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Xue J, Liu D, Li D, Hong T, Li C, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Gao X, Guo L, Shen X, Ma P, Zheng Q. New Carbon Materials for Multifunctional Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312596. [PMID: 38490737 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Soft electronics are garnering significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in artificial skin, health monitoring, human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Various soft physical sensors such as mechanical sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors are the fundamental building blocks for soft electronics. While the fast growth and widespread utilization of electronic devices have elevated life quality, the consequential electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiation pose potential threats to device precision and human health. Another substantial concern pertains to overheating issues that occur during prolonged operation. Therefore, the design of multifunctional soft electronics exhibiting excellent capabilities in sensing, EMI shielding, and thermal management is of paramount importance. Because of the prominent advantages in chemical stability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and easy functionalization, new carbon materials including carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, graphdiyne, and sustainable natural-biomass-derived carbon are particularly promising candidates for multifunctional soft electronics. This review summarizes the latest advancements in multifunctional soft electronics based on new carbon materials across a range of performance aspects, mainly focusing on the structure or composite design, and fabrication method on the physical signals monitoring, EMI shielding, and thermal management. Furthermore, the device integration strategies and corresponding intriguing applications are highlighted. Finally, this review presents prospects aimed at overcoming current barriers and advancing the development of state-of-the-art multifunctional soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xue
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Da Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Tianzeng Hong
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Zifu Zhu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Yuxuan Sun
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- The Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, The Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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Zhang J, Hu XG, Ji K, Zhao S, Liu D, Li B, Hou PX, Liu C, Liu L, Stranks SD, Cheng HM, Silva SRP, Zhang W. High-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2245. [PMID: 38472279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifacial perovskite solar cells have shown great promise for increasing power output by capturing light from both sides. However, the suboptimal optical transmittance of back metal electrodes together with the complex fabrication process associated with front transparent conducting oxides have hindered the development of efficient bifacial PSCs. Here, we present a novel approach for bifacial perovskite devices using single-walled carbon nanotubes as both front and back electrodes. single-walled carbon nanotubes offer high transparency, conductivity, and stability, enabling bifacial PSCs with a bifaciality factor of over 98% and a power generation density of over 36%. We also fabricate flexible, all-carbon-electrode-based devices with a high power-per-weight value of 73.75 W g-1 and excellent mechanical durability. Furthermore, we show that our bifacial devices have a much lower material cost than conventional monofacial PSCs. Our work demonstrates the potential of SWCNT electrodes for efficient, stable, and low-cost bifacial perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xian-Gang Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Songru Zhao
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Thomas Telford (AA) building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dongtao Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Bowei Li
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Thomas Telford (AA) building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, 291 Louming Road, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Sayyad PW, Park SJ, Ha TJ. Bioinspired nanoplatforms for human-machine interfaces: Recent progress in materials and device applications. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108297. [PMID: 38061687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The panoramic characteristics of human-machine interfaces (HMIs) have prompted the needs to update the biotechnology community with the recent trends, developments, and future research direction toward next-generation bioelectronics. Bioinspired materials are promising for integrating various bioelectronic devices to realize HMIs. With the advancement of scientific biotechnology, state-of-the-art bioelectronic applications have been extensively investigated to improve the quality of life by developing and integrating bioinspired nanoplatforms in HMIs. This review highlights recent trends and developments in the field of biotechnology based on bioinspired nanoplatforms by demonstrating recently explored materials and cutting-edge device applications. Section 1 introduces the recent trends and developments of bioinspired nanomaterials for HMIs. Section 2 reviews various flexible, wearable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoplatforms for bioinspired applications. Section 3 furnishes recently explored substrates as carriers for advanced nanomaterials in developing HMIs. Section 4 addresses recently invented biomimetic neuroelectronic, nanointerfaces, biointerfaces, and nano/microfluidic wearable bioelectronic devices for various HMI applications, such as healthcare, biopotential monitoring, and body fluid monitoring. Section 5 outlines designing and engineering of bioinspired sensors for HMIs. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for next-generation bioinspired nanoplatforms in extending the potential on HMIs are discussed for a near-future scenario. We believe this review can stimulate the integration of bioinspired nanoplatforms into the HMIs in addition to wearable electronic skin and health-monitoring devices while addressing prevailing and future healthcare and material-related problems in biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasha W Sayyad
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Park
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jun Ha
- Dept. of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
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Zhou J, Zhao S, Tang L, Zhang D, Sheng B. Programmable and Weldable Superelastic EGaIn/TPU Composite Fiber by Wet Spinning for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38031357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
As an essential component of flexible electronics, superelastic conductive fibers with good mechanical and electrical properties have drawn significant attention, especially in their preparation. In this study, we prepared a superelastic conductive fiber composed of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) by simple wet spinning. The composite conductive fiber with a liquid metal (LM) content of 85 wt % achieved a maximum strain at a break of 659.2%, and after the conductive pathway in the porous structure of the composite fibers was fully activated, high conductivity (1.2 × 105 S/m) was achieved with 95 wt % LM by mechanical sintering and training processes. The prepared conductive fibers exhibited a stable resistive response as the fibers were strained and could be sewn into fabrics and used as wearable strain sensors to monitor various human motions. These conductive fibers can be molded into helical by heating, and they have excellent electrical properties at a maximum mechanical strain of 3400% (resistance change <0.27%) with a helical index of 11. Moreover, the conductive fibers can be welded to various two or three-dimensional conductors. In summary, with a scalable manufacturing process, weldability, superelasticity, and high electrical conductivity, EGaIn/TPU composite fibers fabricated by wet spinning have considerable potential for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhou
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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Cho Y, Kim T, Kim G, Do HW, Kim SR, Park JW, Myoung JM, Shim W. Three-Dimensional Touch Device with Two Terminals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305697. [PMID: 37616471 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A crossbar array is an essential element that determines the operating position and simplifies the structure of devices. However, in the crossbar array, wiring numerous electrodes to address many positions poses significant challenges. In this study, a method is proposed that utilizes only two electrodes to determine multiple positions. The method significantly simplifies the wiring and device fabrication process. Instead of defining the node location of the crossbar, it is experimentally demonstrated that the x-y-z coordinates can be determined from i) the resistance change as a function of distance, ii) the resistance variation influenced by the electrode composition, and iii) capacitance fluctuation resulting from changes in the dielectric thickness. By employing two-terminal transparent electrodes, a fully functional 3D touch device is successfully fabricated, introducing a groundbreaking approach to simplify input device architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Yonsei IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwangmook Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyung Wan Do
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung-Rok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Myoung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Wooyoung Shim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Multi-Dimensional Materials, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Yonsei IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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Li S, Li H, Lu Y, Zhou M, Jiang S, Du X, Guo C. Advanced Textile-Based Wearable Biosensors for Healthcare Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:909. [PMID: 37887102 PMCID: PMC10605256 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
With the innovation of wearable technology and the rapid development of biosensors, wearable biosensors based on flexible textile materials have become a hot topic. Such textile-based wearable biosensors promote the development of health monitoring, motion detection and medical management, and they have become an important support tool for human healthcare monitoring. Textile-based wearable biosensors not only non-invasively monitor various physiological indicators of the human body in real time, but they also provide accurate feedback of individual health information. This review examines the recent research progress of fabric-based wearable biosensors. Moreover, materials, detection principles and fabrication methods for textile-based wearable biosensors are introduced. In addition, the applications of biosensors in monitoring vital signs and detecting body fluids are also presented. Finally, we also discuss several challenges faced by textile-based wearable biosensors and the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
- CCZU-ARK Institute of Carbon Materials, Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Yongcai Lu
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Minhao Zhou
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Sai Jiang
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Xiaosong Du
- School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China; (S.L.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (S.J.)
| | - Chang Guo
- CCZU-ARK Institute of Carbon Materials, Nanjing 210012, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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Kim HS, Kang JH, Jang J, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Byun J, Shin US. Dual stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for efficient loading and smart delivery of doxorubicin to cancer with RGD-integrin targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106525. [PMID: 37437854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent progress in nanoparticle applications, such as tumor-targeting, has enabled specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to malignant tissues with enhanced local efficacy while limiting side effects. However, existing delivery systems leave much room for improvement in terms of achieving enhanced colloidal stability in fluid medium, efficient targeting of intended sites, and effective release of therapeutic drugs into diseased cells. Here, an efficient stimuli-responsive nanocarrier for mammalian cells, termed RGD-NAMs, was developed, which enabled temperature- and pH-sensitive release of drug loads. The RGD-NAMs comprise two parts: a stimuli-responsive copolymer shell (NIBIm-AA-RGD) and drug-container core (MSNs). The RGD-NAMs have a stable drug-loading capacity with a marked difference in the release rate depending on the temperature and pH conditions. The RGD-NAMs also exhibit high colloidal stability in SBF (Stimulated body fluid) solutions and minimal toxicity in skeletal myoblasts (C2C12) and bovine arterial endothelial cells (BAEC). The doxorubicin-loaded RGD-NAMs induced a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner, which was furthered by an increase in temperature from 37 to 40 °C. Moreover, significant control of the release rate and the amount were achieved through pH change. This novel, smart drug-delivery system with high responsiveness to temperature and pH changes has wide application prospects in biomedical fields, including the theragnosis of tumors and vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sem Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kang
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - JunHwee Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoe Byun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Nanosensor and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ueon Sang Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Al-Hamry A, Lu T, Chen H, Adiraju A, Nasraoui S, Brahem A, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Weheabby S, Pašti IA, Kanoun O. Ultra-Sensitive and Fast Humidity Sensors Based on Direct Laser-Scribed Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotubes Composites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091473. [PMID: 37177018 PMCID: PMC10180099 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the relative humidity sensor properties of graphene oxide (GO) and graphene oxide/multiwalled nanotubes (GO/MWNTs) composites have been investigated. Composite sensors were fabricated by direct laser scribing and characterized using UV-vis-NIR, Raman, Fourier transform infrared, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopies, electron scanning microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and impedance spectroscopy (IS). These methods confirm the composite homogeneity and laser reduction of GO/MWNT with dominant GO characteristics, while ISresults analysis reveals the circuit model for rGO-GO-rGO structure and the effect of MWNT on the sensor properties. Although direct laser scribing of GO-based humidity sensor shows an outstanding response (|ΔZ|/|Z| up to 638,800%), a lack of stability and repeatability has been observed. GO/MWNT-based humidity sensors are more conductive than GO sensors and relatively less sensitive (|ΔZ|/|Z| = 163,000%). However, they are more stable in harsh humid conditions, repeatable, and reproducible even after several years of shelf-life. In addition, they have fast response/recovery times of 10.7 s and 9.3 s and an ultra-fast response time of 61 ms when abrupt humidification/dehumidification is applied by respiration. All carbon-based sensors' overall properties confirm the advantage of introducing the GO/MWNT hybrid and laser direct writing to produce stable structures and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Hamry
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Haoran Chen
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Anurag Adiraju
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Salem Nasraoui
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Amina Brahem
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saddam Weheabby
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Igor A Pašti
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Measurement and Sensor Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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Imali DY, Perera ECJ, Kaumal MN, Dissanayake DP. Fabrication and characterization of a flexible and disposable impedance-type humidity sensor based on polyaniline (PAni). RSC Adv 2023; 13:6396-6411. [PMID: 36845598 PMCID: PMC9943893 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents a highly sensitive, economical, flexible, and disposable humidity sensor developed with a facile fabrication process. The sensor was fabricated on cellulose paper using polyemaraldine salt, a form of polyaniline (PAni), via the drop coating method. A three-electrode configuration was employed to ensure high accuracy and precision. The PAni film was characterized using various techniques including ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The humidity sensing properties were evaluated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a controlled environment. The sensor exhibits a linear response with R 2 = 0.990 for impedance over a wide range of (0%-97%) relative humidity (RH). Further, it displayed consistent responsiveness, a sensitivity of 1.1701 Ω/%RH, acceptable response (≤220 s)/recovery (≤150 s), excellent repeatability, low hysteresis (≤2.1%) and long-term stability at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the sensing material was also studied. Due to its unique features, cellulose paper was found to be an effective alternative to conventional sensor substrates according to several factors including compatibility with the PAni layer, flexibility and low cost. These unique characteristics make this sensor a promising option for use in specific healthcare monitoring, research activities, and industrial settings as a flexible and disposable humidity measurement tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yureka Imali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
| | | | - M N Kaumal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
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Kim YS, Chung H, Kwon S, Kim J, Jo W. Grain boundary passivation via balancing feedback of hole barrier modulation in HfO 2-x for nanoscale flexible electronics. NANO CONVERGENCE 2022; 9:43. [PMID: 36180643 PMCID: PMC9525481 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics has attracted considerable attention owing to its enormous potential for practical applications in various fields. However, the massive strain produced during bending degrades the device. Especially at grain boundaries, due to the accumulation of defects, this degradation is exacerbated in flexible electronic devices. The importance of electrically inactivated grain boundaries increases as devices scale down to the nanoscale. Here, we propose an HfO2-x thin film that can be used as an excellent material for flexible electronics with versatile functionality, especially for grain boundary passivation. Various electrical phases of HfO2-x thin films with conducting to insulating behavior, which originates from oxygen deficiency, have been fabricated on flexible substrates. Furthermore, owing to the most stable charge state of oxygen vacancies, oxygen-deficient HfO2-x shows p-type conductivity. Current mapping by conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that current flow is hindered at grain boundaries due to the formation of potential barriers. This phenomenon is also observed in bent flexible thin films on convex and concave molds, leading to tensile and compressive strains, respectively. Although the defect concentration increases because of lattice deformation during bending, more holes are trapped at the grain boundaries, resulting in an increased hole barrier height. We believe that grain boundary passivation through hole barrier modulation during bending would pave the way for advances in hafnia-based nanoscale flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Kim
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Harry Chung
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Suhyoun Kwon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - William Jo
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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