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Xu J, Zhou L, Chen H, He Y, Zhao G, Li L, Efferth T, Ding Z, Shan L. Aerosol inhalation of total ginsenosides repairs acute lung injury and inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through SMAD2 signaling-mediated mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155871. [PMID: 39098168 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive lung disease caused by previous acute lung injury (ALI), but there is currently no satisfactory therapy available. Aerosol inhalation of medicine is an effective way for treating PF. Total ginsenosides (TG) shows potential for the treatment of ALI and PF, but the effects of inhaled TG remain unclear. PURPOSE To determine the therapeutic effects of TG in ALI and PF, to assess the superiority of the inhaled form of TG over the routine form, and to clarify the mechanism of action of inhaled TG. METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) was applied to determine the chemoprofile of TG. A mouse model of ALI and PF was established to evaluate the effects of inhaled TG by using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, histopathological observation, hydroxyproline assay, and immunohistochemical analysis. Primary mouse lung fibroblasts (MLF) and human lung fibroblast cell line (HFL1) were applied to determine the in vitro effects and mechanism of TG by using cell viability assay, quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) assay, and western blot (WB) analysis. RESULTS The UPLC-QE-MS results revealed the main types of ginsenosides in TG, including Re (14.15 ± 0.42%), Rd (8.42 ± 0.49%), Rg1 (6.22 ± 0.42%), Rb3 (3.28 ± 0.01%), Rb2 (3.09 ± 0.00%), Rc (2.33 ± 0.01%), Rg2 (2.09 ± 0.04%), Rb1 (1.43 ± 0.24%), and Rf (0.13 ± 0.06%). Inhaled TG, at dosages of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg significantly alleviated both ALI and PF in mice. Analyses of BALF and HE staining revealed that TG modulated the levels of IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TGF-β1, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and restored the alveolar architecture of the lung tissues. Furthermore, HE and Masson's trichrome staining demonstrated that TG markedly decreased fibroblastic foci and collagen fiber deposition, evidenced by the reduction of blue-stained collagen fibers. Hydroxyproline assay and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that TG significantly decreased hydroxyproline level and down-regulated the expression of Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-sma. The inhaled administration of TG demonstrated enhanced efficacy over the oral route when comparable doses were used. Additionally, inhaled TG showed superior safety and therapeutic profiles compared to pirfenidone, as evidenced by a CCK8 assay, which confirmed that TG concentrations ranging from 20 to 120 μg/ml were non-cytotoxic. qPCR and WB analyses revealed that TG, at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml, significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of smad2 induced by TGF-β1 and down-regulated the expression of fibrotic genes and proteins, including α-sma, Col1a1, Col3a1, and FN1, suggesting an anti-fibrotic mechanism mediated by the smad2 signaling pathway. In vitro, TG's safety and efficacy were also found to be superior to those of pirfenidone. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled TG in treating ALI and PF. Inhaled TG effectively inhibits inflammation and reduces collagen deposition, with a particular emphasis on its role in modulating the Smad2 signaling pathway, which is implicated in the anti-fibrotic mechanism of TG. The study also highlights the superiority of inhaled TG over the oral route and its favorable safety profile in comparison to pirfenidone, positioning it as an ideal alternative for ALI and PF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaan Xu
- Fuyang Academy of Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huixin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yuzhou He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Fuyang Academy of Research, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Zhishan Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Letian Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Vijayakumar A, Kim JH. Ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; Pharmacological potentials for the coronavirus (COVID-19). J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:113-121. [PMID: 38465214 PMCID: PMC10920003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its outbreak in late 2019, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly caused global morbidity and deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has major complications in cardiovascular and pulmonary system. The increased rate of mortality is due to delayed detection of certain biomarkers that are crucial in the development of disease. Furthermore, certain proteins and enzymes in cellular signaling pathways play an important role in replication of SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are mild to moderate symptoms, however severe cases of COVID-19 leads to death. Detecting the level of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, procalcitonin and Matrix metalloproteinases helps in early detection of the severity of disease. Similarly, through downregulating Renin-angiotensin system, interleukin, Mitogen-activated protein kinases and Phosphoinositide 3-kinases pathways, COVID-19 can be effectively controlled and mortality could be prevented. Ginseng and ginsenosides possess therapeutic potential in cardiac and pulmonary complications, there are several studies performed in which they have suppressed these biomarkers and downregulated the pathways, thereby inhibiting the further spread of disease. Supplementation with ginseng or ginsenoside could act on multiple pathways to reduce the level of biomarkers significantly and alleviate cardiac and pulmonary damage. Therefore, this review summarizes the potential of ginseng extract and ginsenosides in controlling the cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vijayakumar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Song Z, Liu Q, Fan D, Song X. Ginsenosides: a potential natural medicine to protect the lungs from lung cancer and inflammatory lung disease. Food Funct 2023; 14:9137-9166. [PMID: 37801293 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest morbidity and mortality. Additionally, pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pneumonia, acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF), also have high mortality rates and can promote the development and progression of lung cancer. Unfortunately, available treatments for them are limited, so it is critical to search for effective drugs and treatment strategies to protect the lungs. Ginsenosides, the main active components of ginseng, have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this paper, we focus on the beneficial effects of ginsenosides on lung diseases and their molecular mechanisms. Firstly, the molecular mechanism of ginsenosides against lung cancer was summarized in detail, mainly from the points of view of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and immunity. In in vivo and in vitro lung cancer models, ginsenosides Rg3, Rh2 and CK were reported to have strong anti-lung cancer effects. Then, in the models of pneumonia and acute lung injury, the protective effect of Rb1 was particularly remarkable, followed by Rg3 and Rg1, and its molecular mechanism was mainly associated with targeting NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, ginsenosides may also have a potential health-promoting effect in the improvement of COPD, asthma and PF. Furthermore, to overcome the low bioavailability of CK and Rh2, the development of nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes and other nanomedicine delivery systems can significantly improve the efficacy of targeted lung cancer treatment. To conclude, ginsenosides can be used as both anti-lung cancer and lung protective agents or adjuvants and have great potential for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Zhimin Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Qingchao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotechnology & Biomedicine Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Zhu Y, Han Q, Wang L, Wang B, Chen J, Cai B, Wu C, Zhu X, Liu F, Han D, Dong H, Jia Y, Liu Y. Jinhua Qinggan granules attenuates acute lung injury by promotion of neutrophil apoptosis and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115763. [PMID: 36183949 PMCID: PMC9523948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the fatal complications of respiratory virus infections such as influenza virus and coronavirus, which has high clinical morbidity and mortality. Jinhua Qinggan granules (JHQG) has been approved by China Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of H1N1 influenza and mild or moderate novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an herbal formula developed based on Maxingshigan decoction and Yinqiao powder that have been used to respiratory diseases in China for thousands of years. However, the underlying mechanism of JHQG in treating infectious diseases remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the effects of JHQG on neutrophil apoptosis and key signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced ALI mice in order to explore its mechanism of anti-inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of JHQG on survival rate was observed in septic mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (20 mg/kg). To better pharmacological evaluation, the mice received an intratracheal injection of 5 mg/kg LPS. Lung histopathological changes, wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs, and MPO activity in the lungs and total protein concentration, total cells number, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2 levels in BALF were assessed. Neutrophil apoptosis rate was detected by Ly6G-APC/Annexin V-FITC staining. Key proteins associated with apoptosis including caspase 3/7 activity, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 were measured by flow cytometry and confocal microscope, respectively. TLR4 receptor and its downstream signaling were analyzed by Western blot assay and immunofluorescence, respectively. RESULTS JHQG treatment at either 6 or 12 g/kg/day resulted in 20% increase of survival in 20 mg/kg LPS-induced mice. In the model of 5 mg/kg LPS-induced mice, JHQG obviously decreased the total protein concentration in BALF, wet-to-dry ratio of the lungs, and lung histological damage. It also attenuated the MPO activity and the proportion of Ly6G staining positive neutrophils in the lungs, as well as the MIP-2 levels in BALF were reduced. JHQG inhibited the expression of Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL and enhanced caspase-3/7 activity, indicating that JHQG partially acted in promoting neutrophil apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly declined in LPS-induced mice treated with JHQG. Furthermore, JHQG reduced the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, p-p65 and the proportion of nuclei p65, suggesting that JHQG treatment inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION JHQG reduced pulmonary inflammation and protected mice from LPS-induced ALI by promoting neutrophil apoptosis and inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, suggesting that JHQG may be a promising drug for treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Qianqian Han
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Baiyan Wang
- School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Jianshuang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Bangrong Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Can Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Xiali Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Fugang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Deen Han
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Haoran Dong
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yongyan Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
| | - Yalin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Su H, Tian CJ, Wang Y, Shi J, Chen X, Zhen Z, Bai Y, Deng L, Feng C, Ma Z, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces oxidative/carbonyl stress damage and ameliorates inflammation in the lung of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2229-2236. [PMID: 36367996 PMCID: PMC9662009 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2140168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) is a biologically active component of ginseng [Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae)]. OBJECTIVE This study determined the underlying mechanisms of Rb1 treatment that acted on diabetes-injured lungs in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model was used. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, Rb1 (20 mg/kg), insulin (15 U/kg to attain the euglycaemic state) and diabetic (untreated). After treatment for six weeks, oxidative stress assay; histological and ultrastructure analyses; TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1 and IL-6 protein expression analyses; and the detection of apoptosis were performed. RESULTS There was decreased activity of SOD (3.53-fold), CAT (2.55-fold) and GSH (1.63-fold) and increased levels of NO (4.47-fold) and MDA (3.86-fold) in the diabetic group from control. Rb1 treatment increased SOD (2.4-fold), CAT (1.9-fold) and GSH (1.29-fold) and decreased the levels of NO (1.76-fold) and MDA (1.51-fold) as compared with diabetic rats. The expression of IL-6 (5.13-fold), IL-1α (2.35-fold), TNF-α (2.35-fold) and TGF-β (2.39-fold) was increased in diabetic rats from control. IL-6 (2.43-fold), IL-1α (2.27-fold), TNF-α (1.68-fold) and TGF-β (2.3-fold) were decreased in the Rb1 treatment group. Diabetes increased the apoptosis rate (2.23-fold vs. control), and Rb1 treatment decreased the apoptosis rate (1.73-fold vs. the diabetic rats). Rb1 and insulin ameliorated lung tissue injury. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Rb1 could be useful for mitigating oxidative damage and inflammatory infiltration in the diabetic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ju Tian
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Shi
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Bai
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lan Deng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Feng
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- College of Physical Education and Sports Rehabilitation, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a prognostic biomarker of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7909. [PMID: 35552507 PMCID: PMC9098871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is produced in the bronchial and alveolar cells of inflamed lungs and is regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker in various respiratory diseases. However, there are no studies on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). NGAL levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured at baseline and on day 7 in 110 patients with ARDS. Baseline NGAL levels were significantly higher in ARDS patients than in healthy controls (serum 25 [14.5–41] vs. 214 [114.5–250.3] ng/mL; BAL 90 [65–115] vs. 211 [124–244] ng/mL). In ARDS, baseline NGAL levels in serum and BAL were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Baseline NGAL levels showed a fair predictive power for intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (serum area under the curve (AUC) 0.747, p < 0.001; BAL AUC 0.768, p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the baseline serum NGAL level (> 240 ng/mL) was significantly associated with ICU mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–10.85, p < 0.001). In particular, day 7 NGAL was significantly correlated with day 7 driving pressure (serum r = 0.388, BAL r = 0.702), and 28 ventilator-free days (serum r = − 0.298, BAL r = − 0.297). Baseline NGAL has good prognostic value for ICU mortality in patients with ARDS. NGAL can be a biomarker for ventilator requirement, as it may be indicative of potential alveolar epithelial injury.
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Zhang W, Zhu Q. Punicalagin suppresses inflammation in ventilator-induced lung injury through protease-activated receptor-2 inhibition-induced inhibition of NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome activation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:218-229. [PMID: 35434894 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Punicalagin is recorded to be a potent anti-inflammatory drug, while its effect on inflammation existing in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) requires further verification. Rats were pretreated with punicalagin, followed by VILI modeling. Lung histopathological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining accompanied by the lung injury score. The lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio and total bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein level were measured. After transfection with protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) overexpression plasmids, mouse alveolar epithelial MLE-12 cells were treated with punicalagin and then subjected to cyclic stretching. Punicalagin's cytotoxicity to MLE-12 cells were measured by MTT assay. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), PAR2, NLR family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3), and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) in the BALF, lung tissues or cells were analyzed by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA), qRT-PCR or/and western blot. Punicalagin treatment attenuated VILI-induced lung histopathological changes and counteracted VILI-induced increases in the lung injury score, W/D weight ratio and total protein level in BALF. Also, punicalagin treatment counteracted in vivo VILI/cyclic stretching-induced increases in the levels of PAR2, inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3, and ASC. PAR2 overexpression potentiated the cyclic stretching-induced effects, while punicalagin treatment revoked this PAR2 overexpression-induced potentiation effect. In turn, PAR2 overexpression partly resisted the punicalagin treatment-induced counteractive effects on the cyclic stretching-induced effects. Punicalagin suppresses inflammation in VILI through PAR2 inhibition-induced inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou City, China
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KOŞMAZ K, DURHAN A, ŞENLİKCİ A, SÜLEYMAN M, BOSTANCI MT, PEKCİCİ MR, ŞENEŞ M, ALKAN KUŞABBİ İ, GÖNÜLTAŞ MA, HÜCÜMENOĞLU S, BARLAS AM, BAĞ YM, ERSAK C, ERGÜDER E. Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Red Ginseng on Lipid Profile, Endothelial and Oxidative Damage after Splenectomy in Rats. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.952140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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A Peptide Inhibitor of Peroxiredoxin 6 Phospholipase A 2 Activity Significantly Protects against Lung Injury in a Mouse Model of Ventilator Induced Lung Injury (VILI). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060925. [PMID: 34200443 PMCID: PMC8226847 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) is a lung injury syndrome associated with mechanical ventilation, most frequently for treatment of Acute Lung Injury (ALI), and generally secondary to the use of greater than physiologic tidal volumes. To reproduce this syndrome experimentally, C57Bl/6 mice were intubated and ventilated with low (4 mL/Kg body weight) or high (12 mL/Kg) tidal volume for 6 h. Lung parameters with low volume ventilation were unchanged from non-ventilated (control) mice. High tidal volume ventilation resulted in marked lung injury with increased neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) indicating lung inflammation, increase in both protein in BALf and lung dry/wet weight indicating lung edema, increased lung thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-isoprostanes indicating lung lipid peroxidation, and increased lung protein carbonyls indicating protein oxidation. Either intratracheal or intravenous pretreatment of mice with a 9 amino acid peptide called peroxiredoxin 6 inhibitor peptide-2 (PIP-2) significantly reduced all parameters of lung injury by ~50–80%. PIP-2 inhibits NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) activation. We propose that PIP-2 does not affect the mechanically induced lung damage component of VILI but does significantly reduce the secondary inflammatory component.
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