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Kobayashi T, Nagata M, Hachiya T, Wakita H, Ikehata Y, Takahashi K, China T, Shimizu F, Lu J, Jin Y, Lu Y, Ide H, Horie S. Increased circulating polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with prognosis of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372771. [PMID: 38887300 PMCID: PMC11180772 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) exhibits immunosuppressive functions and affects cancer progression, but its relationship with prostate cancer remains unclear. We elucidated the association of polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) and monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) levels of the total peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with prostate cancer progression and evaluated their roles as prognostic indicators. Methods We enrolled 115 patients with non-metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (nmHSPC, n = 62), metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC, n = 23), and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC, n = 30). Subsequently, the proportions of MDSCs in each disease progression were compared. Log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to ascertain the associations of overall survival. Results The patients with mCRPC had significantly higher PMN-MDSC percentage than those with nmHSPC and mHSPC (P = 7.73 × 10-5 and 0.0014). Significantly elevated M-MDSC levels were observed in mCRPC patients aged <70 years (P = 0.016) and with a body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 (P = 0.043). The high PMN-MDSC group had notably shorter median survival duration (159 days) than the low PMN-MDSC group (768 days, log-rank P = 0.018). In the multivariate analysis including age, BMI, and MDSC subset, PMN-MDSC was significantly associated with prognosis (hazard ratios, 3.48; 95% confidence interval: 1.05-11.56, P = 0.042). Discussion PMN-MDSC levels are significantly associated with mCRPC prognosis. Additionally, we highlight the remarkable associations of age and BMI with M-MDSC levels in mCRPC, offering novel insights into MDSC dynamics in prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nagata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Wakita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ikehata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki China
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiming Jin
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ide
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Informatics for Genetic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Möller M, Orth V, Umansky V, Hetjens S, Braun V, Reißfelder C, Hardt J, Seyfried S. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood as predictive biomarkers in patients with solid tumors undergoing immune checkpoint therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403771. [PMID: 38855104 PMCID: PMC11157008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic approaches, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, are increasingly recognized for their potential. Despite notable successes, patient responses to these treatments vary significantly. The absence of reliable predictive and prognostic biomarkers hampers the ability to foresee outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the predictive significance of circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in patients with solid tumors undergoing ICI therapy, focusing on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed and EMBASE from January 2007 to November 2023, utilizing keywords related to MDSC and ICI. We extracted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) directly from the publications or calculated them based on the reported data. A hazard ratio greater than 1 indicated a beneficial effect of low MDSC levels. We assessed heterogeneity and effect size through subgroup analyses. Results Our search yielded 4,023 articles, of which 17 studies involving 1,035 patients were included. The analysis revealed that patients with lower levels of circulating MDSC experienced significantly improved OS (HR=2.13 [95% CI 1.51-2.99]) and PFS (HR=1.87 [95% CI 1.29-2.72]) in response to ICI therapy. Notably, heterogeneity across these outcomes was primarily attributed to differences in polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC) subpopulations and varying cutoff methodologies used in the studies. The monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) subpopulation emerged as a consistent and significant prognostic marker across various subgroup analyses, including ethnicity, tumor type, ICI target, sample size, and cutoff methodology. Conclusions Our findings suggest that standardized assessment of MDSC, particularly M-MDSC, should be integral to ICI therapy strategies. These cells hold the promise of identifying patients at risk of poor response to ICI therapy, enabling tailored treatment approaches. Further research focusing on the standardization of markers and validation of cutoff methods is crucial for integrating MDSC into clinical practice. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023420095, identifier CRD42023420095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Möller
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vanessa Orth
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Svetlana Hetjens
- Department of Biometry and Statistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Braun
- Department of Library and Information Sciences, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-Hector Cancer Institute, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Julia Hardt
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen Seyfried
- Department of Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Rani D, Kaur S, Shahjahan, Dey JK, Dey SK. Engineering immune response to regulate cardiovascular disease and cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:381-417. [PMID: 38762276 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality. This book chapter delves into the intricate relationship between the immune system and the pathogenesis of both cardiovascular and cancer diseases, exploring the roles of innate and adaptive immunities, immune regulation, and immunotherapy in these complex conditions. The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against tissue damage and infection, with a significant impact on the initiation and progression of CVD and cancer. Endothelial dysfunction, a hallmark in CVD, shares commonalities with the tumor microenvironment in cancer, emphasizing the parallel involvement of the immune system in both conditions. The adaptive immune system, particularly T cells, contributes to prolonged inflammation in both CVD and cancer. Regulatory T cells and the intricate balance between different T cell subtypes influence disease progression, wound healing, and the outcomes of ischemic injury and cancer immunosurveillance. Dysregulation of immune homeostasis can lead to chronic inflammation, contributing to the development and progression of both CVD and cancer. Thus, immunotherapy emerged as a promising avenue for preventing and managing these diseases, with strategies targeting immune cell modulation, cytokine manipulation, immune checkpoint blockade, and tolerance induction. The impact of gut microbiota on CVD and cancer too is explored in this chapter, highlighting the role of gut leakiness, microbial metabolites, and the potential for microbiome-based interventions in cardiovascular and cancer immunotherapies. In conclusion, immunomodulatory strategies and immunotherapy hold promise in reshaping the landscape of cardiovascular and cancer health. Additionally, harnessing the gut microbiota for immune modulation presents a novel approach to prevent and manage these complex diseases, emphasizing the importance of personalized and precision medicine in healthcare. Ongoing research and clinical trials are expected to further elucidate the complex immunological underpinnings of CVD and cancer thereby refining these innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Rani
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Smaranjot Kaur
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shahjahan
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joy Kumar Dey
- Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy, Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar Dey
- Laboratory for Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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Yokota S, Yonezawa T, Momoi Y, Maeda S. Myeloid derived suppressor cells in peripheral blood can be a prognostic factor in canine transitional cell carcinoma. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 269:110716. [PMID: 38308864 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature cells with immunosuppressive properties found in the tumor microenvironment. MDSCs are divided into two major subsets: polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). Both MDSC subsets contribute to the creation of an immunosuppressive environment for tumor progression. In humans, patients with high levels of MDSCs show worse outcomes for several types of cancers. However, the association between MDSCs and clinical features has rarely been investigated in canine studies. In the present study, we measured the proportion of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in the peripheral blood and tumor tissue of dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prostate cancer (PC), transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), lymphoma, and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Additionally, we examined immunosuppressive ability of PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of TCC case on CD4+, CD8+ and interferon-γ+ cells and investigated the relationships of MDSCs with clinical features and outcomes. PMN-MDSCs increased in HCC, PC, TCC, and lymphoma. In contrast, M-MDSCs increased in the TCC. Both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs exhibited immunosuppressive effects on CD8+, CD4+ and interferon-γ+ cells. In dogs with TCC, lymph node metastasis was associated with high level of PMN-MDSCs but not with M-MDSCs. High levels of both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were related to advanced tumor stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high levels of both PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. In addition, the Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that M-MDSCs and the tumor stage were independent prognostic factors for TCC. These results suggest that PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs may be involved in tumor progression and could be prognostic factors and promising therapeutic targets in dogs with TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Yokota
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Guraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yonezawa
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Guraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Guraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathobiology, Guraduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Wang R, Liu Z, Wang T, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhou Q. Landscape of adenosine pathway and immune checkpoint dual blockade in NSCLC: progress in basic research and clinical application. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1320244. [PMID: 38348050 PMCID: PMC10859755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1320244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer poses a global threat to human health, while common cancer treatments (chemotherapy and targeted therapies) have limited efficacy. Immunotherapy offers hope of sustained remission for many patients with lung cancer, but a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to treatment owing to immune resistance. There is extensive evidence to suggest the immunosuppressive microenvironment as the cause of this treatment failure. Numerous studies have suggested that the adenosine (ADO) pathway plays an important role in the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and may be a key factor in the development of immune resistance in EGFR-mutant cell lung cancer. Inhibition of this pathway may therefore be a potential target to achieve effective reversal of ADO pathway-mediated immune resistance. Recently, an increasing number of clinical trials have begun to address the broad prospects of using the ADO pathway as an immunotherapeutic strategy. However, few researchers have summarized the theoretical basis and clinical rationale of the ADO pathway and immune checkpoint dual blockade in a systematic and detailed manner, particularly in lung cancer. As such, a timely review of the potential value of the ADO pathway in combination with immunotherapy strategies for lung cancer is warranted. This comprehensive review first describes the role of ADO in the formation of a lung tumor-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, discusses the key mechanisms of ADO inhibitors in reversing lung immunosuppression, and highlights recent evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of ADO inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint blockers to improve the lung cancer immunosuppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulan Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenkun Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiabi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Elsafy S, Metselaar J, Lammers T. Nanomedicine - Immune System Interactions: Limitations and Opportunities for the Treatment of Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:231-265. [PMID: 37578622 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles interact with immune cells in many different ways. These interactions are crucially important for determining nanoparticles' ability to be used for cancer therapy. Traditionally, strategies such as PEGylation have been employed to reduce (the kinetics of) nanoparticle uptake by immune cells, to endow them with long circulation properties, and to enable them to exploit the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect to accumulate in tumors. More recently, with immunotherapy becoming an increasingly important cornerstone in the clinical management of cancer, ever more research efforts in academia and industry are focusing on specifically targeting immune cells with nanoparticles. In this chapter, we describe the barriers and opportunities of immune cell targeting with nanoparticles, and we discuss how nanoparticle-based drug delivery to specific immune cell populations in tumors as well as in secondary myeloid and lymphoid organs (such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen) can be leveraged to boost the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsafy
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josbert Metselaar
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Tufail M. Unlocking the potential of the tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154846. [PMID: 37837860 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) holds a crucial role in the progression of cancer. Epithelial-derived tumors share common traits in shaping the TME. The Warburg effect is a notable phenomenon wherein tumor cells exhibit resistance to apoptosis and an increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production. Recognizing the pivotal role of the TME in controlling tumor growth and influencing responses to chemotherapy, researchers have focused on developing potential cancer treatment strategies. A wide array of therapies, including immunotherapies, antiangiogenic agents, interventions targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), and therapies directed at the extracellular matrix, have been under investigation and have demonstrated efficacy. Additionally, innovative techniques such as tumor tissue explants, "tumor-on-a-chip" models, and multicellular tumor spheres have been explored in laboratory research. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the intricate cross-talk between cancer-associated signaling pathways and the TME in cancer progression, current therapeutic approaches targeting the TME, the immune landscape within solid tumors, the role of the viral TME, and cancer cell metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Timmer FEF, Geboers B, Scheffer HJ, Bakker J, Ruarus AH, Dijkstra M, van der Lei S, Boon R, Nieuwenhuizen S, van den Bemd BAT, Schouten EAC, van den Tol PM, Puijk RS, de Vries JJJ, de Gruijl TD, Meijerink MR. Tissue Resistance Decrease during Irreversible Electroporation of Pancreatic Cancer as a Biomarker for the Adaptive Immune Response and Survival. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023; 34:1777-1784.e4. [PMID: 37391072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate irreversible electroporation (IRE) procedural resistance changes with survival outcomes and the IRE-induced systemic immune response in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on IRE procedural tissue resistance (R) features and survival outcomes were collected from patients with LAPC treated within the context of 2 prospective clinical trials in a single tertiary center. Preprocedural and postprocedural peripheral blood samples were prospectively collected for immune monitoring. The change (ie, decrease) in R during the first 10 test pulses (ΔR10p) and during the total procedure (ΔRtotal) were calculated. Patients were divided in 2 groups on the basis of the median change in R (large ΔR vs small ΔR) and compared for differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival and immune cell subsets. RESULTS A total of 54 patients were included; of these, 20 underwent immune monitoring. Linear regression modeling showed that the first 10 test pulses reflected the change in tissue resistance during the total procedure appropriately (P < .001; R2 = 0.91). A large change in tissue resistance significantly correlated with a better OS (P = .026) and longer time to disease progression (P = .045). Furthermore, a large change in tissue resistance was associated with CD8+ T cell activation through significant upregulation of Ki-67+ (P = .02) and PD-1+ (P = .047). Additionally, this subgroup demonstrated significantly increased expression of CD80 on conventional dendritic cells (cDC1; P = .027) and PD-L1 on immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (P = .039). CONCLUSIONS IRE procedural resistance changes may serve as a biomarker for survival and IRE-induced systemic CD8+ T cell and cDC1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentine E F Timmer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Geboers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hester J Scheffer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Bakker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alette H Ruarus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon Dijkstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susan van der Lei
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Boon
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bente A T van den Bemd
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien A C Schouten
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robbert S Puijk
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwen Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan J J de Vries
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Meijerink
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chen N, Xu X, Fan Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: where are we and where are we going? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231189420. [PMID: 37547447 PMCID: PMC10399266 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231189420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a kind of malignant tumour with high invasiveness and a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), is a rapidly growing therapeutic method that activates and enhances anti-tumour immunity to treat patients with malignancy. Several clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy of ICIs in the treatment of ESCC. ICIs have been approved for the treatment of patients with ESCC. However, only a subset of patients can obtain excellent benefits from ICI therapy. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response. In this review, we highlighted the predictive biomarkers for the prognosis of ESCC patients treated with ICIs and pointed out the existing problems and the direction of future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Medical Thoracic Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 East Banshan Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
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Doi M, Tanaka H, Ohoto T, Miura N, Sakurai Y, Hatakeyama H, Akita H. Reactivation of Anticancer Immunity by Resetting Interorgan Crosstalk in Immune-Suppressive Cells with a Nanoparticulated Anti-Inflammatory Drug. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205131. [PMID: 36703512 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The reactivation of anticancer immunity is a fundamental principle in cancer immunotherapy as evidenced by the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). While treatment with the ICIs is shown to have remarkable and durable therapeutic effects in the responders, the low objective response rate (<40%) continues to be a major problem. Since myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), heterogenous cells with strong immunosuppressive activity that originate in the hematopoietic system, suppress the anticancer immunity via parallel immune checkpoint-dependent and independent pathways, these cells are potential targets for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this study, it is demonstrated that MDSCs can be depleted by delivering synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone to phagocytic cells in the spleen using a lipid nanoparticle. Since the interaction of nanoparticles with T cells is intrinsically poor, this strategy also enables the "detargeting" from T cells, thus avoiding the nonspecific suppression of cytotoxic immune responses against cancer cells. In addition to the direct anticancer effect of the nanoparticulated dexamethasone, their synergistic anticancer effect with ICIs is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Doi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Takara Ohoto
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Naoya Miura
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of Drug Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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11
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Bronte G, Conteduca V, Landriscina M, Procopio AD. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and survival in prostate cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:41-46. [PMID: 36411316 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has not achieved improvement of survival in prostate cancer patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumor microenvironment can hamper its efficacy. Some preclinical studies explored the role of MDSCs in prostate cancer development. We aimed to verify the availability of studies exploring the prognostic effect of circulating MDSCs in prostate cancer patients. METHODS We systematically selected studies for a meta-analysis, which compares survival between prostate cancer patients with high vs low circulating MDSC levels. We extracted or calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and relative 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in terms of overall survival (OS) from selected studies. We calculated the pooled HR and relative 95% CIs and estimated publication bias. RESULTS Among 133 studies retrieved from search on Pubmed, 5 eligible studies (236 prostate cancer patients) met inclusion criteria. High circulating MDSC levels are associated with a worse OS (HR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.51-3.17). Heterogeneity was not significant (I2 = 0%; p = 0.64). Publication bias was also not significant (Egger's test, p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS High levels of circulating MDSCs induce a worse OS in prostate cancer patients than in those with low levels. This finding supports the importance of MDSC detection and targeting also in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health and Sciences on Ageing (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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12
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The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Its Ligands S100A8/A9 and High Mobility Group Box Protein 1 (HMGB1) Are Key Regulators of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041026. [PMID: 36831371 PMCID: PMC9954573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies including checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) have revolutionized cancer treatment for patients with certain cancers. However, these treatments are not effective for all cancers, and even for those cancers that do respond, not all patients benefit. Most cancer patients have elevated levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that are potent inhibitors of antitumor immunity, and clinical and animal studies have demonstrated that neutralization of MDSCs may restore immune reactivity and enhance CBI and CAR-T immunotherapies. MDSCs are homeostatically regulated in that elimination of mature circulating and intratumoral MDSCs results in increased production of MDSCs from bone marrow progenitor cells. Therefore, targeting MDSC development may provide therapeutic benefit. The pro-inflammatory molecules S100A8/A9 and high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and their receptor RAGE are strongly associated with the initiation and progression of most cancers. This article summarizes the literature demonstrating that these molecules are integrally involved in the early development, accumulation, and suppressive activity of MDSCs, and postulates that S100A8/A9 and HMGB1 serve as early biomarkers of disease and in conjunction with RAGE are potential targets for reducing MDSC levels and enhancing CBI and CAR-T immunotherapies.
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13
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Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010866. [PMID: 36614308 PMCID: PMC9821648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the role of inflammation in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Neoplastic as well as surrounding stromal and inflammatory cells engage in well-orchestrated reciprocal interactions to establish an inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The tumor-associated inflammatory tissue is highly plastic, capable of continuously modifying its phenotypic and functional characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the development of urological cancers. Here, we review the origins of inflammation in urothelial, prostatic, renal, testicular, and penile cancers, focusing on the mechanisms that drive tumor initiation, growth, progression, and metastasis. We also discuss how tumor-associated inflammatory tissue may be a diagnostic marker of clinically significant tumor progression risk and the target for future anti-cancer therapies.
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14
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the myeloid-derived immune suppression associated with cancer and infectious disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36593497 PMCID: PMC9809056 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are immature heterogeneous bone marrow cells, have been described as potent immune regulators in human and murine cancer models. The distribution of MDSCs varies across organs and is divided into three subpopulations: granulocytic MDSCs or polymorphonuclear MDSCs (G-MDSCs or PMN-MDSCs), monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), as well as a recently identified early precursor MDSC (eMDSCs) in humans. Activated MDSCs induce the inactivation of NK cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells through a variety of mechanisms, thus promoting the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. ER stress plays an important protecting role in the survival of MDSC, which aggravates the immunosuppression in tumors. In addition, ferroptosis can promote an anti-tumor immune response by reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review summarizes immune suppression by MDSCs with a focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated immune suppression in cancer and infectious disease, in particular leprosy and tuberculosis.
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15
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Koerner J, Horvath D, Oliveri F, Li J, Basler M. Suppression of prostate cancer and amelioration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through selective immunoproteasome inhibition. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2156091. [PMID: 36531689 PMCID: PMC9757486 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2156091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment options to battle hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma (PC) are a pressing medical need. Chronic inflammation has been implicated in PC etiology. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17 are key mediators to promote growth of PC. Here, we evaluate the potential of immunoproteasome inhibition for anti-inflammatory and direct anti-tumorigenic therapy of PC. The anti-tumor effect of immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX 0914 was tested in mouse and human PC cells and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of immunoproteasome inhibition was analyzed in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice in preventive and therapeutic settings and in castration-resistant (CR)PC after castration. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 induced apoptotic cell death in PC cell lines. In TRAMP mice, ONX 0914-treatment resulted in significant inhibition of PC growth with a decreased frequency of malignant prostatic lesions and inhibition of metastasis formation. The number of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in PC was greatly reduced in response to ONX 0914. Thus, immunoproteasome inhibition shows remarkable efficacy against PC progression in vivo and impedes tumor recurrence in CRPC-TRAMP mice by blocking the immunosuppressive inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, we show that the immunoproteasome is a promising drug target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koerner
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dennis Horvath
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franziska Oliveri
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China,Jun Li Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Han Yu Road 181, 400030 Chongqing, China
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland,CONTACT Michael Basler Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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16
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Liu H, Zeng X, Ren X, Zhang Y, Huang M, Tan L, Dai Z, Lai J, Xie W, Chen Z, Peng S, Xu L, Chen S, Shen S, Kuang M, Lin S. Targeting tumour-intrinsic N 7-methylguanosine tRNA modification inhibits MDSC recruitment and improves anti-PD-1 efficacy. Gut 2022:gutjnl-2022-327230. [PMID: 36283801 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) exhibits very low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. We investigate the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) of ICCs and the underlying regulatory mechanisms with the aim of developing new target to inhibit tumour growth and improve anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) efficacy. DESIGN Tumour tissues from patients with ICC together with hydrodynamic ICC mouse models were employed to identify the key cell population in TIME of ICCs. Functional analysis and mechanism studies were performed using cell culture, conditional knockout mouse model and hydrodynamic transfection ICC model. The efficacy of single or combined therapy with anti-PD-1 antibody, gene knockout and chemical inhibitor were evaluated in vivo. RESULTS Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are enriched in advanced ICCs and significantly correlated with N7-methylguanosine tRNA methyltransferase METTL1. Using diverse in vivo cancer models, we demonstrate the crucial immunomodulator function of METTL1 in regulation of PMN-MDSC accumulation in TIME and ICC progression. Mechanistically, CXCL8 in human and Cxcl5 in mouse are key translational targets of METTL1 that facilitate its function in promoting PMN-MDSC accumulation in TIME and ICC progression in vivo. Co-blockade of METTL1 and its downstream chemokine pathway enhances the anti-PD-1 efficacy in ICC preclinical mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our data uncover novel mechanisms underlying chemokine regulation and TIME shaping at the layer of messenger RNA translation level and provide new insights for development of efficient cancer immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Liu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuezhen Zeng
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuxin Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manling Huang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Tan
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihao Dai
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxuan Xie
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sui Peng
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuling Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Division of Interventional Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunli Shen
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China .,Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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17
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Dendritic Cells: The Long and Evolving Road towards Successful Targetability in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193028. [PMID: 36230990 PMCID: PMC9563837 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a unique myeloid cell lineage that play a central role in the priming of the adaptive immune response. As such, they are an attractive target for immune oncology based therapeutic approaches. However, targeting these cells has proven challenging with many studies proving inconclusive or of no benefit in a clinical trial setting. In this review, we highlight the known and unknown about this rare but powerful immune cell. As technologies have expanded our understanding of the complexity of DC development, subsets and response features, we are now left to apply this knowledge to the design of new therapeutic strategies in cancer. We propose that utilization of these technologies through a multiomics approach will allow for an improved directed targeting of DCs in a clinical trial setting. In addition, the DC research community should consider a consensus on subset nomenclature to distinguish new subsets from functional or phenotypic changes in response to their environment.
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18
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Boosting the Immune Response—Combining Local and Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182793. [PMID: 36139368 PMCID: PMC9496996 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its slow progression and susceptibility to radical forms of treatment, low-grade PC is associated with high overall survival (OS). With the clinical progression of PC, the therapy is becoming more complex. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) makes PC a difficult target for most immunotherapeutics. Its general immune resistance is established by e.g., immune evasion through Treg cells, synthesis of immunosuppressive mediators, and the defective expression of surface neoantigens. The success of sipuleucel-T in clinical trials initiated several other clinical studies that specifically target the immune escape of tumors and eliminate the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. In the settings of PC treatment, this can be commonly achieved with radiation therapy (RT). In addition, focal therapies usually applied for localized PC, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and irreversible electroporation (IRE) were shown to boost the anti-cancer response. Nevertheless, the present guidelines restrict their application to the context of a clinical trial or a prospective cohort study. This review explains how RT and focal therapies enhance the immune response. We also provide data supporting the combination of RT and focal treatments with immune therapies.
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19
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Siemińska I, Baran J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Key Players and Promising Therapy Targets in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862416. [PMID: 35860573 PMCID: PMC9289201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most often diagnosed malignancy in men and one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. Despite genetic predispositions, environmental factors, including a high-fat diet, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, infections of the prostate, and exposure to chemicals or ionizing radiation, play a crucial role in PC development. Moreover, due to a lack of, or insufficient T-cell infiltration and its immunosuppressive microenvironment, PC is frequently classified as a “cold” tumor. This is related to the absence of tumor-associated antigens, the lack of T-cell activation and their homing into the tumor bed, and the presence of immunological cells with regulatory functions, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). All of them, by a variety of means, hamper anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME), stimulating tumor growth and the formation of metastases. Therefore, they emerge as potential anti-cancer therapy targets. This article is focused on the function and role of MDSCs in the initiation and progression of PC. Clinical trials directly targeting this cell population or affecting its biological functions, thus limiting its pro-tumorigenic activity, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siemińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Jagiellonian University - University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jarek Baran,
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20
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A Mutated Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Peptide-Based Vaccine Induces PAP-Specific CD8 + T Cells with Ex Vivo Cytotoxic Capacities in HHDII/DR1 Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081970. [PMID: 35454873 PMCID: PMC9032647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for castrate (hormone)-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain limited and are not curative, with a median survival from diagnosis of 23 months. The PAP-specific Sipuleucel-T vaccine, which was approved by the FDA in 2010, increases the Overall Survival (OS) by 4 months, but is extremely expensive. We have previously shown that a 15 amino accid (AA) PAP sequence-derived peptide could induce strong immune responses and delay the growth of murine TRAMP-C1 prostate tumors. We have now substituted one amino acid and elongated the sequence to include epitopes predicted to bind to several additional HLA haplotypes. Herein, we present the immunological properties of this 42mer-mutated PAP-derived sequence (MutPAP42mer). METHODS The presence of PAP-135-143 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) was assessed by flow cytometry using Dextramer™ technology. HHDII/DR1 transgenic mice were immunized with mutated and non-mutated PAP-derived 42mer peptides in the presence of CAF®09 or CpG ODN1826 (TLR-9 agonist) adjuvants. Vaccine-induced immune responses were measured by assessing the proportion and functionality of splenic PAP-specific T cells in vitro. RESULTS PAP-135-143 epitope-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in the blood of patients with PCa and stimulation of PBMCs from patients with PCa with mutPAP42mer enhanced their capacity to kill human LNCaP PCa target cells expressing PAP. The MutPAP42mer peptide was significantly more immunogenic in HHDII/DR1 mice than the wild type sequence, and immunogenicity was further enhanced when combined with the CAF®09 adjuvant. The vaccine induced secretory (IFNγ and TNFα) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and effector memory splenic T cells. CONCLUSIONS The periphery of patients with PCa exhibits immune responsiveness to the MutPAP42mer peptide and immunization of mice induces/expands T cell-driven, wild-type PAP immunity, and therefore, has the potential to drive protective anti-tumor immunity in patients with PCa.
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21
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Dorff TB, Narayan V, Forman SJ, Zang PD, Fraietta JA, June CH, Haas NB, Priceman SJ. Novel Redirected T-Cell Immunotherapies for Advanced Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:576-584. [PMID: 34675084 PMCID: PMC8866199 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has failed to achieve durable remissions in advanced prostate cancer patients. More potent T-cell-redirecting strategies may be needed to overcome the immunologically exclusive and suppressive tumor microenvironment. Clinical trials are underway, seeking to define the optimal target for T-cell redirection, such as PSMA, PSCA, or STEAP-1, as well as the optimal strategy, with CAR or bispecific antibodies. As results continue to emerge from these trials, understanding differential toxicity and efficacy of these therapies based on their targets and functional modifications will be key to advancing these promising therapies toward clinical practice. This review provides a unique depth and breadth of perspective regarding the diverse immunotherapy strategies currently under clinical investigation for men with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B. Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Peter D. Zang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joseph A. Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Naomi B. Haas
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saul J. Priceman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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22
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Cancer cell-expressed BTNL2 facilitates tumour immune escape via engagement with IL-17A-producing γδ T cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:231. [PMID: 35017553 PMCID: PMC8752682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic blockade of the immune checkpoint proteins programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) has transformed cancer treatment. However, the overall response rate to these treatments is low, suggesting that immune checkpoint activation is not the only mechanism leading to dysfunctional anti-tumour immunity. Here we show that butyrophilin-like protein 2 (BTNL2) is a potent suppressor of the anti-tumour immune response. Antibody-mediated blockade of BTNL2 attenuates tumour progression in multiple in vivo murine tumour models, resulting in prolonged survival of tumour-bearing mice. Mechanistically, BTNL2 interacts with local γδ T cell populations to promote IL-17A production in the tumour microenvironment. Inhibition of BTNL2 reduces the number of tumour-infiltrating IL-17A-producing γδ T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, while facilitating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell accumulation. Furthermore, we find high BTNL2 expression in several human tumour samples from highly prevalent cancer types, which negatively correlates with overall patient survival. Thus, our results suggest that BTNL2 is a negative regulator of anti-tumour immunity and a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer cells producing ligands for the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 is an important mechanism of tumour immune resistance. Here authors show that BTNL2 expression on cancer cells generates a dysfunctional tumour immune microenvironment via promoting IL-17A-producing γδ T cells.
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23
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Wiseman CL, Kharazi A, Sunkari VG, Galeas JL, Dozio V, Hashwah H, Macúchová E, Williams WV, Lacher MD. Regression of Breast Cancer Metastases Following Treatment with Irradiated SV-BR-1-GM, a GM-CSF Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cell Line: Intellectual Property and Immune Markers of Response. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2022; 18:224-240. [PMID: 35593340 PMCID: PMC10009895 DOI: 10.2174/1574892817666220518123331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SV-BR-1-GM, derived from a patient with grade 2 (moderately differentiated) breast cancer, is a GM-CSF-secreting breast cancer cell line with properties of antigen-presenting cells. SV-BR-1-GM and next-generation versions are covered by several pending and granted patents. METHODS We report findings from an open-label phase I, single-arm pilot study with irradiated SV-BR-1-GM cells in 3 breast and 1 ovarian cancer subjects. Inoculations were preceded by lowdose intravenous cyclophosphamide and followed by interferon-alpha2b injections into the SVBR- 1-GM inoculation sites. We assessed both cellular and humoral immune responses, and measured expression levels of SV-BR-1-GM HLA alleles. RESULTS Treatment was generally safe and well tolerated. Immune responses were elicited universally. Overall survival was more than 33 months for three of the four patients. As previously reported, one patient had prompt regression of metastases in lung, breast, and soft tissue. Following cessation of treatment, the patient relapsed widely, including in the brain. Upon retreatment, rapid tumor response was again seen, including complete regression of brain metastases. Consistent with a role of Class II HLA in contributing to SV-BR-1-GM's mechanism of action, this patient allele-matched SV-BR-1-GM at the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB3 loci. We are in the process of developing next-generation SV-BR-1-GM, expressing patient-specific HLAs. Patent applications were filed in various jurisdictions. Thus far, one is granted, in Japan. CONCLUSION A whole-cell immunotherapy regimen with SV-BR-1-GM cells induced regression of metastatic breast cancer. We develop intellectual property based on SV-BR-1-GM's predicted mechanism of action to develop additional whole-cell immunotherapies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L. Wiseman
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, 2929 Arch Street, 3 Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Kharazi
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, St. Vincent Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivekananda G. Sunkari
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, 2929 Arch Street, 3 Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline L. Galeas
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, 2929 Arch Street, 3 Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Vito Dozio
- Operations Department, Biognosys AG, Wagistrasse 21, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Hind Hashwah
- Sales and Marketing Nebion AG, Hohlstrasse 515, 8048, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Macúchová
- Sales and Marketing Nebion AG, Hohlstrasse 515, 8048, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William V. Williams
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, 2929 Arch Street, 3 Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Markus D. Lacher
- BriaCell Therapeutics Corporation, 2929 Arch Street, 3 Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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24
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Koinis F, Xagara A, Chantzara E, Leontopoulou V, Aidarinis C, Kotsakis A. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cells 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 35011582 PMCID: PMC8750906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Koinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Xagara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Chantzara
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Vassiliki Leontopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Chrissovalantis Aidarinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
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25
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Hao Z, Li R, Wang Y, Li S, Hong Z, Han Z. Landscape of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cell in Tumor Immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2021; 9:77. [PMID: 34689842 PMCID: PMC8543853 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a group of immature cells that produced by emergency myelopoiesis. Emerging evidences have identified the vital role of MDSC in cancer microenvironment, in which MDSC exerts both immunological and non-immunological activities to assist the progression of cancer. Advances in pre-clinical research have provided us the understanding of MDSC in cancer context from the perspective of molecular mechanism. In clinical scenario, MDSC and its subsets have been discovered to exist in peripheral blood and tumor site of patients from various types of cancers. In this review, we highlight the clinical value of MDSC in predicting prognosis of cancer patients and the responses of immunotherapies, therefore to propose the MDSC-inhibiting strategy in the scenario of cancer immunotherapies. Phenotypes and biological functions of MDSC in cancer microenvironment are comprehensively summarized to provide potential targets of MDSC-inhibiting strategy from the aspect of molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaonian Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Department of Gynecology and Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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26
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Grover A, Sanseviero E, Timosenko E, Gabrilovich DI. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: A Propitious Road to Clinic. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2693-2706. [PMID: 34635571 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are important regulators of immune responses in cancer. They represent a relatively stable form of pathologic activation of neutrophils and monocytes and are characterized by distinct transcriptional, biochemical, functional, and phenotypical features. The close association of MDSCs with clinical outcomes in cancer suggests that these cells can be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. However, the complex nature of MDSC biology represents a substantial challenge for the development of selective therapies. Here, we discuss the mechanisms regulating MDSC development and fate and recent research advances that have demonstrated opportunities for therapeutic regulation of these cells. SIGNIFICANCE: MDSCs are attractive therapeutic targets because of their close association with negative clinical outcomes in cancer and established biology as potent immunosuppressive cells. However, the complex nature of MDSC biology presents a substantial challenge for therapeutic targeting. In this review, we discuss those challenges and possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Grover
- AstraZeneca, ICC, Early Oncology, R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elina Timosenko
- AstraZeneca, ICC, Early Oncology, R&D, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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27
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Ware MB, El-Rayes BF, Lesinski GB. Mirage or long-awaited oasis: reinvigorating T-cell responses in pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001100. [PMID: 32843336 PMCID: PMC7449491 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is plagued by a dismal 5-year survival rate, early onset of metastasis and limited efficacy of systemic therapies. This scenario highlights the need to fervently pursue novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. Recent research has uncovered complicated dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC. An abundant stroma provides a framework for interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts, suppressive myeloid cells and regulatory lymphocytes, which together create an inhospitable environment for adaptive immune responses. This accounts for the poor infiltration and exhausted phenotypes of effector T cells within pancreatic tumors. Innovative studies in genetically engineered mouse models have established that with appropriate pharmacological modulation of suppressive elements in the TME, T cells can be prompted to regress pancreatic tumors. In light of this knowledge, innovative combinatorial strategies involving immunotherapy and targeted therapies working in concert are rapidly emerging. This review will highlight recent advances in the field related to immune suppression in PDAC, emerging preclinical data and rationale for ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials. In particular, we draw attention to foundational findings involving T-cell activity in PDAC and encourage development of novel therapeutics to improve T-cell responses in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brandon Ware
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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28
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DeNardo DG, Galkin A, Dupont J, Zhou L, Bendell J. GB1275, a first-in-class CD11b modulator: rationale for immunotherapeutic combinations in solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003005. [PMID: 34452928 PMCID: PMC8404448 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and other anticancer therapies is often associated with the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, targeting MDSC recruitment or function is of significant interest as a strategy to treat patients with ICI-resistant cancer. The migration and recruitment of MDSCs to the TME is mediated in part by the CD11b/CD18 integrin heterodimer (Mac-1; αMβ2), expressed on both MDSCs and TAMs. However, inhibition or blockade of CD11b/CD18 has had limited success in clinical trials to date, likely since saturation of CD11b requires doses that are not clinically tolerable with the agents tested so far. Interestingly, activation of CD11b with leukadherin-1 was found to reduce macrophage and neutrophil migration in animal models of inflammatory conditions. Preclinical studies with GB1275, a salt form of leukadherin-1, demonstrated that activation of CD11b improves the antitumor immune response and enhances the response to immunotherapy in mouse models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, breast cancer and lung cancer. Based on the promising results from preclinical studies, a phase 1/2 clinical study (NCT04060342) of GB1275 in patients with advanced solid tumor types known to be resistant or less likely responsive to immuno-oncology therapies, including pancreatic, breast, prostate, and microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer, is ongoing. In this review, we examine targeting MDSCs as a therapeutic approach in cancer therapy, with a special focus on GB1275 preclinical studies laying the rationale for the phase 1/2 clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, ICCE Institute, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Lei Zhou
- Gossamer Bio, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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29
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Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Cytokine-Adjuvanted Tumor Membrane Vesicles Inhibit Tumor Growth in HER2-Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168377. [PMID: 34445092 PMCID: PMC8395038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most effective antigen presenting cells for the development of T cell responses. The only FDA approved DC-based immunotherapy to date is Sipuleucel-T, which utilizes a fusion protein to stimulate DCs ex vivo with GM-CSF and simultaneously deliver the antigen PAP for prostate cancer. This approach is restricted by the breadth of immunity elicited to a single antigen, and to cancers that have a defined tumor associated antigen. Other multi-antigen approaches have been restricted by poor efficacy of vaccine adjuvants. We have developed a vaccine platform that consists of autologous DCs pulsed with cytokine-adjuvanted tumor membrane vesicles (TMVs) made from tumor tissue, that encapsulate the antigenic landscape of individual tumors. Here we test the efficacy of DCs pulsed with TMVs incorporated with glycolipid-anchored immunostimulatory molecules (GPI-ISMs) in HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer murine models. Pulsing of DCs with TMVs containing GPI-ISMs results in superior uptake of vesicles, DC activation and cytokine production. Adaptive transfer of TMV-pulsed DCs to tumor bearing mice results in the inhibition of tumor growth, reduction in lung metastasis, and an increase in immune cell infiltration into the tumors. These observations suggest that DCs pulsed with TMVs containing GPI-GM-CSF and GPI-IL-12 can be further developed to be used as a personalized immunotherapy platform for cancer treatment.
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30
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Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but efficacy remains limited in most clinical settings. Cancer is a systemic disease that induces many functional and compositional changes to the immune system as a whole. Immunity is regulated by interactions of diverse cell lineages across tissues. Therefore, an improved understanding of tumour immunology must assess the systemic immune landscape beyond the tumour microenvironment (TME). Importantly, the peripheral immune system is required to drive effective natural and therapeutically induced antitumour immune responses. In fact, emerging evidence suggests that immunotherapy drives new immune responses rather than the reinvigoration of pre-existing immune responses. However, new immune responses in individuals burdened with tumours are compromised even beyond the TME. Herein, we aim to comprehensively outline the current knowledge of systemic immunity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamir J Hiam-Galvez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Breanna M Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew H Spitzer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Smalley I, Chen Z, Phadke M, Li J, Yu X, Wyatt C, Evernden B, Messina JL, Sarnaik A, Sondak VK, Zhang C, Law V, Tran N, Etame A, Macaulay RJB, Eroglu Z, Forsyth PA, Rodriguez PC, Chen YA, Smalley KSM. Single-Cell Characterization of the Immune Microenvironment of Melanoma Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4109-4125. [PMID: 34035069 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) and leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) are two different manifestations of melanoma CNS metastasis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to define the immune landscape of MBM, LMM, and melanoma skin metastases. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN scRNA-seq was undertaken on 43 patient specimens, including 8 skin metastases, 14 MBM, and 19 serial LMM specimens. Detailed cell type curation was performed, the immune landscapes were mapped, and key results were validated by IHC and flow cytometry. Association analyses were undertaken to identify immune cell subsets correlated with overall survival. RESULTS The LMM microenvironment was characterized by an immune-suppressed T-cell landscape distinct from that of brain and skin metastases. An LMM patient with long-term survival demonstrated an immune repertoire distinct from that of poor survivors and more similar to normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Upon response to PD-1 therapy, this extreme responder showed increased levels of T cells and dendritic cells in their CSF, whereas poor survivors showed little improvement in their T-cell responses. In MBM patients, therapy led to increased immune infiltrate, with similar T-cell transcriptional diversity noted between skin metastases and MBM. A correlation analysis across the entire immune landscape identified the presence of a rare population of dendritic cells (DC3) that was associated with increased overall survival and positively regulated the immune environment through modulation of activated T cells and MHC expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first atlas of two distinct sites of melanoma CNS metastases and defines the immune cell landscape that underlies the biology of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Manali Phadke
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jiannong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Clayton Wyatt
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brittany Evernden
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jane L Messina
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Pathology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amod Sarnaik
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vernon K Sondak
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Chaomei Zhang
- Molecular Genomics Core, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Vincent Law
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nam Tran
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Arnold Etame
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J B Macaulay
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Pathology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zeynep Eroglu
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Peter A Forsyth
- Department of Neurooncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Y Ann Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Keiran S M Smalley
- The Department of Tumor Biology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, The Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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32
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Sutherland SIM, Ju X, Horvath LG, Clark GJ. Moving on From Sipuleucel-T: New Dendritic Cell Vaccine Strategies for Prostate Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641307. [PMID: 33854509 PMCID: PMC8039370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors evade the immune system though a myriad of mechanisms. Using checkpoint inhibitors to help reprime T cells to recognize tumor has had great success in malignancies including melanoma, lung, and renal cell carcinoma. Many tumors including prostate cancer are resistant to such treatment. However, Sipuleucel-T, a dendritic cell (DC) based immunotherapy, improved overall survival (OS) in prostate cancer. Despite this initial success, further DC vaccines have failed to progress and there has been limited uptake of Sipuleucel-T in the clinic. We know in prostate cancer (PCa) that both the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system contribute to the immunosuppressive environment. This is at least in part due to dysfunction of DC that play a crucial role in the initiation of an immune response. We also know that there is a paucity of DC in PCa, and that those there are immature, creating a tolerogenic environment. These attributes make PCa a good candidate for a DC based immunotherapy. Ultimately, the knowledge gained by much research into antigen processing and presentation needs to translate from bench to bedside. In this review we will analyze why newer vaccine strategies using monocyte derived DC (MoDC) have failed to deliver clinical benefit, particularly in PCa, and highlight the emerging antigen loading and presentation technologies such as nanoparticles, antibody-antigen conjugates and virus co-delivery systems that can be used to improve efficacy. Lastly, we will assess combination strategies that can help overcome the immunosuppressive microenvironment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I M Sutherland
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Xinsheng Ju
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L G Horvath
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina J Clark
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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33
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Dorhoi A, Kotzé LA, Berzofsky JA, Sui Y, Gabrilovich DI, Garg A, Hafner R, Khader SA, Schaible UE, Kaufmann SH, Walzl G, Lutz MB, Mahon RN, Ostrand-Rosenberg S, Bishai W, du Plessis N. Therapies for tuberculosis and AIDS: myeloid-derived suppressor cells in focus. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2789-2799. [PMID: 32420917 DOI: 10.1172/jci136288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of suppressive myeloid cells in immune regulation has come to the forefront in cancer research, with myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) as a main oncology immunotherapeutic target. Recent improvement and standardization of criteria classifying tumor-induced MDSCs have led to unified descriptions and also promoted MDSC research in tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. Despite convincing evidence on the induction of MDSCs by pathogen-derived molecules and inflammatory mediators in TB and AIDS, very little attention has been given to their therapeutic modulation or roles in vaccination in these diseases. Clinical manifestations in TB are consequences of complex host-pathogen interactions and are substantially affected by HIV infection. Here we summarize the current understanding and knowledge gaps regarding the role of MDSCs in HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (co)infections. We discuss key scientific priorities to enable application of this knowledge to the development of novel strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and/or implementation of enhanced treatment approaches. Building on recent findings and potential for cross-fertilization between oncology and infection biology, we highlight current challenges and untapped opportunities for translating new advances in MDSC research into clinical applications for TB and AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leigh A Kotzé
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard Hafner
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Program Infections.,Thematic Translation Unit Tuberculosis, German Center for Infection Research, and.,Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan He Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert N Mahon
- Division of AIDS, Columbus Technologies & Services Inc., Contractor to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelita du Plessis
- Centre for Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research (CBTBR) and.,Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pawelec G, Picard E, Bueno V, Verschoor CP, Ostrand-Rosenberg S. MDSCs, ageing and inflammageing. Cell Immunol 2021; 362:104297. [PMID: 33550187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of distinguishing between changes attributable to ageing and those attributable to pathology is even greater for the immune system than for many other organs, and this is especially true for myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Hematopoiesis is different in older adults with a bias towards myelopoiesis, and older adults also manifest "inflammageing" exacerbated by disease and contributing to MDSC induction. Hence, at least in humans, one can only investigate MDSCs in the context of ageing and disease states, and not in the context of ageing processes per se. This contribution provides a brief overview of the literature on MDSCs and ageing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Emilie Picard
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valquiria Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UNIFESP Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Chris P Verschoor
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne Ostrand-Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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35
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Malouf GG, Jacobs I, Chou J, Liu L, Johnson ML. Addressing resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: an urgent unmet need. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1401-1439. [PMID: 33475012 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers by reversing the immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by tumors to restore anticancer immunity. Although ICIs have demonstrated substantial clinical efficacy, patient response can vary in depth and duration, and many do not respond at all or eventually develop resistance. ICI resistance mechanisms can be tumor-intrinsic, related to the tumor microenvironment or patient-specific factors. Multiple resistance mechanisms may be present within one tumor subtype, or heterogeneity exists among patients with the same tumor type. Consequently, designing effective combination treatment strategies is challenging. This review will discuss ICI resistance mechanisms, and summarize findings from key preclinical and clinical trials of ICIs, to identify potential treatment strategies or pathways to overcome ICI resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu-Lieskovan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute / University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gabriel G Malouf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de Cancérologie de Strasbourg & Department of Functional Genomics & Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UNISTRA, Illkirch Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Li Liu
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Melissa L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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36
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Shirasuna K, Ito M, Matsuda T, Enomoto T, Ohara Y, Yamamoto M, Nishijima S, Ohkohchi N, Kuromitsu S. Correlation analysis of the proportion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in colorectal cancer patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243643. [PMID: 33370317 PMCID: PMC7769251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) are a class of immunosuppressive immune cells with prognostic value in many solid tumors. It is reported that the proportion of mMDSCs in the peripheral blood can be a predictive marker for response to cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we performed a correlation analysis of the proportion of mMDSCs in freshly-drawn peripheral blood, levels of plasma proteins, and demographic factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, to find factors that could be used to predict mMDSC proportions. Freshly-drawn mMDSCs were measured using flow cytometry on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors (n = 24) and CRC patients (n = 78). The plasma concentrations of 29 different cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and enzymes were measured using a multiplex assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis to find mMDSC-associated factors was conducted using univariate and multivariate models. In univariate correlation analysis, there were no plasma proteins that were associated with mMDSC proportions in CRC patients. In multivariate analysis, considering all variables including age, sex, and plasma proteins, levels of inducible nitric acid synthase (iNOS) (p = 0.013) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB (p = 0.035) were associated with mMDSC proportion in PBMCs (mMDSC proportion [%] = 0.2929 − 0.2389 * PDGF-BB + 0.3582 * iNOS) (p < 0.005, r = 0.32). Measuring the plasma concentrations of iNOS and PDGF-BB may be useful in predicting the proportion of mMDSCs in CRC patients’ peripheral blood. Further research is required to establish and validate these predictive factors. Data registration Patient data were registered in an anonymization system at Tsukuba Clinical Research & Development Organization (T-CReDO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenna Shirasuna
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masayuki Ito
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuda
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Enomoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ohara
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
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Cerezo M, Rocchi S. Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming: a keystone for the response to immunotherapy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:964. [PMID: 33177494 PMCID: PMC7658964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
By targeting the tumor microenvironment to stimulate antitumor immunity, immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, many patients do not respond initially or develop secondary resistance. Based on the limited resources in the tumor microenvironment and competition between tumor and immune cells, the field of immune metabolism has produced extensive knowledge showing that targeting metabolism could help to modulate antitumor immunity. However, among all the different potentially targetable metabolic pathways, it remains unclear which have more potential to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we explore metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, which might inhibit antitumor immunity, and strategies that can be used to favor the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Cerezo
- INSERM U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1065, Team 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065, Team 12, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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38
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Implications of metabolism-driven myeloid dysfunctions in cancer therapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:829-841. [PMID: 33077904 PMCID: PMC7570408 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid responses. In chronic inflammatory states, including cancer, this balance is lost due to dramatic expansion of myeloid progenitors that fail to mature to functional inflammatory neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs), thus giving rise to a decline in the antitumor effector lymphoid response. Cancer-related inflammation orchestrates the production of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that perpetuate recruitment and activation of myeloid precursors, resulting in unresolved and chronic inflammation. This pathologic inflammation creates profound alterations in the intrinsic cellular metabolism of the myeloid progenitor pool, which is amplified by competition for essential nutrients and by hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring at the tumor site. Therefore, persistent myelopoiesis and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the development of cancer, as well as to the severity of a broad range of diseases, including metabolic syndrome and autoimmune and infectious diseases. The aims of this review are to (1) define the metabolic networks implicated in aberrant myelopoiesis observed in cancer patients, (2) discuss the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations and the impact of metabolic perturbations on clinical outcomes, and (3) explore new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to restore immunometabolism and differentiation of myeloid cells towards an effector phenotype to increase host antitumor immunity. We propose that the profound metabolic alterations and associated transcriptional changes triggered by chronic and overactivated immune responses in myeloid cells represent critical factors influencing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) for current therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy.
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39
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Hyun SY, Na EJ, Jang JE, Chung H, Kim SJ, Kim JS, Kong JH, Shim KY, Lee JI, Min YH, Cheong JW. Immunosuppressive role of CD11b + CD33 + HLA-DR - myeloid-derived suppressor cells-like blast subpopulation in acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7007-7017. [PMID: 32780544 PMCID: PMC7541151 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) facilitate tumor growth and development by suppressing T cell function; however, their role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the immunosuppressive role and prognostic value of blasts with an MDSC-like phenotype. METHODS CD11b+ CD33+ HLA-DR- MDSC-like blasts from bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with AML were analyzed. To investigate their T cell-suppressing function, MDSC-like blasts were isolated using flow cytometry and co-cultured with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and NB4 leukemic cells. Treatment outcomes were then compared between the MDSC-like blasts low (≤9.76%) and high (>9.76%) groups to identify clinical significance. RESULTS MDSC-like blasts showed higher expression of arginase-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Isolated MDSC-like blasts significantly suppressed CD8+ T cell proliferation induced by phytohemagglutinin A. NB4 cell proliferation was significantly suppressed upon co-culture with CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and partially restored upon co-culture with MDSC-like blasts. Patients with high MDSC-like blasts at diagnosis showed substantially shorter overall survival and leukemia-free survival relative to low MDSC-like blasts patients, with subgroup analysis showing statistically significant differences in patients not receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that MDSC-like blasts drive AML-specific immune-escape mechanisms by suppressing T cell proliferation and restoring T cell-suppressed NB4 cell proliferation, with clinically higher fractions of MDSC-like blasts at diagnosis resulting in poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jang
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haerim Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kwang Yong Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jong In Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Yoo Hong Min
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - June-Won Cheong
- Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Suppressive myeloid cells are expanded by biliary tract cancer-derived cytokines in vitro and associate with aggressive disease. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:1377-1386. [PMID: 32747748 PMCID: PMC7591861 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-1018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BTC is an aggressive disease exacerbated by inflammation and immune suppression. Expansion of immunosuppressive cells occurs in biliary tract cancer (BTC), yet the role of BTC-derived cytokines in this process is unclear. Methods Activated signalling pathways and cytokine production were evaluated in a panel of human BTC cell lines. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with BTC supernatants, with and without cytokine neutralising antibodies, and analysed by flow cytometry or immunoblot. A human BTC tissue microarray (TMA, n = 69) was stained for IL-6, GM-CSF, and CD33+S100a9+ cells and correlated with clinical outcomes. Results Immunomodulatory factors (IL-6, GM-CSF, MCP-1) were present in BTC supernatants. BTC supernatants expanded CD33dimCD11b+HLA-DRlow/− myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from human PBMCs. Neutralisation of IL-6 and GM-CSF in BTC supernatants inhibited activation of STAT3/5, respectively, in PBMCs, with heterogeneous effects on MDSC expansion in vitro. Staining of a BTC TMA revealed a positive correlation between IL-6 and GM-CSF, with each cytokine and more CD33+S100a9+ cells. Increased CD33+S100a9+ staining positively correlated with higher tumour grade, differentiation and the presence of satellite lesions. Conclusion BTC-derived factors promote suppressive myeloid cell expansion, and higher numbers of CD33+S100a9+ cells in resectable BTC tumours correlates with more aggressive disease.
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41
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Peranzoni E, Ingangi V, Masetto E, Pinton L, Marigo I. Myeloid Cells as Clinical Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1590. [PMID: 32793228 PMCID: PMC7393010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are becoming standard treatments in several cancer types, profoundly changing the prognosis of a fraction of patients. Currently, many efforts are being made to predict responders and to understand how to overcome resistance in non-responders. Given the crucial role of myeloid cells as modulators of T effector cell function in tumors, it is essential to understand their impact on the clinical outcome of immune checkpoint blockade and on the mechanisms of immune evasion. In this review we focus on the existing clinical evidence of the relation between the presence of myeloid cell subsets and the response to anti-PD(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 treatment. We highlight how circulating and tumor-infiltrating myeloid populations can be used as predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors in different human cancers, both at baseline and on treatment. Moreover, we propose to follow the dynamics of myeloid cells during immunotherapy as pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Finally, we provide an overview of the current strategies tested in the clinic that use myeloid cell targeting together with immune checkpoint blockade with the aim of uncovering the most promising approaches for effective combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peranzoni
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Oncology, Institut de Recherche International Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Elena Masetto
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Pinton
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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42
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Koh J, Kim Y, Lee KY, Hur JY, Kim MS, Kim B, Cho HJ, Lee YC, Bae YH, Ku BM, Sun JM, Lee SH, Ahn JS, Park K, Ahn MJ. MDSC subtypes and CD39 expression on CD8 + T cells predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1810-1819. [PMID: 32510574 PMCID: PMC7689686 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The major suppressive immune cells in tumor sites are myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and Treg cells, and the major roles of these suppressive immune cells include hindering T‐cell activities and supporting tumor progression and survival. In this study, we analyzed the pattern of circulating MDSC subtypes in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whether those suppressive immune cells hinder T‐cell activities leading to poor clinical outcomes. First, we verified PMN‐MDSCs, monocytic‐MDSCs (M‐MDSCs), and Treg cells increased according to the stages of NSCLC, and MDSCs effectively suppressed T‐cell activities and induced T‐cell exhaustion. The analysis of NSCLC patients treated with anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy demonstrated that low PMN‐MDSCs, M‐MDSCs, and CD39+CD8+ T cells as an individual and all together were associated with longer progression free survival and overall survival, suggesting PMN‐MDSCs, M‐MDSCs, and CD39+CD8+ T cells frequencies in peripheral blood might be useful as potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiae Koh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Young Lee
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Hur
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Soon Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Chan Lee
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Bae
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Ku
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Mastelic-Gavillet B, Sarivalasis A, Lozano LE, Wyss T, Inoges S, de Vries IJM, Dartiguenave F, Jichlinski P, Derrè L, Coukos G, Melero I, Harari A, Romero P, Viganó S, Kandalaft LE. Quantitative and qualitative impairments in dendritic cell subsets of patients with ovarian or prostate cancer. Eur J Cancer 2020; 135:173-182. [PMID: 32590296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen-presenting cells, hence initiating a potent and cancer-specific immune response. This ability (mainly using monocyte-derived DCs) has been exploited in vaccination strategies for decades with limited clinical efficacy. Another alternative would be the use of conventional DCs (cDCs) of which at least three subsets circulate in human blood: cDC1s (CD141bright), cDC2s (CD1c+) and plasmacytoid DCs. Despite their paucity, technical advances may allow for their selection and clinical use. However, many assumptions concerning the DC subset biology depend on observations from mouse models, hindering their translational potential. In this study, we characterise human DCs in patients with ovarian cancer (OvC) or prostate cancer (PrC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Whole blood samples from patients with OvC or PrC and healthy donors (HDs) were evaluated by flow cytometry for the phenotypic and functional characterisation of DC subsets. RESULTS In both patient groups, the frequency of total CD141+ DCs was lower than that in HDs, but the cDC1 subset was only reduced in patients with OvC. CD141+ DCs showed a reduced response to the TLR3 agonist poly (I:C) in both groups of patients. An inverse correlation between the frequency of cDC1s and CA125, the OvC tumour burden marker, was observed. Consistently, high expression of CLEC9A in OvC tissue (The Cancer Genome Atlas data set) indicated a better overall survival. CONCLUSIONS cDC1s are reduced in patients with OvC, and CD141+ DCs are quantitatively and qualitatively impaired in patients with OvC or PrC. CD141+ DC activation may predict functional impairment. The loss of cDC1s may be a bad prognostic factor for patients with OvC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Apostolos Sarivalasis
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leyder Elena Lozano
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susana Inoges
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Researckh, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid Jolanda Monique de Vries
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Laurent Derrè
- Urology Research Unit, Department of Urology, CHUV, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Researckh, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Selena Viganó
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lana Elias Kandalaft
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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44
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Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32508809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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Ciner AT, Jones K, Muschel RJ, Brodt P. The unique immune microenvironment of liver metastases: Challenges and opportunities. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:143-156. [PMID: 32526354 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver metastases from gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal malignancies remain a major cause of cancer-related mortality and a major clinical challenge. The liver has unique properties that facilitate metastatic expansion, including a complex immune system that evolved to dampen immunity to neoantigens entering the liver from the gut, through the portal circulation. In this review, we describe the unique microenvironment encountered by cancer cells in the liver, focusing on elements of the innate and adaptive immune response that can act as a double-edge sword, contributing to the elimination of cancer cells on the one hand and promoting their survival and growth, on the other. We discuss this microenvironment in a clinical context, particularly for colorectal carcinoma, and highlight how a better understanding of the role of the microenvironment has spurred an intense effort to develop novel and innovative strategies for targeting liver metastatic disease, some of which are currently being tested in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Ciner
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Keaton Jones
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth J Muschel
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery, Medicine and Oncology, McGill University, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Hou A, Hou K, Huang Q, Lei Y, Chen W. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell, a Promising Strategy to Overcome Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:783. [PMID: 32508809 PMCID: PMC7249937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are starting to transform the treatment for patients with advanced cancer. The extensive application of these antibodies for various cancer obtains exciting anti-tumor immune response by activating T cells. Although the encouraging clinical benefit in patients receiving these immunostimulatory agents are observed, numbers of patients still derive limited response or even none for reasons unknown, sometimes at the cost of adverse reactions. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is a heterogeneous immature population of myeloid cells partly influencing the efficacy of immunotherapies. These cells not only directly suppress T cell but mediate a potently immunosuppressive network within tumor microenvironment to attenuate the anti-tumor response. The crosstalk between MDSCs and immune cells/non-immune cells generates several positive feedbacks to negatively modulate the tumor microenvironment. As such, the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, upregulation of immune checkpoints, angiogenesis and hypoxia are induced and contributing to the acquired resistance to ICIs. Targeting MDSCs could be a potential therapy to overcome the limitation. In this review, we focus on the role of MDSCs in resistance to ICIs and summarize the therapeutic strategies targeting them to enhance ICIs efficiency in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Hou
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Hou
- Department of Bone and Trauma, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qiubo Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University and Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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Wang X, Wang F, Zhong M, Yarden Y, Fu L. The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy. Mol Cancer 2020. [PMID: 32359357 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01200-x.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (Abs) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Abs, are effective for patients with various cancers. However, low response rates to ICI monotherapies and even hyperprogressive disease (HPD) have limited the clinical application of ICIs. HPD is a novel pattern of progression, with an unexpected and fast progression in tumor volume and rate, poor survival of patients and early fatality. Considering the limitations of ICI due to HPD incidence, valid biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the occurrence of HPD and the efficacy of ICI. Here, we reviewed and summarized the known biomarkers of HPD, including tumor cell biomarkers, tumor microenvironment biomarkers, laboratory biomarkers and clinical indicators, which provide a potential effective approach for selecting patients sensitive to ICI cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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The biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease in PD-1/PD-L1 blockage therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:81. [PMID: 32359357 PMCID: PMC7195736 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (Abs) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) Abs, are effective for patients with various cancers. However, low response rates to ICI monotherapies and even hyperprogressive disease (HPD) have limited the clinical application of ICIs. HPD is a novel pattern of progression, with an unexpected and fast progression in tumor volume and rate, poor survival of patients and early fatality. Considering the limitations of ICI due to HPD incidence, valid biomarkers are urgently needed to predict the occurrence of HPD and the efficacy of ICI. Here, we reviewed and summarized the known biomarkers of HPD, including tumor cell biomarkers, tumor microenvironment biomarkers, laboratory biomarkers and clinical indicators, which provide a potential effective approach for selecting patients sensitive to ICI cancer treatments.
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Systemic Blood Immune Cell Populations as Biomarkers for the Outcome of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072411. [PMID: 32244396 PMCID: PMC7177687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade has followed a vertiginous rhythm. Nowadays, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) which include anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies are in clinical use for the treatment of numerous cancers. However, approximately only a third of the patients benefit from ICI therapies. Many efforts have been made for the identification of biomarkers allowing patient stratification into potential responders and progressors before the start of ICI therapies or for monitoring responses during treatment. While much attention is centered on biomarkers from the tumor microenvironment, in many cases biopsies are not available. The identification of systemic immune cell subsets that correlate with responses could provide promising biomarkers. Some of them have been reported to influence the response to ICI therapies, such as proliferation and activation status of CD8 and CD4 T cells, the expression of immune checkpoints in peripheral blood cells and the relative numbers of immunosuppressive cells such as regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In addition, the profile of soluble factors in plasma samples could be associated to response or tumor progression. Here we will review the cellular subsets associated to response or progression in different studies and discuss their accuracy in diagnosis.
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50
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Zemek RM, Chin WL, Nowak AK, Millward MJ, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Sensitizing the Tumor Microenvironment to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32133005 PMCID: PMC7040078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, providing remarkable clinical responses in some patients. However, the majority of patients do not respond. It is therefore crucial both to identify predictive biomarkers of response and to increase the response rates to immune checkpoint therapy. In this review we explore the current literature about the predictive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and discuss therapeutic approaches that aim to change this toward a milieu that is conducive to response. We propose a personalized biomarker-based adaptive approach to immunotherapy, whereby a sensitizing therapy is tailored to the patient's specific tumor microenvironment, followed by on-treatment verification of a change in the targeted biomarker, followed by immune checkpoint therapy. By incorporating detailed knowledge of the immunological tumor microenvironment, we may be able to sensitize currently non-responsive tumors to respond to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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