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Ariawan D, Au C, Paric E, Fath T, Ke YD, Kassiou M, van Eersel J, Ittner LM. The Nature of Diamino Linker and Halogen Bonding Define Selectivity of Pyrrolopyrimidine-Based LIMK1 Inhibitors. Front Chem 2021; 9:781213. [PMID: 34966720 PMCID: PMC8711653 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.781213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The LIM-domain kinase (LIMK) family consists of two isoforms, LIMK1 and LIMK2, which are highly homologous, making selective inhibitor development challenging. LIMK regulates dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby impacting many cellular functions including cell morphology and motility. Here, we designed and synthesised analogues of a known pyrrolopyrimidine LIMK inhibitor with moderate selectivity for LIMK1 over LIMK2 to gain insights into which features contribute to both activity and selectivity. We incorporated a different stereochemistry around a cyclohexyl central moiety to achieve better selectivity for different LIMK isoforms. Inhibitory activity was assessed by kinase assays, and biological effects in cells were determined using an in vitro wound closure assay. Interestingly, a slight change in stereochemistry alters LIMK isoform selectivity. Finally, a docking study was performed to predict how the new compounds interact with the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Ariawan
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Au
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Janet van Eersel
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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3
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Chaichim C, Tomanic T, Stefen H, Paric E, Gamaroff L, Suchowerska AK, Gunning PW, Ke YD, Fath T, Power J. Overexpression of Tropomyosin Isoform Tpm3.1 Does Not Alter Synaptic Function in Hippocampal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179303. [PMID: 34502205 PMCID: PMC8430609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin (Tpm) has been regarded as the master regulator of actin dynamics. Tpms regulate the binding of the various proteins involved in restructuring actin. The actin cytoskeleton is the predominant cytoskeletal structure in dendritic spines. Its regulation is critical for spine formation and long-term activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. The Tpm isoform Tpm3.1 is enriched in dendritic spines, but its role in regulating the synapse structure and function is not known. To determine the role of Tpm3.1, we studied the synapse structure and function of cultured hippocampal neurons from transgenic mice overexpressing Tpm3.1. We recorded hippocampal field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) from brain slices to examine if Tpm3.1 overexpression alters long-term synaptic plasticity. Tpm3.1-overexpressing cultured neurons did not show a significantly altered dendritic spine morphology or synaptic activity. Similarly, we did not observe altered synaptic transmission or plasticity in brain slices. Furthermore, expression of Tpm3.1 at the postsynaptic compartment does not increase the local F-actin levels. The results suggest that although Tpm3.1 localises to dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons, it does not have any apparent impact on dendritic spine morphology or function. This is contrary to the functional role of Tpm3.1 previously observed at the tip of growing neurites, where it increases the F-actin levels and impacts growth cone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchanok Chaichim
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Tamara Tomanic
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Lucy Gamaroff
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Alexandra K. Suchowerska
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Yazi D. Ke
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (T.T.); (H.S.); (E.P.); (L.G.); (A.K.S.); (Y.D.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (J.P.)
| | - John Power
- Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (J.P.)
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4
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Dobson-Stone C, Hallupp M, Shahheydari H, Ragagnin AMG, Chatterton Z, Carew-Jones F, Shepherd CE, Stefen H, Paric E, Fath T, Thompson EM, Blumbergs P, Short CL, Field CD, Panegyres PK, Hecker J, Nicholson G, Shaw AD, Fullerton JM, Luty AA, Schofield PR, Brooks WS, Rajan N, Bennett MF, Bahlo M, Shankaracharya, Landers JE, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Halliday GM, Topp SD, Smith BN, Shaw CE, McCann E, Fifita JA, Williams KL, Atkin JD, Blair IP, Kwok JB. CYLD is a causative gene for frontotemporal dementia - amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2020; 143:783-799. [PMID: 32185393 PMCID: PMC7089666 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are clinically and pathologically overlapping disorders with shared genetic causes. We previously identified a disease locus on chromosome 16p12.1-q12.2 with genome-wide significant linkage in a large European Australian family with autosomal dominant inheritance of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and no mutation in known amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or dementia genes. Here we demonstrate the segregation of a novel missense variant in CYLD (c.2155A>G, p.M719V) within the linkage region as the genetic cause of disease in this family. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue from two CYLD p.M719V mutation carriers showed widespread glial CYLD immunoreactivity. Primary mouse neurons transfected with CYLDM719V exhibited increased cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43 and shortened axons. CYLD encodes a lysine 63 deubiquitinase and CYLD cutaneous syndrome, a skin tumour disorder, is caused by mutations that lead to reduced deubiquitinase activity. In contrast with CYLD cutaneous syndrome-causative mutations, CYLDM719V exhibited significantly increased lysine 63 deubiquitinase activity relative to the wild-type enzyme (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test P = 0.005). Overexpression of CYLDM719V in HEK293 cells led to more potent inhibition of the cell signalling molecule NF-κB and impairment of autophagosome fusion to lysosomes, a key process in autophagy. Although CYLD mutations appear to be rare, CYLD's interaction with at least three other proteins encoded by frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes (TBK1, OPTN and SQSTM1) suggests that it may play a central role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Mutations in several frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes, including TBK1, OPTN and SQSTM1, result in a loss of autophagy function. We show here that increased CYLD activity also reduces autophagy function, highlighting the importance of autophagy regulation in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dobson-Stone
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Marianne Hallupp
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Hamideh Shahheydari
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Audrey M G Ragagnin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Zac Chatterton
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Francine Carew-Jones
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claire E Shepherd
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Esmeralda Paric
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Thompson
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide 5006, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Peter Blumbergs
- Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Cathy L Short
- Department of Neurology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Colin D Field
- Adelaide Dementia Driving Clinic, Adelaide, SA 5041, Australia
| | - Peter K Panegyres
- Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Pty Ltd, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Jane Hecker
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Garth Nicholson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Alex D Shaw
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Agnes A Luty
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Neil Rajan
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Mark F Bennett
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Melanie Bahlo
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Shankaracharya
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - John E Landers
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Olivier Piguet
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and School of Psychology, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Simon D Topp
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King’s College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Emily McCann
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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