1
|
Bandal HA, Kim H. Enhancing electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction efficiency through heat-induced metamorphosis of copper nanowires into copper oxide/copper nanotubes with tunable surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:210-219. [PMID: 38461787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a unique opportunity to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) to value-added products while simultaneously storing renewable energy in the form of chemical energy. However, particle applications of this technology are limited due to the poor efficiency and product selectivity of the existing catalyst. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method for the heat-induced transformation of copper nanowires into CuOx/Cu nanotubes with defect-enriched surfaces. During this transformation, the outward migration of copper results in the formation of tubular structures encased within nanosized oxide grains. Notably, the hydrogen faradaic efficiency (FE) decreases with extended heat treatment, while carbon monoxide (CO) FE increases. As compared to Cu NWs, Cu NTs exhibit lower selectivity towards H2 and single-carbon (C1) products and favor the formation of multi-carbon (C2+) products. Consequently, a 2-fold increase in the single pass CO2 conversion (SPCC) and C2+ half-cell energy efficiency (EEhalf cell) was noted after heat treatment. The Cu NT-4 variant, synthesized under optimized conditions, exhibits the highest FE of 72.1 % for C2+ products at an operating current density (ID) of 500 mA cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad A Bandal
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hern Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Environmental Waste Recycle Institute, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang N, Fan YQ, Wang D, Yu Y, Liu J, Zeng J, Bao D, Zhong H, Zhang XB. Grain boundary defect engineering in rutile iridium oxide boosts efficient and stable acidic water oxidation. Chemistry 2024:e202400651. [PMID: 38705845 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PEMWE is considered a promising technology for coupling with renewable energy sources to achieve clean hydrogen production. However, constrained by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic OER and the acidic abominable environment render the grand challenges in developing the active and stable OER electrocatalyst, leading to low efficiency of PEMWE. Herein, we develop the rutile-type IrO2 nanoparticles with abundant grain boundaries and the continuous nanostructure through the joule heating and sacrificial template method. DFT calculations verified that grain boundaries can modulate the electronic structure of Ir sites and optimize the adsorption of oxygen intermediates, resulting in the accelerated kinetics. The 350-IrO2 affords a rapid OER process with 20 times higher mass activity (0.61 A mgIr-1) than the commercial IrO2 at 1.50 V vs. RHE. Benefiting from the reduced overpotential and the preservation of the stable rutile structure, 350-IrO2 exhibits the stability of 200 h test at 10 mA cm-2 with only trace decay of 11.8 mV. Moreover, the assembled PEMWE with anode 350-IrO2 catalyst outputs the current density up to 2 A cm-2 with only 1.84 V applied voltage, long-term operation for 100 h without obvious performance degradation at 1 A cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Ying-Qi Fan
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Depeng Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Yang Yu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Di Bao
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Renmin street, Changchun, CHINA
| | - Xin-Bo Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences: Chang Chun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022, Changchun, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maneesai K, Thongkam M, Sriwong C, Ruttanapun C. Grain boundary, electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of the ultra-high rGO amount of C12A7-rGO composites. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29619. [PMID: 38644854 PMCID: PMC11031836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca12Al14O33 ceramic (C12A7) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite which an ultra-high amount (i.e., 40, 50, 60, and 70 wt%) of rGO (ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composite) were synthesized by a solid-state reaction process. After the hydraulic press, the heat treatment in the temperature range of 773 K under the argon environment had been performed with the composite pellets for 30 min. XRD results of the C12A7 and all the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites indicated a pure phase of C12A7 ceramic. Raman spectra confirmed the existence of rGO content in all the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. Raman peaks also suggested reduction of the free O 2 2 - and O 2 - ions from the framework of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. SEM image presented the homogeneous grain boundary interface after the heat treatment at 773 K of the C12A7 wrapped by the rGO sheet, the agglomerated rGO sheet, and the rough interface stack of rGO sheets. UV-VIS spectroscopy presented the absorption behavior, direct energy gap, and indirect energy gap modifications of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites. Electrical conductivity of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites illustrated larger than 108 times improvement with temperature independence. Range of -5 to -17 μ V / K , temperature dependence, and increased with rGO content increasing Seebeck coefficient were reported. Thermal conductivity of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites was increased with the rGO content increasing. Both the Power factor (PF) and the figure of merit (ZT) of the ultra-high amount C12A7/rGO composites were temperature dependent and were increased with the rGO content increasing, within the range of 0.4 μ W / m . K 2 of PF and the range of 3 x 10 - 4 of ZT, respectively. These experimental results verified grain boundary, modified energy band, electrical transport properties and thermoelectric properties of C12A7/rGO composites loading with ultra-high content rGO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Maneesai
- Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Montree Thongkam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Chaval Sriwong
- Smart Materials Research and Innovation Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chesta Ruttanapun
- Smart Materials Research and Innovation Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
- Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He R, Luo X, Li L, Zhang Y, Peng L, Xu N, Qiao J. Grain boundary and interface interaction of metal (copper/indium) oxides to boost efficient electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction into syngas. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:1016-1024. [PMID: 38160124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into syngas is considered a promising approach to mitigate global warming and achieve the recycling of carbon resources. In this work, a series of core-shell metal (copper/indium) oxides with abundant grain boundaries (GBs) between the amorphous In2O3 and cubic Cu2O have been prepared by template-assisted co-precipitation method and tested for the synthesis of syngas by electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). The phases of Cu2O and In2O3 are independent in bimetallic oxides and do not form any alloy oxidation phase, thus Cu2O and In2O3 can maintain their crystal structure and chemical properties in bimetallic oxides. The Cu2O and In2O3 would been completely reduced to metallic Cu and In during CO2RR. The derived copper/indium possesses the maximum FE of CO (80 %) at -0.77 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a good stability of 10 h in an H-type cell. Further applied the copper/indium oxide in the MEA reactor, the FE of CO is more than 80 % at 2.6 V and the total FE of syngas is near 100 % at all applied potentials. More importantly, the H2/CO ratios can be tuned from 1/1 to 1/4 by changing the applied voltages in MEA. Therefore, this study provides a promising strategy to promote the electrocatalytic CO2RR conversion by creating abundant grain boundaries in bimetallic oxides to regulate the ratio of H2/CO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruinan He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Luwei Peng
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nengneng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Theska F, Primig S. Interfacial excess of solutes across phase boundaries using atom probe microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 256:113885. [PMID: 38006714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional elemental mapping in atom probe microscopy provides invaluable insights into the structure and composition of interfaces in materials. Quasi-atomic resolution facilitates access to the solute decoration of grain boundaries, advancing the knowledge on local segregation and depletion phenomena. More recent developments unlocked three-dimensional mapping of the interfacial excess across grain boundaries. Such detailed understanding of the local structure and composition of these interfaces enabled advancements in processing methods and material development. However, many engineering alloys, such as Ni-based superalloys, have much more complex microstructures with various solutes and precipitates in close proximity to grain boundaries. The complex interaction of grain boundary segregation and grain boundary precipitates requires precise compositional control. However, abrupt changes in solute solubility across phase boundaries obscure the interfacial excess in proximity to grain boundaries. Therefore, this study provides a methodological framework of the quantitative characterization of phase boundaries in proximity to grain boundaries using atom probe microscopy. The detailed mass spectrum ranging of MC, M23C6, and M6C carbides is explored in order to achieve satisfactory compositional information. Proximity histograms and correlating concentration difference profiles determine the interface location, where a Gibbs dividing surface is not accessible. This enables reliable direct calculation of the interfacial excess across phase boundaries. Intuitively interpretable and quantitative 'interface plots' are introduced, and showcased for phase boundaries between γ-matrix, γ' precipitates, GB-γ', MC, M23C6, and M6C carbides. The presented framework advances access to the local composition in proximity to grain boundaries and may be applicable to other engineering alloys or materials with functional properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Theska
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - S Primig
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim HW. Recent progress in the role of grain boundaries in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides studied using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Appl Microsc 2023; 53:5. [PMID: 37458942 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-023-00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are one- or two-dimensional (2D) defects, which are universal in crystals and play a crucial role in determining their mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermoelectric properties. In general, GBs tend to decrease electrical or thermal conductivity, and consequently degrade the performance of devices. However, the unusual characteristics of GBs have led to the production of a new class of memristors with 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and the creation of conducting channels in 2D topological insulators. Therefore, understanding the nature of GBs and their influence on device applications emphasizes the importance of GB engineering for future 2D TMD-based devices. This review discusses recent progress made in the investigation of various roles of GBs in 2D TMDs characterized via scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon, 13595, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang S, Zhang C, Shaohua C, Peng Z. Fracture strength and failure mechanism of graphene-containing grain boundaries and pores. Nanotechnology 2023. [PMID: 37257446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acda3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries and pores commonly manifest in graphene sheets during experimental preparation. Additionally, pores have been intentionally incorporated into graphene to fulfill specific functions for various applications. However, how does the simultaneous presence of pores and grain boundaries impact the mechanical properties of graphene? This paper establishes uniaxial tension models of single-layer graphene-containing pores and three types of experimentally observed. The effect of interaction between pores and grain boundaries on the fracture strength of graphene was studied respectively for three types of grain boundaries by employing molecular dynamics simulations and considering factors such as pore size, the distance between pores and grain boundaries, and loading angle. A competitive mechanism between the intrinsic strength of pristine graphene with grain boundaries (referred to as pristine GGBs), which varies with the loading angle and the fracture strength of graphene sheets with pores that changes with the size of the pores, governs the fracture strength and failure modes of GGBs with pores. When the former exceeds the latter, the fracture strength of GGBs with pores primarily depends on the size of the pores, and fractures occur at the edges of the pores. Conversely, when the former is lower, the fracture strength of GGBs with pores relies on the loading angle and the distance between pores and grain boundaries, leading to grain boundary rupture. If the two strengths are comparable, the failure modes are influenced by the distance between pores and grain boundaries as well as the loading angle. The findings further elucidate the impact of coexisting grain boundaries and pores on the fracture behavior of graphene, providing valuable guidance for the precise design of graphene-based devices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Wang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, 17 Northeast Second Inner Ring, Shijiazhuang, 050043, CHINA
| | - Chen Shaohua
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| | - Zhilong Peng
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Street Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, Beijing, 100081, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Q, Zhao P, Zhao F, Zhu J, Yang S, Chen L, Zhang Q. Bulk CrCoNiFe alloy with high conductivity and density of grain boundaries for oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:1-9. [PMID: 37088012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) with maximized configurational entropy show high catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR). However, the accurate relationship between their complex components (i.e., elements, phase structure, grain boundary density) and intrinsic catalytic activity is still unclear. Herein, a series of bulk MPEAs with face-centered cubic (FCC) phase structures were fabricated by the arc-melting method under an argon atmosphere. Compared to the CrCoNi and CrCoNiFeMn, the CrCoNiFe affords a higher UOR performance with the lowest overpotential of 331 mV at 10 mA·cm-2 in 1 M KOH with 0.33 M urea, due to excellent conductivity and high density of grain boundaries. The urea electrolyzer using CrCoNiFe as anode and Pt as cathode shows a low voltage of 1.622 V at 10 mA cm-2 and long-term stability of 60 h at 20 mA cm-2 (4.08% decrease). These findings offer a facile strategy for designing bulk MPEAs electrodes for energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Sudong Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, No.2025, Chengluo 12 Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu L, Liu K, Lyu Z, Sun Y, Cai J, Wang S, Wang Q, Xie S. Two-dimensional template-directed synthesis of one-dimensional kink-rich Pd 3Pb nanowires for efficient oxygen reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:827-835. [PMID: 36565624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developing facile synthetic strategies toward ultrafine one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) with rich catalytic hot spots is pivotal for exploring effective heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) template-directed strategy for synthesizing 1D kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs with abundant grain boundaries to serve as high-efficiency electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this one-pot synthesis, ultrathin Pd nanosheets were initially generated, which then served as self-sacrificial 2D nano-templates. A dynamic equilibrium growth was subsequently established on the 2D Pd nanosheets through the center-selected etching of Pd atoms and edge-preferred co-deposition of Pd/Pb atoms. This was followed by the oriented attachment of the generated Pd/Pb alloy nanograins and fragments. Thus, kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs with rich grain boundary defects were obtained in high yield, and these NWs were used as electrocatalytic active catalysts. The surface electronic interaction between Pd and Pb atoms effectively decreased the surface d-band center to weaken the binding of oxygen-containing intermediates toward improved ORR kinetics. Specifically, the kink-rich Pd3Pb NWs/C catalyst delivered outstanding ORR mass activity and specific activity (2.26 A⋅mgPd-1 and 2.59 mA⋅cm-2, respectively) in an alkaline solution. These values were respectively 13.3 and 10.8 times those of state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This study provides an innovative strategy for fabricating defect-rich low-dimensional nanocatalysts for efficient energy conversion catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhong Fu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, Henan, China
| | - Zixi Lyu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Junlin Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shupeng Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiuxiang Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuifen Xie
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Instrumental Analysis Center, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YS, Chung H, Kwon S, Kim J, Jo W. Grain boundary passivation via balancing feedback of hole barrier modulation in HfO 2-x for nanoscale flexible electronics. Nano Converg 2022; 9:43. [PMID: 36180643 PMCID: PMC9525481 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics has attracted considerable attention owing to its enormous potential for practical applications in various fields. However, the massive strain produced during bending degrades the device. Especially at grain boundaries, due to the accumulation of defects, this degradation is exacerbated in flexible electronic devices. The importance of electrically inactivated grain boundaries increases as devices scale down to the nanoscale. Here, we propose an HfO2-x thin film that can be used as an excellent material for flexible electronics with versatile functionality, especially for grain boundary passivation. Various electrical phases of HfO2-x thin films with conducting to insulating behavior, which originates from oxygen deficiency, have been fabricated on flexible substrates. Furthermore, owing to the most stable charge state of oxygen vacancies, oxygen-deficient HfO2-x shows p-type conductivity. Current mapping by conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that current flow is hindered at grain boundaries due to the formation of potential barriers. This phenomenon is also observed in bent flexible thin films on convex and concave molds, leading to tensile and compressive strains, respectively. Although the defect concentration increases because of lattice deformation during bending, more holes are trapped at the grain boundaries, resulting in an increased hole barrier height. We believe that grain boundary passivation through hole barrier modulation during bending would pave the way for advances in hafnia-based nanoscale flexible electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Kim
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Harry Chung
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Suhyoun Kwon
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - William Jo
- New and Renewable Energy Research Center (NREC), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Majee R, Parvin S, Arif Islam Q, Kumar A, Debnath B, Mondal S, Bhattacharjee S, Das S, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S. The Perfect Imperfections in Electrocatalysts. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200070. [PMID: 35675947 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modern day electrochemical devices find applications in a wide range of industrial sectors, from consumer electronics, renewable energy management to pollution control by electric vehicles and reduction of greenhouse gas. There has been a surge of diverse electrochemical systems which are to be scaled up from the lab-scale to industry sectors. To achieve the targets, the electrocatalysts are continuously upgraded to meet the required device efficiency at a low cost, increased lifetime and performance. An atomic scale understanding is however important for meeting the objectives. Transitioning from the bulk to the nanoscale regime of the electrocatalysts, the existence of defects and interfaces is almost inevitable, significantly impacting (augmenting) the material properties and the catalytic performance. The intrinsic defects alter the electronic structure of the nanostructured catalysts, thereby boosting the performance of metal-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, water electrolyzers etc. This account presents our findings on the methods to introduce measured imperfections in the nanomaterials and the impact of these atomic-scale irregularities on the activity for three major reactions, oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Grain boundary (GB) modulation of the (ABO3 )n type perovskite oxide by noble metal doping is a propitious route to enhance the OER/ORR bifunctionality for zinc-air battery (ZAB). The perovskite oxides can be tuned by calcination at different temperatures to alter the oxygen vacancy, GB fraction and overall reactivity. The oxygen defects, unsaturated coordination environment and GBs can turn a relatively less active nanostructure into an efficient redox active catalyst by imbibing plenty of electrochemically active sites. Obviously, the crystalline GB interface is a prerequisite for effective electron flow, which is also applicable for the crystalline surface oxide shell on metal alloy core of the nanoparticles (NPs). The oxygen vacancy of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite oxide can be made reversible by the A-site termination of the nanosheets, facilitating the reversible entry and exit of a secondary phase during the redox processes. In several instances, the secondary phases have been observed to introduce the right proportion of structural defects and orbital occupancies for adsorption and desorption of reaction intermediates. Also, heterogeneous interfaces can be created by wrapping the perovskite oxide with negatively charged surface by layered double hydroxide (LDH) can promote the OER process. In another approach, ion intercalation at the 2D heterointerfaces steers the interlayer spacing that can influence the mass diffusion. Similar to anion vacancy, controlled formation of the cation vacancies can be achieved by exsolving the B-site cations of perovskite oxides to surface anchored catalytically active metal/alloy NPs. In case of the alloy electrocatalysts, incomplete solid solution by two or more mutually immiscible metals results in heterogeneous alloys having differently exposed facets with complementary functionalities. From the future perspective, new categories of defect structures including the 2D empty spaces or voids leading to undercoordinated sites, the multiple interfaces in heterogeneous alloys, antisite defects between anions and cations, and the defect induced inverse charge transfer should bring new dimensionalities to this riveting area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Majee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sahanaz Parvin
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Quazi Arif Islam
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Bharati Debnath
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Surajit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Subhajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Satarupa Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou YN, Ma Y, Shi ZN, Zhou JC, Dong B, Li MX, Wang FG, Liu B, Yu JF, Chai YM. Boosting oxygen evolution by nickel nitrate hydroxide with abundant grain boundaries via segregated high-valence molybdenum. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:224-233. [PMID: 35033768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-valence metal doping and abundant grain boundaries (GBs) have been proved to be effective strategies to promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the reasonable design of the two to facilitate OER collaboratively is challenging. Herein, a convenient and novel one-step molten salt decomposition strategy is proposed to fabricate segregated-Mo doped nickle nitrate hydroxide with substantial GBs on MoNi foam (Mo-NNOH@MNF). When processed in molten salt, the Mo species on the conductive substrate migrates unevenly to the surface of Mo-NNOH@MNF, which not only induces the formation of abundant GBs to modulate electronic structure, but also improves the intrinsic activity as high-valence dopants, synergistically elevating OER activity. As verification, the optimized Mo-NNOH@MNF-10h exhibits low overpotential of 150 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which can be attributed to the reduced valence charge transition energy of Ni by high-valence Mo dopant, coupled with the fine-tuning of d-band center bond and corresponding local electron density by induced GBs and Mo doping, as DFT calculations revealed. Moreover, the intrinsic robustness and strong adhesion ensure the long-term stability of 6 h at 500 mA cm-2. This work provides a promising molten salt decomposition approach to synthesize advanced materials with unique structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jian-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| | - Meng-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Feng-Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Yong-Ming Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang H, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang P, Yan C, Luo Y, Chen L, Li M, Fan F, Zhou Z, Li X. Grain boundary enriched CuO nanobundle for efficient non-invasive glucose sensors/fuel cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:139-148. [PMID: 34894548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) plays a significant role in glucose fuel cells anode and glucose sensors. Therefore, optimizing the GOR catalyst nanostructure is auxiliary to their efficient operation. In this study, we present a cascade-assembled strategy to prepare CuO nanobundles (CuO-NB) with high-density and homogenous grainboundaries (GBs). The essence of activity in GOR that depended on GBs are thoroughly investigated. The increased glucose diffusion coefficient of CuO-NB means that GBs has a faster glucose mass transfer, which is attributed to the terraces in GBs dislocation surface. Furthermore, the accumulation of electrons on GBs makes the glucose adsorption increased and the free energy of dehydrogenation step decreased, leading to a lower glucose oxidation barrier. Therefore, CuO-NB is appropriate for non-invasive glucose detection and glucose fuel cells. This study sheds new light on the GBs effect in GOR and paves the way for developing high-efficiency electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yang
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - ShengBao Wang
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xingpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Pengyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Lina Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Zhiyou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xifei Li
- Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, Shaanxi International Joint Research Centre of Surface Technology for Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hsu CY, Stodolna J, Todeschini P, Delabrouille F, Radiguet B, Christien F. Accurate quantification of phosphorus intergranular segregation in iron by STEM-EDX. Micron 2021; 153:103175. [PMID: 34826758 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a method to quantify phosphorus grain boundary segregation by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM-EDX). A "box-type method" is employed, removing the long-discussed problems of interaction volume and the beam broadening effect. The proposed methodology also introduces a novel way of subtracting the spectrum background to remove the influence of coherent Bremsstrahlung and spurious peaks. A Fe-P model alloy was used to compare the box method to the quantification results previously obtained by atom probe tomography on two high angle grain boundaries. The results are specifically reported in surface concentration (atom/nm2) to avoid additional hypotheses and allow the results between the two techniques to be directly compared. The measurements show that the box-type method can accurately measure phosphorus intergranular segregation in iron.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C-Y Hsu
- EDF R&D, MMC Department, F-77250 Ecuelles, France; Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SMS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J Stodolna
- EDF R&D, MMC Department, F-77250 Ecuelles, France
| | - P Todeschini
- EDF R&D, MMC Department, F-77250 Ecuelles, France
| | | | - B Radiguet
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Groupe de Physique des Matériaux, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - F Christien
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5307 LGF, Centre SMS, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fooladpanjeh S, Yousefi F, Molaei F, Zarghami Dehaghani M, Sajadi SM, Abida O, Habibzadeh S, Hamed Mashhadzadeh A, Saeb MR. Thermal conductivity of random polycrystalline BC 3 nanosheets: A step towards realistic simulation of 2D structures. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107977. [PMID: 34237665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Boron carbide nanosheets (BC3NSs) are semiconductors possessing non-zero bandgap. Nevertheless, there is no estimation of their thermal conductivity for practical circumstances, mainly because of difficulties in simulation of random polycrystalline structures. In the real physics world, BC3NS with perfect monocrystalline is rare, for the nature produces structures with disordered grain regions. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to capture a more realistic picture of thermal conductivity of these nanosheets. Polycrystalline BC3NS (PCBC3NSs are herein simulated by Molecular Dynamics simulation to take their thermal conductivity fingerprint applying ΔT of 40 K. A series of PCBC3NSs were evaluated for thermal conductivity varying the number of grains (3, 5, and 10). The effect of grain rotation was also modeled in terms of Kapitza thermal resistance per grain, varying the rotation angle (θ/2 = 14.5, 16, 19, and 25°). Overall, a non-linear temperature variation was observed for PCBC3NS, particularly by increasing grain number, possibly because of more phonon scattering (shorter phonon relaxation time) arising from more structural defects. By contrast, the heat current passing across the slab decreased. The thermal conductivity of nanosheet dwindled from 149 W m-1 K-1 for monocrystalline BC3NS to the values of 129.67, 121.32, 115.04, and 102.78 W m-1 K-1 for PCBC3NSs having 2, 3, 5, and 10 grains, respectively. The increase of the grain̛s rotation angle (randomness) from 14.5° to 16°, 19° and 25° led to a rise in Kapitza thermal resistance from 2⨯10-10 m2 K·W-1 to the values of 2.3⨯ 10-10, 2.9⨯10-10, and 4.7⨯ 10-10 m2 K·W-1, respectively. Thus, natural 2D structure would facilitate phonon scattering rate at the grain boundaries, which limits heat transfer across polycrystalline nanosheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Fooladpanjeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Farrokh Yousefi
- Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, 45195-313, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaei
- Mining and Geological Engineering Department, The University of Arizona, Arizona, USA
| | - Maryam Zarghami Dehaghani
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of Nutrition, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Phytochemistry, SRC, Soran University, KRG, Iraq
| | - Otman Abida
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu CY, Wan XL, Zhang YJ, Deng XT, Wang ZD, Misra RDK. The synergistic effect of grain boundary and grain orientation on micro-mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104473. [PMID: 33773237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nano-scale deformation behavior including hardness, elastic modulus, and pop-ins, was studied in a medical austenitic stainless steel followed by post-mortem EBSD characterization. Relatively higher hardness and modulus was observed near {101} and more pop-ins occurred in this orientation at high loading rate. The activation volume (v) obtained from nanoindentation had weak dependence on grain orientation and was ~10-20 b3, indicating that neither diffusional creep processes nor conventional dislocation segments passing through dislocation forests controls plastic deformation in our study. The plastic zone radius (c) and the distance of the indent from the grain boundary (d) were used to describe the effect of grain boundary on the pop-in effect. The ratio of c/d meets amplitude version of Gaussian peak function distribution for a given orientation, whose peak value remains nearly constant for all the orientations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China; Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - X L Wan
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
| | - Y J Zhang
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - X T Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Z D Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - R D K Misra
- Laboratory for Excellence in Advanced Steel Research, Department of Metallurgical, Materials, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Suh Y, Gowda H, Won Y. In situ investigation of particle clustering dynamics in colloidal assemblies using fluorescence microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:195-202. [PMID: 32422448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal self-assembly is a process in which dispersed matter spontaneously form higher-order structures without external intervention. During self-assembly, packed particles are subject to solvent-evaporation induced dynamic structuring phases, which leads to microscale defects called the grain boundaries. While it is imperative to precisely control detailed grain boundaries to fabricate well-defined self-assembled crystals, the understanding of the colloidal physics that govern grain boundaries remains a challenge due to limited resolutions of current visualization approaches. In this work, we experimentally report in situ particle clustering dynamics during evaporative colloidal assembly by studying a novel microscale laser induced fluorescence technique. The fluorescence microscopy measures the saturation levels with high fidelity to identify distinct colloidal structuring regimes during self-assembly as well as cracking mechanics. The techniques discussed in this work not only enables unprecedented levels of colloidal self-assembly analysis but also have potential to be used for various sensing applications with microscopic resolutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjoon Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall, CA 92617-2700, USA
| | - Hamsa Gowda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine 3120 Natural Sciences II, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Yoonjin Won
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine 5200 Engineering Hall, CA 92617-2700, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sato K, Kaneko K, Hara T, Kawahara Y, Hamada JI, Takushima C, Teranishi R. Plan-view characterization of intergranular precipitates on grain boundaries by combination of FIB lift out method and TEM analyses: A case study in austenitic stainless steel. Micron 2020; 138:102927. [PMID: 32905976 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new characterization method is proposed to study intergranular precipitates of polycrystalline material in the planar manner. A dual beam focused ion beam (FIB) - scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to fabricate thin FIB lamella with a grain boundary parallel to the lamella to investigate for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Distributions, microstructures and compositions of intergranular precipitates of austenitic stainless steel were then examined by TEM, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). This plan-view microstructural characterization methods would play important roles in the case of materials where the intergranular precipitates play key roles for their physical and chemical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenji Kaneko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toru Hara
- Research Center for Structural Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Kawahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Hamada
- Research & Development Center, Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation, 3434 Shimata, Hikari, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Chikako Takushima
- Research & Development Center, Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corporation, 3434 Shimata, Hikari, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Ryo Teranishi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim HW, Kang SH, Kim HJ, Chae K, Cho S, Ko W, Jeon S, Kang SH, Yang H, Kim SW, Park S, Hwang S, Kwon YK, Son YW. Symmetry Dictated Grain Boundary State in a Two-Dimensional Topological Insulator. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5837-5843. [PMID: 32628851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous in solids and have been of central importance in understanding the nature of polycrystals. In addition to their classical roles, topological insulators (TIs) offer a chance to realize GBs hosting distinct topological states that can be controlled by their crystal symmetries. However, such roles of crystalline symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) TIs have not been definitively measured yet. Here, we present the first direct evidence of a symmetry-enforced metallic state along a GB in 1T'-MoTe2, a prototypical 2D TI. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we show a metallic state along a GB with nonsymmorphic lattice symmetry and its absence along another boundary with symmorphic symmetry. Our atomistic simulations demonstrate in-gap Weyl semimetallic states for the former, whereas they demonstrate gapped states for the latter, explaining our observation well. The observed metallic state, tightly linked to its crystal symmetry, can be used to create a stable conducting nanowire inside TIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 13595, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Kisung Chae
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Suyeon Cho
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonhee Ko
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 13595, Korea
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sangjun Jeon
- Department of Physics, Chung-ang University, Seoul 06987, Korea
| | - Se Hwang Kang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Sung Wng Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 13595, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hwang
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 13595, Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Kwon
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
- Department of Physics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Son
- Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wei Z, Ren Y, Wang M, He J, Huo W, Tang H. Improving the Conductivity of Solid Polymer Electrolyte by Grain Reforming. Nanoscale Res Lett 2020; 15:122. [PMID: 32458218 PMCID: PMC7251041 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is considered to have great application prospects in all-solid-state li-ion batteries. However, the application of PEO-based SPEs is hindered by the relatively low ionic conductivity, which strongly depends on its crystallinity and density of grain boundaries. In this work, a simple and effective press-rolling method is applied to reduce the crystallinity of PEO-based SPEs for the first time. With the rolled PEO-based SPE, the LiFePO4/SPE/Li all-solid li-ion battery delivers a superior rechargeable specific capacity of 162.6 mAh g-1 with a discharge-charge voltage gap of 60 mV at a current density of 0.2 C with a much lower capacity decay rate. The improvement of electrochemical properties can be attributed to the press-rolling method, leading to a doubling conductivity and reduced activation energy compared with that of electrolyte prepared by traditional cast method. The present work provides an effective and easy-to-use grain reforming method for SPE, worthy of future application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohuan Wei
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yaqi Ren
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Minkang Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jijun He
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Weirong Huo
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang W, Wu H, Zan R, Sun Y, Blawert C, Zhang S, Ni J, Zheludkevich ML, Zhang X. Microstructure controls the corrosion behavior of a lean biodegradable Mg-2Zn alloy. Acta Biomater 2020; 107:349-361. [PMID: 32126309 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural design was a long-term sustainable development method to improve the biodegradability and mechanical properties of low alloyed biomedical Mg alloys. In this study, the microstructural features (including grain size, deformation twin, deformed grains, sub-grains, and recrystallized grains) of the MZ2 ((Mg-2Zn (wt%)) alloy were controlled by different single-passed rolling reductions at high temperature. Besides the effect of grain size, we found that deformation twins and deformed grains influenced corrosion performance. Grain refinement with uniform distribution, meanwhile reducing the content of deformation twins, deformed grains, and sub-grains, was a practical method to improve both corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of MZ2 alloy. This finding proposed a better understanding of the development of lean biomedical Mg alloys with superior mechanical properties and favorable corrosion resistance. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Current research and development of biomedical Mg focused on alloying methods. The lean biodegradable Mg, which reduced the materials' compositional complexity, was the benefit of development for long-term sustainability. Here, our work revealed the relationship between microstructural features and corrosion resistance of a lean Mg-2Zn alloy during the different single-passed rolling processes. We found that recrystallized fine grains with partially ultra-fine grains could improve both strength and corrosion resistance. This study could give a new understanding of the development of lean biodegradable Mg alloys by using microstructural design to improve the overall performance of biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
22
|
Grosso RL, Muccillo ENS, Muche DNF, Jawaharram GS, Barr CM, Monterrosa AM, Castro RHR, Hattar K, Dillon SJ. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy for Ultrahigh Temperature Mechanical Testing of ZrO 2. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1041-1046. [PMID: 31928016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a novel approach to ultrahigh-temperature mechanical testing using a combination of in situ nanomechanical testing and localized laser heating. The methodology is applied to characterizing and testing initially nanograined 10 mol % Sc2O3-stabilized ZrO2 up to its melting temperature. The results suggest that the low-temperature strength of nanograined, d < 50 nm, oxides is not influenced by creep. Tensile fracture of ZrO2 bicrystals produce a weak-temperature dependence suggesting that grain boundary energy dominates brittle fracture of grain boundaries even at high homologous temperatures; for example, T = 2050 °C or T ≈ 77% Tmelt. The maximum temperature for mechanical testing in this work is primarily limited by the instability of the sample, due to evaporation or melting, enabling a host of new opportunities for testing materials in the ultrahigh-temperature regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robson L Grosso
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Energy and Nuclear Research Institute - IPEN , P.O. Box, São Paulo 11049, Brazil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California - Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Eliana N S Muccillo
- Energy and Nuclear Research Institute - IPEN , P.O. Box, São Paulo 11049, Brazil
| | - Dereck N F Muche
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California - Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Gowtham S Jawaharram
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Christopher M Barr
- Materials, Physical, and Chemical Sciences , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Anthony M Monterrosa
- Materials, Physical, and Chemical Sciences , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Ricardo H R Castro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California - Davis , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Khalid Hattar
- Materials, Physical, and Chemical Sciences , Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87185 , United States
| | - Shen J Dillon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McFadden G, Boettinger W, Mishin Y. Effect of vacancy creation and annihilation on grain boundary motion. Acta Mater 2020; 185:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.11.044. [PMID: 33281492 PMCID: PMC7712558 DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of vacancies with grain boundaries (GBs) is involved in many processes occurring in materials, including radiation damage healing, diffusional creep, and solid-state sintering. We analyze a model describing a set of processes occurring at a GB in the presence of a non-equilibrium, non-homogeneous vacancy concentration. Such processes include vacancy diffusion toward, away from, and across the GB, vacancy generation and absorption at the GB, and GB migration. Numerical calculations within this model reveal that the coupling among the different processes gives rise to interesting phenomena, such as vacancy-driven GB motion and accelerated vacancy generation/absorption due to GB motion. The key combinations of the model parameters that control the kinetic regimes of the vacancy-GB interactions are identified via a linear stability analysis. Possible applications and extensions of the model are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G.B. McFadden
- Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - W.J. Boettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Y. Mishin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MSN 3F3, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bobrowski P. Estimation of systematic errors committed when approximating length of grain boundaries using edges of rectangular or hexagonal grids of EBSD maps. Micron 2019; 130:102812. [PMID: 31874373 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method for calculating the overestimation error of grain boundary (GB) length committed when approximating a straight segment of a GB using edges of rectangular or hexagonal grid was given. The relative errors range from 0 % to 41.42 % and from 15.47 % to 33.33 %, for the square and hex grids, respectively. The average error values for both kinds of meshes are the same, namely, 27.32 %. Comparison of the mathematical calculations with experimental results obtained from Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) data, indicated that the values of the average overestimation errors may be utilized as correction coefficients to adjust experimental data towards more accurate numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bobrowski
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Str., PL-30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shan D, Tong G, Cao Y, Tang M, Xu J, Yu L, Chen K. The Effect of Decomposed PbI 2 on Microscopic Mechanisms of Scattering in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Films. Nanoscale Res Lett 2019; 14:208. [PMID: 31214812 PMCID: PMC6582041 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) exhibit long electronic carrier diffusion length, high optical absorption coefficient, and impressive photovoltaic device performance. At the core of any optoelectronic device lie the charge transport properties, especially the microscopic mechanism of scattering, which must efficiently affect the device function. In this work, CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) films were fabricated by a vapor solution reaction method. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements were introduced to investigate the scattering mechanism in MAPbI3 films. Two kinds of temperature-mobility behaviors were identified in different thermal treatment MAPbI3 films, indicating different scattering mechanisms during the charge transport process in films. We found that the scattering mechanisms in MAPbI3 films were mainly influenced by the decomposed PbI2 components, which could be easily generated at the perovskite grain boundaries (GBs) by releasing the organic species after annealing at a proper temperature. The passivation effects of PbI2 in MAPbI3 films were investigated and further discussed with emphasis on the scattering mechanism in the charge transport process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Jiangsu, 225127 China
- Huafu Energy Storage New Technique Co., Ltd., Jiangsu, 225600 China
| | - Guoqing Tong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yunqing Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009 China
| | - Mingjun Tang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Jiangsu, 225127 China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Linwei Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| | - Kunji Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sood A, Cheaito R, Bai T, Kwon H, Wang Y, Li C, Yates L, Bougher T, Graham S, Asheghi M, Goorsky M, Goodson KE. Direct Visualization of Thermal Conductivity Suppression Due to Enhanced Phonon Scattering Near Individual Grain Boundaries. Nano Lett 2018; 18:3466-3472. [PMID: 29631399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of lattice imperfections on nanoscale thermal transport is crucial for diverse applications ranging from thermal management to energy conversion. Grain boundaries (GBs) are ubiquitous defects in polycrystalline materials, which scatter phonons and reduce thermal conductivity (κ). Historically, their impact on heat conduction has been studied indirectly through spatially averaged measurements, that provide little information about phonon transport near a single GB. Here, using spatially resolved time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurements in combination with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), we make localized measurements of κ within few μm of individual GBs in boron-doped polycrystalline diamond. We observe strongly suppressed thermal transport near GBs, a reduction in κ from ∼1000 W m-1 K-1 at the center of large grains to ∼400 W m-1 K-1 in the immediate vicinity of GBs. Furthermore, we show that this reduction in κ is measured up to ∼10 μm away from a GB. A theoretical model is proposed that captures the local reduction in phonon mean-free-paths due to strongly diffuse phonon scattering at the disordered grain boundaries. Our results provide a new framework for understanding phonon-defect interactions in nanomaterials, with implications for the use of high-κ polycrystalline materials as heat sinks in electronics thermal management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Ramez Cheaito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Tingyu Bai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 91355 , United States
| | - Heungdong Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yekan Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 91355 , United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 91355 , United States
| | - Luke Yates
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Thomas Bougher
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Samuel Graham
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Mehdi Asheghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Mark Goorsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Los Angeles , California 91355 , United States
| | - Kenneth E Goodson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu T, Xia S, Zhou B, Bai Q, Rohrer GS. Three-dimensional geometrical and topological characteristics of grains in conventional and grain boundary engineered 316L stainless steel. Micron 2018; 109:58-70. [PMID: 29665457 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional microstructures of a conventional 316L stainless steel and the same material after grain boundary (GB) engineering have been measured by serial sectioning coupled with electron backscatter diffraction mapping. While it is well known that GB engineered materials are differentiated from conventional materials because of the proportion of coincidence site lattice boundaries, the size of their twin-related domains, and their reduced random boundary connectivity, this work provides a quantitative comparison of the geometrical and topological characteristics of grains in 316L stainless steel before and after GB engineering. Specifically, the numbers of grain faces, triple lines, and quadruple unions per grain have been measured and compared. In addition, the distributions of grain sizes, surface areas, and grain boundary areas have been measured and compared. The results show that, in many ways, the three-dimensional geometrical and topological characteristics of the grains in the GB engineered and conventional materials are similar. In both materials, the distributions of the geometrical parameters are well represented by a log-normal distribution. Comparatively, the GB engineered microstructure has grains that, on average, have both fewer faces and higher (specific) surface areas that deviate more from an ideal equiaxed shape, but there are several eccentric or non-compact shaped grains that have a huge number of faces and extremely large surface area in the GB engineered material. All of these characteristics are likely to be a result of the increased number of twins in the GB engineered microstructure. These eccentric grains would have a positive influence on increasing the resistance to intergranular degradation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zgalat-Lozynskyy O, Ragulya A. Densification Kinetics and Structural Evolution During Microwave and Pressureless Sintering of 15 nm Titanium Nitride Powder. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:99. [PMID: 26909779 PMCID: PMC4766167 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microwave sintering (MWS) of commercially available 15-nm-size nanocrystalline TiN powder was studied. Densification kinetics and grain growth mechanisms of nano-TiN were evaluated using non-isothermal heating up to 1500 °C with variable heating rates. A true nanocrystalline ceramic with ~80-nm-size grains and 94.5 % theoretical density was obtained via MWS consolidation at 1400 °C. At higher temperatures, however, an uncontrolled grain growth and a formation of bimodal microstructure were noticed. A temperature dependence of grain growth suggested grain boundary sliding as a primary mechanism of densification below 1100-1200 °C. An activation energy of nano-TiN densification under MWS varied from 26 ± 3 kJ/mol at the initial stage of sintering (900-1200 °C) to 162 ± 22 kJ/mol at higher temperatures. In addition, a relationship coupling microstructural characteristics (grain size, grain boundary) with mechanical properties of titanium nitride ceramics obtained via both microwave and pressureless sintering techniques was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ostap Zgalat-Lozynskyy
- Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, 3, Krzhizhanovsky str., 03680, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Andrey Ragulya
- Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science, 3, Krzhizhanovsky str., 03680, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li H, Song H, Liu W, Xia S, Zhou B, Su C, Ding W. Interface segregation behavior in thermal aged austenitic precipitation strengthened stainless steel. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 159 Pt 2:255-64. [PMID: 26142697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The segregation of various elements at grain boundaries, precipitate/matrix interfaces were analyzed using atom probe tomography in an austenitic precipitation strengthened stainless steel aged at 750 °C for different time. Segregation of P, B and C at all types of interfaces in all the specimens were observed. However, Si segregated at all types of interfaces only in the specimen aged for 16 h. Enrichment of Ti at grain boundaries was evident in the specimen aged for 16 h, while Ti did not segregate at other interfaces. Mo varied considerably among interface types, e.g. from segregated at grain boundaries in the specimens after all the aging time to never segregate at γ'/γ phase interfaces. Cr co-segregated with C at grain boundaries, although carbides still did not nucleate at grain boundaries yet. Despite segregation tendency variations in different interface types, the segregation tendency evolution variation of different elements depending aging time were analyzed among all types of interfaces. Based on the experimental results, the enrichment factors, Gibbs interface excess and segregation free energies of segregated elements were calculated and discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Takahashi J, Haga J, Kawakami K, Ushioda K. Observation of co-segregation of titanium and boron at the interface between recrystallized and unrecrystallized grains in cold-rolled interstitial-free steel sheets. Ultramicroscopy 2015; 159 Pt 2:299-307. [PMID: 25896291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the addition of ppm levels of B strongly retarded the growth of recrystallized grain into unrecrystallized grains in the process of cold-rolling and annealing of Ti-added interstitial-free (IF) ferritic steels. This phenomenon was explained by solute drag effect based on the assumption that, during annealing, B atoms segregate at the interface between recrystallized and unrecrystallized grains where they interact with Ti atoms. To verify this, atom probe tomography analysis of the interface was performed in Ti-added IF steels with and without B addition. Needle tips containing the interface identified from electron backscattering diffraction analysis, were produced by focused ion beam milling with the lift-out method. To increase the experiment reliability, the misorientation angle of the aimed interface was compared with that estimated by field ion microscopy analysis. Considerable amount of Ti segregation was observed at the interface in the steel without B addition, which increased with increasing amount of B segregation in the steel with B addition. The results suggest that the retardation of the interface migration was caused by solute drag effect based on the simultaneous co-segregation of Ti and B due to their attractive interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Takahashi
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-city, Chiba 293-8511, Japan.
| | - J Haga
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-city, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - K Kawakami
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-city, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - K Ushioda
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu-city, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gautam A, Ophus C, Lançon F, Denes P, Dahmen U. Analysis of grain boundary dynamics using event detection and cumulative averaging. Ultramicroscopy 2014; 151:78-84. [PMID: 25498139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To analyze extended time series of high resolution images, we have employed automated frame-by-frame comparisons that are able to detect dynamic changes in the structure of a grain boundary in Au. Using cumulative averaging of images between events allowed high resolution measurements of the atomic relaxation in the interface with sufficient accuracy for comparison with atomistic models. Cumulative averaging was also used to observe the structural rearrangement of atomic columns at a moving step in the grain boundary. The technique of analyzing changing features in high resolution images by averaging between incidents can be used to deconvolute stochastic events that occur at random intervals and on time scales well beyond that accessible to single-shot imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gautam
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Lançon
- Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), SP2M, INAC, CEA, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - P Denes
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - U Dahmen
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jnaneshwara DM, Avadhani DN, Daruka Prasad B, Nagabhushana H, Nagabhushana BM, Sharma SC, Prashantha SC, Shivakumara C. Role of Cu2+ ions substitution in magnetic and conductivity behavior of nano-CoFe2O4. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 132:256-262. [PMID: 24873891 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt copper ferrite nanopowders with composition Co1-xCuxFe2O4 (0.0≤x≤0.5) was synthesized by solution combustion method. The powder X-ray diffraction studies reveal the formation of single ferrite phase with particle size of ∼11-35 nm. Due to increase in electron density with in a material, X-ray density increase with increase of Cu2+ ions concentration. As Cu2+ ions concentration increases, saturation magnetization decreases from 38.5 to 26.7 emu g(-1). Further, the squareness ratio was found to be ∼0.31-0.46 which was well below the typical value 1, which indicates the existence of single domain isolated ferrimagnetic samples. The dielectric and electrical modulus was studied over a frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz at room temperature using the complex impedance spectroscopy technique. Impedance plots showed only one semi-circle which corresponds to the contributions of grain boundaries. The lower values of dielectric loss at higher frequency region may be quite useful for high frequency applications such as microwave devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Jnaneshwara
- Prof. CNR Rao, Centre for Advanced Materials Research, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572 103, India; Department of Physics, SJB Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 060, India; CMRTU, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560 059, India
| | - D N Avadhani
- CMRTU, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore 560 059, India
| | - B Daruka Prasad
- Department of Physics, B.M.S. Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - H Nagabhushana
- Prof. CNR Rao, Centre for Advanced Materials Research, Tumkur University, Tumkur 572 103, India.
| | - B M Nagabhushana
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 054, India
| | - S C Sharma
- Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekananda Technical University, North Park Avenue, Sector 8, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh 490 009, India
| | - S C Prashantha
- Research Center, Department of Physics, East-West Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560 091, India.
| | - C Shivakumara
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hirayama K, Ii S, Tsurekawa S. Transmission electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy measurements and ab initio calculation of local magnetic moments at nickel grain boundaries. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2014; 15:015005. [PMID: 27877647 PMCID: PMC5090608 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/1/015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have determined local magnetic moments at nickel grain boundaries using a transmission electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy method assuming that the magnetic moment of Ni atoms is a linear function of the L3/L2 (white-line ratio) in the energy loss spectrum. The average magnetic moment measured in the grain interior was 0.55 μB, which agrees well with the calculated magnetic moment of pure nickel (0.62 μB). The local magnetic moments at the grain boundaries increased up to approximately 1.0 μB as the mis-orientation angle increased, and showed a maximum around 50°. The respective enhancement of local magnetic moments at the Σ5 (0.63 μB) and random (0.90 μB) grain boundaries in pure nickel was approximately 14 and 64% of the grain interior. In contrast, the average local magnetic moment at the (111) Σ3 grain boundary was found to be 0.55 μB and almost the same as that of the grain interior. These results are in good agreement with available ab initio calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hirayama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ii
- Structural Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Tsurekawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Unrau KR, Cavanagh MH, Cheng OK, Wang S, Burrell RE. Incorporating gold into nanocrystalline silver dressings reduces grain boundary size and maintains suitable antimicrobial properties. Int Wound J 2013; 10:666-74. [PMID: 22905729 PMCID: PMC7950740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocrystalline silver dressings are widely known to be potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents and have long been used to treat topical wounds. Gold is known to be a strong anti-inflammatory agent and has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis for >70 years. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of incorporating gold into nanocrystalline silver dressings from antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory perspectives. Gold and silver dressing alloys were created by direct current magnetron sputtering and compared with pure silver nanocrystalline dressings using conventional biological (log reduction and corrected zone of inhibition) and physical (X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) characterisation techniques. While the gold/silver dressings were slightly weaker antimicrobials than the pure silver nanocrystalline structures, the addition of gold to the nanostructure reduces the minimum crystallite size from 17 to 4 nm. This difference increases the number of grain boundary atoms from 12% to 40% which could augment the anti-inflammatory properties of the dressings. The formation of gold oxide (Au2O3) was thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in crystallite size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Unrau
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Marion H Cavanagh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - On Kwan Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shiman Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert E Burrell
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|