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Mihajlović M, Pekić S, Doknić M, Stojanović M, Rašić D, Miljić D, Petakov M, Manojlović Gačić E. Plurihormonal Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumours - A Single Centre Experience. Int J Surg Pathol 2024; 32:470-477. [PMID: 37438981 DOI: 10.1177/10668969231183712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Plurihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNET)/adenomas are pituitary neuroendocrine tumours composed of monomorphous cell populations expressing anterior pituitary transcription factors and/or hormones belonging to more than one cell lineage. Studies dedicated to plurihormonal tumours are rare and quite heterogenous with their results, bearing in mind changes in diagnostic criteria and inconsistent use of antibodies for anterior pituitary transcription factors in the diagnostic immunohistochemical panel. Material and Methods. We retrospectively analysed all patients surgically treated for PitNETs from 2016 to July 2022 in a tertiary healthcare institution. All tumours previously diagnosed PitNETs with the word "plurihormonal" were re-examined and potentially re-classified, according to 2022 WHO classification of endocrine tumours. Results. Among 721 patients surgically treated for PitNET in 5.5 years period, the diagnosis of plurihormonal PitNET was established in 11 tumours (1.3%). All tumours showed diffuse and intensive positivity for anterior pituitary transcription factors PIT1 and SF1. Clinically, all patients presented with acromegaly. Conclusions. Retrospective studies related to newly defined plurihormonal PitNETs with a reassessment of diagnoses are necessary due to their rarity and ambition to investigate their origin and biological behaviour. The fact that the majority of plurihormonal PitNETs are clinically presented with acromegaly and show simultaneous positivity to PIT1 and SF1 transcription factors deserve special attention and need for further research in larger cohorts of these exceptional tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Mihajlović
- Department of Pathology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Pekić
- Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Doknić
- Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Stojanović
- Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Rašić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Miljić
- Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Petakov
- Neuroendocrine Department, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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2
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Marrero-Rodríguez D, Moscona-Nissan A, Sidauy-Adissi J, Haidenberg-David F, Jonguitud-Zumaya E, de Jesus Chávez-Vera L, Martinez-Mendoza F, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Mercado M. The molecular biology of sporadic acromegaly. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 38:101895. [PMID: 38641464 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2024.101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
GH-secreting tumors represent 15 % to 20 % of all pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs), of which 95 % occur in a sporadic context, without an identifiable inherited cause. Recent multi-omic approaches have characterized the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and kynomic landscape of pituitary tumors. Transcriptomic analysis has allowed us to discover specific transcription factors driving the differentiation of pituitary tumors and gene expression patterns. GH-secreting, along with PRL- and TSH-secreting pitNETs are driven by POU1F1; ACTH-secreting tumors are determined by TBX19; and non-functioning tumors, which are predominantly of gonadotrope differentiation are conditioned by NR5A1. Upregulation of certain miRNAs, such as miR-107, is associated with tumor progression, while downregulation of others, like miR-15a and miR-16-1, correlates with tumor size reduction. Additionally, miRNA expression profiles are linked to treatment resistance and clinical outcomes, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets. Specific somatic mutations in GNAS, PTTG1, GIPR, HGMA2, MAST and somatic variants associated with cAMP, calcium signaling, and ATP pathways have also been associated with the development of acromegaly. This review focuses on the oncogenic mechanisms by which sporadic acromegaly can develop, covering a complex series of molecular alterations that ultimately alter the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, and dysregulated hormonal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marrero-Rodríguez
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Alberto Moscona-Nissan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Jessica Sidauy-Adissi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Fabian Haidenberg-David
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Esbeydi Jonguitud-Zumaya
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Leonel de Jesus Chávez-Vera
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Florencia Martinez-Mendoza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | - Keiko Taniguchi-Ponciano
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
| | - Moises Mercado
- Endocrine Research Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico.
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3
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Jotanovic J, Tebani A, Hekmati N, Sivertsson Å, Lindskog C, Uhlèn M, Gudjonsson O, Tsatsaris E, Engström BE, Wikström J, Pontén F, Casar-Borota O. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns Between the Invasive and Noninvasive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae040. [PMID: 38505563 PMCID: PMC10949357 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs)/pituitary adenomas remain intrasellar, a significant proportion of tumors show parasellar invasive growth and 6% to 8% infiltrate the bone structures, thus affecting the prognosis. There is an unmet need to identify novel markers that can predict the parasellar growth of PitNETs. Furthermore, mechanisms that regulate bone invasiveness of PitNETs and factors related to tumor vascularization are largely unknown. We used genome-wide mRNA analysis in a cohort of 77 patients with PitNETs of different types to explore the differences in gene expression patterns between invasive and noninvasive tumors with respect to the parasellar growth and regarding the rare phenomenon of bone invasiveness. Additionally, we studied the genes correlated to the contrast enhancement quotient, a novel radiological parameter of tumor vascularization. Most of the genes differentially expressed related to the parasellar growth were genes involved in tumor invasiveness. Differentially expressed genes associated with bone invasiveness are involved in NF-κB pathway and antitumoral immune response. Lack of clear clustering regarding the parasellar and bone invasiveness may be explained by the influence of the cell lineage-related genes in this heterogeneous cohort of PitNETs. Our transcriptomics analysis revealed differences in the molecular fingerprints between invasive, including bone invasive, and noninvasive PitNETs, although without clear clustering. The contrast enhancement quotient emerged as a radiological parameter of tumor vascularization, correlating with several angiogenesis-related genes. Several of the top genes related to the PitNET invasiveness and vascularization have potential prognostic and therapeutic application requiring further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jotanovic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 17121 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, CHU Rouen, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Neda Hekmati
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sivertsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 17121 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Lindskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlèn
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 17121 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olafur Gudjonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Tsatsaris
- Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Britt Edén Engström
- Endocrinology and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wikström
- Neuroradiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sbaffone M, Jaffrain-Rea ML, Cappabianca L, Carbonara F, Gianno F, Feola T, Ruggieri M, Zelli V, Maccarone R, Guadagni S, Clementi M, Arcella A, Esposito V, Carozza G, Martelli I, Farina AR, Mackay AR. A Study of Alternative TrkA Splicing Identifies TrkAIII as a Novel Potentially Targetable Participant in PitNET Progression. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 38534441 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are generally benign but comprise an aggressive, invasive, therapy-resistant, metastatic subset, underpinning a need for novel therapeutic targets. PitNETs exhibit low mutation rates but are associated with conditions linked to alternative splicing, an alternative oncogene pathway activation mechanism. PitNETs express the neurotrophin receptor TrkA, which exhibits oncogenic alternative TrkAIII splicing in other neuroendocrine tumors. We, therefore, assessed whether TrkAIII splicing represents a potential oncogenic participant in PitNETs. TrkAIII splicing was RT-PCR assessed in 53 PitNETs and TrkA isoform(s) expression and activation were assessed by confocal immunofluorescence. TrkAIII splicing was also compared to HIF1α, HIF2α, SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, and JCPyV large T antigen mRNA expression, Xbp1 splicing, and SF3B1 mutation. TrkAIII splicing was detected in all invasive and most non-invasive PitNETs and was significantly elevated in invasive cases. In PitNET lineages, TrkAIII splicing was significantly elevated in invasive PIT1 PitNETs and high in invasive and non-invasive SF1 and TPIT lineages. Immunoreactivity consistent with TrkAIII activation characterized PitNET expressing TrkAIII mRNA, and invasive Pit1 PitNETs exhibited elevated HIF2α expression. TrkAIII splicing did not associate with SF3B1 mutations, altered SF3B1, SRSF2, and U2AF1 or JCPyV large T antigen expression, or Xbp1 splicing. Therefore, TrkAIII splicing is common in PitNETs, is elevated in invasive, especially PIT1 tumors, can result in intracellular TrkAIII activation, and may involve hypoxia. The data support a role for TrkAIII splicing in PitNET pathogenesis and progression and identify TrkAIII as a novel potential target in refractory PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sbaffone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marie-Lise Jaffrain-Rea
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Carbonara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Feola
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Ruggieri
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marco Clementi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonietta Arcella
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Esposito
- Neuromed, Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Carozza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ilaria Martelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Dottermusch M, Ryba A, Ricklefs FL, Flitsch J, Schmid S, Glatzel M, Saeger W, Neumann JE, Schüller U. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors with PIT1/SF1 co-expression show distinct clinicopathological and molecular features. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:16. [PMID: 38228887 PMCID: PMC10791732 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are classified according to cell lineage, which requires immunohistochemistry for adenohypophyseal hormones and the transcription factors (TFs) PIT1, SF1, and TPIT. According to the current WHO 2022 classification, PitNETs with co-expression of multiple TFs are termed "plurihormonal". Previously, PIT1/SF1 co-expression was prevailingly reported in PitNETs, which otherwise correspond to the somatotroph lineage. However, little is known about such tumors and the WHO classification has not recognized their significance. We compiled an in-house case series of 100 tumors, previously diagnosed as somatotroph PitNETs. Following TF staining, histopathological features associated with PIT1/SF1 co-expression were assessed. Integration of in-house and publicly available sample data allowed for a meta-analysis of SF1-associated clinicopathological and molecular features across a total of 270 somatotroph PitNETs. The majority (74%, 52/70) of our densely granulated somatotroph PitNETs (DGST) unequivocally co-expressed PIT1 and SF1 (DGST-PIT1/SF1). None (0%, 0/30) of our sparsely granulated somatotroph PitNETs (SGST) stained positive for SF1 (SGST-PIT1). Among DGST, PIT1/SF1 co-expression was significantly associated with scarce FSH/LH expression and fewer fibrous bodies compared to DGST-PIT1. Integrated molecular analyses including publicly available samples confirmed that DGST-PIT1/SF1, DGST-PIT1 and SGST-PIT1 represent distinct tumor subtypes. Clinicopathological meta-analyses indicated that DGST-PIT1 respond more favorably towards treatment with somatostatin analogs compared to DGST-PIT1/SF1, while both these subtypes show an overall less aggressive clinical course than SGST-PIT1. In this study, we spotlight that DGST with co-expression of PIT1 and SF1 represent a common, yet underrecognized, distinct PitNET subtype. Our study questions the rationale of generally classifying such tumors as "plurihormonal", and calls for a refinement of the WHO classification. We propose the term "somatogonadotroph PitNET".
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dottermusch
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alice Ryba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Flitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Schmid
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Saeger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia E Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Children's Cancer Research Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Jamali E, Hashemnejad MA, Askari A, Shomali H, Eslami S, Akbari Dilmaghani N, Sharifi G, Bahranian A, Ghafouri-Fard S. A bioinformatics-based approach and expression assay for identification of dysregulated genes in pituitary adenoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155006. [PMID: 38056134 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are a group of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors that are associated with morbidity. The exact pathophysiological process leading to this pathology is not known. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotropic factor that might be involved in this process. We used bioinformatics tools to analyze expression of genes in NFPA samples. Our analyses led to identification of NGF-related genes, namely ARC, ID1, and SH3GL3 - as well as one long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) called myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT). Then, we assessed their expression in NFPAs and their adjacent non-cancerous samples. While expression levels of SH3GL3 and MIAT were different between NFPA samples and control samples, expressions of ARC and ID1 were not meaningfully different between these two groups of specimens. SH3GL3 was over-expressed in NFPA samples compared with control samples (expression ratio (95% CI)= 8.22 (1.51-44.6), P value= 0.03). Similarly, expression of MIAT was higher in NFPAs compared with controls (expression ratio (95% CI)= 7.7 (1.7-33.6), P value= 0.009). Taken together, we validated the bioinformatics results regarding the expression of SH3GL3 and MIAT. This study provides a deeper understanding of the involvement of these genes in the pituitary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jamali
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Amin Hashemnejad
- Clinical Research Developmental Unit (CRDU) of Shahid Rajaei Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arian Askari
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shomali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solat Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Guive Sharifi
- Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arefe Bahranian
- Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
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7
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Derwich A, Sykutera M, Bromińska B, Rubiś B, Ruchała M, Sawicka-Gutaj N. The Role of Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK Pathways in Aggressive Pituitary Adenomas-New Potential Therapeutic Approach-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10952. [PMID: 37446128 PMCID: PMC10341524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary tumors (PT) are mostly benign, although occasionally they demonstrate aggressive behavior, invasion of surrounding tissues, rapid growth, resistance to conventional treatments, and multiple recurrences. The pathogenesis of PT is still not fully understood, and the factors responsible for its invasiveness, aggressiveness, and potential for metastasis are unknown. RAF/MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling are significant pathways in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and survival, its importance in tumorigenesis has been highlighted. The aim of our review is to determine the role of the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways in the pathogenesis of pituitary tumors. Additionally, we evaluate their potential in a new therapeutic approach to provide alternative therapies and improved outcomes for patients with aggressive pituitary tumors that do not respond to standard treatment. We perform a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases (search date was 2012-2023). Out of the 529 screened studies, 13 met the inclusion criteria, 7 related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and 7 to the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (one study was used in both analyses). Understanding the specific factors involved in PT tumorigenesis provides opportunities for targeted therapies. We also review the possible new targeted therapies and the use of mTOR inhibitors and TKI in PT management. Although the RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways play a pivotal role in the complex signaling network along with many interactions, further research is urgently needed to clarify the exact functions and the underlying mechanisms of these signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas and their role in its invasiveness and aggressive clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Derwich
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Sykutera
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Barbara Bromińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
| | - Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (A.D.)
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8
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Kim SH, Chang SJC, Dobri G, Strauss S, Lin E, Zavaletta V, Pannullo SC, Osborne JR, Schwartz TH, Knisely JPS, Ivanidze J. [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MR-based evaluation of physiologic somatostatin receptor 2 expression in the adult pituitary gland as a function of age and sex in a prospective cohort. Pituitary 2023:10.1007/s11102-023-01329-0. [PMID: 37285059 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-023-01329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pituitary gland has the fourth highest physiologic avidity of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE. In order to guide our understanding of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET in clinical contexts, accurate characterization of the normal pituitary gland is first required. This study aimed to characterize the normal pituitary gland using dedicated brain [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI as a function of age and sex. METHODS A total of 95 patients with a normal pituitary gland underwent brain [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET examinations for the purpose of diagnosing CNS SSTR2 positive tumors (mean age: 58.9, 73% female). Maximum SUV of the pituitary gland was obtained in each patient. SUV of superior sagittal sinus was obtained to calculate normalized SUV score (SUVR) of the gland. The anatomic size of the gland was collected as maximum sagittal height (MSH). Correlations with age and sex were analyzed. RESULTS The mean SUV and SUVR of the pituitary gland were 17.6 (range: 7-59.5, SD = 7.1) and 13.8 (range: 3.3-52.6, SD = 7.2), respectively. Older females had significantly higher SUV of the pituitary gland compared to younger females. When stratified by age and sex, both older and younger females had significantly higher pituitary SUV than older males. SUVR did not differ significantly by age or sex. MSH of the pituitary gland in younger females was significantly greater than in younger males at all age cutoffs. CONCLUSION This study provides an empiric profiling of the physiological [68 Ga]-DOTATATE avidity of the pituitary gland. The findings suggest that SUV may vary by age and sex and can help guide the use of [68 Ga]-DOTATATE PET/MRI in clinical and research settings. Future studies can build on these findings to investigate further the relationship between pituitary biology and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kim
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Se Jung Chris Chang
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Georgiana Dobri
- Department of Endocrinology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sara Strauss
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Eaton Lin
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Vaz Zavaletta
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Susan C Pannullo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Osborne
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan P S Knisely
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jana Ivanidze
- Department of Radiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, 525 E. 68Th St, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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9
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Zhang F, Zhang Q, Zhu J, Yao B, Ma C, Qiao N, He S, Ye Z, Wang Y, Han R, Feng J, Wang Y, Qin Z, Ma Z, Li K, Zhang Y, Tian S, Chen Z, Tan S, Wu Y, Ran P, Wang Y, Ding C, Zhao Y. Integrated proteogenomic characterization across major histological types of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Cell Res 2022; 32:1047-1067. [PMID: 36307579 PMCID: PMC9715725 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-022-00736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) is one of the most common intracranial tumors. Due to its extensive tumor heterogeneity and the lack of high-quality tissues for biomarker discovery, the causative molecular mechanisms are far from being fully defined. Therefore, more studies are needed to improve the current clinicopathological classification system, and advanced treatment strategies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy are yet to be explored. Here, we performed the largest integrative genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analysis reported to date for a cohort of 200 PitNET patients. Genomics data indicate that GNAS copy number gain can serve as a reliable diagnostic marker for hyperproliferation of the PIT1 lineage. Proteomics-based classification of PitNETs identified 7 clusters, among which, tumors overexpressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers clustered into a more invasive subgroup. Further analysis identified potential therapeutic targets, including CDK6, TWIST1, EGFR, and VEGFR2, for different clusters. Immune subtyping to explore the potential for application of immunotherapy in PitNET identified an association between alterations in the JAK1-STAT1-PDL1 axis and immune exhaustion, and between changes in the JAK3-STAT6-FOS/JUN axis and immune infiltration. These identified molecular markers and alternations in various clusters/subtypes were further confirmed in an independent cohort of 750 PitNET patients. This proteogenomic analysis across traditional histological boundaries improves our current understanding of PitNET pathophysiology and suggests novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiajun Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyuan Yao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Ma
- grid.462338.80000 0004 0605 6769State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan center for outstanding overseas scientists of pulmonary fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Nidan Qiao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiman He
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Ye
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Han
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwen Feng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Qin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zengyi Ma
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Tian
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyuan Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Subei Tan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Ran
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China. .,Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Multiple Susceptibility Loci for Malignant Neoplasms of the Brain in Taiwan. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071161. [PMID: 35887658 PMCID: PMC9323978 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain malignancy is a rare tumor with a global incidence of less than 10 per 100,000 people. Hence, there is limited power for identifying risk loci in individual studies, especially for Han Chinese. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Taiwan, including 195 cases and 195 controls. We identified five new genes for malignant neoplasms of the brain: EDARADD (rs645507, 1p31.3, p = 7.71 × 10−5, odds ratio (OR) = 1.893), RBFOX1 (rs8044700, p = 2.35 × 10−5, OR = 2.36), LMF1 (rs3751667, p = 7.24 × 10−7, OR = 2.17), DPP6 (rs67433368, p = 8.32 × 10−5, OR = 3.94), and NDUFB9 (rs7827791, p = 9.73 × 10−6, OR = 4.42). These data support that genetic susceptibility toward GBM or non-GBM tumors is highly distinct, likely reflecting different etiologies. Combined with signaling analysis, we found that RNA modification may be related to major risk factors in primary malignant neoplasms of the brain.
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11
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Mihajlović M, Manojlović-Gačić E. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland: Modern diagnostic approach. MEDICINSKI PODMLADAK 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/mp73-37336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are neuroendocrine tumors originating from adenohypophyseal cells. Although benign, PitNETs sometimes exhibit aggressive biological behavior that was the inspiration for the change of old and traditional name "pituitary adenomas". Current standard in PitNET diagnostics, according to WHO criteria, is immunohistochemistry, with application of antibodies to adenohypophysis hormones and transcription factors TPIT (T-box family member TBX19), PIT1 (pituitary transcription factor 1) and SF-1 (steroidogenic factor-1) according to which, the line of differentiation is assessed. In the PIT1 line of differentiation there are somatotroph, lactotroph and thyrotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors are from PIT1 lineage that produce growth hormone (GH). The WHO defines the following subtypes of somatotroph tumors: densely granulated and sparsely granulated somatotroph tumor. Lactotroph tumors are the most common neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland. The transcription factors PIT1 and the estrogen receptor a (ERa) play a key role in their genesis. There are two subtypes of lactotroph tumors, densely and sparsely granulated that are differentiated by the type of prolactine (PRL) staining pattern. Thyrotroph tumors expess both PIT1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), and can show variable positivity for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Beside these three main tumor types of PIT1 lineage, there are mixed lactotroph and somatotroph tumors, mamosomatotroph tumor, acifophilic "stem cell" tumor, mature and immature plurihormonal tumor. Corticotroph tumors express transcription factor TPIT, and produce adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). They can be densely granulated and sparsely granulated. Rare subtype of corticotroph tumors, that can show aggressive biological behavior, is Crooke cell tumor. Gonadotroph tumors are of SF1 lineage of differentiation, and they produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Null-cell tumors show no distinct cell lineage, and do not express any of the transcription factors. With the use of transcription factors, these tumors are diagnosed through elimination, and their number tented to decrease.
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