the Na,K-ATPase, causing its inhibition. The use of bufadienolides is widely described in the literature as an anticancer function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bufadienolides and alkaloid isolated from venom samples from R. marina on tumor cells. We performed cytotoxicity assay in MDA-MB-231 and TOV-21G cells and evaluated the activity of Caspases (3 and 9), Na, K-ATPase, PMCA and SERCA. Four compounds were extrated from the venom of R. marina. The compound 1 showed higher cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231cells. Compound 1 also showed activation of Caspase 3 and 9. This compound caused an inhibition of the activity and expression of Na, K-ATPase, and also showed activation of both caspase-9 and caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. We also observed that Compound 1 had a direct effect on some ATPases, such as Na, K-ATPase, PMCA and SERCA. Compound 1 was able to inhibit the activity of the purified Na, K-ATPase enzyme from the concentration of 5 µM. It also caused inhibition of PMCA at all concentrations tested (1 nM-30 µM). However, the compound 1 led to an increase of the activity of purified SERCA between the concentrations of 7.5-30 µM. Thus, we present a Na, K-ATPase and PMCA inhibitor, which may lead to the activation of caspases 3 and 9, causing the cells to enter into apoptosis. Our study suggests that compound 1 may be an interesting molecule as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel José Pereira Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Capanema de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Finger Banfi
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Sinop, MT, Brazil
| | - Silmara Nunes Andrade
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Túlio Resende Freitas
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando P Varotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Química Biológica, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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14
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Silva JC, Azevedo PSDS, Souza FDM, Aragão KKV, Sabino CKB, Carvalho GD, Morais ICP, Mendes MB, Chaves MH, Oliveira APD. Vasorelaxant activity and acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam leaves. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000117754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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de Melo KM, de Oliveira FTB, Costa Silva RA, Gomes Quinderé AL, Marinho Filho JDB, Araújo AJ, Barros Pereira ED, Carvalho AA, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. α, β-Amyrin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid from Protium heptaphyllum suppresses adipocyte differentiation accompanied by down regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1860-1866. [PMID: 30551441 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the anti-obesity effects of α, β-Amyrin in high fat-fed mice. This study aimed to evaluate whether α, β-Amyrin has an anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated in a medium containing insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. Cytotoxicity of α, β-Amyrin was assessed by MTT assay. Lipid content in adipocytes was determined by Oil-Red O staining. In addition, the protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha (C/EBPα), beta (C/EBPβ), and delta (C/EBPδ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Oil-Red O staining revealed markedly reduced fat accumulation by α, β-Amyrin (6.25-50 μg/mL) without affecting cell viability. Furthermore, our results indicate that α, β-Amyrin can significantly suppress the adipocyte differentiation by downregulating the expression levels of adipogenesis-related key transcription factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα, but not C/EBPβ or C/EPBδ. In addition, the protein expression of membrane GLUT4 in 3T3- L1 adipocytes treated with α, β-Amyrin was significantly higher than in control cells, indicating that α, β-Amyrin augments glucose uptake. These findings suggest that α, β-Amyrin exerts an anti-adipogenic effect principally via modulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in 3T3-L1cells. The present in vitro findings, taken together with our earlier observation of the anti-obesity effect in vivo, suggest that α, β-Amyrin can be developed as a new therapeutic agent for treatment and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Moura de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Rose Anny Costa Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Gomes Quinderé
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Jérsia Araújo
- Research Center on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Eanes Delgado Barros Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Lopes LCS, Brito LM, Bezerra TT, Gomes KN, Carvalho FADEA, Chaves MH, Cantanhêde W. Silver and gold nanoparticles from tannic acid: synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:2679-2689. [PMID: 30043906 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold (Au0) and silver (Ag0) nanoparticles were synthesized using tannic acid (TA) as both reducing and stabilizer. Nanoparticles formation, stability, and interaction with TA were compared to citrate-coated nanoparticles and monitored by UV-Vis, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy. TA coating resulted in a red-shift and broadening of bands compared to citrate-coated nanoparticles (NPs-Cit). AgNPs-TA and AuNPs-TA are negatively charged with mean surface charge of -29.4 mV and -29.6 mV, respectively. TEM images showed polydispersety of AuNPs-TA (6-42 nm) and aggregation of AgNPs-TA (12-71 nm). In vitro assays of Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes showed an increment of antileishmanial activity for AgNPs-TA in relation to AgNPs-Cit, while AuNPs-TA and AuNPs-Cit did not affect the protozoas at tested concentrations. CC50 value for AgNPs-TA suggested that TA attenuates nanosilver toxicity comparatively to its precursor (Ag+). This investigation can contribute to the development of new, green, and fast produced drugs aiming at leishmaniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes C S Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Brito
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Thayllan T Bezerra
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Kleyton N Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Fernando A DE A Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Welter Cantanhêde
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Santos FA, Carvalho KMMB, Batista-Lima FJ, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, de Carvalho Almeida da Silva AA, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Magalhães PJC, de Brito TS. The triterpenoid alpha, beta-amyrin prevents the impaired aortic vascular reactivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1029-1039. [PMID: 28717838 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the protective effects of the triterpenoid mixture alpha, beta-amyrin (AMY, 20 mg/kg, during 15 days) on the reactivity of isolated aorta of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male Swiss mice were fed with HFD or normal diet (ND) for 15 weeks. Contractions of thoracic aorta in response to KCl or phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation by acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were analyzed. HFD-fed mice developed hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and significant body weight gain, parameters prevented by AMY treatment. Whereas aortic contractility did not differ in response to KCl, contractions induced by PHE (1 μM) as well as relaxation induced by ACh (1-30 μM) or SNP (1 nM-0.1 mM) on PHE-contracted aorta were decreased (p < 0.05) in tissues of HFD compared to ND mice, phenomenon significantly (p < 0.05) diminished in HFD mice treated with AMY. The relaxant actions of ACh and SNP were inhibited (p < 0.05) by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 mM), apamin (0.1 μM), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 3 mM) in aortae from ND group, but not from HFD. Treatment of HFD mice with AMY rescued the inhibitory effect of TEA (p < 0.05) on vasorelaxant actions of ACh and SNP. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited similarly the relaxant effects of SNP in all groups. 8-Br-cGMP relaxed with similar profile aortae of all groups. By preventing HFD-induced obesity in mice, AMY rescued the blunted contractile response to PHE, and the attenuated vasorelaxation and K+ channel activation (opening) induced by ACh and SNP in isolated aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco José Batista-Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jorge Caldas Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Silva de Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
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Carvalho KMMB, de Melo TS, de Melo KM, Quinderé ALG, de Oliveira FTB, Viana AFSC, Nunes PIG, Quetz JDS, Viana DDA, da Silva AADCA, Havt A, Fonseca SGDC, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. Amyrins from Protium heptaphyllum Reduce High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice via Modulation of Enzymatic, Hormonal And Inflammatory Responses. Planta Med 2017; 83:285-291. [PMID: 27525508 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-114222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity remains a global problem. In search of phytochemicals that have antiobesity potential, this study evaluated α,β-amyrin, a triterpenoid mixture from Protium heptaphyllum, on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Groups of mice (n = 8) were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet, and were orally treated or not treated with either α,β-amyrin (10 or 20 mg/kg) or sibutramine (10 mg/kg) for 15 weeks. Variables measured at termination were body weight, visceral fat accumulation, adipocyte surface area, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and lipoprotein lipase expressions in adipose tissue, the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, the satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin, the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase, and the inflammatory mediators TNF-α, interleukin-6, and MCP-1. Results showed that α,β-amyrin treatment resulted in lower high-fat diet-induced increases in body weight, visceral fat content, adipocyte surface area, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and lipoprotein lipase expressions, and blood glucose and insulin levels. Additionally, the markedly elevated leptin and decreased ghrelin levels seen in the high-fat diet-fed control mice were significantly modulated by α,β-amyrin treatment. Furthermore, α,β-amyrin decreased serum TNF-α and MCP-1. These results suggest that α,β-amyrin could be beneficial in reducing high-fat diet-induced obesity and associated disorders via modulation of enzymatic, hormonal, and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago Sousa de Melo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Karina Moura de Melo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Gomes Quinderé
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel de Araújo Viana
- Pathology and Legal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Mendes MB, da Silva-Filho JC, Sabino CKB, Arcanjo DDR, Sousa CMM, Costa ICG, Chaves MH, Oliveira RDCM, Oliveira AP. Pharmacological evidence of α2-adrenergic receptors in the hypotensive effect of Platonia insignis mart. J Med Food 2014; 17:1079-85. [PMID: 25055183 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platonia insignis Mart. (Clusiaceae) is a medicinal plant from the Brazilian Amazon region. The present study evaluated the biological potential of the ethanol extract (Pi-EtOH) and ethyl acetate fraction (Pi-EtOAc) of the P. insignis fruit shells on the cardiovascular system of rats. Pi-EtOH or Pi-EtOAc (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) was administered intravenously in normotensive rats (260-300 g), and the mean arterial pressure and the heart rate were monitored. The Pi-EtOH induced hypotension (-11.56±0.89, -7.43±0.85, and -17.56±1.97 mmHg) followed by bradycardia in two highest doses (-8.89±3.62 and -15.79±1.83 beats/min) and Pi-EtOAc, at the same doses, induced hypotension (-11.2±1.03, -14.48±1.13, -29.89±2.67 mmHg) more intensively, followed by tachycardia at the dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg (15.64±2.06, 19.31±1.92 beats/min) and bradycardia at a dose of 50 mg/kg (-9.98±7.33 beats/min). The hypotensive response from Pi-EtOAc was not attenuated when used in the pretreatment with L-NAME, verapamil, propranolol, and hexamethonium. However, when using yohimbine, the hypotensive effect was inhibited (-4.42±1.28 (P<.05), -3.29±0.99 (P<.05), 2.06±1.18 mmHg (P<.05); Student's t-test). Hence, the Pi-EtOAc seems to act similarly to the α2-adrenergic agonist in this hypotensive effect.
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Viana AFSC, Fernandes HB, Silva FV, Oliveira IS, Freitas FFBP, Machado FDF, Costa CLS, Arcanjo DDR, Chaves MH, Oliveira FA, Oliveira RCM. Gastroprotective activity of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire leaves on experimental ulcer models. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 150:316-323. [PMID: 24035848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), popularly known in Brazil as "caneleiro", is widely used in folk medicine against gastrointestinal diseases. In previous studies, the ethanol extract of leaves from Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire had shown antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antiulcerogenic activities. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the gastroprotective effect of the hydroalcoholic fraction of leaves of Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Cm-FHA), as well as to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used for the evaluation of the acute toxicity, and mice and rats to study the gastroprotective activity. The potential gastroprotective of Cm-FHA was assessed on different gastric ulcer models in rodents, such as absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol, ischemia-reperfusion, cold restraint stress and indomethacin. The participation of prostaglandins, NO-synthase pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in gastroprotective activity of Cm-FHA were evaluated after treatment with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), a NO-synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and a KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide 5mg/kg), respectively. Likewise, the catalase activity was determinated in order to assess the possible participation of antioxidant mechanisms. RESULTS No signs of acute toxicity was observed after oral acute administration of Cm-FHA, considering the analyzed parameters. Likewise, Cm-FHA promoted a protective effect against gastric ulcers induced by absolute ethanol (lesion inhibition by 40% at both 100 and 200mg/kg), HCl/ethanol (lesion inhibition by 50 or 48% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively), ischemia-reperfusion (lesion inhibition by 49 or 90% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively) and cold restraint stress (lesion inhibition by 63 or 76% at 100 or 200mg/kg, respectively), as well as a increase of catalase activity was observed. Otherwise, Cm-FHA was not able to protect gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced lesions. Nitric oxide release, the of KATP channels opening and antioxidant activity are the possibly involved in the Cm-FHA-induced gastroprotective activity. CONCLUSION This study corroborates the folk medicine use of Cenostigma macrophyllum for treatment of gastric ulcers, as well as reinforces this species as a valuable source of promising natural drugs with gastroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F S C Viana
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Piaulino CA, Carvalho FCB, Almeida BC, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC, Brito SMRC. The stem bark extracts of Cenostigma macrophyllum attenuates tactile allodynia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharm Biol 2013; 51:1243-1248. [PMID: 23844576 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.786096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONTEXT. Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul. var. acuminata Teles Freire (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae) is popularly known as "caneleiro". Previous studies showed antioxidant action and analgesic effects of the ethanol extract from the leaves of C. macrophyllum. The phytochemical evaluation of the stem bark revealed the presence of antinociceptive compounds. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antinociceptive actions of the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction from C. macrophyllum stem bark in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the involvement of opioid and nitrergic mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS STZ-rats received the ethanol extract (E.EtOH 200 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) during 5 weeks. In acute experiments, untreated diabetic rats were treated with the ethyl acetate fraction (F.EtOAc 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), on the 28th day of diabetes induction when the opioid and nitrergic mechanisms were investigated. The mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) was determined by application of von Frey filaments. RESULTS Data show that STZ-induced diabetic rats developed a significant tactile allodynia during 5 weeks. Diabetic rats that received E.EtOH (200 and 300 mg/kg) and F.EtOAc (250 and 500 mg/kg) had a pain threshold higher than those in the STZ-vehicle group. F.EtOAc effects were inhibited by pretreatment with naloxone and were not influenced by .-arginine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results suggest that the ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of C. macrophyllum presented antinociceptive activity. Thus, F.EtOAc may be exerting its effect by affecting the opioid system, but nitrergic mechanisms are not detectable. The observed activity may be due to its gallic acid, lupeol and bergenin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celyane Alves Piaulino
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina-PI, Brazil
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Ferreira-Filho ES, Arcanjo DDR, Moura LHP, da Silva-Filho JC, Paulino ET, Ribeiro EAN, Chaves MH, Oliveira RDCM, de Oliveira AP. Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of ethanol extract of stem barks from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2013; 51:661-669. [PMID: 24228390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Administration of ethanol extract of stem bark from Z. rhoifolium (EEtOH-ZR) induced hypotension associated with a dual effect in heart rate in normotensive rats. This response was highlighted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In rat superior mesenteric artery rings, the cumulative addition of EEtOH-ZR (0.1-750 microg/mL) on a phenylephrine-induced pre-contraction (10(-5) M) promoted a vasorelaxant effect by a concentration-dependent manner and independent of vascular endothelium. A similar effect was obtained on KCl-induced pre-contractions (80 mM). EEtOH-ZR attenuated contractions induced by cumulative addition of CaCl2 (10(-6)-3 x 10(-2) M) in depolarizing medium without Ca2+ only at 500 or 750 microg/mL. Likewise, on S-(-)-Bay K 8644-induced pre-contractions (10(-7) M), the EEtOH-ZR-induced vasorelaxant effect was attenuated. EEtOH-ZR (27, 81, 243 or 500 microg/mL) inhibited contractions induced by cumulative addition of phenylephrine (10(-9) - 10(-5) M) in endothelium-denuded preparations or by a single concentration (10(-5) M) in a Ca(2+)-free medium. The involvement of K+ channels was evaluated by tetraethylammonium (3 mM); the EEtOH-ZR-induced vasorelaxation was not attenuated. Thus, calcium influx blockade through voltage-operated calcium channels (CavL) and inhibition of calcium release from intracellular stores are probably underlying EEtOH-ZR-induced cardiovascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Santos Ferreira-Filho
- aMedicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, SG-15, 64049-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Brandão MS, Pereira SS, Lima DF, Oliveira JPC, Ferreira ELF, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC. Antinociceptive effect of Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae) in models of acute pain in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146:180-186. [PMID: 23276784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lecythis pisonis Camb., also known in Brazil as sapucaia, is used in folk medicine against pruritus, muscle pain and gastric ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antinociceptive effect of ethanol extract from Lecythis pisonis leaves (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ethyl acetate-LPEAF) and mixture of triterpenes [ursolic and oleanolic acids (MT)] in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPEE and LPEF were evaluated on the acetic acid induced writhings and formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In addition, MT was investigated on the writhings induced by acetic acid, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In the study of some possible mechanisms involved on the antinociceptive effect of LPEF, it was investigated the participation of opioid system, K+ATP channels and L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. RESULTS LPEE (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF and MT (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the writhings in comparison to saline. LPEE (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and LPEF (50 mg/kg, p.o.) were effective in inhibiting both phases of formalin test. In capsaicin test, LPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (12.5-50 mg/kg, p.o) and MT (6.25-25 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant antinociceptive effect compared to the control. LPEE (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and MT (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the glutamate-evoked nociceptive response. Treatment with naloxone, L-arginine and glibenclamide reversed the effect of LPEF in glutamate test. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antinociceptive effect of Lecythis pisonis leaves and suggest that this effect may be related to opioid pathway, K+ATP channels, and L-arginine-nitric oxide modulation. Furthermore, these data support the ethnomedical use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Brandão
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Brazil
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Brandão MS, Pereira SS, Lima DF, Oliveira JPC, Ferreira ELF, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC. Antinociceptive effect of Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae) in models of acute pain in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 146:180-186. [PMID: 23276784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lecythis pisonis Camb., also known in Brazil as sapucaia, is used in folk medicine against pruritus, muscle pain and gastric ulcer. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the antinociceptive effect of ethanol extract from Lecythis pisonis leaves (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ethyl acetate-LPEAF) and mixture of triterpenes [ursolic and oleanolic acids (MT)] in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS LPEE and LPEF were evaluated on the acetic acid induced writhings and formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In addition, MT was investigated on the writhings induced by acetic acid, capsaicin and glutamate tests. In the study of some possible mechanisms involved on the antinociceptive effect of LPEF, it was investigated the participation of opioid system, K+ATP channels and L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. RESULTS LPEE (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF and MT (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the writhings in comparison to saline. LPEE (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and LPEF (50 mg/kg, p.o.) were effective in inhibiting both phases of formalin test. In capsaicin test, LPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (12.5-50 mg/kg, p.o) and MT (6.25-25 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant antinociceptive effect compared to the control. LPEE (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.), LPEF (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) and MT (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the glutamate-evoked nociceptive response. Treatment with naloxone, L-arginine and glibenclamide reversed the effect of LPEF in glutamate test. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate the antinociceptive effect of Lecythis pisonis leaves and suggest that this effect may be related to opioid pathway, K+ATP channels, and L-arginine-nitric oxide modulation. Furthermore, these data support the ethnomedical use of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Brandão
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Brazil
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Santos FA, Frota JT, Arruda BR, de Melo TS, da Silva AADCA, Brito GADC, Chaves MH, Rao VS. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of α, β-amyrin, a triterpenoid mixture from Protium heptaphyllum in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:98. [PMID: 22867128 PMCID: PMC3484111 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pentacyclic triterpenes in general exert beneficial effects in metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effects of α, β-amyrin, a pentacyclic triterpene mixture from the resin of Protium heptaphyllum on blood sugar level and lipid profile in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, and in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Findings Mice treated with α, β-amyrin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg, p.o.) had significantly reduced STZ-induced increases in blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TC) and serum triglycerides (TGs). Unlike glibenclamide that showed significant reductions in BG, TC and TGs in normoglycemic mice, α, β-amyrin did not lower normal blood sugar levels but at 100 mg/kg, manifested a hypolipidemic effect. Also, α, β-amyrin effectively reduced the elevated plasma glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, the plasma insulin level and histopathological analysis of pancreas revealed the beneficial effect of α, β-amyrin in the preservation of beta cell integrity. In mice treated orally with α, β-amyrin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg) or fenofibrate (200 mg/kg), the HFD-associated rise in serum TC and TGs were significantly less. The hypocholesterolemic effect of α, β-amyrin appeared more prominent at 100 mg/kg with significant decreases in VLDL and LDL cholesterol and an elevation of HDL cholesterol. Besides, the atherogenic index was significantly reduced by α, β-amyrin. Conclusions These findings reflect the potential antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of α, β-amyrin mixture and suggest that it could be a lead compound for drug development effective in diabetes and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Lopes LDS, Marques RB, Fernandes HB, Pereira SDS, Ayres MCC, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC. Mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of (-) epicatechin obtained from the hydroalcoholic fraction of Combretum leprosum Mart & Eic in rodents. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:68. [PMID: 22830928 PMCID: PMC3500648 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of the antinociceptive activity of (-) epicatechin (EPI), a compound isolated from the hydroalcoholic fraction of Combreum leprosum Mart & Eicher. METHODS were assessed in the model of chemical nociception induced by glutamate (20 μmol/paw). To evaluate the mechanisms involved, the animals , male Swiss mice (25-30 g), received EPI (50 mg/kg p.o.) after pretreatment with naloxone (2 mg/kg s.c. opioid antagonist), glibenclamide (2 mg/kg s.c. antagonist K + channels sensitive to ATP), ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg s.c. antagonist of receptor 5-HT(2A)), yoimbine (0.15 mg/kg s.c. α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist), pindolol (1 mg/kg s.c. 5-HT1(a)/1(b) receptor antagonist), atropine (0.1 mg/kg s.c. muscarinic antagonist) and caffeine (3 mg/kg s.c. adenosine receptor antagonist), ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg s.c. for 5-HT(3) receptor) and L-arginine (600 mg/kg i.p.). RESULTS The antinociceptive effect of EPI was reversed by pretreatment with naloxone and glibenclamide, ketanserin, yoimbine, atropine and pindolol, which demonstrates the involvement of opioid receptors and potassium channels sensitive to ATP, the serotoninergic (receptor 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2A)), adrenergic (receptor alpha 2) and cholinergic (muscarinic receptor) systems in the activities that were observed. The effects of EPI, however, were not reversed by pretreatment with caffeine, L-arginine or ondansetron, which shows that there is no involvement of 5HT(3) receptors or the purinergic and nitrergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of EPI. In the Open Field and Rotarod test, EPI had no significant effect, which shows that there was no central nervous system depressant or muscle relaxant effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the antinociceptive activity of EPI in the glutamate model involves the participation of the opioid system, serotonin, adrenergic and cholinergic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano da Silva Lopes
- NPPM - Medicinal Plants Research Center, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Silva LL, Gomes BS, Sousa-Neto BP, Oliveira JPC, Ferreira ELF, Chaves MH, Oliveira FA. Effects of Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae) in a mouse model of pruritus. J Ethnopharmacol 2012; 139:90-7. [PMID: 22063727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lecythis pisonis Camb. (Lecythidaceae), is popularly known as "Sapucaia". In traditional medicine, leaves are used for the treatment of pruritus. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study is aimed to investigate the antipruritic effect of the ethanol extract from leaves of Lecythis pisonis (LPEE), fractions (hexane-LPHF, ether-LPEF and ethyl acetate-LPEAF) and mixture of triterpenes [ursolic and oleanolic acids (MT)] in mice and rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The LPEE, LPHF, LPEF, LPEAF and MT were evaluated on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in mice. In addition, LPEE, LPEF and MT were investigated on rat peritoneal mast cells degranulation induced by compound 48/80 (ex vivo study). The anti-inflammatory activity of LPEE and LPEF was investigated in rats using carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. In the evaluation of the spontaneous motor activity, the LPEE was studied for its effect on spontaneous motor activity in an open-field test in mice. RESULTS The scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 was significantly inhibited in mice pretreated with LPEE, LPHF, LPEF, LPEAF and MT. The suppressive effect of LPEE, LPEF and MT was only partially antagonized by naloxone. In addition, the compound 48/80-elicited degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells was also markedly reduced in animals pretreated with LPEE, LPEF and MT. In the anti-inflammatory test, LPEE decreased the paw edema at the third hour after carrageenan (Carr) administration. Moreover, LPEF also was able to inhibit the oedematogenic response evoked by carr at all analysed time points. In the open-field test, LPEE-pretreated mice showed no impairment of spontaneous locomotion. Furthermore, the LPEE demonstrated no overt toxicity up to an oral dose of 2g/kg in an acute toxicity assay. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly indicate the antipruritic effects of Lecythis pisonis leaves and suggest that this effect may be related to a stabilizing action on mast cell membrane. Furthermore, these data support the traditional use of this plant against cutaneous pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Silva
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Freitas FFBP, Fernandes HB, Piauilino CA, Pereira SS, Carvalho KIM, Chaves MH, Soares PMG, Miura LMCV, Leite JRSA, Oliveira RCM, Oliveira FA. Gastroprotective activity of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. in animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 137:700-708. [PMID: 21723384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The stem barks of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae), locally known as "mamica de cadela", are popularly used in dyspepsies, stomachic, tonic, antitumoral, antipyretic and are used in treating flatulence and colic. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (EEZR) stem barks in acute gastric lesion models, investigating their possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used for the evaluation of the acute toxicity, and mice and rats to study the gastroprotective activity. The gastroprotective action of EEZR was analyzed in the absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol and indomethacin-induced gastric lesion models in mice, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion in rats. In the investigation of the gastroprotective mechanisms of EEZR, the participation of the NO-synthase pathway, ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)), the levels of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and the catalase activity using the ethanol-induced gastric mucosa lesion model and the quantification of the gastric mucus and the antisecretory activity through pylorus ligature model in rats were analyzed. RESULTS The animals did not present any signs of acute toxicity for the EEZR (up to the 4 g/kg dose, po), and it was not possible to calculate the DL(50). EEZR (125-500 mg/kg) exhibited a significant gastroprotective effect in absolute ethanol, HCl/ethanol, hypothermic-restraint stress, and ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric lesion models. EEZR (250 and 500 mg/kg) exhibited still a gastroprotective activity in the indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Gastroprotection of EEZR was significantly decreased in pre-treated mice with l-NAME or glibenclamide, the respective nitric oxide synthase and K(ATP) channels inhibitors. Our studies revealed that EEZR (500 mg/kg) prevented the decrease of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH) and increased the catalase levels in ethanol-treated animals. Furthermore, the extract (500 mg/kg) significantly increased the mucus production, however, the gastric secretion parameters (volume, [H(+)], pH) did not show any alteration. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the ethanolic extract of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium exhibits a significant gastroprotection, because it inhibits the formation of gastric lesions using different models. The release of the nitric oxide, the opening of the K(ATP) channels, the participation of the non-protein sulfhydril groups (NP-SH), catalase and the increase of mucous secretion seem to be involved in the gastroprotection activity of the EEZR. Nevertheless, this activity does not seem to be related to antisecretory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F B P Freitas
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Melo CM, Carvalho KMMB, Neves JCDS, Morais TC, Rao VS, Santos FA, Brito GADC, Chaves MH. α,β-amyrin, a natural triterpenoid ameliorates L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4272-80. [PMID: 20818810 PMCID: PMC2937107 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i34.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the beneficial effects of triterpene α,β-amyrin and the underlying mechanisms in an experimental pancreatitis model.
METHODS: Acute pancreatitis was induced in five groups of rats (n = 8) by L-arginine (2 × 2.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal, 1 h apart) and 1 h later, they received a single oral dose of α,β-amyrin (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg), methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) and vehicle (3% Tween 80). A saline (0.9% NaCl) treated group served as a normal control. Efficacy was assessed at 24 h by determination of serum levels of amylase, lipase and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6], pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)], nitrate/nitrite levels, and the wet weight/body weight ratio. Tissue histology and the immunoreactivity for TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) were performed.
RESULTS: α,β-amyrin and methylprednisolone treatments significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the L-arginine-induced increases in pancreatic wet weight/body weight ratio, and decreased the serum levels of amylase and lipase, and TNF-α and IL-6, as compared to the vehicle control. Also, pancreatic levels of MPO activity, TBARS, and nitrate/nitrite were significantly lower. Histological findings and TNF-α and iNOS immunostaining further confirmed the amelioration of pancreatic injury by α,β-amyrin.
CONCLUSION: α,β-amyrin has the potential to combat acute pancreatitis by acting as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.
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Pereira SS, Lopes LS, Marques RB, Figueiredo KA, Costa DA, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC. Antinociceptive effect of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae) in models of acute pain in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 129:227-231. [PMID: 20304040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. (Rutaceae) is locally known as "mamica de cadela", and its bark is popularly used for toothache and earache. The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of the ethanolic extract from this species' stem bark (EtOH), its fractions of partition (hexane-HEX, ethyl acetate-AcOEt, aqueous-AQ) and lupeol (a triterpene obtained from HEX) in models of acute pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female Swiss mice (25-35 g, n=6-12 animals/group) were used to assess acute toxicity and nociception (Animal Ethics Committee/UFPI, No. 09/2008). Acute toxicity was studied up to 2 g/kg p.o. of EtOH. In the formalin test (2%, 20 microL/paw), the licking time of the stimulated paw was quantified during the first 5 min (first phase) and at 15-30 min (second phase), 1h after oral treatment with EtOH, HEX, AcOEt or saline, and 30 min after use of morphine-MOR (5 mg/kg i.p.). The same response evoked by capsaicin (2 microg/20 microL/paw) was quantified during 5 min, after administration of EtOH, HEX, AcOEt, AQ, saline and MOR. The licking time of the paw that was stimulated with glutamate (10 micromol/20 microL) was measured (15 min) after treatment with EtOH, HEX, AcOEt, AQ, lupeol, saline or MK801 (0.03 mg/kg, i.p.). Mice were submitted to the rota-rod task and open-field test in order to assess any non-specific muscle-relaxant or sedative effects of EtOH (250 mg/kg p.o.) and HEX (500 mg/kg p.o.). RESULTS The animals did not exhibit any acute toxicity to EtOH (up to 2 g/kg p.o.), so it was not possible to calculate the LD50. EtOH, HEX and AcOEt (62.5-250 mg/kg) produced a significant antinociceptive effect in the formalin and capsaicin tests. However, AQ was ineffective. EtOH, HEX, AcOEt and lupeol reduced the glutamate-evoked nociceptive response, but AQ had no effect. EtOH and HEX did not alter the locomotion of animals in the open-field or rota-rod tests, which suggest a lack of a central depressant effect. CONCLUSION The results confirm the popular use of Zanthoxylum rhoifolium as an analgesic, and contribute to the pharmacological knowledge of this species because it was shown that EtOH and its less polar partition fractions (HEX, AcOEt) have an antinociceptive effect in models of chemical nociception, and that lupeol appears to be one of the constituents responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Pereira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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da Silva RB, Lima Neto AF, Soares Dos Santos LS, de Oliveira Lima JR, Chaves MH, Dos Santos JR, de Lima GM, de Moura EM, de Moura CVR. Catalysts of Cu(II) and Co(II) ions adsorbed in chitosan used in transesterification of soy bean and babassu oils - a new route for biodiesel syntheses. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:6793-6798. [PMID: 18440802 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts of Cu(II) and Co(II) adsorbed in chitosan was used in transesterification of soy bean and babassu oils. The catalysts were characterized by infrared, atomic absorption and TG, and biodiesels was characterized by infrared, NMR, CG, TG, physic chemistry analysis. The maximum adsorption values found for copper and cobalt cations were 1.584 and 1.260mgg(-1), respectively, in 180min. However, conversion of oils in biodiesel was better when used Co(II) adsorbed in chitosan.
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Holanda Pinto SA, Pinto LMS, Guedes MA, Cunha GMA, Chaves MH, Santos FA, Rao VS. Antinoceptive effect of triterpenoid alpha,beta-amyrin in rats on orofacial pain induced by formalin and capsaicin. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:630-634. [PMID: 18164607 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alpha,beta-amyrin, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphylum was investigated on rat model of orofacial pain induced by formalin or capsaicin. Rats were pretreated with alpha,beta-amyrin (10, 30, and 100mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (5mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle (3% Tween 80), before formalin (20 microl, 1.5%) or capsaicin (20 microl, 1.5 microg) injection into the right vibrissa. In vehicle-treated controls, formalin induced a biphasic nociceptive face-rubbing behavioral response with an early first phase (0-5 min) and a late second phase (10-20 min) appearance, whereas capsaicin produced an immediate face-rubbing (grooming) behavior that was maximal at 10-20 min. Treatment with alpha,beta-amyrin or morphine significantly inhibited the face-rubbing response in both test models. While morphine produced significant antinociception in both phases of formalin test, alpha,beta-amyrin inhibited only the second phase response, more prominently at 30 mg/kg, in a naloxone-sensitive manner. In contrast, alpha,beta-amyrin produced much greater antinociceptive effect at 100mg/kg in the capsaicin test, which was also naloxone-sensitive. These results provide first time evidence to show that alpha,beta-amyrin attenuates orofacial pain at least, in part, through a peripheral opioid mechanism but warrants further detailed study for its utility in painful orofacial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Holanda Pinto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, POB 3157, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo-1127, Porangabussu, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Holanda Pinto SA, Pinto LMS, Cunha GMA, Chaves MH, Santos FA, Rao VS. Anti-inflammatory effect of alpha, beta-Amyrin, a pentacyclic triterpene from Protium heptaphyllum in rat model of acute periodontitis. Inflammopharmacology 2008; 16:48-52. [PMID: 18046512 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-007-1609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of triterpene alpha, beta-amyrin in rats on acute phase periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the maxillary right second molar tooth. Rats (n = 8/group) were pretreated with alpha, beta-amyrin (5 and 10 mg/kg, p. o.), two hours before the induction of periodontal inflammation. Sham-operated and positive controls (lumiracoxib and dexamethasone) were included. Six hours later, plasma levels of TNF-alpha were analysed. Rats were sacrificed at 24 h, and the gingival tissue analysed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), as measures of neutrophil influx and lipid-peroxidation, respectively alpha, beta-Amyrin as well as dexamethasone significantly inhibited the periodontitis-associated increases of TNF-alpha, and the gingival MPO and TBARS. alpha, beta-Amyrin effect was more prominent at 5 mg/kg. Lumiracoxib manifested varied influence on the studied parameters. These results provide evidence to show that alpha, beta-Amyrin retards acute inflammation in rat model of periodontitis and warrant further study on its efficacy to prevent chronic periodontitis-associated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Holanda Pinto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Post-Graduation Programme in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, POB 3157, Rua Cel Nunes de Melo, 1127, Porangabussu, 60430-270, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Aued-Pimentel S, Lago JHG, Chaves MH, Kumagai EE. Evaluation of a methylation procedure to determine cyclopropenoids fatty acids from Sterculia striata St. Hil. Et Nauds seed oil. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1054:235-9. [PMID: 15553149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropenoids fatty acids (CPFA) from Sterculia striata seed oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) after derivation to fatty acid methyl esters using a cold base-catalyzed procedure. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis were done in oil and fatty acid methyl esters derivatives to quantify CPFA and verify artifacts formation during the base-catalyzed reaction. Similar quantities of CPFA were found in S. striata and Sterculia foetida seed oils before and after a base-catalyzed methylation by NMR analysis, with no artifact formation. These results were compatible with those obtained by GC-FID analysis. Transmethylation with KOH in methanol was an appropriated method to prepare cyclopropenoids fatty acids methyl esters and quantify them by GC and NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabria Aued-Pimentel
- Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Divisão de Bromatologia e Química, CP 1783, 01059-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Vieira Júnior GM, Souza CMLD, Chaves MH. Resina de Protium heptaphyllum: isolamento, caracterização estrutural e avaliação das propriedades térmicas. QUIM NOVA 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-40422005000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Three new azaanthracene alkaloids, 6,7-dimethoxycleistopholine (3), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxycleistopholine (4), and 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxycleistopholine (5), along with 14 known alkaloids, including the new natural product 6-methoxycleistopholine (2), were isolated from a CH2Cl2 extract of the branches of Porcelia macrocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Chaves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-900 Brazil
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