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Manini A, Abati E, Comi GP, Corti S, Ronchi D. Mitochondrial DNA homeostasis impairment and dopaminergic dysfunction: A trembling balance. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101578. [PMID: 35114397 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) homeostasis includes a variety of processes, such as mtDNA replication, repair, and nucleotides synthesis, aimed at preserving the structural and functional integrity of mtDNA molecules. Mutations in several nuclear genes (i.e., POLG, POLG2, TWNK, OPA1, DGUOK, MPV17, TYMP) impair mtDNA maintenance, leading to clinical syndromes characterized by mtDNA depletion and/or deletions in affected tissues. In the past decades, studies have demonstrated a progressive accumulation of multiple mtDNA deletions in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in elderly population and, to a greater extent, in Parkinson's disease patients. Moreover, parkinsonism has been frequently described as a prominent clinical feature in mtDNA instability syndromes. Among Parkinson's disease-related genes with a significant role in mitochondrial biology, PARK2 and LRRK2 specifically take part in mtDNA maintenance. Moreover, a variety of murine models (i.e., "Mutator", "MitoPark", "PD-mitoPstI", "Deletor", "Twinkle-dup" and "TwinkPark") provided in vivo evidence that mtDNA stability is required to preserve nigrostriatal integrity. Here, we review and discuss the clinical, genetic, and pathological background underlining the link between impaired mtDNA homeostasis and dopaminergic degeneration.
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Jaberi E, Tresse E, Grønbæk K, Weischenfeldt J, Issazadeh-Navikas S. Identification of unique and shared mitochondrial DNA mutations in neurodegeneration and cancer by single-cell mitochondrial DNA structural variation sequencing (MitoSV-seq). EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102868. [PMID: 32629384 PMCID: PMC7334819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Point mutations and structural variations (SVs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contribute to many neurodegenerative diseases. Technical limitations and heteroplasmy, however, have impeded their identification, preventing these changes from being examined in neurons in healthy and disease states. Methods We have developed a high-resolution technique—Mitochondrial DNA Structural Variation Sequencing (MitoSV-seq)—that identifies all types of mtDNA SVs and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) in single neurons and novel variations that have been undetectable with conventional techniques. Findings Using MitoSV-seq, we discovered SVs/SNVs in dopaminergic neurons in the Ifnar1−/− murine model of Parkinson disease. Further, MitoSV-seq was found to have broad applicability, delivering high-quality, full-length mtDNA sequences in a species-independent manner from human PBMCs, haematological cancers, and tumour cell lines, regardless of heteroplasmy. We characterised several common SVs in haematological cancers (AML and MDS) that were linked to the same mtDNA region, MT-ND5, using only 10 cells, indicating the power of MitoSV-seq in determining single-cancer-cell ontologies. Notably, the MT-ND5 hotspot, shared between all examined cancers and Ifnar1−/− dopaminergic neurons, suggests that its mutations have clinical value as disease biomarkers. Interpretation MitoSV-seq identifies disease-relevant mtDNA mutations in single cells with high resolution, rendering it a potential drug screening platform in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Funding The Lundbeck Foundation, Danish Council for Independent Research-Medicine, and European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Jaberi
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emilie Tresse
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 14, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Weischenfeldt
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Biocomplexity and Fractality in the Search of Biomarkers of Aging and Pathology: Mitochondrial DNA Profiling of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051758. [PMID: 32143500 PMCID: PMC7084552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are considered a possible cause and this mechanism might be shared with the aging process and with other age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have recently proposed a computerized method for mutated mtDNA characterization able to discriminate between AD and aging. The present study deals with mtDNA mutation-based profiling of PD. Peripheral blood mtDNA sequences from late-onset PD patients and age-matched controls were analyzed and compared to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). The chaos game representation (CGR) method, modified to visualize heteroplasmic mutations, was used to display fractal properties of mtDNA sequences and fractal lacunarity analysis was applied to quantitatively characterize PD based on mtDNA mutations. Parameter β, from the hyperbola model function of our lacunarity method, was statistically different between PD and control groups when comparing mtDNA sequence frames corresponding to GenBank np 5713-9713. Our original method, based on CGR and lacunarity analysis, represents a useful tool to analyze mtDNA mutations. Lacunarity parameter β is able to characterize individual mutation profile of mitochondrial genome and could represent a promising index to discriminate between PD and aging.
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Sazonova MA, Ryzhkova AI, Sinyov VV, Sazonova MD, Khasanova ZB, Nikitina NA, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN, Sobenin IA. Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:693-699. [PMID: 30931844 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190329121532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome. METHODS We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature. RESULTS We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used. Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary. CONCLUSION The most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A Sazonova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia I Ryzhkova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily V Sinyov
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina D Sazonova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Zukhra B Khasanova
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A Nikitina
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Müller-Nedebock AC, Brennan RR, Venter M, Pienaar IS, van der Westhuizen FH, Elson JL, Ross OA, Bardien S. The unresolved role of mitochondrial DNA in Parkinson's disease: An overview of published studies, their limitations, and future prospects. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104495. [PMID: 31233840 PMCID: PMC6702091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has long been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Mitochondria are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction is detrimental to dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are highly dependent on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and degenerate in PD. Mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA). The role of mtDNA has been investigated in PD on the premise that it encodes vital components of the ATP-generating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and accumulates somatic variation with age. However, the association between mtDNA variation and PD remains controversial. Herein, we provide an overview of previously published studies on the role of inherited as well as somatic (acquired) mtDNA changes in PD including point mutations, deletions and depletion. We outline limitations of previous investigations and the difficulties associated with studying mtDNA, which have left its role unresolved in the context of PD. Lastly, we highlight the potential for further research in this field and provide suggestions for future studies. Overall, the mitochondrial genome is indispensable for proper cellular function and its contribution to PD requires further, more extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amica C Müller-Nedebock
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Marianne Venter
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Chandra G, Shenoi RA, Anand R, Rajamma U, Mohanakumar KP. Reinforcing mitochondrial functions in aging brain: An insight into Parkinson's disease therapeutics. J Chem Neuroanat 2017; 95:29-42. [PMID: 29269015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the neural cells in the brain, are also the seat of certain essential gene signaling pathways that control neuronal functions. Deterioration of mitochondrial functions has been widely reported in normal aging as well as in a spectrum of age-associated neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Evidences accumulated in the recent past provide not only advanced information on the causes of mitochondrial bioenergetics defects and redox imbalance in PD brains, but also much insight into mitochondrial biogenesis, quality control of mitochondrial proteins, and genes, which regulate intra- and extra-mitochondrial signaling that control the general health of neural cells. The mitochondrial quality control machinery is affected in aging and especially in PD, thus affecting intraneuronal protein transport and degradation, which are primarily responsible for accumulation of misfolded proteins and mitochondrial damage in sporadic as well as familial PD. Essentially we considered in the first half of this review, mitochondria-based targets such as mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial quality control pathways in PD, relevance of mitochondrial DNA mutations, mitophagy, mitochondrial proteases, mitochondrial flux, and finally mitochondria-based therapies possible for PD. Therapeutic aspects are considered in the later half and mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy, mitophagy enhancers, mitochondrial biogenesis boasters, mitochondrial dynamics modulators, and gene-based therapeutic approaches are discussed. The present review is a critical assessment of this information to distinguish some exemplary mitochondrial therapeutic targets, and provides a utilitarian perception of some avenues for therapeutic designs on identified mitochondrial targets for PD, a very incapacitating disorder of the geriatric population, world over.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chandra
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India.
| | - R A Shenoi
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - R Anand
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - U Rajamma
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
| | - K P Mohanakumar
- Inter University Centre for Biomedical Research & Super Speciality Hospital, Mahatma Gandhi University Campus at Thalappady, Rubber Board P.O., Kottayam, Kerala - 686009, India
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