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Huang R, Chen M, Li H, An X, Xue C, Hu A, Shu D, Yang W, Zhou F, Sui D, Yao K, Li Y, Wu Z, Li Z, Liu Z, Shi Y. Effect of chemotherapy alone or combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic genitourinary small cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1002. [PMID: 37858093 PMCID: PMC10585742 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genitourinary small cell carcinoma is rare, and has a poor prognosis. However, effective treatment options for this disease are limited. We present a study to assess the efficacy of chemotherapy alone or combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic genitourinary small cell carcinoma (GSCC). METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced or metastatic GSCC from Jan 2013 to September 2022 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center. The survival and safety profiles were analyzed. RESULTS Forty-two GSCC patients were enrolled, which included 20 with chemotherapy plus immunotherapy and 22 with chemotherapy alone. The median follow-up time was 15.13 months (95% CI, 8.84-21.42). The addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy demonstrated no significant difference in median progression-free survival (p = 0.37). However, the median overall survival (OS) was 22.97 and 14.03 months with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone, respectively (HR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.08-0.55, p = 0.017). Two patients with immunotherapy plus chemotherapy achieved clinical complete remission. The overall response rate for patients receiving chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy was 65%, which was higher in comparison to those treated with chemotherapy alone (50%). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy independently achieved favorable OS. Four patients experienced immunotherapy-related adverse events, with one developing grade 3 hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with locally advanced or metastatic GSCC, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy might be thought of as a potentially effective treatment option for patients with GSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Meiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xin An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Cong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Anqi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ditian Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sui
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, 110031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Dongfeng Road East 651, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Becht R, Kiełbowski K, Żychowska J, Dembowska W, Król M, Birkenfeld B, Owsiak M, Lewandowska M, Kubrak J, Amernik K. Small cell carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation of subglottic larynx- a case report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222418. [PMID: 37817765 PMCID: PMC10560848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell cancer (SCC) is a neuroendocrine neoplasm, which is most frequently found in the lungs. Extrapulmonary location of SCC is rare and may involve 2.5-5% of SCCs. We present a case of a 31-year-old male patient with an extremely uncommon subglottic SCC. The patient was qualified for a radical sequential chemoradiotherapy. After treatment, patient's condition suggested complete remission. Recurrence was detected one year later, and the disease rapidly progressed, despite a second line chemotherapy. The patient died 29 months after initial diagnosis. This case aims to raise awareness on the aggressive laryngeal SCC and its good response to first line chemotherapy composed of cisplatin and etoposide, followed by radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Becht
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Żychowska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Dembowska
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Król
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Chemotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bożena Birkenfeld
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mateusz Owsiak
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Jadwiga Kubrak
- Department of Clinical Radiotherapy, West Pomeranian Oncology Center, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Amernik
- Department of Adult and Children Otolaryngology and Otolaryngological Oncology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Zhang Y, Liao JT, Lin Y, Liu C, Wu ZH, Yu B, Sun S, Yu H, Hui XH, Wu XH, Zhao XM, Wang HJ, Zheng Q, Li Y, Hu ZH, Wang JL. Clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A single-center retrospective study. J Dig Dis 2023; 24:472-479. [PMID: 37596865 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (ENEC) is a rare cancer that is highly malignant and related to a poor prognosis. In this retrospective study we aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of patients with ENEC and to evaluate the potential prognostic factors. METHODS Altogether 82 patients diagnosed with ENEC between January 2009 and December 2020 at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled. Patients' survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods. Univariate and multivariate analyses and a Cox regression model were used to identify the prognostic factors. RESULTS The median overall survival (mOS) was 13 months in all patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced tumor stage (hazard ratio [HR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-6.66, P = 0.0353), liver (HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.53-7.41, P = 0.0026) and lung metastasis (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.20-9.51, P = 0.0214) were associated with a poor prognosis. While positive chromogranin A (CgA) expression was related to a favorable outcome (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.09-0.49, P < 0.001). Also, patients had adjustment of chemotherapy (dose reduction or less than three cycles) were prone to a worse prognosis compared with those did not (HR 4.36, 95% CI 2.10-9.08, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with ENEC, advanced cancer stage, adjustment of chemotherapy, liver and lung metastasis were associated with a poor survival, while CgA expression was related to a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Tao Liao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Hua Hui
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Hua Wu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Min Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Huang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhu L, Cheng G, Wu M, Chen M, Jin Y. Heterogeneous distribution pattern of CD3+ tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) and high combined positive score (CPS) favored the prognosis of resected early stage small-cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101697. [PMID: 37267802 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to illustrate the heterogeneity of immune features in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of CD3, CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 were performed with 55 SCLC FFPE samples from radical resections. Quantitative assessment of CD3+ tumor-infiltrated lymphocytes (TILs) to present the heterogeneity in the tumor and the stroma areas. Hotspots of TILs were evaluated to illustrate the potential relationship between TIL-density and its immune competence. Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expressed on both tumor TILs (t-TILs) and stroma TILs (s-TILs) was evaluated and quantitatively described as values of tumor positive score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS). The clinical value of TPS and CPS were further identified according to their relationship with disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS More abundant CD3+ TILs were observed in the tumor stroma than that within the parenchyma (15.02±2.25% vs. 1.58±0.35%) . The amount of CD3+ s-TILs were positively correlated with DFS. The CD3+/CD4+ subset of the TILs was found more favorable to DFS compared to the CD3+/CD8+ subset. Hotspots of CD3+ TILs were observed in tumor regions and patients with more Hotspots of CD3+ TILs have better outcomes. CPS were more reliable than TPS to describe PD-L1 expression in SCLC and it was found positively correlated with tumor size and DFS. CONCLUSIONS The immune microenvironment of SCLC was heterogeneous. Hotspots, the amount of CD3/CD4+ TILs and the CPS value were found valuable in determine the anti-tumor immunity and predicting the clinical outcome of SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Guoping Cheng
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; United Laboratory of Frontier Radiotherapy Technology of Sun Yat-sen University & Chinese Academy of Sciences Ion Medical Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China.
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5
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Rajendran M, Rao M, Elhence PA, Bharti JN, Singh P, Yadav G, Nalwa A, Goyal AD. Expression of Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 and Mismatch Repair Status in Endometrial Carcinomas. J Midlife Health 2023; 14:81-86. [PMID: 38029026 PMCID: PMC10664048 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a co-regulatory molecule that suppresses local immunity, and mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency (dMMR) is reported to influence the response to anti-PD-L1-targeted therapy. This study was conducted to find the PD-L1 status, the occurrence of dMMR in endometrial carcinomas, and the association between them. Materials and Methods The study included 35 resected specimens of endometrial carcinomas represented on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from January 2016 to July 2020. The clinicopathologic information including patient age, tumor histologic type, grade, stage, lymphovascular invasion, the extent of myometrial invasion, and the percentage of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were obtained in all cases. The expression of PD-L1 and MMR antibodies including mutS homolog 2 (MSH-2), MSH-6, mutL homolog 1 (MLH-1) and MLH-3, and postmeiotic segregation 2 were assessed using immunohistochemistry. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results PD-L1 expression was noted in 48.6% of the cases in tumor cells and 65.7% of the cases in TILs and MMR was deficient in 28.6% of endometrial carcinomas. A statistically significant relation was noted between dMMR and TILs, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and TILs, PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and extent of myometrial invasion. Although there was no statistically significant association between MMR status and PD-L1 expression in tumor cells or TILs, 60% of patients with dMMR were PD-L1 positive. Conclusion Sixty percent of dMMR cases showed PD-L1 expression in tumor cells. We conclude, ECs that are MMR deficient might get better response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. This study also revealed the prognostic use of TILs in PD-L1-expressed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhubala Rajendran
- Department of Pathology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aasma Nalwa
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhil Dhanesh Goyal
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Su K, Guo L, He K, Rao M, Zhang J, Yang X, Huang W, Gu T, Xu K, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen J, Wu Z, Hu L, Zeng H, Li H, Tong J, Li X, Yang Y, Liu H, Xu Y, Tan Z, Tang X, Feng X, Chen S, Yang B, Jin H, Zhu L, Li B, Han Y. PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells can be a predictive biomarker to PD-1 inhibitors combined with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873830. [PMID: 35982979 PMCID: PMC9379259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim A programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor coupled with radiotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy is a potential therapeutic strategy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to determine if circulating tumor cells (CTCs) positive for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) could be employed as a predictive biomarker in HCC patients receiving triple therapy. Methods In this study, HCC patients received a PD-1 inhibitor in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and antiangiogenic therapy. Following IMRT, the PD-1 inhibitor was administrated once every 3 weeks, while the antiangiogenic drug was given once a day. Treatment was continued until the disease progressed. Two mL of peripheral blood was collected at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment for CTC enrichment using the CytoSorter® system with a CytoSorter™ CTC PD-L1 Kit (Watson Biotech., China). Result A total of 47 HCC patients receiving the triple therapy were enrolled in this study. Patients with < 2 PD-L1+ CTCs at baseline had a higher objective response rate (ORR) and longer overall survival (OS) than those with ≥ 2 PD-L1+ CTCs (56.5% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.007; not reach vs. 10.8 months, p = 0.001, respectively). The count of PD-L1+ CTCs was found to be an independent predictive biomarker of OS. Furthermore, the objective response was more likely to be achieved in patients with a dynamic decrease in PD-L1+ CTC counts at 1 month after treatment. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that PD-L1+ CTCs could be a predictive biomarker for HCC patients receiving PD-1 inhibitors in combination with IMRT and antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kun He
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Rao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Weihong Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Tong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, No.1 Orthopedics Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Oncology, 363 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaoyang Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zunyuan Tan
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xunjie Feng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongping Jin
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lechuan Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Han, ; Bo Li,
| | - Yunwei Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Han, ; Bo Li,
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7
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Frizziero M, Kilgour E, Simpson KL, Rothwell DG, Moore DA, Frese KK, Galvin M, Lamarca A, Hubner RA, Valle JW, McNamara MG, Dive C. Expanding Therapeutic Opportunities for Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:1999-2019. [PMID: 35091446 PMCID: PMC7612728 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (PD-NEC) are rare cancers garnering interest as they become more commonly encountered in the clinic. This is due to improved diagnostic methods and the increasingly observed phenomenon of "NE lineage plasticity," whereby nonneuroendocrine (non-NE) epithelial cancers transition to aggressive NE phenotypes after targeted treatment. Effective treatment options for patients with PD-NEC are challenging for several reasons. This includes a lack of targetable, recurrent molecular drivers, a paucity of patient-relevant preclinical models to study biology and test novel therapeutics, and the absence of validated biomarkers to guide clinical management. Although advances have been made pertaining to molecular subtyping of small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a PD-NEC of lung origin, extrapulmonary (EP)-PD-NECs remain understudied. This review will address emerging SCLC-like, same-organ non-NE cancer-like and tumor-type-agnostic biological vulnerabilities of EP-PD-NECs, with the potential for therapeutic exploitation. The hypotheses surrounding the origin of these cancers and how "NE lineage plasticity" can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes are discussed. SCLC is herein proposed as a paradigm for supporting progress toward precision medicine in EP-PD-NECs. The aim of this review is to provide a thorough portrait of the current knowledge of EP-PD-NEC biology, with a view to informing new avenues for research and future therapeutic opportunities in these cancers of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Frizziero
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Kilgour
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L. Simpson
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic G. Rothwell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Moore
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St, London WC1E 6DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 235 Euston Rd, London NW1 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher K. Frese
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Galvin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Hubner
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Juan W. Valle
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Mairéad G. McNamara
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Manchester European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) Centre of Excellence, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, 550 Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dive
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Cancer Biomarker Centre, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Lee W, Kim MJ, Choi Y, Kim H. PD-L1 expression and patient outcomes in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm: a meta-analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:2210-2218. [PMID: 35116539 PMCID: PMC8798646 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a known prognostic and therapeutic marker in malignant tumors. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association of PD-L1 expression with the clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, OVID Medline, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies June 30, 2020. Studies reporting PD-L1 immunohistochemistry of gastrointestinal NEN with associated survival data or clinicopathological parameters were included. RESULTS In total, 10 studies were included. Odd ratios (ORs) were combined to evaluate association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Hazard ratios (HR) and standard errors were combined to evaluate the association between PD-L1 expression and overall survival. PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade [OR: 3.42; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.00-5.85, P<0.05] and lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.13-3.34, P=0.02). However, PD-L1 expression was not associated with age, sex, and tumor stage. The pooled hazard ratio (HR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.20-4.98, P<0.05) showed a significant association between PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival. DISCUSSION The results of this meta-analysis show that PD-L1 expression in tumor cells of gastrointestinal NEN can be used as a biomarker of worse survival and important clinicopathological parameters. Further, it can also be used as a therapeutic biomarker for developing novel treatment modalities that can improve prognosis. Although the results of this meta-analysis are more robust than those of the individual studies analyzed, this study also has several limitations. Further studies with a larger study population and consistent method for evaluating PD-L1 expression are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojoo Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Choi
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunchul Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Xu H, Wu B, Liu S, Luo Q. Small cell carcinoma of the bladder with coexisting prostate adenocarcinoma: two cases report and literature review. BMC Urol 2020; 20:134. [PMID: 32859184 PMCID: PMC7456054 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare disease of the genitourinary tract and reported limitedly. SCCB is very aggressive and always mixed with other histologic components, but coexistence of SCCB and prostate adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. CASES PRESENTATION Two aged males (72 and 58 years) were included in this study. Both of them presented with gross hematuria as initial symptom. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated protruding lesions in the urinary bladder. Pathological examination after radical cystectomy and prostatectomy showed the concurrence of SCCB and prostate adenocarcinoma. One patient died of liver and lung metastasis 8 months after surgery, and the other patient was still alive after 19 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION In this paper, we reported two unusual cases of coexistence of SCCB and prostate adenocarcinoma, and reviewed relative literatures with respect to the epidemiology, clinical features, pathologic features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of SCCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Urology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of the Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, 214400, Jiangsu Province, China.
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10
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Palmer JD, Gamez ME, Ranta K, Ruiz-Garcia H, Peterson JL, Blakaj DM, Prevedello D, Carrau R, Mahajan A, Chaichana KL, Trifiletti DM. Radiation therapy strategies for skull-base malignancies. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:445-462. [PMID: 32785868 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The management of skull base malignancies continues to evolve with improvements in surgical technique, advances in radiation delivery and novel systemic agents. METHODS In this review, we aim to discuss in detail the management of common skull base pathologies which typically require multimodality therapy, focusing on the radiotherapeutic aspects of care. RESULTS Technological advances in the administration of radiation therapy have led to a wide variety of different treatment strategies for the treatment of skull base malignances, with outcomes summarized herein. CONCLUSION Radiation treatment plays a key and critical role in the management of patients with skull base tumors. Recent advancements continue to improve the risk/benefit ratio for radiotherapy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M E Gamez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K Ranta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H Ruiz-Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - D M Blakaj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Prevedello
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - R Carrau
- Department of Neurosurgery, The James Cancer Hospital at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Mahajan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K L Chaichana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - D M Trifiletti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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Aly R, Gupta S, Potdar R. The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2020; 12:e8862. [PMID: 32617246 PMCID: PMC7325398 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma is a type of highly aggressive poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumor that can arise from multiple organs, including but not limited to bronchial tissue, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary system. The most commonly studied type is small cell lung cancer (SCLC) which carries the worst prognosis among lung cancers. After multiple promising clinical trials, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recently added atezolizumab and durvalumab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy/etoposide to the first-line treatment regimen for extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Meanwhile, the recommended treatment for extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSCC) remains unchanged. In this review, we try to explore the role of immunotherapy in the treatment of EPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragia Aly
- Internal Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, USA
| | - Sachin Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital, West Reading, USA
| | - Rashmika Potdar
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
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Hashemi M, Karami S, Sarabandi S, Moazeni-Roodi A, Małecki A, Ghavami S, Wiechec E. Association between PD-1 and PD-L1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081150. [PMID: 31405171 PMCID: PMC6721817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of case-control studies regarding the association of the polymorphisms in the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) genes with the risk of cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive, updated meta-analysis study to identify the impact of PD-1 and PD-L1 polymorphisms on overall cancer susceptibility. The findings revealed that PD-1 rs2227981 and rs11568821 polymorphisms significantly decreased the overall cancer risk (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99, p = 0.04, TT vs. CT+CC; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67–0.94, p = 0.006, AG vs. GG, and OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96, p = 0.020, AG+AA vs. GG, respectively), while PD-1 rs7421861 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of developing cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.33, p = 0.03, CT vs. TT). The PD-L1 rs4143815 variant significantly decreased the risk of cancer in homozygous (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41–0.94, p = 0.02), dominant (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03), recessive (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96, p = 0.02), and allele (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.96, p = 0.02) genetic models. No significant association between rs2227982, rs36084323, rs10204525, and rs2890658 polymorphisms and overall cancer risk has been found. In conclusions, the results of this meta-analysis have revealed an association between PD-1 rs2227981, rs11568821, rs7421861, as well as PD-L1 rs4143815 polymorphisms and overall cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743463, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743175, Iran.
| | - Shima Karami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743175, Iran
| | - Sahel Sarabandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 9816743175, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Moazeni-Roodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr 9916643535, Iran
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Instititute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada.
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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TIM-3 in endometrial carcinomas: an immunotherapeutic target expressed by mismatch repair-deficient and intact cancers. Mod Pathol 2019; 32:1168-1179. [PMID: 30926882 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The checkpoint molecule TIM-3 is a target for emerging immunotherapies and has been identified on a variety of malignancies. Mismatch repair-deficient endometrial carcinomas have demonstrated durable responses to other checkpoint inhibitors due to high neoantigen loads and robust tumor-associated immune responses. However, little is known about TIM-3 expression in this tumor type. Tumor-associated immune and tumoral expression of TIM-3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 75 endometrial carcinomas [25 MLH1 promoter hypermethylated (MLH1-hypermethylated), 25 non-hypermethylated mismatch repair-deficient, and 25 mismatch repair-intact]. All cases showed at least focal immune staining, but moderate and robust immune cell expression were more often observed in mismatch repair-deficient vs intact cases [66 vs 12%, P = 0.00002]. While the majority (77%) of endometrial cancers showed ≥1% tumoral TIM-3 expression, the MLH1-hypermethylated subset was more likely to demonstrate >5% tumoral staining when compared to both mismatch repair-intact and non-methylated mismatch repair-deficient cancers [64 vs. 28% and 32%, respectively; P = 0.02 and P = 0.05]. Within the non-methylated mismatch repair-deficient subset, high-level expression was most often associated with MSH6 loss. Across mismatch repair subgroups, tumoral TIM-3 expression was more common among intermediate and high-grade vs. low-grade tumors using both the 1% (P = 0.02) and 5% expression cut-offs (P = 0.02). In conclusion, tumoral TIM-3 expression is common in both mismatch repair-intact and deficient endometrial cancers, with particularly high levels of expression identified in the setting of MLH1-hypermethylation, MSH6 loss, and intermediate to high histologic grade. Although focal immune cell expression was seen in all tumors, robust expression was significantly more common in the context of mismatch repair deficiency. These data support a potential role for checkpoint inhibitors targeting TIM-3 in a subset of endometrial cancers, including some mismatch repair-intact tumors which are not currently considered immunotherapy candidates.
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PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 2019; 43:792-801. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Knief J, Lazar-Karsten P, Hummel R, Wellner U, Thorns C. PD-L1 expression in carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction is positively correlated with T-cell infiltration and overall survival. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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