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Cui Q, Liu Z, Bai G. Friend or foe: The role of stress granule in neurodegenerative disease. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00286-1. [PMID: 38744273 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic membraneless organelles that form in response to cellular stress. SGs are predominantly composed of RNA and RNA-binding proteins that assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. Although the formation of SGs is considered a transient and protective response to cellular stress, their dysregulation or persistence may contribute to various neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of SG physiology and pathology. It covers the formation, composition, regulation, and functions of SGs, along with their crosstalk with other membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. Furthermore, this review discusses the dual roles of SGs as both friends and foes in neurodegenerative diseases and explores potential therapeutic approaches targeting SGs. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted. A more profound comprehension of the intricate relationship between SGs and neurodegenerative diseases could inspire the development of innovative therapeutic interventions against these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Cui
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Zongyu Liu
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311121, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Fundamental and Transdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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2
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Eck RJ, Stair JG, Kraemer BC, Liachko NF. Simple models to understand complex disease: 10 years of progress from Caenorhabditis elegans models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1300705. [PMID: 38239833 PMCID: PMC10794587 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1300705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are a powerful model system to study human disease, with numerous experimental advantages including significant genetic and cellular homology to vertebrate animals, a short lifespan, and tractable behavioral, molecular biology and imaging assays. Beginning with the identification of SOD1 as a genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), C. elegans have contributed to a deeper understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of this devastating neurodegenerative disease. More recently this work has expanded to encompass models of other types of ALS and the related disease frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP), including those characterized by mutation or accumulation of the proteins TDP-43, C9orf72, FUS, HnRNPA2B1, ALS2, DCTN1, CHCHD10, ELP3, TUBA4A, CAV1, UBQLN2, ATXN3, TIA1, KIF5A, VAPB, GRN, and RAB38. In this review we summarize these models and the progress and insights from the last ten years of using C. elegans to study the neurodegenerative diseases ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J. Eck
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jade G. Stair
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian C. Kraemer
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Nicole F. Liachko
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
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3
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Wang H, Guan L, Deng M. Recent progress of the genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and challenges of gene therapy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1170996. [PMID: 37250416 PMCID: PMC10213321 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1170996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The causes of ALS are not fully understood. About 10% of ALS cases were associated with genetic factors. Since the discovery of the first familial ALS pathogenic gene SOD1 in 1993 and with the technology advancement, now over 40 ALS genes have been found. Recent studies have identified ALS related genes including ANXA11, ARPP21, CAV1, C21ORF2, CCNF, DNAJC7, GLT8D1, KIF5A, NEK1, SPTLC1, TIA1, and WDR7. These genetic discoveries contribute to a better understanding of ALS and show the potential to aid the development of better ALS treatments. Besides, several genes appear to be associated with other neurological disorders, such as CCNF and ANXA11 linked to FTD. With the deepening understanding of the classic ALS genes, rapid progress has been made in gene therapies. In this review, we summarize the latest progress on classical ALS genes and clinical trials for these gene therapies, as well as recent findings on newly discovered ALS genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LiPing Guan
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Yang Y, Fritzsching KJ, He S, McDermott AE. Zinc Alters the Supramolecular Organization of Nucleic Acid Complexes with Full-Length TIA1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.25.525508. [PMID: 36747652 PMCID: PMC9900833 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
T-Cell Intracellular Antigen-1 (TIA1) is a 43 kDa multi-domain RNA-binding protein involved in stress granule formation during eukaryotic stress response, and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Welander distal myopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. TIA1 contains three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), which are capable of binding nucleic acids and a C-terminal Q/N-rich prion-related domain (PRD) which has been variously described as intrinsically disordered or prion inducing and is believed to play a role in promoting liquid-liquid phase separation connected with the assembly of stress granule formation. Motivated by the fact that our prior work shows RRMs 2 and 3 are well-ordered in an oligomeric full-length form, while RRM1 and the PRD appear to phase separate, the present work addresses whether the oligomeric form is functional and competent for binding, and probes the consequences of nucleic acid binding for oligomerization and protein conformation change. New SSNMR data show that ssDNA binds to full-length oligomeric TIA1 primarily at the RRM2 domain, but also weakly at the RRM3 domain, and Zn 2+ binds primarily to RRM3. Binding of Zn 2+ and DNA was reversible for the full-length wild type oligomeric form, and did not lead to formation of amyloid fibrils, despite the presence of the C-terminal prion-related domain. While TIA1:DNA complexes appear as long "daisy chained" structures, the addition of Zn 2+ caused the structures to collapse. We surmise that this points to a regulatory role for Zn 2+ . By occupying various "half" binding sites on RRM3 Zn 2+ may shift the nucleic acid binding off RRM3 and onto RRM2. More importantly, the use of different half sites on different monomers may introduce a mesh of crosslinks in the supramolecular complex rendering it compact and markedly reducing the access to the nucleic acids (including transcripts) from solution.
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Rodríguez N, Gassó P, Martínez-Pinteño A, Segura ÀG, Mezquida G, Moreno-Izco L, González-Peñas J, Zorrilla I, Martin M, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Corripio I, Sarró S, Ibáñez A, Butjosa A, Contreras F, Bioque M, Cuesta MJ, Parellada M, González-Pinto A, Berrocoso E, Bernardo M, Mas S, Amoretti S S, Moren C, Stella C, Gurriarán X, Alonso-Solís A, Grasa E, Fernandez J, Gonzalez-Ortega I, Casanovas F, Bulbuena A, Núñez-Doyle Á, Jiménez-Rodríguez O, Pomarol-Clotet E, Feria-Raposo I, Usall J, Muñoz-Samons D, Ilundain JL, Sánchez-Torres AM, Saiz-Ruiz J, López-Torres I, Nacher J, De-la-Cámara C, Gutiérrez M, Sáiz PA. Gene co-expression architecture in peripheral blood in a cohort of remitted first-episode schizophrenia patients. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:45. [PMID: 35853879 PMCID: PMC9261105 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of schizophrenia subtypes is necessary to stratify the patients according to clinical attributes. To explore the genomic architecture of schizophrenia symptomatology, we analyzed blood co-expression modules and their association with clinical data from patients in remission after a first episode of schizophrenia. In total, 91 participants of the 2EPS project were included. Gene expression was assessed using the Clariom S Human Array. Weighted-gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to test its correlation with global functioning, clinical symptomatology, and premorbid adjustment. Among the 25 modules identified, six modules were significantly correlated with clinical data. These modules could be clustered in two groups according to their correlation with clinical data. Hub genes in each group showing overlap with risk genes for schizophrenia were enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes, regulation of gene expression, cellular localization and protein transport, immune processes, and neurotrophin pathways. Our results indicate that modules with significant associations with clinical data showed overlap with gene sets previously identified in differential gene-expression analysis in brain, indicating that peripheral tissues could reveal pathogenic mechanisms. Hub genes involved in these modules revealed multiple signaling pathways previously related to schizophrenia, which may represent the complex interplay in the pathological mechanisms behind the disease. These genes could represent potential targets for the development of peripheral biomarkers underlying illness traits in clinical remission stages after a first episode of schizophrenia.
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6
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Kirola L, Mukherjee A, Mutsuddi M. Recent Updates on the Genetics of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5673-5694. [PMID: 35768750 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) primarily affect the motor and frontotemporal areas of the brain, respectively. These disorders share clinical, genetic, and pathological similarities, and approximately 10-15% of ALS-FTD cases are considered to be multisystemic. ALS-FTD overlaps have been linked to families carrying an expansion in the intron of C9orf72 along with inclusions of TDP-43 in the brain. Other overlapping genes (VCP, FUS, SQSTM1, TBK1, CHCHD10) are also involved in similar functions that include RNA processing, autophagy, proteasome response, protein aggregation, and intracellular trafficking. Recent advances in genome sequencing have identified new genes that are involved in these disorders (TBK1, CCNF, GLT8D1, KIF5A, NEK1, C21orf2, TBP, CTSF, MFSD8, DNAJC7). Additional risk factors and modifiers have been also identified in genome-wide association studies and array-based studies. However, the newly identified genes show higher disease frequencies in combination with known genes that are implicated in pathogenesis, thus indicating probable digenetic/polygenic inheritance models, along with epistatic interactions. Studies suggest that these genes play a pleiotropic effect on ALS-FTD and other diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Ataxia, and Parkinsonism. Besides, there have been numerous improvements in the genotype-phenotype correlations as well as clinical trials on stem cell and gene-based therapies. This review discusses the possible genetic models of ALS and FTD, the latest therapeutics, and signaling pathways involved in ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi Kirola
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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7
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Zhang T, Yu S, Wang B, Xu Y, Shi X, Zhao W, Jiang D, Chen H, Xu J. A High Spatiotemporal Iontronic Single-Cell Viscometer. Research (Wash D C) 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/2022/9859101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideal single-cell viscometer has remained unachieved, leaving a gap in current palette of single-cell nanotools. Information of single-cell viscosity could contribute to our knowledge of fundamental biological processes, e.g., mass diffusion, biochemical interaction, and cellular responses to many diseases and pathologies. Although advances have been made to this end, existing methods generally suffer from limitations, e.g., low spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we describe a high spatiotemporal iontronic single-cell viscometer that operates upon a patch clamp integrated with double-barreled nanopores separated by a septum of ca. 32 nm. The system enables reversible electroosmotic manipulation of the adjacent small fluid bridging two nanopores, the viscous alternation of which could be sensitively monitored by the ionic responses. In practical cellular studies, significantly, our findings reveal not only the less deviated medium viscosities than those of lysosomes and mitochondria but also the highest viscosities in the near-nuclear region than those of mitochondrion-dense and lysosome-dense regions. This work has provided an accessible single-cell viscometer and enriched the armory of single-cell nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaomei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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8
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The Multifunctional Faces of T-Cell Intracellular Antigen 1 in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031400. [PMID: 35163320 PMCID: PMC8836218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1) is an RNA-binding protein that is expressed in many tissues and in the vast majority of species, although it was first discovered as a component of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. TIA1 has a dual localization in the nucleus and cytoplasm, where it plays an important role as a regulator of gene-expression flux. As a multifunctional master modulator, TIA1 controls biological processes relevant to the physiological functioning of the organism and the development and/or progression of several human pathologies. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the molecular aspects and cellular processes involving TIA1, with relevance for human pathophysiology.
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9
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Mann JR, Donnelly CJ. RNA modulates physiological and neuropathological protein phase transitions. Neuron 2021; 109:2663-2681. [PMID: 34297914 PMCID: PMC8434763 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is a pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In these diseases, TDP-43 and FUS RBPs are depleted from the nuclear compartment, where they are normally localized, and found within cytoplasmic inclusions in degenerating regions of affected individuals' postmortem tissue. The mechanisms responsible for aggregation of these proteins has remained elusive, but recent studies suggest liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) might serve as a critical nucleation step in formation of pathological inclusions. The process of phase separation also underlies the formation and maintenance of several functional membraneless organelles (MLOs) throughout the cell, some of which contain TDP-43, FUS, and other disease-linked RBPs. One common ligand of disease-linked RBPs, RNA, is a major component of MLOs containing RBPs and has been demonstrated to be a strong modulator of RBP phase transitions. Although early evidence suggested a largely synergistic effect of RNA on RBP phase separation and MLO assembly, recent work indicates that RNA can also antagonize RBP phase behavior under certain physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying RNA-mediated phase transitions of RBPs and examine the molecular properties of these interactions, such as RNA length, sequence, and secondary structure, that mediate physiological or pathological LLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Mann
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; LiveLikeLouCenter for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; LiveLikeLouCenter for ALS Research, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Protein Conformational Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213.
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10
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Asadi MR, Sadat Moslehian M, Sabaie H, Jalaiei A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Taheri M, Rezazadeh M. Stress Granules and Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:650740. [PMID: 34248597 PMCID: PMC8261063 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.650740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins called stress granules (SGs) are considered as one of the main cellular solutions against stress. Their temporary presence ends with stress relief. Any factor such as chronic stress or mutations in the structure of the components of SGs that lead to their permanent presence can affect their interactions with pathological aggregations and increase the degenerative effects. SGs involved in RNA mechanisms are important factors in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal degeneration (FTD), and Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Although many studies have been performed in the field of SGs and neurodegenerative disorders, so far, no systematic studies have been executed in this field. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive perspective of all studies about the role of SGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on the protein ingredients of these granules. This scoping review is based on a six-stage methodology structure and the PRISMA guideline. A systematic search of seven databases for qualified articles was conducted until December 2020. Publications were screened independently by two reviewers and quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on the extracted data. Bioinformatics analysis was used to plot the network and predict interprotein interactions. In addition, GO analysis was performed. A total of 48 articles were identified that comply the inclusion criteria. Most studies on neurodegenerative diseases have been conducted on ALS, AD, and FTD using human post mortem tissues. Human derived cell line studies have been used only in ALS. A total 29 genes of protein components of SGs have been studied, the most important of which are TDP-43, TIA-1, PABP-1. Bioinformatics studies have predicted 15 proteins to interact with the protein components of SGs, which may be the constituents of SGs. Understanding the interactions between SGs and pathological aggregations in neurodegenerative diseases can provide new targets for treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hani Sabaie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Jalaiei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Sanchez II, Nguyen TB, England WE, Lim RG, Vu AQ, Miramontes R, Byrne LM, Markmiller S, Lau AL, Orellana I, Curtis MA, Faull RLM, Yeo GW, Fowler CD, Reidling JC, Wild EJ, Spitale RC, Thompson LM. Huntington's disease mice and human brain tissue exhibit increased G3BP1 granules and TDP43 mislocalization. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140723. [PMID: 33945510 DOI: 10.1172/jci140723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cellular stress associated with neurodegenerative disease can result in the persistence of stress granule (SG) structures, membraneless organelles that form in response to cellular stress. In Huntington's disease (HD), chronic expression of mutant huntingtin generates various forms of cellular stress, including activation of the unfolded protein response and oxidative stress. However, it has yet to be determined whether SGs are a feature of HD neuropathology. We examined the miRNA composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with HD and show that a subset of their target mRNAs were differentially expressed in the prefrontal cortex. Of these targets, SG components were enriched, including the SG-nucleating Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1). We investigated localization and levels of G3BP1 and found a significant increase in the density of G3BP1-positive granules in the cortex and hippocampus of R6/2 transgenic mice and in the superior frontal cortex of the brains of patients with HD. Intriguingly, we also observed that the SG-associated TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), a nuclear RNA/DNA binding protein, was mislocalized to the cytoplasm of G3BP1 granule-positive HD cortical neurons. These findings suggest that G3BP1 SG dynamics may play a role in the pathophysiology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan G Lim
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Anthony Q Vu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ricardo Miramontes
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lauren M Byrne
- UCL Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Markmiller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alice L Lau
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, and
| | - Iliana Orellana
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, and.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Lewis Maxwell Faull
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, and.,Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Institute for Genomic Medicine and UCSD Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Jack C Reidling
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Edward J Wild
- UCL Huntington's Disease Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert C Spitale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior.,Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, and.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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12
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Harley J, Clarke BE, Patani R. The Interplay of RNA Binding Proteins, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ALS. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040552. [PMID: 33918215 PMCID: PMC8066094 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins fulfil a wide number of roles in gene expression. Multiple mechanisms of RNA binding protein dysregulation have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of several neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction also play important roles in these diseases. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic interplay between RNA binding protein dysregulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. We also discuss different potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Benjamin E. Clarke
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rickie Patani
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London NHS, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Correspondence: (B.E.C.); (R.P.)
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13
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum disorder is a rare fatal disease with strong genetic influences. The implementation of short-read sequencing methodologies in increasingly large patient cohorts has rapidly expanded our knowledge of the complex genetic architecture of the disease. We aim to convey the broad history of ALS gene discovery as context for a focused review of 11 ALS gene associations reported over the last 5 years. We also summarize the current level of genetic evidence for all previously reported genes.
Recent Findings
The history of ALS gene discovery has occurred in at least four identifiable phases, each powered by different technologies and scale of investigation. The most recent epoch, benefitting from population-scale genome data, large international consortia, and low-cost sequencing, has yielded 11 new gene associations. We summarize the current level of genetic evidence supporting these ALS genes, highlighting any genotype-phenotype or genotype-pathology correlations, and discussing preliminary understanding of molecular pathogenesis. This era has also raised uncertainty around prior ALS-associated genes and clarified the role of others.
Summary
Our understanding of the genetic underpinning of ALS has expanded rapidly over the last 25 years and has led directly to the clinical application of molecularly driven therapies. Ongoing sequencing efforts in ALS will identify new causative and risk factor genes while clarifying the status of genes reported in prior eras of research.
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14
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Watkins J, Ghosh A, Keerie AFA, Alix JJP, Mead RJ, Sreedharan J. Female sex mitigates motor and behavioural phenotypes in TDP-43 Q331K knock-in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19220. [PMID: 33154447 PMCID: PMC7645778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are overlapping neurodegenerative disorders. ALS is more commonly seen in men than women and the same may be the case for FTD. Preclinical models demonstrating sex-specific vulnerability may help to understand female resistance to ALS-FTD and thereby identify routes to therapy. We previously characterised a TDP-43Q331K knock-in mouse, which demonstrated behavioural phenotypes reminiscent of ALS-FTD in males. Here we present our behavioural observations of female TDP-43Q331K mutants. Female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice displayed increased weight relative to wild-type and increased food intake at 20 months of age, much later than previously observed in male mutants. Spontaneous digging behaviour was initially normal and only declined in mutants in the second year of life. Gait analysis using Catwalk (https://www.noldus.com/catwalk-xt) found significant deficits in the second year of life, while nocturnal running behaviour was attenuated from ~ 250 days of life. These results indicate that while female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice do display progressive behavioural phenotypes, these are less severe than we previously noted in male mutants. Further studies of male and female TDP-43Q331K knock-in mice may help to unravel the mechanisms underlying sex-specific vulnerability in ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Watkins
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Anshua Ghosh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Amy F A Keerie
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - James J P Alix
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Richard J Mead
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK.
| | - Jemeen Sreedharan
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 5 Cutcombe Road, London, SE5 9RX, UK.
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15
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Korb MK, Kimonis VE, Mozaffar T. Multisystem proteinopathy: Where myopathy and motor neuron disease converge. Muscle Nerve 2020; 63:442-454. [PMID: 33145792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a pleiotropic group of inherited disorders that cause neurodegeneration, myopathy, and bone disease, and share common pathophysiology. Originally referred to as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), attributed to mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP), it has more recently been discovered that there are several other genes responsible for similar clinical and pathological phenotypes with muscle, brain, nerve, and bone involvement, in various combinations. These include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 and A1 (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), matrin 3 (MATR3), T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), and optineurin (OPTN), all of which share disruption of RNA stress granule function and autophagic degradation. This review will discuss each of the genes implicated in MSP, exploring the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, current standards of care, and future directions for this diverse yet mechanistically linked spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha K Korb
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Virginia E Kimonis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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16
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Aggresome formation and liquid-liquid phase separation independently induce cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:909. [PMID: 33097688 PMCID: PMC7585435 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic inclusion of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a pathological hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Recent studies have suggested that the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates is dependent on a liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) mechanism. However, it is unclear whether TDP-43 pathology is induced through a single intracellular mechanism such as LLPS. To identify intracellular mechanisms responsible for TDP-43 aggregation, we established a TDP-43 aggregation screening system using a cultured neuronal cell line stably expressing EGFP-fused TDP-43 and a mammalian expression library of the inherited ALS/FTLD causative genes, and performed a screening. We found that microtubule-related proteins (MRPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) co-aggregated with TDP-43. MRPs and RBPs sequestered TDP-43 into the cytoplasmic aggregates through distinct mechanisms, such as microtubules and LLPS, respectively. The MRPs-induced TDP-43 aggregates were co-localized with aggresomal markers and dependent on histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), suggesting that aggresome formation induced the co-aggregation. However, the MRPs-induced aggregates were not affected by 1,6-hexanediol, an LLPS inhibitor. On the other hand, the RBPs-induced TDP-43 aggregates were sensitive to 1,6-hexanediol, but not dependent on microtubules or HDAC6. In sporadic ALS patients, approximately half of skein-like TDP-43 inclusions were co-localized with HDAC6, but round and granular type inclusion were not. Moreover, HDAC6-positive and HDAC6-negative inclusions were found in the same ALS patient, suggesting that the two distinct pathways are both involved in TDP-43 pathology. Our findings suggest that at least two distinct pathways (i.e., aggresome formation and LLPS) are involved in inducing the TDP-43 pathologies.
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17
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Arsović A, Halbach MV, Canet-Pons J, Esen-Sehir D, Döring C, Freudenberg F, Czechowska N, Seidel K, Baader SL, Gispert S, Sen NE, Auburger G. Mouse Ataxin-2 Expansion Downregulates CamKII and Other Calcium Signaling Factors, Impairing Granule-Purkinje Neuron Synaptic Strength. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6673. [PMID: 32932600 PMCID: PMC7555182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is caused by polyglutamine expansion in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2). This factor binds RNA/proteins to modify metabolism after stress, and to control calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis after stimuli. Cerebellar ataxias and corticospinal motor neuron degeneration are determined by gain/loss in ATXN2 function, so we aimed to identify key molecules in this atrophic process, as potential disease progression markers. Our Atxn2-CAG100-Knock-In mouse faithfully models features observed in patients at pre-onset, early and terminal stages. Here, its cerebellar global RNA profiling revealed downregulation of signaling cascades to precede motor deficits. Validation work at mRNA/protein level defined alterations that were independent of constant physiological ATXN2 functions, but specific for RNA/aggregation toxicity, and progressive across the short lifespan. The earliest changes were detected at three months among Ca2+ channels/transporters (Itpr1, Ryr3, Atp2a2, Atp2a3, Trpc3), IP3 metabolism (Plcg1, Inpp5a, Itpka), and Ca2+-Calmodulin dependent kinases (Camk2a, Camk4). CaMKIV-Sam68 control over alternative splicing of Nrxn1, an adhesion component of glutamatergic synapses between granule and Purkinje neurons, was found to be affected. Systematic screening of pre/post-synapse components, with dendrite morphology assessment, suggested early impairment of CamKIIα abundance together with the weakening of parallel fiber connectivity. These data reveal molecular changes due to ATXN2 pathology, primarily impacting excitability and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Arsović
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Melanie Vanessa Halbach
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Júlia Canet-Pons
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Dilhan Esen-Sehir
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.E.-S.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max von Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (D.E.-S.); (F.F.)
| | - Nicoletta Czechowska
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 10, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.C.); (K.S.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Kay Seidel
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 10, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.C.); (K.S.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Stephan L. Baader
- Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 10, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (N.C.); (K.S.); (S.L.B.)
| | - Suzana Gispert
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
| | - Nesli-Ece Sen
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, Max von Laue Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Auburger
- Experimental Neurology, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.A.); (M.V.H.); (J.C.-P.); (S.G.)
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18
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Liu Y, Shi SL. The roles of hnRNP A2/B1 in RNA biology and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 12:e1612. [PMID: 32588964 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein hnRNPA2/B1 is a member of the hnRNPs family and is widely expressed in various tissues. hnRNPA2/B1 recognizes and binds specific RNA substrates and DNA motifs and is involved in the transcription, splicing processing, transport, stability, and translation regulation of a variety of RNA molecules and in regulating the expression of a large number of genes. hnRNPA2/B1 is also involved in telomere maintenance and DNA repair, while its expression changes and mutations are involved in the development of various tumors and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. This paper reviews the role and mechanism of hnRNPA2/B1 in RNA metabolism, tumors, and neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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19
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LeBlang CJ, Medalla M, Nicoletti NW, Hays EC, Zhao J, Shattuck J, Cruz AL, Wolozin B, Luebke JI. Reduction of the RNA Binding Protein TIA1 Exacerbates Neuroinflammation in Tauopathy. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:285. [PMID: 32327969 PMCID: PMC7161592 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes play an integral role in the exacerbation and progression of pathology in tauopathies, a class of neurodegenerative disease characterized by aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The RNA binding protein (RBP) T-cell Intracellular Antigen 1 (TIA1) is an important regulator of the innate immune response in the periphery, dampening cytotoxic inflammation and apoptosis during cellular stress, however, its role in neuroinflammation is unknown. We have recently shown that TIA1 regulates tau pathophysiology and toxicity in part through the binding of phospho-tau oligomers into pathological stress granules, and that haploinsufficiency of TIA1 in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy results in reduced accumulation of toxic tau oligomers, pathologic stress granules, and the development of downstream pathological features of tauopathy. The putative role of TIA1 as a regulator of the peripheral immune response led us to investigate the effects of TIA1 on neuroinflammation in the context of tauopathy, a chronic stressor in the neural environment. Here, we evaluated indicators of neuroinflammation including; reactive microgliosis and phagocytosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons and glia of wildtype and P301S transgenic mice expressing TIA1+/+, TIA1+/-, and TIA1-/- in both early (5 month) and advanced (9 month) disease states through biochemical, ultrastructural, and histological analyses. Our data show that both TIA1 haploinsufficiency and TIA1 knockout exacerbate neuroinflammatory processes in advanced stages of tauopathy, suggesting that TIA1 dampens the immune response in the central nervous system during chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Jenna LeBlang
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Medalla
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicholas William Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma Catherine Hays
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Zhao
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jenifer Shattuck
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Lourdes Cruz
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Irene Luebke
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Dobson-Stone C, Hallupp M, Shahheydari H, Ragagnin AMG, Chatterton Z, Carew-Jones F, Shepherd CE, Stefen H, Paric E, Fath T, Thompson EM, Blumbergs P, Short CL, Field CD, Panegyres PK, Hecker J, Nicholson G, Shaw AD, Fullerton JM, Luty AA, Schofield PR, Brooks WS, Rajan N, Bennett MF, Bahlo M, Shankaracharya, Landers JE, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Halliday GM, Topp SD, Smith BN, Shaw CE, McCann E, Fifita JA, Williams KL, Atkin JD, Blair IP, Kwok JB. CYLD is a causative gene for frontotemporal dementia - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2020; 143:783-799. [PMID: 32185393 PMCID: PMC7089666 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are clinically and pathologically overlapping disorders with shared genetic causes. We previously identified a disease locus on chromosome 16p12.1-q12.2 with genome-wide significant linkage in a large European Australian family with autosomal dominant inheritance of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and no mutation in known amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or dementia genes. Here we demonstrate the segregation of a novel missense variant in CYLD (c.2155A>G, p.M719V) within the linkage region as the genetic cause of disease in this family. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue from two CYLD p.M719V mutation carriers showed widespread glial CYLD immunoreactivity. Primary mouse neurons transfected with CYLDM719V exhibited increased cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 and shortened axons. CYLD encodes a lysine 63 deubiquitinase and CYLD cutaneous syndrome, a skin tumour disorder, is caused by mutations that lead to reduced deubiquitinase activity. In contrast with CYLD cutaneous syndrome-causative mutations, CYLDM719V exhibited significantly increased lysine 63 deubiquitinase activity relative to the wild-type enzyme (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test P = 0.005). Overexpression of CYLDM719V in HEK293 cells led to more potent inhibition of the cell signalling molecule NF-κB and impairment of autophagosome fusion to lysosomes, a key process in autophagy. Although CYLD mutations appear to be rare, CYLD's interaction with at least three other proteins encoded by frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes (TBK1, OPTN and SQSTM1) suggests that it may play a central role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Mutations in several frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes, including TBK1, OPTN and SQSTM1, result in a loss of autophagy function. We show here that increased CYLD activity also reduces autophagy function, highlighting the importance of autophagy regulation in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dobson-Stone
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marianne Hallupp
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Hamideh Shahheydari
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zac Chatterton
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Francine Carew-Jones
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire E Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Thompson
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Blumbergs
- Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cathy L Short
- Department of Neurology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Colin D Field
- Adelaide Dementia Driving Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5041, Australia
| | - Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Alex D Shaw
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Agnes A Luty
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shankaracharya
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - John E Landers
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon D Topp
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Emily McCann
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Fernandopulle M, Wang G, Nixon-Abell J, Qamar S, Balaji V, Morihara R, St George-Hyslop PH. Inherited and Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Fronto-Temporal Lobar Degenerations arising from Pathological Condensates of Phase Separating Proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R187-R196. [PMID: 31595953 PMCID: PMC6872449 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work on the biophysics of proteins with low complexity, intrinsically disordered domains that have the capacity to form biological condensates has profoundly altered the concepts about the pathogenesis of inherited and sporadic neurodegenerative disorders associated with pathological accumulation of these proteins. In the present review, we use the FUS, TDP-43 and A11 proteins as examples to illustrate how missense mutations and aberrant post-translational modifications of these proteins cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fernandopulle
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - GuoZhen Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Seema Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
| | - Varun Balaji
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, CB2 0XY
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Departments of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H2
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22
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Baradaran-Heravi Y, Van Broeckhoven C, van der Zee J. Stress granule mediated protein aggregation and underlying gene defects in the FTD-ALS spectrum. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104639. [PMID: 31626953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are dynamic membraneless compartments composed out of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNA molecules that assemble temporarily to allow the cell to cope with cellular stress by stalling mRNA translation and moving synthesis towards cytoprotective proteins. Aberrant SGs have become prime suspects in the nucleation of toxic protein aggregation in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Perturbed SG dynamics appears to be mediated by alterations in RNA binding proteins (RBP). Indeed, a growing number of FTD and/or ALS related RBPs coding genes (TDP43, FUS, EWSR1, TAF15, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2B1, ATXN2, TIA1) have been identified to interfere with SG formation through mutation of their low-complexity domain (LCD), and thereby cause or influence disease. Interestingly, disease pathways associated to the C9orf72 repeat expansion, the leading genetic cause of the FTD-ALS spectrum, intersect with SG-mediated protein aggregate formation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of known SG proteins and their genetic contribution to the FTD-ALS spectrum. Importantly, multiple LCD-baring RBPs have already been identified in FTD-ALS that have not yet been genetically linked to disease. These should be considered candidate genes and offer opportunities for gene prioritization when mining sequencing data of unresolved FTD and ALS. Further, we zoom into the current understanding of the molecular processes of perturbed RBP function leading to disturbed SG dynamics, RNA metabolism, and pathological inclusions. Finally, we indicate how these gained insights open new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting phase separation and SG dynamics to reverse pathological protein aggregation and protect against toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalda Baradaran-Heravi
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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23
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Delaidelli A, Jan A, Herms J, Sorensen PH. Translational control in brain pathologies: biological significance and therapeutic opportunities. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:535-555. [PMID: 30739199 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-01971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is the terminal step in protein synthesis, providing a crucial regulatory checkpoint for this process. Translational control allows specific cell types to respond to rapid changes in the microenvironment or to serve specific functions. For example, neurons use mRNA transport to achieve local protein synthesis at significant distances from the nucleus, the site of RNA transcription. Altered expression or functions of the various components of the translational machinery have been linked to several pathologies in the central nervous system. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the basic principles of mRNA translation, and discuss alterations of this process relevant to CNS disease conditions, with a focus on brain tumors and chronic neurological conditions. Finally, synthesizing this knowledge, we discuss the opportunities to exploit the biology of altered mRNA translation for novel therapies in brain disorders, as well as how studying these alterations can shed new light on disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Asad Jan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department for Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Schillerstraße 44, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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24
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Chen Y, Cohen TJ. Aggregation of the nucleic acid-binding protein TDP-43 occurs via distinct routes that are coordinated with stress granule formation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3696-3706. [PMID: 30630951 PMCID: PMC6416430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a nucleic acid-binding protein, and its aggregation represents the defining pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and related proteinopathies. Recent studies implicate cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) as hubs that may facilitate TDP-43 aggregation. Here, using cellular fractionation, biochemical analyses, and histological assays, we show that TDP-43 targeted to the cytoplasm has multiple fates. Whereas a TDP-43 subpopulation is indeed recruited to SGs, mature aggregated TDP-43, produced with aggregate-prone TDP-43 variants or exposure to oxidative stress, generates distinct TDP-43 inclusions that are surprisingly devoid of SGs. Consistent with this observation, we found that SG components are predominantly excluded from TDP-43 pathology in motor neurons from individuals with ALS. We generated de novo SGs by expressing the fragile X protein (FMRP) and found that rather than directly engaging TDP-43 aggregates, SGs can sequester the proteostasis factor histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and thereby impede TDP-43 clearance from cells. These findings indicate that SGs form distinct cytoplasmic structures that can indirectly enhance TDP-43 aggregation. Therapeutic approaches that inhibit SG formation may therefore be effective at suppressing TDP-43-mediated toxicity in patients with ALS and related TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Todd J Cohen
- From the Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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25
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Tan RH, Guennewig B, Dobson-Stone C, Kwok JB, Kril JJ, Kiernan MC, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Halliday GM. The underacknowledged PPA-ALS. Neurology 2019; 92:e1354-e1366. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo assess the incidence, heritability, and neuropathology of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a large Australian cohort.MethodsA total of 130 patients with a primary nonfluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA) or semantic variant of PPA (svPPA) were assessed for concomitant ALS and a strong family history of neurodegenerative diseases (Goldman score ≤3). Neuropathologic examination was carried out in 28% (n = 36) of these PPA and PPA-ALS cases that had come to autopsy.ResultsALS was identified in 18% of patients with nfvPPA and 5% of patients with svPPA. PPA-ALS but not PPA was found to have a strong family history. At autopsy, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)–TDP was identified in 100% of nfvPPA-ALS cases, 100% of svPPA-ALS cases, 24% of nfvPPA cases, and 78% of svPPA cases. Clinicopathologic assessments revealed a significant association between a strong family history and underlying FTLD-TDP pathology. Pathogenic mutations in known frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/ALS genes were identified in 100% of these familial PPA cases but only 50% of familial PPA-ALS cases, suggesting the involvement of novel genetic variants in this underacknowledged phenotype.ConclusionThe present study identified ALS in 12% of a large cohort of patients with nfvPPA and svPPA, which is comparable to the 10%–15% reported in FTD overall, indicating that a third of patients with FTD-ALS will have a predominant language profile. These findings highlight the importance of assessing for ALS in PPA, particularly since this is the only PPA phenotype in which a perfect clinicopathologic association has been reported in to date.
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26
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RNA Granules and Their Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1203:195-245. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31434-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Gagliardi S, Pandini C, Garofalo M, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O, Cereda C. Long non coding RNAs and ALS: Still much to do. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:226-231. [PMID: 30533570 PMCID: PMC6260474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in RNA metabolism play an important role in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. The literature has described, so far, a small number of long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) associated to ALS demonstrating that how there is still much to do to identify and understand their role in ALS. This class of RNAs may offer numerous starting points for new investigations about pathogenic mechanism involved in ALS disease. In this review, we have collected all the presented data about lncRNAs and ALS to offer an overview about this class of non-coding RNAs and their possible role in ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Garofalo
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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28
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Hofmann JW, Seeley WW, Huang EJ. RNA Binding Proteins and the Pathogenesis of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2018; 14:469-495. [PMID: 30355151 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is a group of early onset dementia syndromes linked to underlying frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) pathology that can be classified based on the formation of abnormal protein aggregates involving tau and two RNA binding proteins, TDP-43 and FUS. Although elucidation of the mechanisms leading to FTLD pathology is in progress, recent advances in genetics and neuropathology indicate that a majority of FTLD cases with proteinopathy involving RNA binding proteins show highly congruent genotype-phenotype correlations. Specifically, recent studies have uncovered the unique properties of the low-complexity domains in RNA binding proteins that can facilitate liquid-liquid phase separation in the formation of membraneless organelles. Furthermore, there is compelling evidence that mutations in FTLD genes lead to dysfunction in diverse cellular pathways that converge on the endolysosomal pathway, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Hofmann
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; .,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94148, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA; .,Pathology Service 113B, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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29
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Zhao M, Kim JR, van Bruggen R, Park J. RNA-Binding Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Mol Cells 2018; 41:818-829. [PMID: 30157547 PMCID: PMC6182225 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant research efforts are ongoing to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which may in turn pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for treatment. The ALS research field has evolved with recent discoveries of numerous genetic mutations in ALS patients, many of which are in genes encoding RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including TDP-43, FUS, ATXN2, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, MATR3 and TIA1. Accumulating evidence from studies on these ALS-linked RBPs suggests that dysregulation of RNA metabolism, cytoplasmic mislocalization of RBPs, dysfunction in stress granule dynamics of RBPs and increased propensity of mutant RBPs to aggregate may lead to ALS pathogenesis. Here, we review current knowledge of the biological function of these RBPs and the contributions of ALS-linked mutations to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Zhao
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Jihye Rachel Kim
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Rebekah van Bruggen
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
Canada
| | - Jeehye Park
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto,
Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Canada
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30
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Maziuk BF, Apicco DJ, Cruz AL, Jiang L, Ash PEA, da Rocha EL, Zhang C, Yu WH, Leszyk J, Abisambra JF, Li H, Wolozin B. RNA binding proteins co-localize with small tau inclusions in tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:71. [PMID: 30068389 PMCID: PMC6069705 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of insoluble, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of the microtubule-associated protein tau is a defining feature of tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accumulating evidence suggests that tau pathology co-localizes with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that are known markers for stress granules (SGs). Here we used proteomics to determine how the network of tau binding proteins changes with disease in the rTg4510 mouse, and then followed up with immunohistochemistry to identify RNA binding proteins that co-localize with tau pathology. The tau interactome networks revealed striking disease-related changes in interactions between tau and a multiple RBPs, and biochemical fractionation studies demonstrated that many of these proteins including hnRNPA0, EWSR1, PABP and RPL7 form insoluble aggregates as tau pathology develops. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse and human brain tissues suggest a model of evolving pathological interaction, in which RBPs co-localize with pathological phospho-tau but occur adjacent to larger pathological tau inclusions. We suggest a model in which tau initially interacts with RBPs in small complexes, but evolves into isolated aggregated inclusions as tau pathology matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon F Maziuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Apicco
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Lourdes Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lulu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter E A Ash
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Leszyk
- University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jose F Abisambra
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, and Epilepsy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurology Program in Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., R614, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA.
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31
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Gao J, Wang L, Huntley ML, Perry G, Wang X. Pathomechanisms of TDP-43 in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2018; 146:10.1111/jnc.14327. [PMID: 29486049 PMCID: PMC6110993 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, a term that refers to the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). There is no cure or treatment available that can prevent or reverse neurodegenerative conditions. The causes of neurodegeneration in these diseases remain largely unknown; yet, an extremely small proportion of these devastating diseases are associated with genetic mutations in proteins involved in a wide range of cellular pathways and processes. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that the most notable neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, FTLD, and AD, share a common prominent pathological feature known as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, which is usually characterized by the presence of aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage and/or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells. The role of TDP-43 as a neurotoxicity trigger has been well documented in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. As such, the investigation of TDP-43 pathomechanisms in various major neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Here, after a discussion of stages of TDP-43 proteinopathy during disease progression in various major neurodegenerative diseases, we review previous and most recent studies about the potential pathomechanisms with a particular emphasis on ALS, FTLD, and AD, and discuss the possibility of targeting TDP-43 as a common therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luwen Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mikayla L. Huntley
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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32
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Singh RN, Singh NN. Mechanism of Splicing Regulation of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genes. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 20:31-61. [PMID: 29916015 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89689-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant mortality. More than 90% cases of SMA result from deletions or mutations of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, does not compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. However, correction of SMN2 exon 7 splicing has proven to confer therapeutic benefits in SMA patients. The only approved drug for SMA is an antisense oligonucleotide (Spinraza™/Nusinersen), which corrects SMN2 exon 7 splicing by blocking intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) located immediately downstream of exon 7. ISS-N1 is a complex regulatory element encompassing overlapping negative motifs and sequestering a cryptic splice site. More than 40 protein factors have been implicated in the regulation of SMN exon 7 splicing. There is evidence to support that multiple exons of SMN are alternatively spliced during oxidative stress, which is associated with a growing number of pathological conditions. Here, we provide the most up to date account of the mechanism of splicing regulation of the SMN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Natalia N Singh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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